The youth- this is a special social and age group, distinguished by age limits and their status in society: the transition from childhood and youth to social responsibility. Some scientists understand youth as a set of young people to whom society provides an opportunity for social development, providing them with benefits, but limiting their ability to actively participate in certain areas of society. Young people in a significant part have the level of mobility, intellectual activity and health that distinguishes them favorably from other groups of the population. During this period, a person lives an important stage of family and outside family socialization.
Today, scientists define youth as a socio-demographic group of society, singled out on the basis of a combination of characteristics, features of social status and due to certain socio-psychological properties that are determined by the level of socio-economic, cultural development, features of socialization in Russian society.
The boundaries of youth age are mobile. They depend on the socio-economic development of society, the level of well-being and culture achieved, and the living conditions of people. The impact of these factors is really manifested in the life expectancy of people, expanding the boundaries of youth age from 14 to 30 years.
Differentiation of young people according to the age allows us to distinguish three main groups:
- · 14-19 years old(boys and girls) - a group of young people who are financially dependent on their parental families and who are faced with the choice of a profession;
- · 20-24 years old(youth in the narrow sense of the word) - a youth group integrating into the socio-professional structure of society, acquiring material and social independence;
- · 25-29 years old(young adults) - a socio-demographic group that is completing the acquisition of a full set of social statuses and roles, which has become the subject of social reproduction.
Thus, we can conclude that the lower age limit is determined by the fact that from the age of 14 physical maturity begins and a person can be engaged in labor activity (the period of choice to study or work). The upper limit is determined by the achievement of economic independence, professional and personal stability.
As structural elements You can also distinguish the following groups of young people:
- · demographic(gender, age, marital status);
- · national-ethnic;
- · target and contact(for example, all young people aspiring to enter higher education; all young people working in the organization);
- · by level of education;
- · at the place of residence(urban and rural youth);
- · according to the degree of socio-political activity;
- · by hobby(athletes, musicians, etc.);
- · by professional affiliation.
The application of these and other typological criteria allows you to build a multidimensional personal space of young people.
Thus, it would be more correct to speak not about youth in general, but about studying, student or working youth; youth from large central cities, provincial cities or youth from rural areas, etc. It follows from this that when determining the social positions of young people, their various groups, it is necessary to study the qualitative social characteristics of young people: social composition and origin, financial situation of parents, worldview and religious affiliation, education, professional activities, political views, etc.
In developmental psychology, youth is characterized as a period of formation of a stable system of values, the formation of self-awareness and the formation of the social status of an individual. The consciousness of a young person has a special susceptibility, the ability to process and assimilate a huge flow of information. During this period, critical thinking develops, the desire to give one's own assessment of various phenomena, the search for argumentation, original thinking. At the same time, at this age, some attitudes and stereotypes characteristic of the previous generation are still preserved. This is due to the fact that the period of vigorous activity in a young person encounters a limited nature of practical, creative activity, an incomplete involvement of a young person in the system of social relations. Hence, in the behavior of young people, there is an amazing combination of contradictory qualities and traits: the desire for identification and isolation, conformism and negativism, imitation and denial of generally accepted norms, the desire for communication and withdrawal, detachment from the outside world. The instability and inconsistency of youth consciousness have an impact on many forms of behavior and activity of the individual. The formation of the social maturity of young people occurs under the influence of many relatively independent factors: families, educational institutions, labor collectives, the media, youth organizations and spontaneous groups. This plurality of institutions and mechanisms of socialization does not represent a rigid hierarchical system; each of them performs its own specific functions in the development of the individual.
Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed by the life experience of the individual. The set of established, established experiences that separate the significant, the essential from the insignificant forms a kind of axis of consciousness that ensures the stability of the personality, the continuity of a certain type of behavior, and activity, expressed in the direction of needs and interests. Because of this, value orientations are the most important factor that ensures the cohesion of social groups and regulates the behavior of the individual. Through orientation, a person selects the most significant objects for him. Thus, orientations reflect the selectivity of people. This circumstance gives them the status of an independent phenomenon.
Youth, as a social group, whose position is completely determined by its socio-economic condition, first of all reacts to the changes taking place in society. The youth is of interest as a generation that in the near future will take the place of the main productive force, and therefore its values will largely determine the values of the whole society. The situation in the country as a whole largely depends on what principles, norms and values this social group adheres to.
The system of value orientations of the individual, although it is formed under the influence of the values that prevail in society and the immediate social environment surrounding the individual, is not rigidly predetermined by them. The personality is not passive in the process of forming its orientations. The values offered by society, the individual assimilates selectively. The formation of value orientations is influenced not only by social factors, but also by some characteristics of the individual himself, his personal characteristics. The system of value orientations is not given once and for all: with changes in living conditions, the personality itself, new values appear, and sometimes they are completely or partially reassessed. Once again, it should be emphasized that the value orientations of young people, as the most dynamic part of Russian society, are the first to undergo changes caused by various processes taking place in the life of the country.
In the value orientations of modern Russian youth, it is traditionally possible to distinguish 2 groups of values: terminal - beliefs that some ultimate goal of individual existence is worth striving for; instrumental - beliefs that some mode of action or personality trait is preferable in any situation. This division corresponds to the traditional division into values-goals and values-means.
At present, the analysis of the values of different generations, and especially young people and its specific part - students, which, as a social group, is characterized by age, belonging to a higher school and involvement in the process of forming a layer of intellectuals, is of particular relevance. Modern Russian students are forced to focus on a mixed system of values. Traditional values have not been completely replaced by Western ones and, most likely, a complete change of values will not happen. However, the change in the socio-cultural situation with an attempt to create a market economy in Russia, democratic changes, led to the emergence and increase in the importance of some values that were absent or were on the periphery of the traditional system of values.
Values effectively determine the behavior of people, if only they are introduced not by force of coercion, but are based on the authority of society. Studying the value orientations of students makes it possible to identify the degree of their adaptation to new social conditions and their innovative potential. The future state of society largely depends on what value foundation will be formed.
Characteristics of modern youth
The intellectual and educational values of modern youth should be considered from the perspective of their mental, creative potential, which, unfortunately, has significantly decreased in recent years. This is due to the deterioration of the physical and mental condition of the younger generation. The new conditions have given rise to new problems that have become inherent in the socio-cultural values of today's youth.
Without having an idea of what the basic values, guidelines, views and interests of a young person are today, it is extremely difficult to count on a positive result in the process of forming the best qualities of a citizen in him. Under the conditions of very unfavorable influences of the macro environment as a whole, the prestige of morality has decreased, greedy orientations, and purely personal, pragmatic interests among the youth have increased. A significant part of young people have destroyed and lost such traditional moral and psychological traits as romanticism, selflessness, readiness for a feat, honesty, conscientiousness, faith in goodness and justice, the desire for truth and the search for an ideal, for the positive realization of not only personal, but also social significant interests and goals, and others.
Thus, our analysis of the behavior of modern of mankind has shown that today the transition to sustainable development seems extremely unlikely - the level of consciousness and responsibility for their actions among the world community is too low. Our planet is in dire need- capacity in the formation of a new society, more developed both intellectually and spiritually. Only such a society will is able to foresee the consequences of his actions and refrain from committing them if the consequences are negative. Fundamentally new types of machines and equipment, latest technology, control systems can be set up and constructively applied only by people of a new, non-traditional type of thinking.
As you know, many global changes in societyhappened precisely because of the young. It is no secret that most of their discoveries were made by world-famous scientists inunder the age of 35. A number of reasons contributed to this:
Youth are critical views and attitudes towards exist - reality, these are new ideas and thatenergy, which is especially needed at the time of fundamental reforms.Youth is the bearer of a hugeintellectually- th potential, special abilities for creativity (increasedsensibility, perception, imagery of thinking, etc.).Youth is the accelerator implement - newideas, initiatives, new forms of life, because it is an opponent of conservatism and stagnation by nature.
Young people are the most physically healthy part of the population, they vital - naya force of society, a clot of energy, unspent intellectual and physical forces that require a way out. Through these forces society can be revived.The value of youth in the modern world is increasing andin connection with the increasing importance of education and professional skills needed in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution. In youth, a person easily acquires basic knowledge, skills and abilities. Young people are therefore not afraid of the need for continuing education.
But what is the attitude of our society towards the young and talented? Do modern "Newtons" have the opportunitycreative self-realization in our country? According to the rectorMoscow State University Academician V.A. Sadovnichy, the training of one specialist in this university costs about 400 thousand dollars. Leaving Russia,only graduates of Moscow State University annually “take out” 120million dollars. And this is not counting scientific developments. According to the latest data, the cost of the “brain drain” from Russia over the past 10 years is estimated at severalhundred billion dollars!
Young scientists emigrating to the West can be understood- high intelligence, ambition and the desire for a worthy happy life drives them away from the country where the stereotype of a beggar, useless inventor who has been living in his laboratory for years has taken root.But no matter how hard from the time of - conditions, right now Russia has a real chance to stand up againfrom my knees. Despite the difficulties, the leader of the domestic nanotechnology business Concern "Nanoindustry" todayis rapidly gaining momentum, building long-termpartnerships with China, India and Western countries.Successfully implemented the first commercial products,created using nanotechnology, demand is growingfor highly qualified talented personnel capable ofwork in the field of nanotechnology.
Fig 223. Logo of the 1st contest
To attract the interest of young people to this promising area in
April 2004 the companyNanotechnology News Network in cooperation with Concern "Nanoindustry"with the support of CB "Uniastrum Bank"successfully held the 1st All-Russiancompetition of youth projects to create a domestic molecularnanotechnology, which caused genuine admiration of Russian scientists.
Fig 224. Team photo from the awarding of the winners of the 1st competition
The winners of the competition presented the most interesting developments. I place was taken by a team of young scientists led by Galina Popova (Russian Chemical Technical University named after D.I. Mendeleev), who created biomimetic (similar to living) materials for
optical nanosensors, molecular electronics and biomedicine. Second
place was taken by graduate student MarinaFomina with a system of directed delivery of le- cards to the necessary tissues, and the third - schoolboy Aleksey Khasanov with the technology of creating nanoceramic materials with unique properties. The winners received valuable prizes and funding for their projects.
Nanotechnology News Network decided to give suchcompetitions the status of traditional and in December 2004 announcedthe beginning of the II All-Russian competition of youth projects in the field of nanotechnology. This time the organizers decided to mobilize everyone who is able and ready to take part in the development
nanotechnology. To do this, the competition received the widest coverage in the media and educational institutions.
Speaking of public attitudes towards the competition: find sponsors to support youth projects inThe field of nanotechnology turned out to be much more difficult than it seemed to the organizers. Of the 500 largest companies in the country invited to join the sponsorship committee, only Uniastrum Bank, satisfied with the results of the first competition, and Powercom, an international manufacturer of uninterruptible power supplies, organizations interested in rich and high-tech Russia, responded to the offer.
If a philanthropist, usually an experienced person with a broad outlook, understands that it is important to support what in the futurewill become real achievements capable of leading the countryto a qualitatively new level, then the heads of PR_departmentsprefer to spend money on charity- drawn on philistine thinking, thirsting for "bread and circuses." Unfortunately, in our country it is still considered morenobler to console the victims of famine, disease and terrorist attacks thansupport the creation of funds for their prevention…
Despite this, thanks to the assistance of sponsors and the leadership of the Nanoindustry Concern, the prize fund of the secondThe competition was replenished with new unique prizes. In particular, the participant who won the 1st place will receive the latest Russian nanotechnological laboratory "UMKA", created in October last year by the concern "Nanoindustry". INunlike foreign counterparts costing $50_100 thousand, itdoes not require special premises and refrigeration for operation installations.
Project areas are extremely diverse _ frompromising nanomaterials for the automotive industry andaviation to implants and neuro- technological interfaces. The competition committee is represented outstanding - by scientists and experienced industrialists.
Fig 225. Logo of the 2nd contest
Works are accepted until July 1,and the organizers have already received a number of interest - projects. We hope,that the competition will become a good tradition and the activity of Russian youth in nanotechnologies is finallystop decreasing and start increasing. We believe that if those peoplewho have to live and workin the 21st century, will be able to raise production and eco- the nomics of their country on the worldlevel if the export of timber, oil andgas from the country will not be “justified” by the low quality of domestic goods, then Russia has every chance to become one againfrom the economic superpowers.
A prime example of this is Japan. After World War IIwar, this hungry, impoverished country threw all its strength intodevelopment of science and production and ... became a world economic leader. If we take the example of Japan today andif we give up our stupid resource-based economy, then, given the amount of oil in the bowels of our country, we can predict that it will end with us later than everyone else on the planet. INThere are no periods in Russia's history when it simultaneously exported raw materials and was a great power.
In the meantime, the situation strongly resembles an episode from a movie“White sun of the desert”, where careless grandfathers light uphookah on a box of dynamite. Russia, as they say, has two troubles... The third trouble is that the number of people unable to seefurther than his nose, exceeds all permissible norms.
Youth is the main bearer of the intellectual and physical potential of society, it has great abilities for work, technical and cultural and artistic creativity, productive activity in all spheres of human existence;
Young people have a great social and professional perspective, they are able to acquire new knowledge, professions and specialties faster than other social groups in society.
The fundamental issue when considering the role of youth in society is the question of youth as a subject and object of social transformations. Entering life, a young person is subject to the influence of social conditions, family, educational institutions, and later, in the process of growing up and moving into more mature phases of development, he begins to significantly influence society. That is, youth acts as a subject when it influences society, giving up its potential, at the same time it is an object, since social influence is directed at it in order to develop it. The youth acts as an object both to society and to itself.
Without a doubt, youth is a very important part for Chuvashia and for Russia as a whole, as it is the most active component of the state. The young are the best adapted to the introduction of new technologies, innovations and reforms. They are mobile and full of energy, so the Russian state is interested in the fact that the younger generation would be involved in the economic life of Russia and the political... More recently, our country has passed the economic crisis, and is now at the stage of stabilization, so young specialists in the field of economics are simply necessary for Chuvashia. It follows that the state should be interested in the formation of a viable and healthy new generation, because young people are the “salvation” for the state in terms of creating a family and eliminating the demographic crisis.
In a word, Chuvashia in our time is doing everything for the successful development of the younger generation - the rest depends on us. Purposefulness and ambitions are the main components of a happy life and a secure future, so it is important to choose your path right now, because youth is not eternal and goes away every day... Giving up bad habits, worthy occupation, finding your favorite job will help change your life for the better . The future of Russia is in the hands of young people, and this should always be remembered.
YOUTH - a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of age parameters, social status and socio-psychological qualities.
One of the first definitions of the term "youth" was given in 1968 by V.T. Lisovsky:
"Youth is a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at a more mature age already assimilating, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for youth can range from 16 to 30 years."
Later, a more complete definition was given by I.S. Konom:
"Youth is a socio-demographic group distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics, characteristics of social status and socio-psychological properties due to both. Youth as a certain phase, stage of the life cycle is biologically universal, but its specific age limits, associated social status and socio-psychological characteristics are of a socio-historical nature and depend on the social system, culture and the laws of socialization characteristic of a given society.
In developmental psychology, youth is characterized as a period of formation of a stable system of values, the formation of self-awareness and the social status of an individual.
The consciousness of a young person has a special susceptibility, the ability to process and assimilate a huge flow of information. During this period, develop: critical thinking, the desire to give their own assessment of various phenomena, the search for argumentation, original thinking. At the same time, at this age, some attitudes and stereotypes characteristic of the previous generation are still preserved. Hence, in the behavior of young people, there is an amazing combination of contradictory qualities and traits: the desire for identification and isolation, conformism and negativism, imitation and denial of generally accepted norms, the desire for communication and withdrawal, detachment from the outside world.
Youth consciousness is determined by a number of objective circumstances.
Firstly, in modern conditions the process of socialization itself has become more complicated and lengthened, and, accordingly, the criteria for its social maturity have become different. They are determined not only by entry into an independent working life, but also by the completion of education, the acquisition of a profession, real political and civil rights, and material independence from parents.
Secondly, the formation of the social maturity of young people occurs under the influence of many relatively independent factors: family, school, work collective, mass media, youth organizations and spontaneous groups.
The boundaries of youth age are mobile. They depend on the socio-economic development of society, the level of well-being and culture achieved, and the living conditions of people. The impact of these factors is really manifested in the life expectancy of people, expanding the boundaries of youth age from 14 to 30 years.
Since ancient times, the formation of society has been accompanied by the process of socialization of new generations. One of the main problems of the socialization of young people is that they either accept the values of their fathers or completely reject them. The second happens more often. Young people believe that the social values that the "fathers" lived by lose their practical significance in any new historical situation and, therefore, are not inherited by children.
Today, the main task of the survival of the Belarusian society is to solve the problem of maintaining social stability and transferring cultural heritage from one generation to another. This process has never been automatic. He always assumed the active participation in it of all generations. It must be remembered that it is at a young age that a system of value orientations is formed, the process of self-education, self-creation of the individual and affirmation in society is actively underway.
In today's rapidly changing, dynamically developing world, young people have to decide for themselves what is more valuable - enrichment by any means or the acquisition of high qualifications that help them adapt to new conditions; denial of previous moral norms or flexibility, adaptability to the new reality; unlimited freedom of interpersonal relationships or family.
Values are a relatively stable, socially determined attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual goods, cultural phenomena that serve as a means of satisfying the needs of the individual.
The core values include:
1. Humanity;
2. Good manners;
3. Education;
4. Tolerance;
5. Kindness;
6. Honesty;
7. Diligence;
8. Love;
Young people have acquired a number of new qualities, both positive and negative.
The positives include:
1. The desire for self-organization and self-government;
2. Interest in political events in the country and region;
3. Indifference to the problems of the national language and culture;
4. Participation in organizing your leisure time;
5. Focus on self-education;
Negative qualities such as:
1. Tobacco smoking, drug testing and adolescent alcoholism;
2. Doing nothing;
3. Sexual experimentation;
4. Infantilism and indifference (nihilism);
5. Uncertainty and unpredictability;
There are several important socio-cultural conditions for successful personal socialization:
1. Healthy family microenvironment;
2. Favorable creative atmosphere at school, lyceum, gymnasium;
3. Positive impact of fiction and art;
4. Media influence;
5. Aestheticization of the nearest macro environment (yard, neighborhood, club, sports ground, etc.)
6. Active involvement in social activities;
Social adaptation is a controlled process. It can be managed not only in line with the impact of social institutions on a person in the course of his production, non-production, pre-production, post-production life, but also in line with self-government. In general, four stages of adaptation of a person in a new social environment are most often distinguished:
1. the initial stage, when an individual or group realizes how they should behave in a new social environment for them, but are not yet ready to recognize and accept the value system of the new environment and strive to adhere to the old value system;
2. the stage of tolerance, when the individual, the group and the new environment show mutual tolerance for each other's value systems and patterns of behavior;
3. accommodation, i.e. recognition and acceptance by the individual of the basic elements of the value system of the new environment while simultaneously recognizing some of the values of the individual, the group of the new social environment;
4. assimilation, i.e. complete coincidence of the value systems of the individual, group and environment; Complete social adaptation of a person includes physiological, managerial, economic, pedagogical, psychological and professional adaptation.
Specific points of social adaptation technology:
* only a person tends to create special "devices", certain social institutions, norms, traditions, facilitating the process of his adaptation in a given social environment;
* only a person has the ability to consciously prepare the younger generation for the process of adaptation, using all means of education for this;
* the process of "acceptance" or "rejection" by individuals of existing social relations depends both on social belonging, worldview, and on the direction of education;
* a person consciously acts as a subject of social adaptation, changing his views, attitudes, value orientations under the influence of circumstances;
Social adaptation is the process of active development of the social environment by the personality, in which the personality acts both as an object and as a subject of adaptation, and the social environment is both an adapting and adaptable side.
Successful social adaptation of the individual requires the maximum expenditure of the spiritual energy of the individual.
Youth is the path to the future, which is chosen by the person himself. The choice of the future, its planning is a characteristic feature of a young age; he would not be so attractive if a person knew in advance what would happen to him tomorrow, in a month, in a year.
General conclusion: "Each subsequent generation of young people is worse than the previous one in terms of the main indicators of social status and development." This is expressed, first of all, in the tendency to reduce the number of young people, which leads to the aging of society and, consequently, a decrease in the role of youth as a social resource in general.
The demographic situation is complicated by a new reality in Belarus - the growth of murders and suicides, including among young people. The reason is the emergence of difficult personal and life situations. According to the data, 10% of graduates of state institutions for orphans commit suicide, not being able to adapt to living conditions.
First, the unresolved socio-economic and everyday problems.
Secondly, in the trend of deterioration in the health of children and adolescents. The rising generation is less healthy physically and mentally than the previous one. On average in Belarus, only 10% of school graduates can consider themselves absolutely healthy, 45-50% of them have serious morphofunctional deviations.
Recently, there has been a clear increase in the number of diseases among students, such as:
1. mental disorders;
2. peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract;
3. alcohol and drug addiction;
4. venereal diseases;
Some young people, due to an unbalanced diet and reduced physical activity, gain excess weight, spend little time outdoors, and are not involved in sports and recreational activities.
Thirdly, in the tendency to expand the process of desocialization, the marginalization of young people. The number of young people leading an asocial, immoral lifestyle is increasing. For various reasons and to varying degrees, they include: disabled people, alcoholics, vagrants, "professional beggars", persons serving sentences in corrective labor institutions who strive to be socially useful citizens, but due to social conditions cannot become them. There is a lumpenization and criminalization of youth. ѕ young students consider themselves to be low-income.
Fourthly, in the trend of decreasing opportunities for youth participation in economic development. Statistics show that the share of young people in the unemployed remains high. The labor market is characterized by a significant overflow of labor from the state to the non-state sector of the economy.
Moving to the sphere for positions that do not require professional knowledge, young people risk their future well-being, not ensuring the accumulation of intellectual property - professionalism. Moreover, this area of employment is characterized by a very high degree of criminalization.
Fifthly, in the trend of falling social value of labor, the prestige of a number of professions important for society. Sociological studies of recent years state that in labor motivation, priority is given not to meaningful work, but to work aimed at obtaining material benefits. "Big salary" - this motive turned out to be decisive in choosing a place of work.
Modern youth has such a feature that shows that most of them want to have a good income, while having neither a profession nor a desire to work. This is due to the fact that young people do not have incentives to work.
The problem of criminal influence on young people cannot but disturb the Belarusian public lately. Among criminal offenses every fourth is carried out by young people and adolescents. Among the offenses, mercenary crimes attract attention - theft, extortion of money, fraud. When analyzing statistical data, the volume of acquisitive crimes in the present period is growing rapidly. It depends on the fact that there is a differentiation among young people and most of the young people, parents cannot give what they would like, taking into account requests. And they themselves cannot receive this due to the fact that they do not have a specialty or work skills. Young people do not want to get an education just because they have no prospects after they get an education. Nowadays, more and more young people are using drugs. Maybe this comes from the hopelessness of realizing their capabilities or from the fact that, due to a lack of understanding of the seriousness, they were involved in this by people interested in drug trafficking.
A generation of young people has formed in Russia, which is very different from its predecessors. The image of a young careerist, clearly displayed in the Megafon advertisement - "The future depends on you", - remained in the 90s. The generation of the 2000s is indifferent to a career, rejects mass culture and unbridled consumerism. For part of today's youth, the slogan "The future does not depend on you" is more relevant.
The word "youth" should be written with two letters "g". The Internet LiveJournal (LJ) has become a habitat for thousands of young people. They argue about the structure of the world and complain about yesterday's hangover. Revolutions are being prepared there and marriages are being destroyed... Virtual diaries are a real treasure for sociologists. Where else can one find such an array of texts created by a “common man”?!
I decided to use this unique material. I bring to your attention my conclusions. In some ways they can be considered controversial. But at the very least, this study raises questions about what the “LJ generation” is all about. And certainly this method of study is much more productive than endless polls on the topic “What is more important to you - high earnings or spiritual harmony?”.
I myself defined the subject of my research as follows: “I set the task of studying the most advanced part of the youth. But not “golden” and not “bohemian”. Such groups were, are and will be regardless of the blogosphere. They can be called trendsetters, that is, people who broadcast cultural innovations to the wider masses. I proceeded from the fact that it was the blogosphere that became the main channel for the dissemination of trends. In Moscow, St. Petersburg and million-plus cities, trendsetters are somehow connected with the blogosphere.”
trend 1
From careerism to indifference
The generation of the 90s worked extremely hard. Plans for building a career were hatched at a very young age - they thought about this already in the tenth grade, and even more so in the first year of the institute. Any job was evaluated, first of all, in terms of its prospects for a future career, and the transition from one job to another - in terms of how a new line in the resume would look like.
Of course, there were a lot of exceptions, but the general mood was just that. Many young people were willing to work 20 hours a day. Positions of top managers in leading corporations or a coveted own business loomed ahead.
Today's youth is indifferent to a career. She does not accept a job that is motivated solely by making money and does not provide an opportunity for self-expression, does not want to work in an office, on a clear schedule, and is generally not ready to devote most of her time to work.
“People who are concerned about money are mostly older generations who have lived through poverty. I like people who earn themselves within the reach. There is money - good, no money - bad, we will try to earn. I am one of them"
Young people of the 90s dreamed of becoming bankers, lawyers, commercial and financial directors. The professional ideal of the youth of the 2000s is a journalist, designer, programmer, PR manager. Freelancing has become a bright sign of the times.
Starting your own business is perhaps the only thing that today's young people want as much as their peers 10 years ago. However, if the youth of the 90s tried in every possible way to develop their own business in order to turn it into a large enterprise in the future and enter the business elite, then today's young people do not want to spend time and energy on this. They are quite satisfied with a small business, which gives them financial independence and the opportunity to do what they love on a free schedule.
The youth of the 90s took on any business - from diaper sales to private cabs. Modern young people are not ready to drastically change their lifestyle and social circle, even if it promises considerable profit. As a rule, they create their own small enterprises in areas that are familiar to them, and where they do not have to spend time establishing relevant connections.
“I devote my free time to the same thing that I devote my working time to, only these are no longer custom projects, but for the soul, so to speak. That is, when it appears, the time, that is, I either photograph, or process the already photographed, or draw, since the easel is always at hand, or I go to draw plasters in the studio, or I read, or I glue something ...; It is extremely difficult for me to sit still for a long time ... "
The main reason that the "career" option began to lose its appeal for young people was the awareness of the "limits of growth." In the 90s, the skies seemed open. Ten years later, most young people are well aware that there is a well-defined "ceiling", above which it is almost impossible to rise. The "social lift" that provided rapid vertical movement in the 90s stopped in the 2000s.
Economic stabilization also contributed to the decrease in the attractiveness of the "career" option. Modern young people are not afraid to be left without a livelihood. They understand that they can always find some work. The generation of the 90s faced an alternative: work or living and poverty. The generation of the 2000s is characterized by a different alternative: exhausting and exhausting work to build a career, or calm, “easy” creative work for pleasure.
The devaluation of the value of a career in the minds of young people is indirectly related to the growth of the value of freedom. For the youth of the 90s, freedom also had a certain value, but it was interpreted very narrowly - as an opportunity not to depend financially on anyone, to buy various goods and services, etc.
The youth of the 2000s understand freedom as independence from any circumstances and as spontaneity - the ability to change work, place of residence, lifestyle. For today's young people, freedom is one of the key values, and a free lifestyle is the exact opposite of "corporate slavery."
trend 2
Escape from popular culture
On the one hand, modern young people are children of mass culture, and they are well aware of this. On the other hand, they do their best to distance themselves from this culture.
Modern young people are clearly aware of their cultural "advancement", this is a matter of their pride. From their point of view, all other "average" inhabitants are distinguished by a low level of education and culture, a lack of interests and hobbies, with the exception of primitive consumerism. Their attitude is rather arrogant.
For the youth of the 90s, the object of constant irony was the so-called scoop, that is, a very limited, conservative, unenterprising person. For young people of the 2000s, the objects of ridicule are "gopniks", "glamorous kitties" (girls whose meaning of life is entertainment and consumption) and "office plankton" (managers of all stripes who spend most of their lives in the office, doing routine and uninteresting work) .
The negative attitude towards these three socio-cultural groups is caused not only by the rejection of their way of life and values, but also by their absolute stereotypedness, the absence of any kind of individuality.
Television (especially humorous programs, serials and reality shows) is considered an example of "dullness", mass character and stereotypedness. The vast majority of modern young people watch TV quite rarely, and even then solely for the purpose of laughing at the "stars" of the air.
"Modern culture. Well, firstly, the culture of conformism and the absorption of the individual by the masses. Availability of music, art, etc. makes it not the property of a few, but the lot of many. From there comes the devastation of art."
The genre of parody of TV programs and their characters is extremely popular among young people. For example, one of the largest blogging communities is the foto_zaba community, whose members use the Photoshop graphics editor to remake pictures from popular TV shows and movies. Yevgeny Petrosyan, Ksenia Sobchak and Vladimir Putin enjoy special “love” of “gills”.
Another topic for mockery is also advertising. Logos, commercials, slogans are being redesigned. An example of such a transformation was the new corporate identity of MTS. The number of alterations, parodies and jokes on the topic of "red eggs" exceeded a thousand.
Parodies of mass culture are sometimes extremely cynical, but this is a reaction to the falsity of mass culture itself. A certain vague feeling is formed in the youth environment, which can be called a longing for romanticism and true values.
Being often ostentatiously cynical, young people try their best to avoid insincerity in relationships with relatives and friends. Hence the extremely negative attitude to the "secular" style of communication a la "Dom-2", as well as to advertising, which with sublime words covers up the banal desire to sell a product or service.
“Now in our world, unfortunately, there is a lot of insincerity, and very often people hide some selfish goals and interests behind the concept of “friendship”. Plus, it seems to me that people are so preoccupied with their problems, of which everyone has a great many, that sometimes there is no time to just ask a friend how he is doing.
Another evidence of the "longing for romance" is the mythological image of the Soviet past, which has been formed among today's young people. The USSR appears in an idealized form as a society where there were no national conflicts, terrorism and drug addiction, where feelings were sincere, and people were naive and disinterested.
“If you were a kid in the 60s, 70s or 80s, looking back, it's hard to believe we made it to this day… Our cribs were painted with bright, high lead paints. There were no secret lids on medicine bottles, doors were often not locked, and cupboards were never locked. We drank water from a pump on the corner, not from plastic bottles. No one could have thought of riding a bike with a helmet on. Horror"
The theme of the pre-perestroika period is also closely related to the search for one's own identity, since the answer to the question "who am I?" excites modern bloggers quite strongly.
trend 3
Politics without politics
The attitude towards politics also reflects the desire to distance oneself from the “mass character”. Young people simply ignore any form of political activity. They do not participate in the elections because, in their opinion, the result of the elections does not in any way depend on their participation.
“I am only concerned about those world problems that are directly related to me, but in general, the expression “even a flood after us” is quite practical”
Any form of political activity - both right and left - becomes the object of satire no less acute than in the case of television and pop music. For example, the pro-government youth association Nashi is ridiculed for sticking to pompous slogans.
Left-wing political activists of the national-Bolshevik persuasion cause a little more sympathy. Readiness for self-sacrifice, real, and not ostentatious suffering of the National Bolsheviks for the idea cause respect among young people. As a rule, people do not mock the "leftists", but their convictions are not shared. After all, left-wing activists are also in the thrall of mass culture. Nationalist movements are rather sharply rejected. The vast majority of members of the blogging community are internationalists. Their ideal is "citizens of the world", children of different national cultures who move freely around the world and communicate with each other. Nationalists, and especially their aggressive wing, are associated with savagery and barbarism.
Some bloggers attend various political events, but go there mainly to “get fun”, in other words, to have fun, and not at all to defend their point of view.
Young people prefer to observe political life, to release caustic criticisms, but at the same time not to interfere in anything. Unlike the traditional Russian and Soviet intelligentsia, who watched political life with a sense of tragedy, today's youth joke and have fun. Absurdist flash mobs became an expression of such an easy attitude.
A flashmob is a collective action that, as a rule, is ridiculous, from the point of view of most citizens, in nature. For example, several tens or hundreds of young people may gather and begin to squat or repeat the same word at the same time.
Once in Novosibirsk, on May 1, representatives of various political parties gathered on the main square of the city to hold rallies. About a hundred flashmobers also came there. Young people began to lead a huge round dance around the protesters, holding posters like “No colonization of Mars”, “No exploitation of the theme of Siberian savagery in modern art”, etc. Some of the posters were written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Neither the protesters nor the police knew what to do. The organizers of the May Day demonstration could not understand in any way - what is it? If the movement is, what are its goals? If the protest is against whom and what?
In fact, the flash mobs had no specific goals. In general, this is typical for the entire young generation of the 2000s - the lack of long-term goals and a "research" approach to one's own destiny ("life itself will tell you what goals to strive for"). Nevertheless, in addition to just the desire to shock the public, there is a certain, albeit not always conscious, protest in flash mobs. This is a protest against stereotypes, "correctness", clogging of political and public life. But the protest is precisely in that inactive ironic form, which is extremely characteristic of "fugitives" from the society of mass culture.
Trend 4
Traveler but not a tourist
Entertainment and leisure also demonstrate the ardent desire of young people to stand out, "not to be like everyone else." For example, a special kind of travel is becoming more and more popular among young people.
These are long trips, often with stops for several months at a place you like. Travelers of this type strive to live the same way as the local population lives: eat the same food, dress in the same clothes, speak the same language, and in general - not look like local tourists in the eyes. They find some kind of job (or remotely, via the Internet, continue to do what they did in Russia, for example, computer design), rent an apartment or room, make local friends.
In recent years, a "movement to the south" has begun - to India, Thailand, Vietnam. Since life in these countries is extremely cheap, it is not difficult for young people from Moscow or St. Petersburg to save up an amount for which they then live in the tropics for a year, enjoying a warm climate and a carefree existence. Such Russian travelers appeared in America, and in Africa, and even in Australia and New Zealand.
“We belong to the latest generation of travelers. The world is rapidly becoming the same; asphalt, democracy and dollars are rapidly spreading over the entire surface of the planet"
The hobbies of today's young people are varied. The very fact that a person has a hobby is important. If in the 90s it was considered normal when young people had no time for anything other than sleep, then for today's youth this lifestyle is completely unacceptable. It is believed that people who do not have hobbies outside of work live an inferior life. Representatives of the “office plankton”, who, after a hard and stressful day, barely have the strength to crawl to the sofa and, drinking beer, look at TV with empty eyes, evoke sharply negative feelings in the modern young generation.
“I want interesting events. Now I really want to, for example, post-stalker somewhere, climb vertically, go on a water trip.
Modern young people go in for sports (usually extreme ones), look for abandoned places in the "urban jungle", climb onto the roofs of high-rise buildings in search of beautiful views (roofers), jump from one roof to another (parkour), descend into underground utilities ( diggers), participate in the historical reconstruction of various eras and cultures (role players) - the list of hobbies is endless.
The main criteria for choosing a hobby are its non-banality and “non-promoting”. The beginning of the “commercial exploitation” of this or that hobby (advertising, PR campaigns) reduces its attractiveness in the eyes of young people. This happened, for example, with snowboarding and rock climbing. From "advanced" sports, they quickly turned into mass ones and, in the language of the youth, "opposite".
Trend 5
Refusal of prestigious consumption
Modern young people are not characterized by prestigious consumption. The youth of the 90s were obsessed with status. There was a clear imperative that if you were successful, you should dress in Gucci or Armani, drive a Mercedes or BMW, drink Hennessey cognac and smoke Davidoff or Parliament cigarettes.
For the youth of the 2000s, the value of status is no longer absolute. At least today's young people are not ready to buy goods just because in the eyes of others they are prestigious and indicate material wealth. It cannot be said that today's youth does not pay attention to public opinion at all. However, if ten years ago young people sought to demonstrate their financial success, now they emphasize their individuality. The costume of a representative of the 2000s generation can include both expensive brands and very cheap ones, and even non-brand items - the main thing is that the resulting combination is typical for you.
The arrival of "individual" consumption to replace the "status" has thoroughly mixed the cards for marketers. Ten years ago, young consumers could be more or less clearly structured according to income. Today, we can very often meet young people who buy clothes of the same inexpensive brand, smoke the same elite cigarettes, and at the same time their income differs significantly.
Increased interest in shopping is considered among the youth as a sign of narrowness. There are, however, exceptions. For example, attention is paid to the purchase of a computer and computer equipment. Carefully choose things related to hobbies, such as sports equipment or cameras.
trend 6
generation of skeptics
The generation of the 2000s can rightly be called the generation of skeptics. Young people do not believe in advertising, do not trust the media, and are extremely skeptical about various PR campaigns. They are well aware that behind all promotions there is a purely pragmatic desire to sell a product.
"The Battle for the Consumer Mind feels like a game of sorts: companies are trying to win over us and bombard us with ads and PR - OK, we'll watch these attempts with interest"
There is some respect for elegant advertising campaigns that achieve maximum results with a minimum of funds. Massive campaigns with million-dollar budgets are perceived more skeptically. And advertising that tries to openly and primitively deceive the consumer (for example, “bank loans at 0%”) causes a sharp rejection. Moreover, an “expert” attitude to advertising is typical not only for professionals, but also for those young people who have nothing to do with advertising and PR.
And yet, despite the ardent desire to distance themselves from mass culture, today's young people in many ways remain "children of the consumer society." They physically cannot do without a dozen or two personal hygiene items, without quality products, without sushi, disposable tableware and a host of other delights of civilization.
What will happen to our generation next? Probably, after 30 years, the vast majority of bloggers will integrate into various professional communities, get married, have children. A high level of education and the presence of various social ties will provide them with a fairly high position in society. However, the majority of inhabitants of LJ space prefer not to think about the future. It's too boring.
Conclusion
“I try not to think about the future; about such a global future… It is somehow more pleasant to live today. For me, the future is today Wednesday, tomorrow Thursday, and this is already the future. I live for today, hour, minute. Therefore, almost everything that is a little further is the future for me, I am not chasing it, that is, I have no desire to “rewind” time forward. Old age is in the future, and I am young, healthy, energetic (as they say, not bad-looking), I am afraid of growing old "
Artist: 5th year student
correspondence F. T. J. 03-21z
Head: Alexandrova N.A.
Sources
1. Pearson T. The system of modern societies. M., 1997.
2. Foght--Babushkin Yu.U. Art in people's lives. SP. 2001.
Yadov V.A. Sociological research: methodology, program, methods. M., 1995.
4. Yadov V.A. Strategy of sociological research. Description, explanation, understanding of social reality. M., 19999 advantages of network marketing (MLM business) for today's youth
Different people come to network marketing, especially a lot of young people. This is due to the desire to improve their financial condition and get at least some kind of income in an environment where no one is hiring. Such a business is interesting for students, because. they communicate with a large audience of peers and have the opportunity to earn extra money, but there is no money.
Having come into the network business, young people do not have clear ideas about life, about earnings, and about business in general. They heard something about the possibilities, some of the friends or relatives were doing something. There are a large number of stereotypes in my head, imposed by the social circle of peers and the lack of financial literacy. But there is also a lot of good - at this age there is an opportunity to easily change yourself, develop your personal qualities, quickly learn new things. This is what network marketing is all about - training and personal development.
Unfortunately, young people come to MLM companies to earn some pocket money. Therefore, the main work is reduced to the sale of products. Some do not even understand, and do not want to delve into the essence of serious earnings that can be obtained in business. It's a pity. Someone is trying to create team turnover. But the lack of perseverance, purposefulness and self-confidence quickly nullify attempts to create a happy life.
But among young men and women there are many ambitious and thinking people who realize that wage labor will not lead them to wealth. A great desire to live better than peers leads to the creation of a high income. But for this you need to work for yourself and on yourself.
What gives network marketing to youth:
1. Additional income that can be obtained from the sale of the company's products. If girls or boys do not want to delve into the complexities of network marketing, they just do sales. Having many relatives and acquaintances, you can create a good additional income, which can reach up to 10,000 rubles a month. Of course, you need to devote some of your personal time to this: find customers, travel to them, bring a catalog of goods and products.
After some time, such monotonous work begins to bother, because. a person does not see a life goal in front of him. What is he doing this for? For an extra thousand? After a few months, young people give up selling unless they buy for themselves. There remains a negative attitude: they promised big money, but they had to work hard for "penny".
2. Income from team turnover. Network Marketing and Youth
The essence of the network marketing business is not in large individual sales, but in the creation of a structure of consumers and sellers, which gives a large turnover. It is from him that the company pays interest, which constitutes a significant income of MLM entrepreneurs. Young men and women who have seriously decided to make a career in this business begin to create such teams, invite their friends, relatives, acquaintances and strangers to the MLM company.
Everyone knows that in network marketing there is no quick money from the turnover of the team, because. it still needs to be created. But on the other hand, this income becomes quite high and stable if you make the right efforts. Only training allows you to form the mindset of a rich person, which is an indispensable condition for success in any business. Attending training events forms the skills and abilities necessary for work, which make it possible to achieve serious results. After all, entire schools have now been created to train beginners. That. Whoever takes advantage of this opportunity is successful.
3. Passive income in MLM business
Why is network marketing called an investment business? Once done, the work will bring a constant income for many years. What is it? Cultivating leaders in your team Leading them to the result and gives this passive income. The company pays additional bonuses for the success of your leaders. But such leaders can be trained innumerable. Hence the fabulous profits that seem out of reach of today's youth. It just needs to work right.
4. Personal development in MLM business
Communication with successful and experienced people, reading books on the psychology of success changes the minds of the younger generation. A person develops personality traits that allow him to be successful: purposefulness, responsibility, determination, capacity, creative activity. How the youth of today lack this! How many lazy, passive young people loitering around the streets with a can of beer! They live one day, without dreams and goals.
5. Financial literacy.
The economic knowledge of our population is very weak. Even if someone graduated from the Faculty of Economics, it is not a fact that he will be able to earn money. Our institutions don't teach you how to be rich and successful. I already wrote about this in the article “What is not taught in school”. Our population is educated to work for hire. It is impossible to become rich here. Here you need to change your thinking and understand some postulates: you work not for the sake of money, but money works for you. For this to be the case, some effort must be made (See the article The Rich Man's Mind).
6. Recognition.
I think everyone is pleased to receive flowers and gifts, to hear applause and exclamations of admiration. The realization of one's success fills the heart with happiness; wings appear, I want to do even more ... You feel like a significant person, and not a small cog in a huge state machine.
7. A secured future
Young people have every chance to create for themselves a full-fledged happy life, in which there is no place for need and poverty. After all, the whole life ahead, so much can be done! You can not depend on a pension and not work from morning to evening, but enjoy life. You need to take the right steps to achieve your dreams. You can safely look into your future, give a good education to your children, leave an inheritance to your grandchildren, give the most desirable toys and entertainment, not experience difficulties with housing and not huddle a young family with parents in a two-room apartment.
8. Travel.
Who doesn't love to travel? Yes, even at the expense of the company? Network marketing can give you this opportunity. With a good income, you can go wherever you want.
9. A real profitable business
Money, as K. Balmont said, is ringing opportunities. With a real business, you can have many opportunities without needing anything. A business that can be inherited by your child is not the most important opportunity? Why do all this? For your future! Moreover, now you can create a business on the Internet. There are special technologies and business tools for this.
Some MLM companies value young people very much and make every effort to train and develop them. Even youth movements are being created, where young men and women form communities with the same people who want to change their lives along with network marketing. Educational events, competitions, youth parties, seminars and trainings help to gain success, self-confidence, learn how to work correctly and get great money.
A lot of very successful young entrepreneurs of the MLM business are known in Russia, and abroad as well. There are students among them, and even schoolchildren. Children can, but you are weak?
"The role of youth education in the modern world"
“We understand by education that which from childhood leads to virtue, forcing a person to passionately desire and strive to become a perfect citizen, able to justly obey or justly rule”Plato
Today's youth is the future of the country and the upbringing of the younger generation is one of the most important issues facing the state, and the future of our country depends on the level at which the upbringing of young people will be carried out. It is necessary to use all available resources to ensure that true values are in the first place in society. So that young people know and appreciate our centuries-old traditions, respect and love their relatives and friends.
Over the past fifteen years, we have observed the influence of many different factors that are obviously harmful to the mental and mental health of our fellow citizens, especially children. The youth of today is different from previous generations. They already have other values, customs, interests, hobbies, everything else. But she should never forget about the eternal universal human spiritual and moral values, without which the formation of a full-fledged personality is impossible. There are a lot of factors influencing the consciousness of a person, the formation of his personality, starting from what kind of parents he has and in what environment he lives and develops.
Youth issues are one of the most discursive and strategically important for the successful development of modern society.
The current situation in Russian society is characterized by a state of a certain ideological and worldview vacuum, when some social ideals and values are already a thing of the past, while others have not yet been formed.
The absence of ideals and goals in life negatively affects the development of young people, who are always critical of various kinds of ideals, even in a stable social situation, and on the other hand, they must have certain ideals and goals in order to carry out their personal development, especially in the field of professional development and citizenship.
The relevance of studying the value orientations of young people is primarily due to the problems of the formation and development of society, the need to preserve traditions and reproduce the normative rules of behavior.
The idea, proven by practice, that the components of the civil development of a person are labor, patriotic and moral education, began to be forgotten. But very soon it became clear that these directions in work with youth cannot be ignored. What happens to our youth at the beginning of the 21st century? What life values, social attitudes do young people prefer, what models do they focus on?
Studies have shown that the main values in life for young people are family, friends and health, followed by interesting work, money and justice (the value of the latter value is currently increasing). Religious faith closes the seven main life values.
It should be noted that the value orientations of young people have undergone noticeable changes in the last 30-40 years; especially when it comes to the importance of work.
In the media, the image of an honest worker, a leader in production, in general, any working person, has disappeared. Being a worker, a technician, an engineer has become unprestigious. There was a replacement of "heroes of labor" with "idols of consumption" (pop stars, comedians, parodists, astrologers, fashion journalists, sexologists, etc.).
An unfavorable factor in the modern value structure of young people is the lack of a clear connection between work and money. If in Soviet times this connection was weakened due to the manifestation of “leveling”, now it is completely absent. For some get "mad" money through adventures and manipulations, while others, literally working hard (sometimes at several jobs), have an inadequately small salary. Adolescents and young people capture this perfectly.
A person's value system is the "foundation" of his attitude to the world. Values are a relatively stable, socially determined selective attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual public goods.
Academician D.S. Likhachev, in an interview given by him shortly before his death, spoke about the hardening of people and the decline of culture all over the world and that he sees a way out of the situation in which our country found itself “in education with an educational bias. Everything must be done to save the younger generation from lack of spirituality and moral decline.” We are talking about creating a single educational and pedagogical socio-cultural space. It is clear that in such activities one cannot do without a significant number of specialists working with youth.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that in line with the youth policy and education of the younger generation, there is a lot of spiritual and moral work to be done to educate and socialize the younger generation, consolidate and rally the youth, all its groups, the whole society on the basis of patriotism and citizenship, the establishment of the principles of social justice and morality.
Many value orientations are formed precisely in adolescence, since young people are most susceptible to social and cultural changes in society. The value orientations of young people have largely changed in recent years due to the aggravation of the problem of their socialization.
Youth is the so-called middle ground between people. Youth plays a very important role in today's world. After all, this is a new generation, on which the future of all mankind depends. Young people need to be taught a lot, and if you educate young people correctly (and this is manifested in patriotic education, in studies and in holding public events, etc.), then they will become a reliable future. Today, in many countries, the education of young people is the main task.
One thing is certain, that it is the youth today that occupies a leading position among other groups, since it is the most educated. And it will be the intellectual resource of our country in the near future.
Studies on this issue are important for Russian society, as they show the social and cultural changes that are taking place among young people, and, consequently, in the country.
Bibliography:
1.Nikandrov N.D. "Spiritual values and education in modern Russia." - Pedagogy.-2008.
4. Vvedensky, V.N. Continuous professional education / V.N. Vvedensky // Social and humanitarian knowledge.
3. Vildanova, F.Z. Educational space as a source of students' self-development / F.Z. Vildanova // Applied Psychology. - 2002.
4. Semyonov, V.E. Value orientations of modern youth / V.E. Semenov // Sociological research. – 2007.
5. Sorokina N.D. Changes in education and the dynamics of students' life strategies / N.D. Sorokina// Sotsis. – 2003.
6. Tyukulmina, O.I. Problems of social work with youth: Textbook / OI Tyukulmina. - Tomsk: TPU, 2006.
7. Shcheglova, S.N. Peculiarities of adaptation of school teachers to informatization values / SN Shcheglova // Sotsis. - 2006.
8. Vashchilin, E.P. Creative youth of modern Russia: features of socialization / E.P. Vashchilin // Social and humanitarian knowledge. – 2003.
Application
Practical research
I conducted a survey of a small group of classmates. The questionnaire included 6 questions. The content of the question and the answers are shown below in the form of diagrams. The purpose of the questions is the modern attitude of young people to the issues of education, as well as to identify their value orientations.
1. Who has a greater influence on the upbringing of young people: family, society, and both?
2. Does modern society need the education of young people: yes, no?
3. Are modern youth well educated: yes, no?
4. Does the successful future of our country depend on the education of young people: yes, no?
5. What methods can be used to improve the education of young people: the creation of youth organizations, the involvement of the state in education, the involvement of educational institutions?
6. In what order would you place the following life values: family, friends, health, work, money, justice?
