The novels of Jules is true. Jules Verne book rating

Jules Verne- extremely popular French writer, founder of science fiction along with HG Wells. Written for teenagers and adults alike, Verne's writings captured the enterprising spirit of the 19th century, its charm, scientific progress and inventions. His novels were mostly written in the form of travelogues, taking readers to the moon in From the Earth to the Moon, or in a very different direction - in Journey to the Center of the Earth. Many of Verne's ideas proved to be prophetic. Among his most famous books is the adventure novel Around the World in 80 Days (1873).

“Oh - what a journey - what a wonderful and unusual journey! We entered the Earth through one volcano and exited through another. And this other was more than twelve thousand leagues from Sneffels, from that dreary land of Iceland... We left the region of eternal snows and left behind the gray fog of icy expanses to return to the azure sky of Sicily! (from Journey to the Center of the Earth, 1864)

Jules Verne was born and raised in Nantes.

His father was a successful lawyer. To continue the family tradition, Verne moved to Paris, where he studied law. His uncle introduced him to literary circles and he began publishing plays, influenced by writers such as Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas (son), whom Verne knew personally. Despite the fact that Verne devoted most of his time to writing books, he received a law degree. During this time, Vern suffered from digestive problems that plagued him intermittently throughout his life.

In 1854, Charles Baudelaire translated Poe's works into French. Verne became one of the American writer's most devoted admirers and wrote his Balloon Voyage (1851) under Poe's influence. Jules Verne would later write a sequel to Poe's unfinished novel, Gordon Pym's Tale, which he called The Sphinx of the Ice Plains (1897). When his career as a writer slowed down, Verne turned again to brokerage, a business he had engaged in until the publication of Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863), which was included in the Extraordinary Journeys series. In 1862, Verne met Pierre Jules Etzel, a publisher and writer for children, who published Verne's Extraordinary Journeys. They collaborated until the end of Jules Verne's career. Etzel also worked with Balzac and George Sand. He read Verne's manuscripts carefully and did not hesitate to suggest corrections. Verne's early work, Twentieth-Century Paris, was not well received by the publisher and did not appear in print until 1997 in English.

Verne's novels soon gained incredible popularity in the world. Without the training of a scientist and the experience of a traveler, Verne spent most of his time in research for his writings. Unlike fantasy literature such as Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865), Verne tried to be realistic and stick to the facts in detail. When Wells invented “cavorite”, a substance that is not subject to gravity, in “The First Man on the Moon”, Vern was unhappy: “I sent my heroes to the moon with gunpowder, this can actually happen. And where will Mr. Wells find his Cavorite? Let him show me!” However, when the novel's logic conflicted with modern scientific knowledge, Verne did not stick to the facts. Around the World in 80 Days, a novel about the realistic and daring journey of Phileas Fogg, is based on the real journey of the American George Francis Train (1829-1904). "Journey to the Center of the Earth" is vulnerable to criticism from a geologic point of view. The story tells about an expedition that penetrates into the very heart of the Earth. In Hector Servadacus (1877), Hector and his servant fly around the solar system on a comet.

In 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Verne described one of the forefathers of modern superheroes, the misanthropic Captain Nemo and his amazing Nautilus submarine, named after Robert Fulton's steam submarine. "The Mysterious Island" is a novel about the exploits of people who find themselves on a desert island. In these works, which have been made into films more than once, Verne combined science and invention with adventures turned to the past. Some of his writings became reality: his spaceship preceded the invention of the real rocket a century later. The first electric submarine, built in 1886 by two Englishmen, was named Nautilus in honor of the Vernov ship. The first nuclear submarine, launched in 1955, was also named the Nautilus.

The Disney film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) (directed by Richard Fleischer) won an Oscar for special effects, including a mechanical giant squid controlled by Bob Mattley. The interiors of the Nautilus were recreated from the book by Jules Verne. James Mason played Captain Nemo, and Kirk Douglas played Ned Land, a hefty sailor. Mike Todd's Around the World in 80 Days (1957) won the Academy Award for Best Picture but failed to win any for 44 supporting roles. The film featured 8,552 animals, including Rocky Mountain sheep, bulls, and donkeys. 4 ostriches also appeared on the screen.

During the first period of his career, Verne expressed optimism about the central role of Europe in the social and technological development of the world. As far as technical inventions are concerned, Verne's imagination often contradicted the facts. In From the Earth to the Moon, a giant cannon fires the protagonist into orbit. Any modern scientist would tell him now that the hero would be killed by the initial acceleration. However, the idea of ​​a space gun first appeared in print in the 18th century. And before that, Cyrano de Bergerac wrote Travels in the Sun and Moon (1655) and described in one of the stories a rocket for space travel.

“It is difficult to say whether Vern took the idea of ​​that huge cannon seriously, because much of the story is written in rather jocular language ... He may have believed that if such a cannon was built, it could be suitable for sending projectiles to the moon. But it is unlikely that he really thought that one of the passengers could survive after that ”(Arthur Clark, 1999).

The bulk of Verne's writings were written by 1880. Verne's later novels show pessimism about the future of human civilization. In his story "Eternal Adam", the future discoveries of the 20th century were overthrown by geological cataclysms. In Robur the Conqueror (1886), Verne predicted the birth of a ship heavier than air, and in the novel's sequel, The Master of the World (1904), the inventor Robur suffers from megalomania and plays cat and mouse with the authorities.

Verne's life after 1860 was uneventful and bourgeois. He traveled with his brother Paul to the USA in 1867, visiting Niagara Falls. On a ship trip across the Mediterranean, he was welcomed to Gibraltar, North Africa, and in Rome, Pope Leo XII blessed him and his books. In 1871 he settled in Amiens and was elected councilor in 1888. In 1886 Verne was assassinated. His paranoid nephew, Gaston, shot him in the leg, and the writer was immobilized for the rest of his life. Gaston never recovered from his illness.

At the age of 28, Verne married Honorine de Viana, a young widow with two children. He lived with his family in a large country house and occasionally sailed on a yacht. To his family's dismay, he began to admire Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921), who devoted himself to revolutionary activity and whose personality may have influenced the noble anarchist in The Shipwreck of the Jonathan (1909). Verne's interest in socialist theories was already visible in Matthias Sandor (1885).

For over 40 years, Verne published at least one book a year. Although Verne wrote about exotic places, he traveled relatively little - his only balloon flight lasted 24 minutes. In a letter to Etzel, he confesses: “I think I'm going crazy. I was lost among the incredible adventures of my heroes. My only regret is that I can't accompany them pedibus cum jambis." Verne's works include 65 novels, about 20 short stories and essays, 30 plays, several geographical works, and opera librettos.

Verne died in Amiens on March 24, 1905. Verne's work inspired many directors: from Georges Mellier ("From the Earth to the Moon", 1902) and Walt Disney ("20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", 1954) to Henry Levin ("Journey to the Center of the Earth ", 1959) and Irwin Allen ("Five Weeks in a Balloon", 1962). The Italian artist Giorgio de Chiroco was also interested in Verne’s works and painted a sketch “On Metaphysical Art” based on them: “But who better than him could capture the metaphysical element of a city like London, with its buildings, streets, clubs, squares and open spaces; the nebula of a London Sunday afternoon, the melancholy of a man, a walking phantom, as Phileas Fogg appears to us in Around the World in 80 Days? The work of Jules Verne is filled with these joyful and comforting moments; I still remember the description of the steamship leaving Liverpool in his novel The Floating Island.

On September 27, 2015, the first Russian monument to the writer was opened on the Fedorovsky embankment in Nizhny Novgorod.

UNESCO statistics claim that the books of the classic adventure genre, the French writer and geographer Jules Gabriel Verne are in second place in terms of the number of translations after the works of the detective's grandmother.

Jules Verne was born in 1828 in the city of Nantes, located at the mouth of the Loire and fifty kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean.

Jules Gabriel is the firstborn of the Vern family. A year after his birth, the second son Paul appeared in the family, and 6 years later, with a difference of 2-3 years, the sisters Anna, Matilda and Marie were born. The head of the family is a second-generation lawyer, Pierre Verne. The ancestors of Jules Verne's mother are Celts and Scots who moved to France in the 18th century.

In his childhood, Jules Verne's circle of hobbies was determined: the boy read fiction avidly, preferring adventure stories and novels, and knew everything about ships, yachts and rafts. Jules' passion was shared by his younger brother Paul. The love for the sea was instilled in the boys by their grandfather, a shipowner.

At the age of 9, Jules Verne was sent to a closed lyceum. After graduating from the boarding school, the head of the family insisted on the eldest son entering a law school. The guy did not like jurisprudence, but he gave in to his father and passed the exams at the Paris Institute. Youthful love for literature and a new hobby - theater - greatly distracted the novice lawyer from lectures on law. Jules Verne disappeared into the theatrical backstage, did not miss a single premiere, and began to write plays and librettos for operas.

The father, who paid for his son's studies, became angry and stopped financing Jules. The young writer found himself on the verge of poverty. Supported a new colleague. On the stage of his theater, he staged a play based on the play of a 22-year-old colleague "Broken Straws".

To survive, the young writer worked as a secretary in a publishing house and tutored.

Literature

A new page in the creative biography of Jules Verne appeared in 1851: the 23-year-old writer wrote and published in the magazine the first story "Drama in Mexico". The initiative turned out to be successful, and the inspired writer created a dozen new adventure stories in the same vein, the heroes of which fall into the cycle of amazing events in different parts of the world.

From 1852 to 1854, Jules Verne worked at the Lyric Theater of Dumas, then got a job as a stockbroker, but did not stop writing. From writing short stories, comedies and librettos, he moved on to writing novels.

Success came in the early 1860s: Jules Verne conceived the idea of ​​writing a series of novels under the title "Extraordinary Journeys". The first novel, Five Weeks in a Balloon, appeared in 1863. The work was published by the publisher Pierre-Jules Etzel in his Journal for Education and Leisure. In the same year, the novel was translated into English.

In Russia, the novel translated from French was published in 1864 under the title “Air travel through Africa. Compiled from the notes of Dr. Fergusson by Julius Verne.

A year later, the second novel in the cycle appeared, called Journey to the Center of the Earth, which tells about a professor of mineralogy who found an old manuscript of an Icelandic alchemist. The encrypted document tells how to get into the earth's core through a passage in the volcano. The sci-fi plot of the work of Jules Verne is based on the hypothesis, not completely rejected in the 19th century, that the earth is hollow.

The first novel is about an expedition to the North Pole. During the years of writing the novel, the pole was not discovered and the writer imagined it as an active volcano located in the center of the sea. The second work speaks of the first "Lunar" journey of man and made a number of predictions that came true. The science fiction writer describes the apparatus that allowed his characters to breathe in space. The principle of their operation is the same as in modern devices: air purification.

Two more predictions that have come true are the use of aluminum in aerospace and the site of a prototype cosmodrome (“Cannon Club”). According to the writer's idea, the projectile car from which the heroes went to the moon is located in Florida.

In 1867, Jules Verne gave fans the novel The Children of Captain Grant, which was filmed twice in the Soviet Union. The first time in 1936 directed by Vladimir Vainshtok, the second - in 1986.

"Children of Captain Grant" - the first part of the trilogy. After 3 years, the novel "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" was published, and in 1874 - "The Mysterious Island", a Robinsonade novel. The first work tells the story of Captain Nemo, who plunged into the depths of the water on the submarine "Nautilus". The idea of ​​the novel to Jules Verne was suggested by the writer, a fan of his work. The novel formed the basis of eight films, one of them, Captain Nemo, was filmed in the USSR.

In 1869, before writing the two parts of the trilogy, Jules Verne published a sequel to the science fiction novel "From the Earth to the Moon" - "Around the Moon", the characters of which are the same two Americans and a Frenchman.

Adventure novel "Around the World in 80 Days" Jules Verne presented in 1872. His heroes, the British aristocrat Fogg and the enterprising and savvy servant Passepartout, were so liked by readers that the story of the heroes' journey was filmed three times and five animated series were filmed based on it in Australia, Poland, Spain and Japan. In the Soviet Union, a cartoon produced by Australia, directed by Leif Graham, is known, the premiere of which took place during the winter school holidays in 1981.

In 1878, Jules Verne presented the story "Captain Fifteen" about junior sailor Dick Sand, who was forced to take command of the whaling ship Pilgrim, whose crew died in a fight with a whale.

In the Soviet Union, two films were made based on the novel: in 1945, a black-and-white picture directed by Vasily Zhuravlev “Fifteen-year-old Captain” appeared and in 1986 “Captain of the Pilgrim” by Andrei Prachenko, in which they starred, and.

In the late novels of Jules Verne, fans of creativity saw the writer's underlying fear of the rapid progress of science and a warning against using discoveries for inhumane purposes. These are the 1869 novel "The Flag of the Motherland" and two novels written in the early 1900s: "The Master of the World" and "The Extraordinary Adventures of the Barsac Expedition." The last work was completed by the son of Jules Verne - Michel Verne.

The late novels of the French writer are less known than the early ones and written in the 60s and 70s. Jules Verne was inspired by his works not in the quiet of the office, but in travels. On the yacht "Saint-Michel" (the so-called three ships of the novelist), he sailed the Mediterranean Sea, visited Lisbon, England and Scandinavia. On the steamer "Great Eastern" made a transatlantic cruise to America.

In 1884, Jules Verne visited the countries of the Mediterranean. This journey is the last in the life of a French writer.

The novelist wrote 66 novels, more than 20 short stories and 30 plays. After his death, relatives, sorting through the archives, found many manuscripts that Jules Verne planned to use in writing future works. The readers saw the novel "Paris in the 20th century" in 1994.

Personal life

Jules Verne met his future wife, Honorine de Vian, in the spring of 1856 in Amiens at a friend's wedding. The flared feeling was not an obstacle to Honorina's two children from a previous marriage (de Vian's first husband died).

In January of the following year, the lovers got married. Honorina and her children moved to Paris, where Jules Verne settled and worked. Four years later, the couple had a son, Michel. The boy appeared when his father was traveling in the Mediterranean on the Saint-Michel.

Michel Jean Pierre Verne created a film company in 1912, on the basis of which he filmed five of his father's novels.

The novelist's grandson, Jean-Jules Verne, published a monograph about the famous grandfather in the 1970s, which he wrote for 40 years. It appeared in the Soviet Union in 1978.

Death

For the last twenty years of his life, Jules Verne lived in the Amiens house, where he dictated novels to his relatives. In the spring of 1886, the writer was wounded in the leg by a mentally ill nephew, the son of Paul Verne. Travel had to be forgotten. Diabetes mellitus joined the wound and blindness in the last two years.

Jules Verne died in March 1905. In the archive of the prose writer, beloved by millions, there are 20 thousand notebooks in which he recorded information from all branches of science.

A monument was erected on the grave of the novelist, on which it is written: “ To immortality and eternal youth».

• At the age of 11, Jules Verne hired a ship as a cabin boy and almost escaped to India.
• In Paris in the 20th Century, Jules Verne predicted the advent of the fax, video communication, the electric chair, and television. But the publisher returned the manuscript to Vern, calling him an "idiot."
• The novel "Paris in the 20th century" readers saw thanks to the great-grandson of Jules Verne - Jean Verne. For half a century, the work was considered a family myth, but Jean, an operatic tenor, found the manuscript in the family archive.
• In the novel The Extraordinary Adventures of the Badger Expedition, Jules Verne foresaw the variable thrust vector in aircraft.

• In "The Foundling from the Lost Cynthia" the writer substantiated the need for the navigable navigability of the Northern Sea Route in one navigation.
• Jules Verne did not predict the appearance of a submarine - in his time it already existed. But the Nautilus, piloted by Captain Nemo, surpassed even the submarines of the 21st century.
• The prose writer was mistaken in considering the core of the earth to be cold.
• In nine novels, Jules Verne described the events that unfold in Russia without ever having visited the country.

Verne Quotes

• “He knew that in life, as they say, one has to rub oneself between people, and since friction slows down movement, he kept aloof from everyone.”
• "Better a tiger in the plain than a snake in the tall grass."
• “Isn’t it true, because if I don’t have a single flaw, then I will become an ordinary person!”
• "A real Englishman never jokes when it comes to such a serious thing as a bet."
• "Smell is the soul of a flower."
• “New Zealanders only eat people fried or smoked. They are well-bred people and great gourmets.
• "Necessity is the best teacher in all situations of life."
• “The fewer amenities, the fewer needs, and the fewer needs, the happier the person.”

Bibliography

• 1863 "Five weeks in a balloon"
• 1864 "Journey to the Center of the Earth"
• 1865 "The Voyage and Adventures of Captain Hatteras"
• 1867 Children of Captain Grant. Traveling across the world"
• 1869 "Around the Moon"
• 1869 "Twenty thousand leagues under the sea"
• 1872 "Around the World in Eighty Days"
• 1874 "Mysterious Island"
• 1878 "Fifteen Year Old Captain"
• 1885 "Foundling from the dead Cynthia"
• 1892 "Castle in the Carpathians"
• 1904 "Lord of the World"
• 1909 "Shipwreck of the Jonathan"

On April 6, 1860, the brig "Forward" sailed from the port of Liverpool with eighteen crew members on board. But neither during the sailing, nor even for a long time after it, none of them knew either the purpose of the voyage, or even the name of the captain. And only deepening far into the Arctic water, the sailors learned that the expedition was led by the famous navigator John Hatteras, who set himself the ambitious task of becoming the first person to reach the North Pole. Jules Verne began work on the novel in 1863, almost immediately after finishing Five Weeks in a Balloon. Original documents from polar expeditions were used in the work on the book, and the explorer John Franklin, whose expedition went missing, is sometimes called the prototype of Hatteras. In the process of work, the author constantly consulted with the publisher Etzel about his individual episodes; however, not all of Etzel's advice was unquestioningly accepted by Verne - for example, he did not include the French in the Hatteras expedition. Jules Verne was completely immersed in the writing of the novel: “I, along with the characters, are at 80 degrees latitude at 40 degrees Celsius below zero - and I catch a cold just from writing about it!”. The novel was completed in the spring of 1864. The preliminary author's intention of the finale of the novel is interesting. Jules Verne intended to end the novel with the death of the hero in the crater of a volcano, and not return him to England. However, in the process of work, the idea was changed. At the time of writing the novel, it was not known for certain what was at the North Pole - none of the expeditions had yet reached it. The first publication was in Etzel's magazine "Magasin d'Education et de Recreation" ("Journal of Education and Entertainment") from March 20, 1864 to December 5, 1865, under the title "The English at the North Pole. Ice Desert. The first chapter of the novel began the publication of Etzel's journal; the magazine subsequently published 30 novels by Jules Verne. The book was met with positive reviews from French and foreign critics. On May 4, 1866 (in other sources it is called June 2), the novel was published as a separate edition, in two volumes: the first was called “The English at the North Pole. Travels of Captain Hatteras”, and the second one – “The Icy Desert. The Adventures of Captain Hatteras. The publisher Etzel wrote a preface to the first volume. November 26, 1866 (sometimes there is an erroneous date - 1867) of the year - the novel was published by Etzel in one volume, it was the first "double" volume of Extraordinary Journeys. The title of the novel is “The Travels and Adventures of Captain Hatteras. The British at the North Pole. Icy Desert”, illustrated with 259 drawings by artists Riou and de Monto. The novel was first published in Russian in 1866-67 in the translation of L. Shelgunova. In 1870 it was published in a translation by Marko Vovchka and then reprinted many times in the same translation.... Further

Jules Verne is a writer and geographer, a recognized classic of adventure literature, the founder of the science fiction genre. Lived and worked in the 19th century. According to UNESCO statistics, Verne's works rank second in the world in terms of the number of translations. We will consider the life and work of this amazing person.

Jules Verne: biography. Childhood

The writer was born in the small French town of Nantes on February 8, 1828. His father owned a legal office and was very famous among the townspeople. Mother, Scottish by birth, loved art and even taught literature at a local school for some time. It is believed that it was she who instilled in her son a love of books and directed him to the writing path. Although the father saw in him only the successor of his work.

Since childhood, Jules Verne, whose biography is presented here, was between two fires, brought up by such dissimilar people. No wonder he hesitated which path to take. In his school years, he read a lot, his mother picked up books for him. But having matured, he decided to become a lawyer, for which he went to Paris.

As an adult, he will write a short autobiographical essay in which he will talk about his childhood, his father's desire to teach him the basics of the legal business and his mother's attempts to raise him as a man of art. Unfortunately, the manuscript has not been preserved; only the closest people read it.

Education

So, upon reaching adulthood, Vern goes to Paris to study. At this time, the pressure from the family was so strong that the future writer literally runs away from home. But even in the capital, he does not find the long-awaited peace. The father decides to continue to send his son, so he secretly tries to help him enter the law school. Vern finds out about this, fails his exams on purpose and tries to get into another university. This continues until there is only one faculty of law left in Paris, where the young man has not yet tried to enter.

Vern passed the exams brilliantly and studied for the first six months, when he found out that one of the teachers had known his father for a long time and was his friend. This was followed by a major family quarrel, after which the young man did not communicate with his father for a long time. Nevertheless, in 1849 he became a graduate of the Jules Verne Faculty of Law. Qualification at the end of training - licentiate of law. However, he is in no hurry to return home and decides to stay in Paris. By this time, Verne was already beginning to collaborate with the theater and met such masters as Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. He directly informs his father that he will not continue his work.

Theatrical activity

For the next few years, Jules Verne is in dire need. The biography even testifies that the writer spent half a year of his life on the street, since there was nothing to pay for the room. But this did not move him to return to the path chosen by his father and become a lawyer. In these difficult times, Verne's first work was born.

One of his friends at the university, seeing his plight, decides to arrange a meeting with his friend from the main Historical Parisian theater. A potential employer examines the manuscript and realizes that he has an incredibly talented writer in front of him. So in 1850, a production of Verne's play "Broken Straws" first appeared on the stage. It brings the writer the first fame, and well-wishers appear ready to finance his work.

Cooperation with the theater continues until 1854. Verne's biographers call this period the initial one in the writer's career. At this time, the main stylistic features of his texts are formed. Over the years of theater work, the writer has released several comedies, short stories and librettos. Many of his works continued to be staged for many years to come.

Literary success

Jules Verne learned a lot of useful skills from cooperation with the theater. The books of the next period are very different in their subject matter. Now the writer was seized by a thirst for adventure, he wanted to describe what no other author could yet. This is how the first cycle, called "Extraordinary Journeys", is born.

In 1863, the first work in the Five Weeks in a Balloon series was published. Readers highly appreciated it. The reason for the success was that Verne supplemented the romantic line with adventure and fantasy details - for that time it was an unexpected innovation. Realizing his success, Jules Verne continued to write in the same style. Books come out one after another.

"Extraordinary Journeys" brought fame and glory to the writer, first at home, and then in the world. His novels were so multifaceted that everyone could find something interesting for themselves. Literary criticism saw in Jules Verne not just the founder of the fantastic genre, but also a man who believed in scientific and technological progress and the power of reason.

Trips

Jules Verne's travels were not only on paper. Most of all, the writer loved sea travel. He even had three yachts that bore the same name - "Saint-Michel". In 1859 Verne traveled to Scotland and England, and in 1861 to Scandinavia. 6 years after that, he went on a transatlantic cruise on the then-famous Great Eastern steamer to the USA, saw Niagara Falls, and visited New York.

In 1878, the writer on his already yacht travels around the Mediterranean Sea. On this trip, he visited Lisbon, Gibraltar, Tangier and Algiers. Later, he also independently sailed again to England and Scotland.

Jules Verne's travels are becoming more and more ambitious. And in 1881 he went on a big voyage to Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. The plans also included a visit to St. Petersburg, but this idea was prevented by a storm. The last expedition of the writer took place in 1884. Then he visited Malta, Algeria and Italy, as well as several other Mediterranean countries. These travels formed the basis of many of Verne's novels.

The reason for the cessation of travel was an accident. In March 1886, Verne was attacked and severely wounded by his mentally ill nephew Gaston Verne.

Personal life

In his youth, the writer was in love several times. But all the girls, despite signs of attention from Vern, got married. This upset him so much that he founded a circle called "Dinners of Eleven Bachelors", which included musicians, writers and artists he knew.

Verne's wife was Honorina de Vian, who came from a very wealthy family. The writer met her in the small town of Amiens. Vern came here to celebrate his cousin's wedding. Six months later, the writer asked for the hand of his beloved.

Jules Verne's family lived happily ever after. The couple loved each other and did not need anything. In marriage, a son was born, who was named Michel. The father of the family was not present at the birth, as he was in Scandinavia at that time. Growing up, Verne's son took up cinematography seriously.

Artworks

The works of Jules Verne were not only bestsellers of their time, they remain in demand and loved by many today. In total, the author wrote more than 30 plays, 20 novels and short stories, and 66 novels, among which there are unfinished and published only in the 20th century. The reason that interest in Verne's work does not subside is the writer's ability not only to create vivid storylines and describe amazing adventures, but also to portray interesting and lively characters. His characters are attractive no less than the events that happen to them.

We list the most famous works of Jules Verne:

• "Journey to the Center of the Earth".
• "From the Earth to the Moon".
• "Lord of the world".
• "Around the Moon".
• "Around the world in 80 Days".
• "Michael Strogoff".
• "Flag of the Motherland".
• 15 year old captain.
• "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", etc.

But in his novels, Verne not only talks about the greatness of science, but also warns that knowledge can also be used for criminal purposes. This attitude towards progress is characteristic of the later works of the writer.

"The Children of Captain Grant"

The novel was published in parts from 1865 to 1867. It became the first part of the famous trilogy, which was continued by 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and The Mysterious Island. The work has a three-part form and is divided depending on who is the main character of the story. The main goal of the travelers is to find Captain Grant. For this they have to visit South America, Australia and New Zealand.

"Captain Grant's Children" is recognized as one of Verne's best novels. This is an excellent example of not only adventure, but also youthful literature, so it will be easy to read it even for a schoolboy.

"Mysterious Island"

This is a robinsonade novel that was published in 1874. It is the final part of the trilogy. The action of the work takes place on a fictional island, where Captain Nemo decided to settle, having sailed there on the Nautilus submarine he created. By chance, five heroes who escaped from captivity in a balloon fall on the same island. They begin to develop desert lands, in which scientific knowledge helps them. However, it soon turns out that the island is not so uninhabited.

Predictions

Jules Verne (the biography does not confirm that he was seriously engaged in science) predicted many discoveries and inventions in his novels. We list the most interesting of them:

• A television.
• Space flights, including interplanetary ones. The writer also predicted a number of moments of space exploration, for example, the use of aluminum in the construction of a projectile car.
• Scuba gear.
• Electric chair.
• Aircraft, including those with an inverted thrust vector, and a helicopter.
• Construction of the Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Siberian Railways.

But the writer also had unfulfilled assumptions. For example, the underground strait located under the Suez Canal was never discovered. It also became impossible to fly in a cannon projectile to the moon. Although it was precisely because of this mistake that Tsiolkovsky decided to study space flights.

For his time, Jules Verne was an amazing person who was not afraid to look into the future and dream of scientific discoveries that even scientists could not imagine.