The largest country in the world - Russia - has a powerful structured potential of the Armed Forces. Control over the fulfillment of the lawful duty of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the central bodies of military command, to which four territorial districts with all types and branches of the RF troops are subordinate.
The entire structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is subject to the Commander-in-Chief - the President of the Russian Federation. Having the right to impose martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation, he can also adopt new directives and laws. The fulfillment of these laws is a sacred duty for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
General Staff and Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
The command and control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is controlled by the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation rely on the General Staff as the main body of operational control of the entire structure as a whole.
After the reform of the RF Armed Forces in 2008, the work of the General Staff to ensure the country's security was divided into two areas:
Strategic use and construction of the RF Armed Forces;
Comprehensive planning of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, the organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation distributes responsibility between the existing units into two levels.
- Responsibility for combat training lies with the main commands of the types of troops, formations and formations.
- Responsibility for operational readiness lies with the formations, the General Staff and the joint strategic commands.
After the reform, the General Staff focused on fulfilling new responsibilities. As a result, it became the main governing body of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Distribution of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation into military districts
The distribution of the territory of the state into military districts is practiced not only in the Russian Federation, but also in many other countries. This was done in order to achieve the most prompt response of the Armed Forces to aggression or other illegal actions against the interests of the Russian Federation on its specific territory.
Thus, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were divided into four military districts.
- Western VO (management from St. Petersburg).
- Eastern Military District (management from Khabarovsk).
- Southern VO (management from Rostov-on-Don).
- Central VO (management from Yekaterinburg).
Each VO makes up the types of the Armed Forces, the types of troops of the Russian Federation.
Types and types of troops of the Russian Federation
The command and control of the Armed Forces is divided into three types and some types of troops of the Russian Federation. The types of troops are:
- ground troops;
- air Force;
- navy of the Russian Federation.
Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Russian Navy
The Russian Navy conducts surveillance and control over the entire coastal territory of Russia. This type of RF Armed Forces has distributed all duties among four defensive fleets. These include fleets: Pacific, Baltic, Black Sea and Northern, as well as the Caspian flotilla.
The Caspian Flotilla alone includes:
Submarine and surface forces;
Coastal troops and naval aviation;
Service and support units;
Air Force
The Russian Air Force gives priority to the protection and security of the military and state administration of the country, strategic objects of missile and nuclear forces, military groups and especially important areas of the country.
As a result, the Air Force prevents air attacks and infiltration of enemy intelligence. Also, the Air Force significantly increases the mobility of the army. The tasks of the Air Force include conducting extensive reconnaissance and performing special tasks, as well as protecting the state from attack by military and nuclear fire.
Kind of sun
All types of the Armed Forces, including the Russian branches of the armed forces, are an integral part of the RF Armed Forces, specially formed to conduct military operations in all elements (earth, air, water).
Three independent subdivisions are referred to the arms of the Armed Forces.
- Rocket troops of strategic importance.
- Airborne troops of the Russian Federation.
- Space troops.
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Missile Forces is considered an independent arm of the Russian Federation. These troops were created to protect against a possible nuclear attack by the enemy, as well as to attack and completely destroy the military and economic potential of the enemy.
The Strategic Missile Forces consist of armies and missile divisions. Also under the control of the Strategic Missile Forces are military educational complexes, institutions, training grounds and enterprises.
The basis of the weapons of the Strategic Missile Forces are missile systems of both stationary and mobile types. The most active period and the highest combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces is combat duty.
Airborne Troops
The Airborne Forces belong to an independent branch of the military. They have mobile training of high value. The specifics of the Airborne Forces are active combat operations from the air and the conduct of operations in its rear.
When it comes to tactically making important decisions or performing operational combat missions, the Airborne Forces have the authority to act independently. This applies to both major and local conflicts.
Although the Airborne Forces cannot be attributed to numerous ones, but 95% of this branch of the military consists of units of regular combat readiness.
The VDV includes:
- four divisions;
- 31 airborne brigade;
- Ryazan Institute of the Airborne Forces;
- service and support parts;
- 242 military training centers.
space troops
The space arms of the Armed Forces are a relatively new and independent arm of the armed forces. Designed by KV to prevent a missile attack on the territory of Russia and allied countries.
If enemy ballistic missiles attack the defended area, the HF immediately react and resist, providing security. HF also controls outer space. The task of the spacecraft is also the fulfillment of the Federal program of Russia for the study and development of near space.
The space arms of the Russian Federation include:
Testing center;
Parts of the troops of the missile attack warning system;
Parts of the space control troops;
Parts of the anti-missile defense forces of the Russian Federation;
Center for control and management of space facilities. Titov;
Russian government spaceports.
Other types of aircraft
The types of the Armed Forces and the types of troops of the Russian Federation, which play an important role in protecting the state, include those that ensure the protection of the state territory in the sphere of the individual, society and the state. This type is the border troops of the FSB of the Russian Federation. Under the protection of the FSB fall the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, internal waters and territorial seas. Search and reconnaissance from the air is carried out by border aviation.
Aviation of the border troops:
- provides air mobility of troops;
- evacuation of the injured, wounded;
- delivery of military equipment.
Internal troops
No less important is the protection of the rights of citizens of the country, which is provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. These troops protect the interests of society, protect citizens, their rights and freedom. The Ministry of Internal Affairs provides security from crimes and illegal encroachments on the property and personality of citizens of the Russian Federation.
The main tasks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include:
Compliance with the regime of martial law;
Neutralization of suspicious formations;
Prevention of conflicts dangerous for the state;
Protection of state objects of special importance;
Public order protection;
The personnel of the explosives gain experience in military service in formations and operational troops.
Civil Defense Troops
The Ministry of Emergency Situations belongs to the civil defense forces. Since, after the adoption of the Geneva Convention, it was decided that the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations do not participate in hostilities, during the war they regularly provide humanitarian assistance and protect the civilian population.
The Ministry of Emergency Situations is armed with rescue equipment. The type of activity of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is aimed at combating the consequences of fires, earthquakes and other disasters. In peacetime, the Ministry of Emergency Situations trains citizens to protect themselves. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations include the evacuation of the population in the event of a military conflict. Thus, we received an answer to the question of what types of troops help the population in an emergency.
Many people who are ignorant of military affairs may wonder what kind of troops there are in the Russian army. The answer here is very simple - Russian units include elite troops, ground units, navy, aviation. Each part performs its own function. For large units (navy, air force, ground forces), there are support departments such as air defense, artillery. Many parts are intertwined.
The regiments began to come to the modern look after the collapse of the Russian Empire. The delimitation of troops, according to Wikipedia and other open sources, was finally established in the early 2000s, when the last reform of the Main Military Directorate took place.
The general structure of the Russian army
The number of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for 2017 is 798 thousand military personnel. Most of them are employed by the ground forces. The structure of the RF Armed Forces 2017, despite the reduction in the number of employees, has not changed and remains the same since the reform in the 2000s. What troops are in the Russian army:
- ground troops;
- military air fleet;
- Navy.
Separately, you need to consider the elite units - the fourth point in the overall structure. This includes space troops whose members do not perform military functions, these are cosmonauts and employees who ensure the creation and dispatch of space rockets. The employees of these units do not need to be armed, but they receive military awards and badges.
The Russian military forces are commanded by the Main Directorate (GOU), which is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This body coordinates troop units in wartime and peacetime and determines their tasks.
The main tasks of the units according to the latest list of targets from the Ministry of Defense:
- Ground units - providing anti-tank protection, foot offensive, border protection, reconnaissance operations, the fight against terrorism, for example, in Syria.
- Aviation - ensuring air security, hitting targets at a great distance, transporting military units and military cargo.
- Elite units - technical support for the army, space exploration (for space troops), missile support.
- Marine fleet - protection of maritime borders, military maritime transportation, transportation of military and important cargoes, supply of weapons, resolution of military conflicts, naval protection.
The ground and naval forces are also entrusted with the responsibility of providing anti-terrorist protection. Naval personnel escort ships in dangerous areas, land personnel are engaged in the search and elimination of terrorist groups along with the police.
The composition of the Russian army changes every year. In 2016, there were about one million military personnel, and by 2017 the number of employees was reduced by 100,000. It should be borne in mind that some of them are conscripts undergoing military service.
The draft conscripts are annually reduced by several tens of thousands of people, which can explain the reduction in the number of employees. They provide an increase in the entire structure of troops in the Russian army according to the list above: conscripts replenish the composition of both ground, sea and air forces, they can be in artillery, infantry or motorized rifle units.
Each unit is controlled by its command staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (officers). For the fleet, these are admirals, for land units, they are generals. The entire volume of troops of the Russian army is subordinate first of all to the President of the Russian Federation, then to the Ministry of Defense.
Schemes of the military structure of Russia
You can imagine the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2017 with a diagram to make it more clear and understandable.
The most branched body of the army is the ground forces.
For an even more visual explanation of the structure of the VS, you can download a short video on this topic. All units are divided into subordinate associations - battalions, companies, platoons, brigades.
Due to the large branching of the military network of the Russian Federation, the country annually spends a large amount on providing troops. Military spending data is presented in the presentation of the overall 2017 budget schedule in the spending column. 1,021 billion rubles are spent on military needs (defence). The support of intelligence groups takes part of the funds aimed at supporting security.
The military structure is the most specific among other bodies. The military even have one, which is separate from the Supreme Court of Russia.
Land units
The structure of this division includes several support departments:
- motorized rifle units;
- artillery;
- tank forces;
- air defense installations.
The main tasks are performed by motorized rifle units. They are tasked with a forced, quick attack, reconnaissance and defeat of enemy infantry. The main goal is to capture enemy territories. Tank troops are allocated to support motorized rifle units. They reinforce offensive positions and help protect the occupied territories.
Tank forces are mostly used for strategic purposes to break through blockades and echelons. They attack from the flanks or lead a frontal attack. The main advantage of these units is high damage, an armored hull, the ability to destroy not only enemy military personnel, but also equipment, important enemy defense systems. The disadvantage is the lack of maneuverability.
Artillery mounts are used to destroy enemy points from a long distance. Artillery is hard to destroy, so a small amount of equipment and personnel is enough to provide defense. The defeat of artillery points is complicated by the fact that they are installed in hidden high locations.
To ensure the protection of the airspace while the remaining units are attacking, air defenses are used. They prevent mortar strikes from the air, the landing of nuclear missiles, the dropping of point shells. Air defense is capable of shooting down not only bombers, but also enemy cargo or military passenger aircraft.
Navy
There are several divisions in the naval units. The first is the coastal troops, which guard the Russian-Japanese, Russian-Ukrainian and other maritime borders and defend Russian national interests in the maritime sector. The composition of the military personnel in this unit is significant and is almost as good as the “dry” unit.
Another service option is . These soldiers provide protection for ships and act as defenders in naval conflicts. And finally, directly the sailors themselves, who serve on warships.
High demands are placed on people who want to serve in the Navy - high growth, increased health characteristics, developed muscles. The candidate must show that he is mentally stable; it is best if he began to prepare for the service as a child. Such a policy is associated with a high risk of injury in the navy, the presence of overloads. Due to the increased danger of service, the military of these units retire at the age of 30.
The fleet is located on all maritime platforms accessible to Russian employees - the Black Sea, the Baltic, and the Pacific Ocean. Some employees cooperate or come into contact with the sailors of NATO countries.
Aviation and elite troops
Aviation can be long-range, front-line and army. Long-range strikes targets at a great distance. The front-line provides an attack, dropping mines directly above the target. Army aviation ensures the supply of cargo and military personnel. Together with aviation, air defense installations are always used (when defending positions).
Separate elite units include space troops, special forces, and privileged structures. They carry out the tasks of ensuring internal and external security, and the space forces are responsible for scientific activities and space exploration.
The military structure of the national army is dynamic and may soon undergo reforms again, this is due to modernization, new management requirements, new opportunities in the technical field.
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies of military command, associations, formations, units, subunits and organizations that are part of the types and types of troops, the rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and troops that are not included in the types and types of troops.
TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense of Russia), the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputies of the minister of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the composition of the central governing bodies includes the High Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform the assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Air Force, the Navy.
Each branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special forces and rear services.
Under kind of troops is understood as a part of the service of the RF Armed Forces, which differs in the main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent types of troops. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Aerospace Defense Forces and the Airborne Forces.
Associations- these are military formations, including several formations or associations of a smaller scale, and TE.KZh6 units and institutions. The formations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.
Military district- is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The military district covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.
Fleet- the highest operational association of the Navy. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.
Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations. The word "connection" means the connection of parts: the division headquarters has the status of a unit to which other units (regiments) are subordinate. Together, this is the division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection. This happens if it includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. The brigade headquarters in this case, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and the battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.
Part- is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types of the RF Armed Forces. The concept of "part" most often refers to the regiment and brigade. In addition to them, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison consumer services complex, central school of junior specialists, etc.). Parts can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as separate companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Flag, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Flag.
Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of "division, divide", i.e. part is divided into divisions.
TO organizations include such structures for supporting the life of the RF Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.
Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation It is designed to provide all types of material resources and the maintenance of their stocks, prepare and operate communications, ensure military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield, etc.), as well as repair, medical, rear guards and other units and subunits.
Quartering and arrangement of troops- the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, quartering troops, creating conditions for the strategic deployment of the RF Armed Forces and the conduct of hostilities.
The troops that are not included in the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia), and the Civil Defense Troops.
Border troops designed to protect the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve the problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.
Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.
Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters.
The armed forces in any state are a key element in ensuring the country's defense capability. Their proper management depends on their proper organization. The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ensures the rapid and correct performance of the functions assigned by law to the state military organization of the country.
Structure of the RF Armed Forces
The Armed Forces is a military organization of the Russian Federation, the main function of which is to repulse military aggression in order to ensure territorial integrity, as well as to fulfill tasks in accordance with Russia's international obligations. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created on May 7, 1992. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander. In accordance with the Decree of the President of 2008, the strength of the Russian Armed Forces is set at 2,019,629 people, of which 1.3 million are military personnel.
Organizationally, the Armed Forces consist of three branches, three separate branches of service, Logistics, as well as the Cantonment Service, which is not a branch of the Armed Forces. In addition, the Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was also created according to the territorial principle: the territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 4 military districts.
Territorial structure
Today in the Russian Federation there are four military districts, which are assumed by the territorial structure of the Armed Forces:
- Western military district. The command and headquarters are in St. Petersburg.
- Eastern military district. The command and headquarters are in Khabarovsk.
- Central military district. The command and headquarters are in Yekaterinburg.
- Southern military district. The command and headquarters are in Rostov-on-Don.
The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation on the diagram:
Aircraft types
The main element of the Armed Forces are types of the Armed Forces. In the military department of Russia, the law establishes the existence of three types of armed forces: the Air Force, the Ground Forces and the Navy.
To date, the Ground Forces are the most numerous branch of the Russian armed forces. Their main function is to conduct offensive operations, the purpose of which is to defeat the enemy, capture and hold his territory, individual regions and lines, repulse the invasion of the enemy’s country and his large landing forces, and deliver artillery and missile strikes to great depths. In turn, the Ground Forces organizationally consist of military branches. These types of troops can perform tasks independently or jointly.
Motor Rifle Troops (MSV)- the most numerous branch of the army in the Ground Forces. They are also the most numerous branch of the military. To date, the motorized rifle troops are armed with armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, which should ensure the mobility of the infantry. MSV organizationally consist of motorized rifle subunits, units and formations.
Motorized rifle, tank, artillery and other subunits and units may be part of the MSV.
Tank Troops (TV)- the main strike force, characterized by high mobility, maneuverability and resistance to the effects of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear ones. The main tasks, based on the technical equipment of TV: the implementation of a breakthrough, the development of operational success. Artillery, motorized rifle, missile, tank units and subunits can operate as part of the TV.
Missile Forces and Artillery (RViA): nuclear and fire defeat of the enemy is the main task. It is armed with rocket and cannon artillery. The MFA includes units, units and formations of howitzer, rocket, cannon, anti-tank artillery, as well as structural elements of support, control, mortars and artillery reconnaissance.
Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces (Air Defense SV)- this type of troops must ensure the protection of the Ground Forces from air strikes, as well as counteraction to enemy air reconnaissance. Towed, mobile, portable anti-aircraft gun systems and anti-aircraft missile systems are in service with the SV air defense.
Also, the organizational structure of the Armed Forces implies the presence in the Armed Forces of special troops and services that perform highly specialized tasks in order to ensure the daily and combat activities of the ground forces.
- Signal Corps,
- Electronic Warfare Troops,
- engineering troops,
- automobile troops,
- Railway troops, etc.
are special forces.
Air Force
Air Force similarly, the Ground Forces consist of aviation branches that ensure the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Air Force.
Long-range aviation is designed to strike and strike at the strategic and operational depth of the enemy's military groupings, its important areas in economic and strategic terms, including with the help of nuclear weapons.
Front-line aviation operates at operational depth. It can perform tasks both independently and during joint operations on land and at sea.
Army Aviation provides support to ground forces by destroying enemy armored and mobile objects. Also, the forces of the Army Aviation provide the mobility of the Ground Forces.
Military transport aviation carries out the transportation of goods, troops and equipment, and is also involved in military air operations. In peacetime, the main function is to ensure the vital activity of the Armed Forces, and in wartime, the mobility of the Armed Forces.
The structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation assumes the presence in the composition Special Air Force, Anti-aircraft missile troops And Radio engineering troops which significantly expand the range of tasks assigned to the Air Force.
Navy
Navy- the main force of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to protect the interests of Russia in the Exclusive Maritime (Economic) Zone, conduct search and rescue operations, and conduct military operations at sea.
The Navy is composed of:
- submarine force,
- surface forces,
- coastal troops,
- naval aviation,
- parts and connections for special purposes.
The Navy is also organizationally divided into:
- Baltic Fleet,
- Black Sea Fleet,
- northern fleet,
- pacific fleet,
- Caspian flotilla.
Independent branches of the military
Some tasks require special equipment and trained personnel. The structure of the Armed Forces assumes the existence of independent branches of service:
- Airborne troops;
- Strategic Rocket Forces;
- Aerospace Defense Troops.
Aerospace Defense Troops
The youngest branch of the military. Although our country began space exploration back in the 1960s, it was only in the 21st century that the Aerospace Defense Forces were separated into a separate branch of the Strategic Missile Forces.
The most important tasks are:
- detection of a missile attack;
- spacecraft constellation management;
- missile defense of the capital of Russia.
Strategic Rocket Forces
Today they are the main land component of Russia's nuclear forces. The main function is considered to be deterrence of possible aggression. But if necessary, they can deliver a preemptive strike on important economic and military targets of the enemy, as well as the destruction of his military groupings.
Airborne Troops
They were created in the 1930s. Today, they are entrusted with the function of conducting landing operations and conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.
