24. Vasily Shuisky was a descendant of Rurik not in a direct royal line, so the last Rurik on the throne is still considered the son of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor Ioannovich.
25. The adoption by Ivan III of the double-headed eagle as a heraldic sign is usually associated with the influence of his wife Sophia Paleolog, but this is not the only version of the origin of the coat of arms. Perhaps it was borrowed from the heraldry of the Habsburgs, or from the Golden Horde, who used the double-headed eagle on some coins. Today, the double-headed eagle is on the emblems of six European states.
26. Among the modern “Rurikovichs” there is the now living “Emperor of Holy Russia and the Third Rome”, he has the “New Church of Holy Russia”, “Cabinet of Ministers”, “State Duma”, “Supreme Court”, “Central Bank”, “ Plenipotentiary Ambassadors”, “National Guard”.
27. Otto von Bismarck was a descendant of the Ruriks. His distant relatives were Anna Yaroslavovna.
28. The first American President George Washington was also Rurikovich. In addition to him, 20 more US presidents were descended from Rurik. Including father and son Bush.
29. One of the last Rurikovichs, Ivan the Terrible, on his father came from the Moscow branch of the dynasty, and on his mother - from the Tatar temnik Mamai.
30. Lady Diana was related to Rurik through the Kievan princess Dobronega, daughter of Saint Vladimir, who married the Polish prince Casimir the Restorer.
31. Alexander Pushkin, if you look at his genealogy, is Rurikovich through his great-grandmother Sarah Rzhevskaya.
32. After the death of Fyodor Ioannovich, only his youngest - Moscow - branch was cut short. But the male offspring of other Rurikoviches (former appanage princes) had already acquired surnames by that time: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shuisky, Shcherbatov ...
33. The last chancellor of the Russian Empire, the great Russian diplomat of the 19th century, friend of Pushkin and comrade of Bismarck, Alexander Gorchakov was born into an old noble family descended from Yaroslavl Rurik princes.
34. 24 Prime Ministers of Great Britain were Rurikovich. Including Winston Churchill. Anna Yaroslavna was his great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother.
35. One of the most cunning politicians of the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu, also had Russian roots - again through Anna Yaroslavna.
36. In 2007, the historian Murtazaliev argued that the Ruriks were Chechens. “The Rus were not just anyone, but Chechens. It turns out that Rurik and his squad, if they really are from the Varangian tribe of Rus, then they are purebred Chechens, moreover, from the royal family and speaking their native Chechen language.
37. Alexandre Dumas, who immortalized Richelieu, was also a Rurikovich. His great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother was Zbyslava Svyatopolkovna, the daughter of the Grand Duke Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, who was married off to the Polish King Boleslav Krivousty.
38. The Prime Minister of Russia from March to July 1917 was Grigory Lvov, a representative of the Rurik branch, coming from Prince Lev Danilovich, nicknamed Zubaty, a descendant of Rurik in the 18th generation.
39. Ivan IV was not the only "terrible" king in the Rurik dynasty. “Terrible” was also called his grandfather, Ivan III, who, in addition, also had the nicknames “justice” and “great”. As a result, the nickname “great” was assigned to Ivan III, and his grandson became “terrible”.
40. "Father of NASA" Wernher von Braun was also Rurikovich. His mother was Baroness Emmy, née von Quistorn.
The rule of the Rurik dynasty began with the unification of disparate lands into a single state. Although it was too early to talk about the final formation of the current borders of Russia, the foundations of statehood were laid by the Grand Dukes. Each individual sovereign left his important contribution to the historical past.
Oleg Rurikovich Prophetic
His reign began in 879 after the death of Prince Rurik. The activity of this prince was aimed at strengthening the state, expanding borders. He was able to lay the foundations that guided all subsequent princes. Among the achievements of the prince were the following acts:
created a strong army from various tribes of the Ilmen Slavs, Krivichi, and partly Finnish tribes;
annexed the lands of Smolensk and Lyubich;
captured Kyiv, making it his capital;
directed efforts to strengthen the city;
built a network of outposts along the borders of their territories;
expanded influence along the coast of the Dnieper, Bug, Dniester and Sozh.
Igor Rurikovich
Having taken the throne of the dynasty, he was able to keep the legacy. After the death of Oleg, many lands tried to get out of the power of Kyiv. Igor not only suppressed these attempts, but also expanded the borders of the state. Among his achievements are:
defeated the Pechenegs, driving them out of their territories;
cleared the passage "from the Varangians to the Greeks";
built the first fleet;
concluded a number of peace agreements with the nomads.
Duchess Olga
The reign of the princess was distinguished by progressive conduct of business. She was engaged in expanding the influence of the state among civilized countries. She was the founder of the educational movement in her native lands. During the reign of Olga, reforms were carried out:
from 945 introduced a fixed amount of dues;
laid the foundation for taxation;
carried out the administrative-territorial division of the lands of Novgorod;
established and strengthened ties with the Byzantine Empire.
Svyatoslav Rurikovich
One of the progressive figures of the dynasty, he was able to carry out many successful military actions. His activities were aimed at alienating the territories previously occupied by the Tatar-Mongol Khanate. He reformed the property law. Poimom this was known for deeds:
laid the viceroy system;
developed a system of local self-government;
expanded territory in the East.
Vladimir Monomakh
Under the prince rule of Rurikovich, a clear state was formed. His system of influence on domestic politics was marked by the formation of a feudal social order. The system of relations between different administrative territories built by Monomakh contributed to the strengthening of statehood:
established relationships with neighboring princes;
transferred the main title of Grand Duke to the brother of Svyatopolk 2 Izyaslavovich;
regulated the rules of contract law;
strengthened the economic and political significance of Rus';
invested money and efforts in the development of science and culture.
Yury Dolgoruky
A bright representative of the dynasty, he led the principality with a firm hand. Participated in many internecine wars. Thanks to his strategic mindset, he was able to expand his influence in the Russian lands. The following achievements are attributed to the period of his reign:
founded Moscow;
led an active creative activity;
engaged in the arrangement of urban settlements;
erected new churches;
actively defended the interests of its citizens.
Andrey Bogolyubsky
The reign of the prince was marked by active political and social activity. Continuing the work of his father, he was engaged in the arrangement of territories. He built the strengthening of power through an honest and competent distribution of resources and human resources. During the period of his reign was committed:
foundation of the city of Bogolyub;
moved the capital to Vladimir;
subjugated vast territories;
won significant political influence in the northeastern lands.
Vsevolod Big Nest
He held a princely post in the Vladimir-Suzdal lands, strengthened the position of the dynasty. He showed himself as a skilled politician, a subtle strategist. Among his deeds are:
made companies in Mordva;
from 1183-1185 he organized military marches against Bulgaria;
united various princes in the fight against the Polovtsians;
gained control in Vladimir
built economic and political relations with Kiev;
conquered the Novgorod territories.
Vasily 2
The reign of this prince was marked by numerous agreements with Lithuania, the Polovtsians. Thanks to this, the state received a short respite between wars. Among the heirs of the Rurikovich, he was distinguished by a special talent for establishing diplomatic ties:
strengthened power in the Grand Duchy;
united Moscow lands;
glorified Novgorod, Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod, Vyatka land, Pskov principalities;
contributed to the election of the first Russian bishop John;
laid the foundation for the independence of the Russian Church.
Ivan 3
The first of the Rurikovichs who combined various laws of national law into a single code. He devoted all his strength to this work, which eventually served as the appearance of the Sudebnik Ivan 3. Collected in one document, all the rules of law were analyzed. Structured knowledge helped solve the problem of constant claims in various contentious issues. Thanks to this work, he managed to unite all the lands of the state into a single whole.
Vasily 3
The successor of the Rurikovich cause, sought to strengthen the state. The ice-covered lands under his rule were defeated by the reformations. Under his rule, the lands were annexed:
Ryazan;
Pskov;
Novgorod-Seversk principality;
Smolensk;
Starodub principality.
During the reign of Vasily 3, the rights of boyar families were significantly limited.
Ivan groznyj
The brightest representative of the dynasty, the last of the reigning Ruriks. He was famous for his tough temper, but he was distinguished by high political talents. The reforms of Ivan the Terrible had a strong impact on statehood. He laid the foundation for a strong country, denied the boyar families the right to dispose of the treasury for their own purposes. His reforms include:
a new set of regulations;
introduced a system of punishments for boyar families;
pursued bribery in the clergy;
introduced a system for receiving complaints addressed to the king from the population;
affected taxation;
centralized local government.
In March 1584, after a serious illness, one of the most merciless rulers of the Russian state, Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible, died. Ironically, his heir turned out to be the exact opposite of his tyrant father. He was a meek, pious man and suffered from dementia, for which he even received the nickname Blessed ...
A blissful smile never left his face, and in general, although he was distinguished by extreme simplicity and imbecility, he was very affectionate, quiet, merciful and pious. He spent most of the day in church, and as entertainment he liked to watch fistfights, jesters' fun and fun with bears ...
Born for the cell
Fedor was the third son of Ivan the Terrible. He was born on May 11, 1557, and on that day the happy tsar ordered the foundation of a temple in honor of the heavenly patron of the son of St. Theodore Stratilat in the Feodorovsky Monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky.
It soon became clear that the boy, as they say, "is not of this world." Looking at his growing son, Ivan the Terrible even once remarked:
- He was born more for a cell and a cave than for sovereign power.
Fyodor was small, plump, weak, pale-faced, with an unsteady gait and a blissful smile constantly wandering on his face.
Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich
In 1580, when the prince was 23 years old, Ivan IV decided to marry him. At that time, brides for royal people were chosen at special bridesmaids, for which girls from the most noble families came to the capital from all over the state.
In the case of Fedor, this tradition was broken. Grozny personally chose his wife - Irina, the sister of his favorite former guardsman Boris Godunov. However, the marriage turned out to be happy, since Fedor adored his wife until his death.
The only contender
Despite the fact that Fedor was completely unsuited to become the head of state, after the death of Ivan the Terrible, he turned out to be the only contender for the throne. Two of the king's sons, Dmitry and Vasily, died in infancy.
A worthy successor to Ivan the Terrible could be the second son, the namesake of his father, Tsarevich Ivan, who helped his father to rule and participated in military campaigns with him. Yes, only he died unexpectedly three years before the death of Ivan IV, leaving no offspring. There were rumors that in anger, without wanting it, the king killed him.
Another son, who, like the one who died in infancy, was named Dmitry, was not even two years old by the time of Grozny's death, of course, he still could not accept power. There was nothing left to do but place the 27-year-old blessed Fyodor on the throne.
Realizing that his son was not capable of ruling, Ivan the Terrible, before his death, managed to appoint a regency council to govern the state. It included Grozny's cousin Ivan Mstislavsky, the illustrious military leader Prince Ivan Shuisky, the tsar's favorite Bogdan Belsky, and Nikita Zakharyin-Yuriev, the brother of Ivan IV's first wife.
However, there was one more person, although not included in the number of regents of the new blessed tsar, but also thirsty for power - Boris Godunov.
Council power
The reign of the regency council began with repression. Ivan the Terrible died on March 18, 1584, and the very next night the Supreme Duma dealt with all the former tsar's associates objectionable to the new government: some were imprisoned, others were expelled from Moscow.
Meanwhile, a rumor swept through the capital that Ivan the Terrible did not die a natural death. It was rumored that Bogdan Belsky poisoned him! Now the villain, being Fyodor's regent, wants to exterminate his son in order to put his best friend, 32-year-old Boris Godunov, on the throne.
Portrait of Boris Godunov
A rebellion broke out in Moscow. It got to the point that the rebels laid siege to the Kremlin and even rolled up cannons, intending to take it by storm.
- Give us the villain Belsky! the people demanded.
The nobles knew that Belsky was innocent, however, in order to avoid bloodshed, they convinced the "traitor" to leave Moscow. When the people were informed that the criminal had been expelled from the capital, the rebellion ceased. Nobody began to demand the head of Godunov. Still, he was the brother of the queen herself!
Fedor was horrified at the sight of a popular uprising. He sought support and found it - next to him was Boris, the brother of his beloved wife Irina, who, without any malicious intent, contributed to his friendship with the young tsar. Soon Boris became perhaps the main figure in the state.
"God's Man"
On May 31, 1584, as soon as the six-week prayer service for the repose of the soul of Ivan IV ended, Fedor was crowned king. On this day, at dawn, a terrible storm with a thunderstorm suddenly hit Moscow, after which the sun suddenly shone again. Many regarded this as "an omen of future disasters."
The regency council appointed by Ivan the Terrible was in power for a short time. Shortly after the flight of the first regent Belsky, Nikita Zakharyin-Yuriev fell seriously ill. He retired and died a year later. The third regent, Prince Ivan Mstislavsky, contacted the conspirators, dissatisfied with Godunov's rise.
Alexei Kivshenko "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich puts a golden chain on Boris Godunov." 19th century painting
Mstislavsky agreed to lure Boris into a trap: invite him to a feast, but in fact bring him to assassins. Yes, as soon as the plot was revealed, and Prince Mstislavsky was exiled to a monastery, where he was forcibly tonsured a monk.
So, of the regents appointed by Ivan IV, only one remained - Prince Ivan Shuisky. However, he did not have much power. By that time, everyone understood that only Godunov, who was already openly called the ruler, was at the head of the state.
And what about the king? Ascension to the throne did not affect Fedor's attitude to state affairs. He "avoided worldly fuss and dokuki", relying entirely on Godunov. If someone addressed a petition directly to the tsar, he sent the petitioner all to the same Boris.
Tsar Fedor Ioannovich. Sculptural reconstruction of the skull.
The emperor himself spent his time in prayers, walked around the monasteries on foot, and received only monks. Fyodor loved the bell ringing and was sometimes seen personally ringing the bell tower.
Sometimes in the character of Fyodor, the features of his father were still traced - despite his piety, he liked the contemplation of bloody games: he liked to watch fistfights and fights between people and bears. However, the people loved their blessed tsar, because in Rus' the feeble-minded were considered sinless, "God's people."
Childless Irina
Years passed, and hatred for Godunov, who had usurped power, grew more and more in the capital.
- Boris left Fedor only the title of king! - both the nobility and ordinary citizens grumbled.
It was clear to everyone that Godunov occupied such a high position only thanks to his relationship with the tsar's wife.
“Let’s remove the sister, we’ll remove the brother as well,” Boris’s opponents decided.
Moreover, Irina herself did not suit many. After all, she did not sit in the tower with folded arms, as a queen should be, but like her brother, she was engaged in state affairs: she received ambassadors, corresponded with foreign monarchs, and even participated in meetings of the Boyar Duma.
However, Irina had a serious drawback - she could not give birth in any way. During the years of marriage, she became pregnant several times, but she could not bear the child. This fact and decided to use the opponents of the Godunovs.
The wife of the most quiet and humble Russian Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, Tsarina Irina Fedorovna Godunova.
In 1586, a petition was delivered to the palace: “ Sovereign, for the sake of childbearing, accept a second marriage, and let your first queen go to the monastic rank". This paper was signed by many boyars, merchants, civil and military officials. They asked to send childless Irina to a monastery, as his father had done with one of his childless wives.
The Moscow nobles even picked up a new bride they liked for the tsar - the daughter of Prince Ivan Mstislavsky, the very regent whom Godunov exiled to a monastery. However, Fedor flatly refused to part with his beloved wife.
Godunov was furious at this news. He quickly revealed the names of those who were plotting evil. As it turned out, the conspiracy was headed by the last of the royal regents, Prince Ivan Shuisky, as well as his relatives and friends. As a result, not Irina, but her opponents were forcibly sent to the monastery.
End of the line
Meanwhile, another heir to Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Dmitry, was growing up in Uglich. It was he who should have taken power if Fedor did not have children.
And suddenly, in 1591, a tragedy occurred. Eight-year-old Dmitry played with his friends “poke” - they threw a sharp nail into the ground from behind the line. As eyewitnesses later claimed, when the turn came to the prince, he had an epileptic attack, and he accidentally hit himself in the throat with a nail. The wound proved fatal.
Since then, Fedor has remained the last of his family. And since, apart from Irina, he refused to accept another woman, all the hope of the state was on her. A year after the death of Tsarevich Dmitry, she still managed to give birth to a child, however, not an heir, but an heiress.
The granddaughter of Ivan IV was named Theodosia. However, she did not live long. Blessed Fyodor never had any other children. Therefore, when at the end of 1597 the 40-year-old tsar fell seriously ill and died in January of the following year, the famous family of Moscow rulers was interrupted along with his departure.
Thus ended the rule of the Rurik dynasty, which ruled Rus' for 736 years.
Oleg GOROSOV
- The Ruriks ruled for 748 years - from 862 to 1610.
- Almost nothing is known for certain about the founder of the dynasty - Rurik.
- Until the 15th century, none of the Russian tsars called themselves "Rurik". A scientific debate about the personality of Rurik began only in the 18th century.
- The common ancestors of all Rurikoviches are: Rurik himself, his son Igor, grandson Svyatoslav Igorevich and great-grandson Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
- The use of a patronymic in Rus' as part of a generic name is a confirmation of the relationship of a person with his father. Noble and ordinary people called themselves, for example, "Mikhail, Petrov's son." It was considered a special privilege to add the ending “-ich” to the patronymic, which was allowed for people with a high origin. So called Rurik, - for example, Svyatopolk Izyaslavich.
- St. Vladimir had 13 sons and at least 10 daughters from different women.
- Ancient Russian chronicles began to be compiled 200 years after the death of Rurik and a century after the baptism of Rus' (the appearance of writing) on the basis of oral traditions, Byzantine chronicles and the few existing documents.
- The most prominent statesmen from the Rurik dynasty were the Grand Dukes Vladimir the Holy, Yaroslav the Wise, Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky, Vsevolod the Big Nest, Alexander Nevsky, Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan the Third, Vasily the Third, Tsar Ivan the Terrible.
- For a long time, the name Ivan, having a Jewish origin, did not apply to the ruling dynasty, but starting from Ivan I (Kalita), four sovereigns from the Rurik dynasty were called by him.
- The symbol of the Ruriks was the tamga in the form of a diving falcon. The 19th-century historian Stapan Gedeonov associated the very name of Rurik with the word "Rerek" (or "Rarog"), which in the Slavic tribe of obodrites meant a falcon. During the excavations of the early settlements of the Rurik dynasty, many images of this bird were found.
- The genera of the Chernigov princes trace their origin from the three sons of Mikhail Vsevolodovich (great-great-grandson of Oleg Svyatoslavich) - Semyon, Yuri, Mstislav. Glukhovsky prince Semyon Mikhailovich became the ancestor of the princes Vorotynsky, Odoevsky. Prince of Tarusa Yuri Mikhailovich - Mezetsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky. Karachaevsky Mstislav Mikhailovich-Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky. Of the princes of Obolensky, later many princely families emerged, among which the most famous are the Shcherbatovs, Repnins, Serebryany, Dolgorukovs.
- Among the Russian models of the times of emigration were the princesses Nina and Mia Obolensky, girls from the most noble princely family of Obolensky, whose roots go back to the Rurikovichs.
- Rurikovich had to abandon dynastic preferences in favor of Christian names. Already Vladimir Svyatoslavovich was given the name Vasily at baptism, and Princess Olga - Elena.
- The tradition of a direct name originates in the early genealogy of the Rurikids, when the Grand Dukes bore both a pagan and a Christian name: Yaroslav-George (Wise) or Vladimir-Vasily (Monomakh).
- Karamzin counted from 1240 to 1462 200 wars and invasions in the history of Rus'.
- One of the first Rurikovichs, Svyatopolk the Accursed, became an anti-hero of Russian history because of the accusation of the murder of Boris and Gleb. However, today historians are inclined to believe that the great martyrs were killed by the soldiers of Yaroslav the Wise, since the great martyrs recognized Svyatoslav's right to the throne.
- The word "rosichi" is a neologism of the author of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". More this word as a self-designation of the Russian times of the Rurikovich is not found anywhere else.
- The remains of Yaroslav the Wise, whose research could answer the question of the origin of the Ruriks, disappeared without a trace.
- In the dynasty of Rurikovich there were two categories of names: Slavic two-basic - Yaropolk, Svyatoslav, Ostromir and Scandinavian - Olga, Gleb, Igor. The names were assigned a high status, and therefore they could belong exclusively to the grand ducal person. It was not until the 14th century that such names came into general use.
- Since the reign of Ivan III, the version of the origin of their dynasty from the Roman emperor Augustus has become popular among the Russian sovereigns-Rurikovich.
- In addition to Yuri, there were two more "Dolgoruky" in the Rurik family. This is the ancestor of the Vyazemsky princes, a descendant of Mstislav the Great, Andrey Vladimirovich Dolgaya Ruka and a descendant of St. Michael Vsevolodovich of Chernigov, Prince Ivan Andreevich Obolensky, nicknamed Dolgoruky, the ancestor of the Dolgorukov princes.
- A significant confusion in the identification of the Rurikovichs was introduced by the ladder order, in which, after the death of the Grand Duke, the Kiev table was occupied by his closest relative (and not son), the second in seniority relative, in turn, occupied the empty table of the first, and so all the princes moved by seniority to more prestigious tables.
- According to the results of genetic studies, it was suggested that Rurik belonged to the haplogroup N1c1. The area of \u200b\u200bsettlement of people of this haplogroup captures not only Sweden, but also the regions of modern Russia, the same Pskov and Novgorod, so the origin of Rurik is still unclear.
- Vasily Shuisky was a descendant of Rurik not in a direct royal line, so the last Rurik on the throne is still considered the son of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor Ioannovich.
- The adoption by Ivan III of the double-headed eagle as a heraldic sign is usually associated with the influence of his wife Sophia Paleolog, but this is not the only version of the origin of the coat of arms. Perhaps it was borrowed from the heraldry of the Habsburgs, or from the Golden Horde, who used the double-headed eagle on some coins. Today, the double-headed eagle is on the emblems of six European states.
- Among the modern “Rurikovichs” there is the now living “Emperor of Holy Russia and the Third Rome”, he has the “New Church of Holy Russia”, the “Cabinet of Ministers”, the “State Duma”, the “Supreme Court”, the “Central Bank”, “Plenipotentiary Ambassadors ", "National Guard".
- Otto von Bismarck was a descendant of the Ruriks. His distant relatives were Anna Yaroslavovna.
- The first American president, George Washington, was also Rurikovich. In addition to him, 20 more US presidents were descended from Rurik. Including father and son Bush.
- One of the last Rurikovichs, Ivan the Terrible, descended from the Moscow branch of the dynasty on his father, and on his mother - from the Tatar temnik Mamai.
- Lady Diana was related to Rurik through the Kievan princess Dobronega, daughter of Saint Vladimir, who married the Polish prince Casimir the Restorer.
- Alexander Pushkin, if you look at his genealogy, is Rurikovich through his great-grandmother Sarah Rzhevskaya.
- After the death of Fyodor Ioannovich, only his youngest - Moscow - branch was cut short. But the male offspring of other Rurikoviches (former appanage princes) had already acquired surnames by that time: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shuisky, Shcherbatov ...
- The last chancellor of the Russian Empire, the great Russian diplomat of the 19th century, friend of Pushkin and comrade of Bismarck, Alexander Gorchakov was born into an old noble family descended from the Rurik princes of Yaroslavl.
- Rurikovich were 24 prime ministers of Great Britain. Including Winston Churchill. Anna Yaroslavna was his great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother.
- One of the most cunning politicians of the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu, also had Russian roots - again through Anna Yaroslavna.
- In 2007, the historian Murtazaliev argued that the Ruriks were Chechens. “The Rus were not just anyone, but Chechens. It turns out that Rurik and his squad, if they really are from the Varangian tribe of Rus, then they are purebred Chechens, moreover, from the royal family and speaking their native Chechen language.
- Alexandre Dumas, who immortalized Richelieu, was also a Rurikovich. His great-great-great-great-great-great-grandmother was Zbyslava Svyatopolkovna, the daughter of the Grand Duke Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, who was married off to the Polish King Boleslav Krivousty.
- The Prime Minister of Russia from March to July 1917 was Grigory Lvov, a representative of the Rurik branch, coming from Prince Lev Danilovich, nicknamed Toothy, a descendant of Rurik in the 18th generation.
- Ivan IV was not the only "terrible" tsar in the Rurik dynasty. “Terrible” was also called his grandfather, Ivan III, who, in addition, also had the nicknames “justice” and “great”. As a result, the nickname “great” was assigned to Ivan III, and his grandson became “terrible”.
- "Father of NASA" Wernher von Braun was also Rurikovich. His mother was Baroness Emmy, née von Quistorn.
Which has almost twenty tribes of the rulers of Rus', descended from Rurik. This historical character was born presumably between 806 and 808 in the city of Rerik (Rarog). In 808, when Rurik was 1-2 years old, the possessions of his father, Godolub, were captured by the Danish king Gottfried, and the future Russian prince became half an orphan. Together with his mother Umila, he ended up in a foreign land. And his childhood years are not mentioned anywhere. It is assumed that he spent them in the Slavic lands. There is information that in 826 he arrived at the court of the Frankish king, where he received an allotment of land "beyond the Elbe", in fact the land of his murdered father, but as a vassal of the Frankish ruler. In the same period, Rurik, it is believed, was baptized. Later, after the deprivation of these allotments, Rurik entered the Varangian squad and fought in Europe, by no means as an exemplary Christian.
Prince Gostomysl saw the future dynasty in a dream
The Rurikoviches, whose genealogical tree was seen, as the legend says, in a dream by Rurik's grandfather (Umila's father), made a decisive contribution to the development of Rus' and the Russian state, as they ruled from 862 to 1598. The prophetic dream of old Gostomysl, the ruler of Novgorod, showed just that from the womb of his daughter a wonderful tree will sprout, which will satisfy the people in his lands. This was another "plus" in favor of inviting Rurik with his strong retinue at a time when civil strife was observed in the Novgorod lands, and the people were suffering from the attack of third-party tribes.
The foreign origin of Rurik can be disputed
Thus, it can be argued that the family tree of the Rurik dynasty did not begin with foreigners, but with a person who belonged to the Novgorod nobility by blood, who fought in other countries for many years, had his own squad and age acceptable for leading the people. At the time of Rurik's invitation to Novgorod in 862, he was about 50 years old - a fairly respectable age at that time.
Tree leaned on with Norway?
How did the genealogical tree of the Rurikoviches form further? A complete picture of this is given in the image given in the review. After the death of the first ruler of Rus' from this dynasty (that there were rulers in the Russian lands before him, the Book of Veles testifies), power passed to his son Igor. However, due to the young age of the new ruler, Oleg ("Prophetic"), who was the brother of Rurik's wife, Efanda, acted as his guardian, which is allowed. The latter was related to the kings of Norway.
Princess Olga was the co-ruler of Rus' under her son Svyatoslav
The only son of Rurik, Igor, who was born in 877 and killed by the Drevlyans in 945, is known for pacifying the tribes subordinate to him, went on a campaign to Italy (together with the Greek fleet), tried to take Constantinople with a flotilla of ten thousand ships, was the first military commander Rus, who encountered in battle and from whom he fled in horror. His wife, Princess Olga, who married Igor from Pskov (or Pleskov, which may indicate the Bulgarian city of Pliskuvot), cruelly avenged the Drevlyan tribes that killed her husband, and became the ruler of Rus' while Igor's son Svyatoslav was growing up. However, after the age of her offspring, Olga also remained the ruler, since Svyatoslav was mainly engaged in military campaigns and remained in history as a great commander and conqueror.
The family tree of the Rurik dynasty, in addition to the main ruling line, had many branches that became famous for unseemly deeds. For example, the son of Svyatoslav, Yaropolk, fought against his brother Oleg, who was killed in battle. His own son from a Byzantine princess, Svyatopolk the Accursed, was something like the biblical Cain, as he killed the sons of Vladimir (another son of Svyatoslav) - Boris and Gleb, who were his brothers by adoptive father. Another son of Vladimir - Yaroslav the Wise - dealt with Svyatopolk himself and became the prince of Kyiv.
Bloody civil strife and marriages with all of Europe
It can be safely asserted that the family tree of Rurikovich is partially “saturated” with bloody events. The scheme shows that the reigning from, presumably, a second marriage with Ingigerda (daughter of the Swedish king) had many children, including six sons who were rulers of various Russian destinies and married foreign princesses (Greek, Polish). And three daughters who became queens of Hungary, Sweden and France also by marriage. In addition, Yaroslav is credited with the presence of the seventh son from his first wife, who was taken into Polish captivity from Kiev (Anna, son of Ilya), as well as the daughter of Agatha, who, presumably, could be the wife of the heir to the throne of England, Edward (the Exile).
Perhaps the distance of the sisters and interstate marriages somewhat reduced the struggle for power in this generation of Rurikovich, since most of the reign of Yaroslav's son Izyaslav in Kiev was accompanied by a peaceful division of his power with the brothers Vsevolod and Svyatoslav (the triumvirate of Yaroslavovich). However, this ruler of Rus' also died in battle against his own nephews. And the father of the next famous ruler of the Russian state, Vladimir Monomakh, was Vsevolod, married to the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Constantine Monomakh the Ninth.
There were rulers with fourteen children in the Rurik family!
The Rurik family tree with dates shows us that this outstanding dynasty was continued for many years to come by the descendants of Vladimir Monomakh, while the genealogies of the other grandchildren of Yaroslav the Wise ceased in the next hundred to one hundred and fifty years. Prince Vladimir, historians believe, had twelve children by two wives, the first of whom was an English princess in exile, and the second, presumably, a Greek woman. Of this numerous offspring, reigning in Kyiv were: Mstislav (until 1125), Yaropolk, Vyacheslav and Yuri Vladimirovich (Dolgoruky). The latter was also distinguished by fertility and gave birth to fourteen children from two wives, including Vsevolod the Third (Big Nest), nicknamed so, again, for the large number of offspring - eight sons and four daughters.
What outstanding Rurikoviches are known to us? The family tree, extending further from Vsevolod the Big Nest, contains such eminent families as Alexander Nevsky (grandson of Vsevolod, son of Yaroslav II), Michael the Second Saint (canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in connection with the incorruptibility of the relics of the murdered prince), John Kalita, who gave birth to John the Meek , who, in turn, was born Dmitry Donskoy.
Terrible representatives of the dynasty
The Rurikoviches, whose genealogical tree ceased to exist at the end of the 16th century (1598), included in their ranks the great Tsar John the Fourth, the Terrible. This ruler strengthened autocratic power and significantly expanded the territory of Rus' by annexing the Trans-Volga, Pyatigorsk, Siberian, Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms. He had eight wives, who bore him five sons and three daughters, including his successor on the throne, Theodore (Blessed). This son of John was, as expected, weak in health and perhaps in intellect. He was more interested in prayers, the ringing of bells, the tales of jesters, than power. Therefore, during his reign, power belonged to his brother-in-law, Boris Godunov. And subsequently, after the death of Fedor, they completely passed to this statesman.
Was the first of the reigning Romanovs a relative of the last Rurikovich?
The family tree of the Rurikids and the Romanovs, however, has some points of contact, despite the fact that the only daughter of Theodore the Blessed died at the age of 9 months, around 1592-1594. Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, the first of a new dynasty, was crowned in 1613 by the Zemsky Sobor, and came from the family of the boyar Fyodor Romanov (later Patriarch Filaret) and the boyar Xenia Shestova. He was a cousin-nephew (to Blessed), so we can say that the Romanov dynasty to some extent continues the Rurik dynasty.
