Du and daz in interrogative sentences. Do is the main verb of the English language! do, did, does…

One of the key grammatical themes is precisely, and this is quite logical, since the verbto do takes a direct part in the formation of basic English tenses. In addition, it can perform as many as two functions in a sentence - being an auxiliary verb (not translated in any way) and semantic (in the meaning of "do").

How is the use of do did does different in English?

Let's try to figure out what's different use of do did does in English. All three options are forms to do, but are applied in different cases. Pay attention to the examples.

That is use of do did does in English depends on the tense, the type of sentence, and the person doing the action in the situation you're talking about.

The use of do in English. Rules

As for the rules themselves use of do in English, then they are next.

1. The use of do in English as a semantic verb.

Everything here depends on time. In the simple present tense, there are two forms of the verb to do, the choice of the right one is based on the person who performs the action. As a rule, for he, she, it use does, and for I and plural - do.

In the past tense, you just need to take did(verb form to do For past simple). Did suitable for all persons and numbers. We are definitely lucky here.

2. The use of do in English as an auxiliary verb.

To form a negation or a question in the simple present and past tenses, you again have to resort to do did. Pay attention to the examples:

That is, for negation in the simple present tense, you need don't (I, we, you, they) And doesn't (he, she, it), and for the question we have to endure do or does in front of the person who performs the action in the sentence. The same thing happens in the past tense, only there are fewer options. Didn't- for negation (all faces), did- for a question (we also take it out in front of the face).

The use of do and does in English. How not to get confused?

Sometimes use of do and does in English becomes a real problem. How not to get confused? Let's first look at possible errors.

1. She doesn't do any tasks (wrong! )

She doesn't do any tasks (right!)

Here doesn't already indicates negation and present tense, and do is a semantic verb

2. Does she does any tasks? (wrong! )

Does she do any tasks? (right!)

Does at the beginning indicated that this is a question and the present tense for she(3rd person, singular), that's enough

3.He didn't did it's better (wrong! )

He didn't do it's better (right!)

After the auxiliary verb, it is important to use the infinitive without to

The secret is that the auxiliary verb must be followed by the initial form. That is, according to the rule, you cannot apply the ending

Auxiliary verbs are so called because they help form tenses and voices in English. The main auxiliary verbs in English are the verbs BE, DO and HAVE, each of which has its own forms, which we will discuss below. Auxiliary verbs are also sometimes referred to as modal verbs that do not change their form.

A feature of auxiliary verbs (except modal) is the absence of any meaning other than grammatical.

I have been to London. - I was in London. (The verb to have does not matter, but simply helps to build the Present Perfect tense)

So what are auxiliary verbs for?

• For the formation of times
• For the formation of interrogative and negative sentences.
• To form a passive voice
• To form a dividing question.

Auxiliary verbs for the formation of time.

Auxiliary verbs be / do / have / will are used to form tenses.

Let's look at the table of the use of auxiliary verbs in different tenses in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.

If you look closely at the table, you can draw the following conclusions about how auxiliary verbs work.

• The auxiliary verb do (does /did) is only used to form the Present Simple and Past Simple tenses.
• The auxiliary verb be (am / is / are / was / were / will be) is used only to form Continuous tenses.
• The auxiliary verb have (has / had) is used to form the tenses of the Perfect group
• The auxiliary verb will is used to form future tenses.

Knowing these 4 points, you can accurately determine which auxiliary verbs to use to form any tense. Take, for example, Future Perfect Continuous - for its formation we need as many as 3 auxiliary verbs:

• will (since this is the future),
• have (because it's perfect),
• been (form to be - as it is continuous).

Auxiliary verbs for the formation of negative and interrogative sentences.

The appropriate tense auxiliary verb with the particle not will help you build negative sentence. It is important to know that auxiliary verbs with the particle not can be written separately or together, forming a short form.

Consider the table:

To form an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb comes before the subject. If there is more than one auxiliary verb, only the first of them is placed before the subject, the rest come after the subject.

• Are are you playing tennis now?

• have have you ever played tennis?

• Will you be playing tennis at two o'clock tomorrow?

• why is he playing tennis now?

Thus, almost every interrogative sentence in English begins either with an auxiliary verb or with an interrogative word followed by an auxiliary verb. For information on how to make a sentence interrogative, read the article - Pay special attention to.

SUMMARY:

AuxiliaryBE.

As we said earlier, the auxiliary verb to be has 3 present tense forms (am / is / are), 2 past tense forms (was / were) and 1 future tense form (will be).

As an auxiliary verb to be is used:

• To form the times of the Continuous group.
• To form a passive voice.

Molly is reading a magazine. (Present Continuous)

Children were talking. (Past Continuous)

England were beaten by Germany in the final (Past Passive)

AuxiliaryHAVE.

Have (has / had) is used to form perfect tenses, as well as perfect forms of the passive voice.

• The judge has asked the witness to speak up. (Present Perfect)

• In some years, they will have established community gardens. (Future Perfect)

• I will have been asked by 3 oclock tomorrow (Future Perfect Passive)

AuxiliaryDo

The auxiliary verb do (does /did) is used to form negative and interrogative sentences in Present Simple (do /does) and Past Simple (did).

You will probably find it useful to perform and

The auxiliary verb do is sometimes used for emphasis in affirmative sentences.

He did look tired. He really looked tired.

You need to understand that the verbs be, have and do have a dual nature, if you like, lead a double life: they can be both auxiliary and semantic.

So, as a semantic verb, TO BE is translated - “ to be, to be, to be”

She was at home. - She was at home. (to be (was) is a semantic verb, has a lexical meaning and is translated into Russian)

She was crying. - She cried (to be (was) - an auxiliary verb, has no lexical meaning, not translated).

As a semantic verb TO DO translate “ do”, and to HAVE - “ have":

I did what I could. - I did what I could.

I have a cat. - I have a cat

Often in an English sentence you can find 2 identical verbs, one of which is semantic, and the second is auxiliary.

I had dinner before my mum came. (the first had is an auxiliary verb for the formation of the Past Perfect, the second had is the semantic verb “have dinner - have dinner / have dinner”).

Did you do what you could? (did - auxiliary, do - semantic)

Most often, it is translated into Russian as to have, to possess. But the direct meaning can be changed depending on how the given verb is combined with other words.

Verb have/has can be used as a semantic, auxiliary or modal verb.

But in any case, the rules for using have or has are the same.

Has used with 3rd person singular pronouns: he, she, it.
have used with all other pronouns - I, you, we, they.

Form had is the same for all pronouns.

Beyond the verb to have, in English there is a construction have got with the same meaning - to have. The difference between them is stylistic and grammatical. The stylistic difference is small - have got used mainly in colloquial speech and writing, and To Have in the official one.

The verb have got and has got in English

Which is correct to use in the question:
Is or does, are or do?

In order to put a question in English, in most cases you need to use either the verb to be(in forms am, is or are), or the verb to do (does for a third party). We figure out how not to make a mistake in the choice.

1. Action

If present verb => use an auxiliary verb to do (does).

2. Condition

If the sentence expresses a "state" => the appropriate form of the verb is used to be.

Understanding the rule is not enough. It is necessary to develop automaticity in the use of the correct verb. This free exercise simulator will help you with this (in additional exercises, the complexity increases).
There are 16 voiced phrases in the exercise:

• in the first block choose the option that exactly matches the voiced phrase;
• in the second block write the same phrases under dictation.

Listen and repeat ALOUD phrases in English after the announcer. Translation of phrases into Russian is given after the completion of each task (phrase).

• Add. exercise 2 - choose verb from the suggested options)
• Add. exercise (3 - write in verb)
• Add. exercise (4 - write phrases in English under dictation)

english.prolingvo.info

Verb to have: meaning and rules of use

Taking your first steps in learning English, you will definitely come across the verb to have. This verb has several functions, is an integral part of a huge number of expressions, turns and phrases. Its first meaning is "to have", "to possess", "to own". But a word can change meaning when used in combination with other lexical items. We will start with a simple one and consider two forms of the verb - have / has, the rule for their use and see how the verb to have and the verb have got differ from each other.

Lexical meaning of the verb to have

The main meaning of the word, as noted above, is “to have”, “to own”, however, when translating into Russian, the structure “(someone) has” is more often used.

• I have a delicious cake - I have a delicious cake.
• He has a new car - he has a new car.

In this sense, the verb can be replaced by an alternative construction have got with the same meaning.

• I have got a funny rabbit - I have a funny rabbit.
• He has got a small kitten - he has a small kitten.

Both a single verb and the have got construction are used when it comes to owning something, in particular, family ties and diseases.

In some set expressions (have a look, have breakfast, have a rest, etc.), the word got is not used.

Also, the verb to have changes its semantic meaning when it acts as a modal verb.

• We have to see him right now - we need to see him right now.
• You have to add some sugar - you need to add some sugar.

Grammatical forms of the verb to have

As you can see, in the examples above, the two forms alternate. So, when is it written have, and when is has?

The have form in English is used with the pronouns I, you, we, they (I, you, you, we, they), has - only with the pronouns he, she, it (he, she, it). But this rule does not apply in all tenses: in the future tense (Future Simple) after the auxiliary verb will in all persons put have.

Do and Does in English

When we first encounter verbs in English, each of us has certain difficulties with their conjugation. Just in case, let me remind you that conjugation is a change of a verb in persons, numbers and tenses. We, without hesitation, conjugate Russian verbs.

For example, the verb "see"

We are not at all embarrassed that in the first person (I), the root vowel changes from d to zh. We are used to this, we also need to get used to some of the peculiarities of the conjugation of English verbs.

In this article we will talk about the verb to do(do, perform an action).

As you may have guessed, do and does are forms of the verb to do in the Present Simple (i.e., the simple present).

rule very simple:

in 1st person singular and plural (I, we), as well as in the 2nd and 3rd person plural (you, they) → DO

third person singular (she/he/it) → DOES

More clearly, the conjugation of the verb to do is presented in the table.

Consider a few sentences with the verb do:

I do teaching for a living. (I make a living teaching.)

We do our job with pleasure. (We enjoy doing our job.)

You do the same thing every week. Why? (You do the same thing every week. Why?)

They do a lot of different things in their free time. (They do many different things in their free time.)

And sentences with the verb does:

He does exercise every morning. (He exercises every morning.)

She does her shopping every Wednesday. (She does shopping every Wednesday.)

We have a multi cooker. It does most of the cooking for us. (We have a slow cooker. She mostly prepares food for us.)

In general, this rule does not contradict the basic way of conjugation of verbs in English. Usually we add to the verb in the third person singular Present Simple - s.

I sit - He sit s (I'm sitting - He's sitting)

We live in Moscow - She live s in New York. (We live in Moscow - She lives in New York)

The same thing happens with do, only we add - es: I do-He do es .
According to the same model, the corresponding form of the verb to go is formed (I go - He go es ).

Naturally, as a subject there are not only pronouns (I / you / he, etc.), but also nouns (both proper and common nouns). If in doubt, mentally replace the noun with a pronoun.

Mary does the cooking (Mary cooks food). She does the cooking (She cooks food).

Mary and Kate do the shopping together (Mary and Kate go shopping together). They do the shopping together (They go shopping together).

Zoe likes to sing . She does it whenever she can. (Zoe loves to sing. She does it when she can)

Peter and Jack clean their room on Fridays . They do it every week. (Peter and Jack clean the room on Fridays. They do it every week).

Why is it important to learn verb conjugations? to do?

The verb to do is a meaningful verb. It will be easier for you to move forward in learning English if, after the first meeting with the verb do, you learn (or remember) its conjugation in the present simple.

• act as a semantic verb
  In principle, we have already seen in the examples above do as a semantic verb (i.e. the verb on which the main meaning of the sentence lies). Here are a few more examples:

could you do me a favor please? (Please do me a favor).

He does his homework every day. (Jy does his homework every day.)

In my family my mother does the cleaning. (In my family, my mother does the cleaning.)

• be an auxiliary verb(to form an interrogative or negative sentence)

An auxiliary verb is a verb that does not carry a semantic load, but is needed to build a grammatically correct construction.

In English, in Present Simple (and Past Simple), a general question (i.e., a question to which the answer is yes or no), as well as a negative sentence, are formed using the verb to do.

Question = do/does+subject + predicate (semantic verb)
Do they work hard? – Yes, they do. (Do they work a lot? - Yes.)

Do I know him? -

Does he watch TV every night? - No, he doesn't. (Does he watch TV every evening? - No.)

Does Mary eat apples? (Mary eats apples?)
The choice of the form of the verb, do or does, depends on the subject: with I, We, You, They - DO,

with He, She, It - DOES

Negation = subject + do not (don't)/does not (doesn't) + predicate (semantic verb)
I do not(don't) eat cakes. (I don't eat cake).

We don't like this film. (We didn't like this movie).

Peter and Mary don't want to go there. (Peter and Mary don't want to go there).

She doesn't playing tennis. (She doesn't play tennis).

Peter doesn't live in Paris. (Peter does not live in Paris).

The choice of the form of the verb, do or does, also depends on the subject: with I, We, You, They - DO NOT (DON'T), with He, She, It - DOES (DOESN'T)

*Don't / doesn't - abbreviated forms of do not / does not used in informal correspondence, as well as in the transmission of colloquial speech.

NB: Pay attention to the cases when the verb do acts both as a semantic and as an auxiliary.
I don’ t do it. (I am this Not do).

He doesn't’ t do it. (I am this Not does).
The underlined verb is an auxiliary (thanks to it, we formed a negative

sentence), highlighted in bold - semantic. If in question or negation in
do is used as a semantic verb, it always stands in the form do.

Wed I don't do it. (I am this Not do).
I don’ t like it. (I am this Not I love).

She doesn't do the shopping. (She Not does purchases).

It doesn't do him credit. (This Not does honor to him).

The situation is similar with interrogative sentences.

What do you do? (What do you do? / What do you do?)

What does he do? (What does he do?)

3) serve as a verb – substitute
To avoid tautology, the verb mentioned in the previous sentence can be

replace with the verb do.

Jane eats apples. She does it every day. (Jane eating apples. She does it's every day).

They work at hospital. They do it for free. (They work in hospital. They do This

4) underline or highlight what action

In some cases, you need to highlight the meaning of the verb. Sometimes this is done with the verb do. The rule of using do and does in this case remains the same, but the semantic verb does not change.

They do want to help you. (They really want can I help you).

He does need this job. (To him desperately need this job).

The use of have has in English

So what's special about use of have has in English? First, it's important to pay attention to what the subject is in your sentence. It is from this moment that it depends which form of the verb you need to apply. According to the grammar rules has only friends with he, she, it; A have- with all other persons and numbers.



Secondly, do not forget that in addition to statements, there are also questions with negatives. Today it is permissible in negation to simply add not to the corresponding form of the verb to have, and for the question, put the same form in front of the subject who has something in your sentence. Also, you can ask for help from do And does. For negations with he, she, it fit doesn't, and for all others don't. Take out in the question do or does(For he, she, it) in front of the subject.

In other words, the use have has in English is practically no different from other verbs in the present tense. It is only important to remember that there is a form has .

The use of have in English with examples

Like all the other rules use of have in English Better to remember with examples. This is what we will do right now!

One of the key grammatical themes is precisely, and this is quite logical, since the verbto do takes a direct part in the formation of basic English tenses. In addition, it can perform as many as two functions in a sentence - being an auxiliary verb (not translated in any way) and semantic (in the meaning of "do").

How is the use of do did does different in English?

Let's try to figure out what's different use of do did does in English. All three options are forms to do, but are applied in different cases. Pay attention to the examples.

example	translation	note
I do my homework in English every evening.	I do my English homework every evening.	simple present tense ( present simple), affirmative sentence; 1st person singular
Miranda does this better than you.	Miranda does it better than you.	simple present tense ( present simple), affirmative sentence; 3rd person singular
How often do they play tennis?	How often do they play tennis?	simple present tense ( present simple), interrogative sentence; 3rd person plural
We don't want to do that.	We don't want to do this.	simple present tense ( present simple), negative sentence; 2nd person plural
He did the cleaning yesterday.	He did the cleaning yesterday.	simple past tense ( past simple), affirmative sentence
What did they do last Monday?	What did they do last Monday?	simple past tense ( past simple), interrogative sentence
I didn't know what to do.	I didn't know what to do.	simple past tense ( past simple), negative sentence

That is use of do did does in English depends on the tense, the type of sentence, and the person doing the action in the situation you're talking about.

The use of do in English. Rules

As for the rules themselves use of do in English, then they are next.

1. The use of do in English as a semantic verb.

Everything here depends on time. In the simple present tense, there are two forms of the verb to do, the choice of the right one is based on the person who performs the action. As a rule, for he, she, it use does, and for I and plural - do.




In the past tense, you just need to take did(verb form to do For past simple). Did suitable for all persons and numbers. We are definitely lucky here.

2. The use of do in English as an auxiliary verb.

To form a negation or a question in the simple present and past tenses, you again have to resort to do did. Pay attention to the examples:

example	translation	notes
I don't do this every day.	I don't do it every day.	present simple,
She doesn't do this every day.	She doesn't do it every day.	present simple,
Do you do this every day?	Do you do it every day?	present simple, question; 2nd person plural
Does she do this every day?	Does she do this every day?	present simple,
I didn't do this yesterday.	I didn't do it yesterday.	past simple, negation; 1st person singular
She didn't do this yesterday.	She didn't do it yesterday.	past simple, negation; 3rd person singular
Did you do this?	You did it?	past simple, question; 2nd person singular
Did she do this?	She made it?	past simple, question; 3rd person singular

That is, for negation in the simple present tense, you need don't (I, we, you, they) And doesn't (he, she, it), and for the question we have to endure do or does in front of the person who performs the action in the sentence. The same thing happens in the past tense, only there are fewer options. Didn't- for negation (all faces), did- for a question (we also take it out in front of the face).




The use of do and does in English. How not to get confused?

Sometimes use of do and does in English becomes a real problem. How not to get confused? Let's first look at possible errors.

1. She doesn't do any tasks (wrong! )

She doesn't do any tasks (right!)

Here doesn't already indicates negation and present tense, and do is a semantic verb

2. Does she does any tasks? (wrong! )

Does she do any tasks? (right!)

Does at the beginning indicated that this is a question and the present tense for she(3rd person, singular), that's enough

3.He didn't did it's better (wrong! )

He didn't do it's better (right!)

After the auxiliary verb, it is important to use the infinitive without to

The secret is that the auxiliary verb must be followed by the initial form. That is, according to the rule, you cannot apply the ending

We know about the verb to do that it:

• Most commonly used;
• May be the main(it is also called the main or full value) and auxiliary.

As the main verb, the verb do / does is used in its main lexical meaning - “to do, act, perform, play, carry out”.

Consider the sentence: "I like to do homework every day, but I do not like to clean teeth."

Let's translate it: "I like to do my homework every day, but I don't like to brush my teeth."

In the first part of the sentence, the verb do acts as the main (full-valued) verb and, accordingly, is translated. Further, the verb do is auxiliary and is not translated. Conjugates in all tenses and pledges.

The forms of the verb to do are different in tense groups. For example, in all tenses of the Present group, it has the forms do / does, the Past groups - did, the Perfect groups — have / had done (has / had done). There are also even more difficult times that combine the features of the times of all groups, so there are significant difficulties in their definition.

The use of the verb to do in the English category of tense

Anyone who learns English knows how varied and difficult to remember the use of the verb to do in English tenses. In this case, tables of English times help.

Table of tenses for the verb to do

ACTIVE (actual pledge)
Infinitive: to do	Simple(Indefinite)	continuous(Progressive)	Perfect	Perfect Continuous(Perfect Progressive)
present (the present)	He does.	He is doing.	He's done.	He has been doing.
Past (past)	He did.	He was doing.	He had done.	He had been doing.
Future (future)	He will do.	He will be doing.	He will have done.	He will have been doing.
Future in the Past	He would do.	He would be doing.	He would have done.	He would have been doing.
PASSIVE (passive voice)
Infinitive: to be done	simple passive (Indefinite Passive)	Continuing Passive (Progressive Passive)	Perfect Passive	Perfect Continuous Passive (Perfect Progressive Passive)
present (the present)	It is done.	It is being done.	It has been done.	(It has been being done.)
Past (past)	It was done.	It was being done.	It had been done.	(It had been done.)
Future (future)	It will be done.	(It will be done.)	It will have been done.	(It will have been done.)
Future in the Past	It would be done.	(It would be being done.)	It would have been done.	(It would have been being done.)

Today, there are quite a few modifications of the tables of English tenses: in some they are described in detail, in others schemes and algorithms are used using conventional symbols. The tables are also designed for users with different levels of English proficiency.

Here are some of them:



So how do you remember the ways of forming all English tenses?

• The very first tip is to learn by heart!
• treat carefully to the translation of each word;
• think logically, establishing lexical-grammatical and semantic connections in a sentence;
• Clearly understand all auxiliary verbs;
• Know Features, distinctive semantic and grammatical characteristics of each of the temporary groups;
• It is good to navigate the table of irregular English verbs(this will help to easily determine the times of all groups)
• Always have English classes in front of your eyes this or a similar table and be able to quickly navigate it
• write flashcards(as many as possible) with examples of typical sentences and, as necessary, “peep” into them. (There is NOTHING WRONG IN WRITING REFERENCE AIDS AND BEING ABLE TO USE THEM, especially if they are written by hand and you used your own notations, used different colors of pen for marking).