Structures of a cargo cult in Melanesia. What are natural materials? What are the adherents of the cargo cult in Melanesia building from natural materials

09.04.2019

In this article you can find out all the answers in the game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for October 7, 2017 (10/07/2017). First, you can see the questions asked by the players by Dmitry Dibrov, and then all the correct answers in today's intellectual TV game "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" for 7.10.2017.

Questions to the first pair of players

Yuri Stoyanov and Igor Zolotovitsky (200,000 - 400,000 rubles)

1. What fate befell the teremok in the fairy tale of the same name?
2. What does the chorus of the song in the film by Svetlana Druzhinina call for for the midshipmen?
3. What button can not be found on the remote control of the cabin of a modern elevator?
4. What expression means the same as "to walk"?
5. What is stroganina made of?
6. In what operating mode of the washing machine is the centrifugal force especially important?
7. What phrase from the movie "Aladdin's Magic Lamp" became the name of the album of the group "Auktyon"?
8. Where do the sailors of the sailboat take their places on the command “Whistle everyone up!”?
9. Which of the four portraits in the foyer of the Taganka Theater was added by Lyubimov at the insistence of the district party committee?
10. The flag of which state is not tricolor?
11. Who can rightly be called a hereditary sculptor?
12. What is the name of the model of the human body - a visual aid for future doctors?
13. What was inside the first Easter egg made by Carl Faberge?

Questions to the second pair of players

Svetlana Zeynalova and Timur Solovyov (200,000 - 200,000 rubles)

1. What do people create on social networks?
2. Where, according to the catchphrase, does a road paved with good intentions lead?
3. What is used for sifting flour?
4. How to continue Pushkin’s line: “He forced himself to respect ...”?
5. What appeared this year for the first time in the history of the football Confederations Cup?
6. In what city is the unfinished Sagrada Familia located?
7. How does the line of a popular song end: “The leaves were falling, and the blizzard was chalk ...”?
8. What kind of creativity did Arkady Velyurov do in the film "Pokrovsky Gates"?
9. The addition of what, as it is believed, should the fat woman plant contribute?
10. What did Parisians see in 1983 thanks to Pierre Cardin?
11. Who killed the huge serpent Python?
12. What was the rank of 50 Swiss francs in 2016?
13. What are the adherents of the cargo cult in Melanesia building from natural materials?

Answers to the questions of the first pair of players

  1. fell apart
  2. keep your chin up
  3. "Go!"
  4. on my own two
  5. salmon
  6. spin
  7. "All is calm in Baghdad"
  8. on the upper deck
  9. Konstantin Stanislavsky
  10. Albania
  11. Alexandra Rukavishnikova
  12. phantom
  13. golden hen

Answers to the questions of the second pair of players

  1. profile
  2. And I couldn't think of a better one.
  3. video replays for judges
  4. in Barcelona
  5. Where were you?
  6. sang verses
  7. money
  8. performance "Juno and Avos"
  9. Apollo
  10. the most beautiful
  11. runways

cargo cult or cargo cult(worship of the cargo), as well as the "religion of airplane worshipers" or "the cult of the Gifts of Heaven" - a term used to describe a group of religious movements in Melanesia. Cargo cults believe that Western goods ( cargo, English cargo) are created by ancestral spirits and intended for the Melanesian people. It is believed that white people have dishonestly gained control of these items. In cargo cults, rituals similar to the actions of white people are performed to increase these items. Cult members usually do not fully understand the significance of manufacturing or commerce. Their understanding of Western society, religion, and economics can be partial and fragmented.



The most famous cargo cults build replicas of runways, airports, and radio towers out of coconut palms and straw. Cult members build them in the belief that these structures will attract transport planes (considered to be messengers of spirits) filled with cargo (cargo). Believers regularly conduct drills and similar military marches, using branches instead of rifles and drawing on the body of the order and the inscription "USA".




In order to get cargo and see parachutes falling, planes arriving or ships arriving, the islanders imitated the actions of soldiers, sailors and airmen. They made earphones out of wood and put them on their ears while they were in control towers built out of wood. They acted as landing signals from a wooden runway. They lit torches to illuminate these lanes and beacons. The cultists believed that foreigners had a special bond with their ancestors, who were the only beings who could produce such riches.

The islanders built life-size wood planes, runways to attract planes. In the end, since this did not result in the return of the divine planes with amazing cargo, they completely abandoned their previous religious beliefs that existed before the war, and began to worship airfields and planes more carefully.



Over the past 75 years, most cargo cults have disappeared. The cult of John Frum - from "John from (America)" - is still preserved on the island of Tanna (Vanuatu). The priests of the John Frum cult claim to communicate with their messiah "on the radio" with the help of a woman with wires wrapped around her waist, who falls into a trance and begins to utter incomprehensible words, then interpreted by the priest.



The term became widely known in part due to a speech given by physicist Richard Feynman at the California Institute of Technology titled "The Science of Aircraft Worshipers". In his speech, Feynman noted that airplane fans recreate the appearance of the airfield, down to headphones with "antennas" made of bamboo sticks, but the planes do not land. Feynman argued that some scientists often conduct research that has all the trappings of real science, but in reality amounts to pseudoscience, unworthy of either support or respect. The analogy can easily be transferred to the realm of culture. The Russian mathematician and publicist Mikhail Verbitsky compares attempts to build social institutions in post-Soviet Russia that copy Western ones with the cargo cult.

The post was prepared based on materials from the sites: nashizdat.com aviaforum.ru wikipedia.org

Natural construction is based on the use of natural materials. Here is a suitable definition of natural materials - these are materials that have not been subjected to industrial processing. But in your home there will still be materials that have been processed to some extent. Unless you find a hole in the ground or an empty tree and live in it. Beavers strip branches and then cement them with clay, bees and wasps make honeycomb wax and “paper” for their shelter, many birds build nests using complex combinations, for example, of straw, clay, sticks and feathers.

The difference between the processing of natural materials by animals and humans is the key to a good definition of natural materials. When animals process natural materials to build their shelters, they treat each part of the component as if it were a separate entity. Their work celebrates the diversity of the universe. They collect heterogeneous materials with their beaks or paws and form complex structures from them. People take the same separate different materials and give them monotony. These natural materials become raw materials for the same type of industrial processing.

Therefore, we can define natural materials as materials that, even after processing, retain their basic essence. Natural materials must be respected by using them as they exist in nature.

Wood remains a natural material even after it has been sawn down, even if it has been sawn down with a chainsaw, even if it has been sawn into pieces, even if it has been split or chopped into square pieces with a hand tool. Each tree thus used is respected as an individual organism. If a tree is sawn into planks with the same chainsaw, it is still natural to some extent, there is an element of personal participation, an element of response to specific circumstances and thus, there is a creative choice. The naturalness of a tree is significantly reduced when it is taken away from the sawmill in a large truck.

Almost any modern building, although, in general, and natural, requires some materials that are processed in an unnatural way. It is difficult to build a solar collector without glass. Even adobe, which is made entirely from natural materials, undergoes industrial processing to some extent if mechanically made straw sheaves are used. There are no hard differences, but processing goes through several stages and each of them exponentially removes material from Nature and increases responsibility.

Raw and non-combined materials

The list of raw materials for the construction of truly natural buildings is quite short. There is a clear division into biological and geological materials. We snatch biological materials from their cycle of growth, reproduction, decline and decay. We borrow geological materials from the earth, these materials do not grow and decay extremely slowly. Unlike biological materials, geological materials are not eaten by animals or insects. Life has almost no effect on them. Stones and clay are well tolerated by heat, low humidity or high dampness, which cannot be said about straw or wood. Fungus, bacteria, or insects eat wet biological materials, and dry heat causes wood frames and thatched roofs to dry out and crack.

In the construction of a house from natural materials, we use various building materials. These are stone, crushed stone, sand, clay, water, various herbs, reeds, straw, cheret, sedge, floor and trees. In the diagram (p. 7) they are shown in sequence with water, geologically on a descending scale, biologically on an ascending scale. Water connects the two components. Add small materials to this list: natural resins, resin, peel,

Wax, animal and vegetable fats, wool, skins, etc.

This is a complete palette of basic materials as well as a palette of tones. And yet the possible combinations of these basic materials are almost finished. We are still very far from the final result of compiling possible combinations even of the three elements of adobe - sand, clay and straw. Due to the constant desire to industrialize everything for profit, our society neglects even the simplest experiments with raw materials.

Primary and secondary processing

Primary processing has been part of the folk tradition for thousands of years. After primary processing, the material remains a separate element: square and shaped stone, baked clay tiles and bricks, lime, processed boards, sand melted into glass, sheaves of straw, iron nails, linseed oil.

A huge conceptual leap takes us to secondary processing, where elements are combined into synthetic amalgams that do not exist in nature. They are relatively slow to break down or break down into toxic offal. These are aluminum alloys, stainless steel, plastics, most preservatives, paints, varnishes, particle board, and mainly cement.

Materials combined in an unnatural way cause the deepest anxiety and fear. Because we don't have a proven genetic resistance to the damaging effects of material we didn't evolve with. While we have developed such a reaction to the natural chemical and physical combinations of our habitat. And, if for two generations we suddenly have to deal with pentachlorophenol, formaldehyde or dioxin, our body does not have a prepared defense, and we can easily get poisoned. It must be understood that any synthetic material is likely to be toxic to some degree to all life forms.

Assembly of components

Pre-assembled units are a quantum leap, not in a chemical but
socially, even after recycling. Natural materials offer us the opportunity to respect them and work with their different qualities, to see the texture, scale, color, strength and uniqueness. In the case of ready-made components, the main choice was made for us. We buy ready-made windows, doors, plastic kitchens. Prefabricated houses, mobile homes, are the highest achievement.

Since there is no incentive and strong desire to solve a difficult problem on our own, we are forced to constantly adapt to a variety of materials, simplifying everything to the point of absurdity. In the end, we become apathetic and inattentive, deprived of feelings due to boredom, squandering the priceless sharpness of perception of the world, which necessarily arises only during active creativity.

Natural materials, unlike pre-prepared components, are magnificent in their pristine beauty given to them by God. In this form, they fully reveal the structure of the building, demonstrate the miracle of resisting the force of gravity and exalt each individual component.



Similar articles