The dashing 90s in Russia untied the hands of criminal business. The bandits did not shy away from anything: whether it was drug trafficking, racketeering or murder. After all, fabulous money was at stake.
Who is into what
Banditry flourished in Russia back in the perestroika period, however, Soviet organized criminal groups were noticeably constrained in their actions, mostly engaged in “protection” of underground entrepreneurs, robbing passers-by or stealing social property. At the same time, it was these groups that became the soil that nurtured the ruthless and cynical criminals of the nineties. Some of them will fall into the ground, and someone will break into authority, occupying the chair of an official, or being a shareholder of a large company.
But still, most members of the organized crime group fed themselves and their families in more traditional ways: "protection", money laundering, fraud, racketeering, robbery, pimping, contract killings. After all, it was possible to receive considerable income from this kind of business.
Thus, the “Volgovskaya” criminal gang, one of the largest in the country, created by the natives of Tolyatti, was engaged in the resale of stolen parts from the local VAZ automobile plant. Over time, under the control of organized crime groups were half of the shipment of cars of the enterprise and dozens of dealer companies, from which the "Volgovskie" had an income of over 400 million dollars a year.
No less large-scale was the criminal activity of the "Solntsevskaya" organized criminal group. She owned the Solntsevo car market, a third of the district's entertainment establishments, as well as taxi services in Vnukovo, Sheremetyevo-2 and at the Kiev railway station. One of the sources of profit for the "Solntsevskaya" was the Gorbushka market, which they shared with the "Izmailovsky". From one seller, the bandits received from 300 to 1000 dollars a month.
Bottoms
Each criminal gang had a strict hierarchy, on which the redistribution of income depended. At the bottom of the criminal chain was usually a youth gang. Her “pawns” are high school students aged 15–16 (“boys”) who collected tribute from their peers or younger students. These were either requisitions for a "roof", or an elementary robbery. Monthly "contributions" from each student in terms of modern money ranged from 200 to 500 rubles. The "boys" left almost nothing for themselves, they transferred the main amount up the hierarchical chain.
The next link in the organized crime group were the "boys", whose age ranged from 16 to 25 years. It was the strike force of the gangs, carrying out the orders of the "seniors", ranging from the "protection" of schoolchildren and security functions, ending with the sale of light drugs and street battles for the territory. Often they were trusted to participate in racketeering and murders. Based on the words of a former member of the Bauman group (Moscow), one "kid" monthly brought an organized crime group in the region of 4-5 thousand rubles in terms of current money. Each even a small grouping of such suppliers had from a hundred to a thousand.
Above the "boys" were "foremen" who controlled and coordinated the activities of youth gangs. Their age, as a rule, ranged from 22 to 30 years. It was they who decided who to "protect", where to rob and how much one or another member of the gang would pay in the "common fund". In submission to the "brigadiers" were from 50 to 400 "boys". The leaders of the youth gangs accumulated all the incoming funds, they kept no more than 7% for themselves, the rest was passed on to the top.
Tops
The basis of the upper part of the organized crime group was the so-called "fighters". They no longer transferred money to the "common fund", but were kept by criminal "authorities". In terms of modern prices, they earned from 70 to 200 thousand rubles a month. The "fighters" had additional income from the stolen property: cars, luxury furniture, imported equipment, jewelry.
The core of the criminal groups was a group of 30-50 people who can be called "managers". It was he who was engaged in the planning of all operations and the leadership of the "fighters". Often, "managers" could be found on the board of directors of "roofed" firms. By modern standards, their income was 600-800 thousand rubles a month.
Gang leaders - "authorities" tried to stay in the background. In one organized crime group, their number did not exceed 5-7 people. As a rule, they made collective decisions concerning the vital issues of the group's activities. Up to several million dollars could get into the pockets of "authorities" every month, but they also paid a high price for this, since they were the main target for competing gangs.
Items of income
Criminal gangs of the 90s often had several main sources of income. The first is the "common fund": funds that were brought by the younger members of the gang. About 200 - 800 thousand dollars “ran up” per month. The "obshchak" was mainly formed thanks to the funds received as a result of proceeds from petty extortion, theft or theft of a car.
The second item of replenishment of the criminal budget is, as a rule, the planned activities of organized crime groups: racketeering of small and medium-sized businesses, participation in the privatization and corporatization of factories, contract killings and bank robberies. All this brought the gang from 2 to 5 million dollars a month.
The third source of income is prostitution, drug trafficking, weapons and gambling. Monthly this item of income gave from 3 to 9 million dollars. It should be noted that pimping was not honored by criminal communities. The “shameful” business was carried out either by small organized crime groups, or by those who were stranded.
The last and fattest source of income is the participation of the top organized crime groups in legal business as investors or shareholders, including the creation of their own business. Most often these are markets, shops, car dealerships and casinos. The amount of income here depended on the scale of the enterprise and could reach several tens of millions of dollars per month.
Murder for Hire
Contract killings can be called a separate source of income, or, as Lieutenant Colonel of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Igor Shutov calls them, murders committed for hire. Most often, according to an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they were killed because of cars, apartments and money in the account. However, high-profile contract killings, as a rule, were aimed at intimidation or revenge.
Kill-for-hire rates varied widely. So, the killer of the Kazan group "Zhilka" Alexei Snezhinsky told how "some serious people" turned to him and offered to organize the murder of the conditional "Sasha the bandit" for 10 thousand dollars. Snezhinsky himself acted as the organizer of the murder, taking 8 thousand dollars for himself, paying the performer 2 thousand. According to the killer, up to 50 thousand dollars could be requested for a more serious case.
In Moscow, according to the statements of former members of the organized criminal group, the highest rates were for the murder - an average of 25 thousand dollars. It cost much more to order a well-known "media" figure. So the investigation found that only the advance payment for the murder of journalist Anna Politkovskaya (although it was committed after the era of the 90s) cost the customer 150 thousand dollars.
The dashing 90s in Russia untied the hands of criminal business. The bandits did not shy away from anything: whether it was drug trafficking, racketeering or murder. After all, fabulous money was at stake.
Who is into what
Banditry flourished in Russia back in the perestroika period, however, Soviet organized criminal groups were noticeably constrained in their actions, mostly engaged in “protection” of underground entrepreneurs, robbing passers-by or stealing social property. At the same time, it was these groups that became the soil that nurtured the ruthless and cynical criminals of the nineties. Some of them will fall into the ground, and someone will break into authority, occupying the chair of an official, or being a shareholder of a large company.
But still, most members of the organized crime group fed themselves and their families in more traditional ways: "protection", money laundering, fraud, racketeering, robbery, pimping, contract killings. After all, it was possible to receive considerable income from this kind of business.
Thus, the “Volgovskaya” criminal gang, one of the largest in the country, created by the natives of Tolyatti, was engaged in the resale of stolen parts from the local VAZ automobile plant. Over time, under the control of organized crime groups were half of the shipment of cars of the enterprise and dozens of dealer companies, from which the "Volgovskie" had an income of over 400 million dollars a year.
No less large-scale was the criminal activity of the "Solntsevskaya" organized criminal group. She owned the Solntsevo car market, a third of the district's entertainment establishments, as well as taxi services in Vnukovo, Sheremetyevo-2 and at the Kiev railway station. One of the sources of profit for the "Solntsevskaya" was the Gorbushka market, which they shared with the "Izmailovsky". From one seller, the bandits received from 300 to 1000 dollars a month.
Bottoms
Each criminal gang had a strict hierarchy, on which the redistribution of income depended. At the bottom of the criminal chain was usually a youth gang. Her “pawns” are high school students aged 15–16 (“boys”) who collected tribute from their peers or younger students. These were either requisitions for a "roof", or an elementary robbery. Monthly "contributions" from each student in terms of modern money ranged from 200 to 500 rubles. The "boys" left almost nothing for themselves, they transferred the main amount up the hierarchical chain.
The next link in the organized crime group were the "boys", whose age ranged from 16 to 25 years. It was the strike force of the gangs, carrying out the orders of the "seniors", ranging from the "protection" of schoolchildren and security functions, ending with the sale of light drugs and street battles for the territory. Often they were trusted to participate in racketeering and murders. Based on the words of a former member of the Bauman group (Moscow), one "kid" monthly brought an organized crime group in the region of 4-5 thousand rubles in terms of current money. Each even a small grouping of such suppliers had from a hundred to a thousand.
Above the "boys" were "foremen" who controlled and coordinated the activities of youth gangs. Their age, as a rule, ranged from 22 to 30 years. It was they who decided who to "protect", where to rob and how much one or another member of the gang would pay in the "common fund". In submission to the "brigadiers" were from 50 to 400 "boys". The leaders of the youth gangs accumulated all the incoming funds, they kept no more than 7% for themselves, the rest was passed on to the top.
Tops
The basis of the upper part of the organized crime group was the so-called "fighters". They no longer transferred money to the "common fund", but were kept by criminal "authorities". In terms of modern prices, they earned from 70 to 200 thousand rubles a month. The "fighters" had additional income from the stolen property: cars, luxury furniture, imported equipment, jewelry.
The core of the criminal groups was a group of 30-50 people who can be called "managers". It was he who was engaged in the planning of all operations and the leadership of the "fighters". Often, "managers" could be found on the board of directors of "roofed" firms. By modern standards, their income was 600-800 thousand rubles a month.
Gang leaders - "authorities" tried to stay in the background. In one organized crime group, their number did not exceed 5-7 people. As a rule, they made collective decisions concerning the vital issues of the group's activities. Up to several million dollars could get into the pockets of "authorities" every month, but they also paid a high price for this, since they were the main target for competing gangs.
Items of income
Criminal gangs of the 90s often had several main sources of income. The first is the "common fund": funds that were brought by the younger members of the gang. About 200 - 800 thousand dollars “ran up” per month. The "obshchak" was mainly formed thanks to the funds received as a result of proceeds from petty extortion, theft or theft of a car.
The second item of replenishment of the criminal budget is, as a rule, the planned activities of organized crime groups: racketeering of small and medium-sized businesses, participation in the privatization and corporatization of factories, contract killings and bank robberies. All this brought the gang from 2 to 5 million dollars a month.
The third source of income is prostitution, drug trafficking, weapons and gambling. Monthly this item of income gave from 3 to 9 million dollars. It should be noted that pimping was not honored by criminal communities. The “shameful” business was carried out either by small organized crime groups, or by those who were stranded.
The last and fattest source of income is the participation of the top organized crime groups in legal business as investors or shareholders, including the creation of their own business. Most often these are markets, shops, car dealerships and casinos. The amount of income here depended on the scale of the enterprise and could reach several tens of millions of dollars per month.
Murder for Hire
Contract killings can be called a separate source of income, or, as Lieutenant Colonel of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Igor Shutov calls them, murders committed for hire. Most often, according to an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they were killed because of cars, apartments and money in the account. However, high-profile contract killings, as a rule, were aimed at intimidation or revenge.
Kill-for-hire rates varied widely. So, the killer of the Kazan group "Zhilka" Alexei Snezhinsky told how "some serious people" turned to him and offered to organize the murder of the conditional "Sasha the bandit" for 10 thousand dollars. Snezhinsky himself acted as the organizer of the murder, taking 8 thousand dollars for himself, paying the performer 2 thousand. According to the killer, up to 50 thousand dollars could be requested for a more serious case.
In Moscow, according to the statements of former members of the organized criminal group, the highest rates were for the murder - an average of 25 thousand dollars. It cost much more to order a well-known "media" figure. So the investigation found that only the advance payment for the murder of journalist Anna Politkovskaya (although it was committed after the era of the 90s) cost the customer 150 thousand dollars.
In the cemeteries of our vast country, you can find unusual tombstones with images of respectable men. Expensive suits, leather jackets, tattoos and gold chains - all this flaunts on the monuments belonging to the criminal authorities of the dashing 90s and their entourage.
See how the monuments of Ded Khasan, Yaponchik and other pretentious graves of famous participants in gang warfare of the past look in our material.
Grandfather Hassan was called the main mafioso of Russia, who knows no mercy and is behind all the thieves' wars. His real name is Aslan Usoyan, his date of birth is February 28, 1937. Aslan committed his first crime as a child, and by the age of 16 he firmly decided that he would become a “professional” pickpocket.
Young Aslan Usoyan in the top row in the middle
At the age of 18, the future crime boss received his first term - a year and a half in prison. After that, more than once he ended up in prison and once was "crowned". Having become a thief in law, Ded Hasan gained power over the shadow business in almost all Russian regions. He belonged to the "old school" thieves, repeatedly acted as a "referee" in the showdown of large gangs.
In 2013, Ded Hasan was shot dead by a sniper. The grave of the crime boss is located at the very entrance to the Khovanskoye cemetery in Moscow. She looks pretty pompous.
Grave of thief in law Aslan Usoyan (Ded Khasan)
However, his grave is inferior in decoration and chic to the creation that the son of Bori ordered "Soda" for his late father.
The grave of Boris "Soda" Chubarov
And although he did not die as “heroically” as Grandfather Hassan (the cause of Boris Chubarov’s death was cirrhosis of the liver), a real work of art was built for his grave. It flaunts a monument to the deceased himself and a Mercedes car - all in full size.
It is noteworthy that the numbers on the car carry a certain hidden meaning, which is known only to the deceased and the customer of the project - his son. The thing is that the letter "F" is not used in Russian numbers. Unless it's an unfortunate mistake by the sculptor...
Grave of Ivankov Vyacheslav Kirillovich ("Jap")
Speaking of mistakes, the grave of the famous "Jap" - Ivankov Vyacheslav Kirillovich is shown above. And for some reason, when creating it, they were in such a hurry that they missed one letter in the surname, writing instead of "Ivankov".
Ivankov was one of the main Russian thieves in law and the head of a criminal clan in Moscow. On July 28, 2009, there was an assassination attempt on him. On October 9, "Yaponchik" died in the hospital from peritonitis that had developed in him.
Grave of Lev Genkin "Tits"
And this is the grave of Genkin Lev Leontyevich or, as he was called in gangster circles, Lyova "Tits". Lyova went to every business with his daddy under his arm ... Why? Thus, he tried to create the impression of an intelligent business person and, when caught by operatives, claimed that he was an employee of the Jewish embassy.
Grave of Nikolai Tutberidze ("Matsi")
This unusual white tombstone with a monument to a person sitting on it is located on the grave of Nikolai Tutberidze, better known as Matsi. He passed away in 2003 from cancer. This disease does not spare anyone, be it a simple worker or a criminal authority.
Portrait of Malkhaz Minadze on the tombstone of his grave
On the gravestone of Malkhaz Minadze, the thief in law and his wife are depicted, who, by the way, is alive and well ... A very unusual artistic decision.
And here are a few more graves that stand out noticeably from others in the cemetery.
Internet users express their outrage at the honors with which criminals are buried:
“Historians of the distant future will dig up these statues and tombstones and will study, compare with even more ancient antique statues. There were gods, philosophers, emperors .. And in our era - thieves in law. Disgrace!
This is exactly what the last refuges of criminal authorities who ruled the thieves' world in the dashing 90s look like. Despite all the indignation of Internet users, it is worth noting that the work of sculptors who carry out projects is surprising and deserves respect.
What do you think of these creations?
There is a generally accepted opinion that in the 90s there was a high level of crime, and in the 00s it decreased. They even came up with beautiful names for these periods - "dashing nineties" and "stabilization period".
But is this notion supported by official statistics? Let's check it out.
We take data from Rosstat and build graphs based on them. By the way, we read the following in the comments to the data: "In 2006, 432 facts of banditry, 44 murders for hire, 1.0 thousand facts of kidnapping were revealed. 315.8 thousand crimes were revealed in the economic sphere."
The graphs show that on the contrary, crime continues to rise and strongly. For example, the total number of crimes in 2006 doubled compared to the 95th.
So why are we all convinced that crime has dropped dramatically, that it was dangerous to go out in the 90s, and now there is stability?
We don’t read statistics, we weren’t personally attacked in the 90s every day, few people can boast that they saw machine-gun firefights of bandits on the streets of cities.
Most likely, the thing is that the media have changed, which create a general information background. Which is deposited in our heads.
In the 90s, the news began with terrible pictures from Chechnya, and ended with contract killings. I remember that we only heard about Russian cities if someone was killed in them, or something exploded.
Now the news begins with a picture of a meeting in the Kremlin, and ends with victories in nanotechnology. And we hear about Russian cities only when a big official comes to them.
In short, if the statistics do not lie, then the TV is quite capable of deceiving tens of millions of people. And if she is lying, then it’s not good either, which means that the defiling enemies work in our government.
Robbery, rob and steal began one and a half to two times more. The number of murders and assassinations compared to the 90s slightly decreased in 2006, but still remained at a level close to 30,000 per year.
Since 2000, rape has become 2 times less compared to the communist 1990. What happened to our morality? She probably fell, and sex became more accessible, exactly twice. 
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The turnover of drugs jumps, having fallen in 2001, began to grow again in 2004. But still - much more than in 1995.
Traffic rules were violated 5 times less than in 1990. Despite the fact that these are absolute numbers and there are many times more cars. It raises doubts, maybe bribes began to be given more often? Or is the quality of foreign cars so strongly affected? 
Mass terrorism has appeared and disappeared in the last eight years. At its peak, it was 5 times higher than the "dashing nineties"
