Summer is here and every day is getting warmer and warmer. This is the most favorable time for the appearance of poisonous mushrooms and plants. The problem of acute poisoning in children is one of the most urgent in the summer. Often there are poisonings between the ages of 1 and 5 years.
Unlike adults, poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and plants in children is more difficult because:
1. All organ systems are still immature
2. Low resistance of the body to poison.
3. Characterized by a faster penetration of the poison into the body.
4. The tendency of the child's body to toxicosis and exicosis (dehydration).
Prevention of poisoning by poisonous plants and mushrooms consists in precautionary measures.
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"Caution: Poisonous Mushrooms and Plants"
Purpose: to form a child's understanding of the existence of poisonous plants and mushrooms;
to acquaint with the plants of our site;
To teach to distinguish between poisonous plants and mushrooms, to give knowledge that a person can be poisoned by the poisons of these plants;
educate respect for all mushrooms and plants.
Material: The game "Unravel the confusion", "Herbarium".
Conversation flow:
Game "Unravel the confusion"
On the table are pictures on which individual parts of plants are drawn, children are invited to connect them.
You can show the children in the picture of the child who is in the hospital. Ask to discuss what might have happened to him. Lead to the idea that it is dangerous to touch and take unfamiliar plants and mushrooms into your mouth.
Conversation
Ask the children which plants on the site of our kindergarten are familiar to them.
Discuss with children what parts plants have, what they look like, names, read poems or make riddles. Discuss with the children what a plant or mushroom can be dangerous for.
Some children have a habit of biting or chewing any blade of grass. This is a very bad habit. Children should remember that the stems, leaves, flowers and berries of many plants are poisonous and can cause irreparable harm to health.
But any mushrooms, like plants and animals, need human care and protection.
Examination of the herbarium, posters and encyclopedias
Dealing with a problem situation
I found a big, beautiful mushroom, what to do with it?
Remember RULES:
The best defense against poisonous plants is not to touch any flower or shrub if you are not familiar with them, because even touching poisonous plants can be dangerous: this can cause skin burns with blisters and wounds that are difficult to heal.
Picking mushrooms is a fun activity. But it also happens that mushrooms grow not only in the forest, but also in the city, in the park and on the garden plot.
Remember - mushrooms in the city, even if they are edible, are dangerous. They contain a lot of nitrates, absorb exhaust gases, radiation. Therefore, when you meet a mushroom in the garden area, do not touch it, but show it to the teacher and parents.
If you do touch a plant or mushroom, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water.
Target: provide colleagues with one of the options for instructing about poisonous plants before going out into nature.
1. Give an idea of the most likely occurrence of poisonous plants in central Russia.
2. Rules of conduct in the natural environment.
3. Consider first aid in case of poisoning by poisonous plants.
All people, who more often, who less often, plan to spend outdoor recreation, especially in the warm season. These can be walks in the forest or in the park, trips for mushrooms or berries, hiking trips, excursions, and other trips. You rarely meet a person who is indifferent to flowers, beautiful herbs growing in a forest or in a park. Despite the increased interest in wild food and medicinal plants, most people are completely unfamiliar with the plant world. The use of unknown or incorrectly identified plants often leads to poisoning, including severe, even fatal. Most often, children suffer who do not know about the existence of poisonous plants, who do not know how to identify them, or who do not understand the consequences of careless handling of them. Adults not only cannot always warn a child, but they themselves are not careful enough with plants. This is especially true for city dwellers.
Therefore, students should periodically be reminded of the rules of behavior in nature. Caution does not hurt if we go to the country, to the park or for a walk in our yard or on the boulevard where there is a lot of greenery.
Guidelines
Some of the plants are not safe for humans. Some are poisonous, others can cause severe burns. Acute poisoning is caused by fruits, roots, stems and flowers of plants. Poisonous plants make up approximately 2% of the total number of known species, in our country there are about 400 species. Poisonous plants include some medicinal, food and ornamental plants.
The best defense against poisonous plants is not to touch a single flower or shrub unless you are familiar with them.
There are many plants that look and even taste similar to food, for example, radish, parsley, horseradish. Particularly attractive are the bright fruits of forest and some ornamental plants found in the city. Children often become victims of poisoning with such fruits. For a child, even the amount of a poisonous substance that causes only a slight malaise in an adult is deadly. There are plants (for example, milestone, aka hemlock) that cause severe poisoning even if you take a piece of such a plant in your mouth and immediately spit it out. Among the umbrella family (to which milestones belong) there are many poisonous plants. Some plants, such as cow parsnip, cause severe skin irritation. The plant is large, up to 3 m tall. During the heat in the sun, people sometimes hide from the sun in the shade of this plant. These people develop burns, in severe cases, fatal. From plants of the umbrella family, children like to make pipes, it is deadly if the plant is poisonous.
You can also be poisoned by volatile substances secreted by aromatic plants (ledum). Large bouquets of lilies, bird cherry, lupine, and other strongly smelling plants in a poorly ventilated room cause weakness, headache, dizziness, and sometimes loss of consciousness.
WHITE BLACK
Picture of poisoning: psychosis with hallucinations, strong thirst, temperature rises, dilated pupils, photophobia.
Meaning: medicinal.
STINKY DURMAN
Poison Organs: Whole plant and seeds.
Picture of poisoning: dry mouth, swallowing disorder, orientation, memory loss, bloody diarrhea, dilated pupils.
Meaning: medicinal.
LILY OF THE VALLEY MAY
Poisonous organs: the whole plant and fruits.
Picture of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrest.
Meaning: medicinal, decorative.
BOUGHT MEDICINAL
Poisonous Organs: All parts of the plant.
Picture of poisoning: nausea, vomiting, heart failure, skin irritation
Meaning: decorative.
RAVEN EYE
Poisonous Organs: The whole plant is poisonous.
Picture of poisoning: headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea.
Meaning: wild.
Poison Organs: Grass and unripe nightshade fruits.
Picture of poisoning: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inhibition of motor and mental activity.
Meaning: black nightshade - food, bittersweet nightshade - decorative.
Hogweed Sosnowsky
Picture of poisoning: inflammation of the skin similar to a burn, chills, dizziness, headache, fever.
Meaning: fodder.
MECHANISM POISONOUS (CHICUTA)
Poisonous organs: the whole plant, especially the rhizome.
Picture of poisoning: headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, feeling of coldness in the whole body, imbalance, decreased skin sensitivity, secretion of thick saliva, death from respiratory arrest.
Meaning: honey plant, in folk medicine.
hemlock spotted
Poison organs: whole plant
WOLF BATT
Poisonous organs: the whole plant.
Picture of poisoning: nausea, salivation, dizziness, impaired swallowing, speech, blanching of the skin.
Meaning: Weed, in folk medicine.
Marsh Ledum
Poisonous organs: aerial part.
Picture of poisoning: weakness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, respiratory failure, suffocation.
Value: medicinal, insecticidal, tannic.
Poisonous organs: bark, roots, leaves, fruits.
Picture of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding.
Meaning: decorative.
Poisonous organs: leaves and fruits.
Picture of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, circulatory disorders, with severe poisoning - death.
Meaning: decorative.
Poison organs: berries.
Picture of poisoning: pain in the pancreas, vomiting, diarrhea.
Meaning: decorative.
Poisonous organs: leaves, flowers, immature fruits,
Picture of poisoning: dizziness, headache, weakness, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.
Meaning: food, in folk medicine, honey plant..
Poisonous organs: one of the most poisonous plants, juice, fruits are poisonous.
Picture of poisoning: vomiting, diarrhea, severe inflammation of the intestines, blisters may appear on the skin when touched.
Meaning: wild.
ACONITES (FIGHTERS)
Poisonous organs: the whole plant.
The picture of poisoning: burning in the mouth, salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, general weakness, chills, loss of consciousness, cardiac paralysis or respiratory arrest. The poison is absorbed even through intact skin.
Meaning: wild.
Hellebore LOBEL
Meaning: medicinal.
Corydalis Hollow
Poisonous organs: the whole plant, most of the roots.
Picture of poisoning: sore throat, scratching in the nose, eyes. Swallowing is difficult. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, intense thirst.
Meaning: medicinal.
Poisonous organs: grass, berries, green in the light or overwintered tubers.
The picture of poisoning: irritation of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, inhibition of the activity of the central nervous system.
Meaning: food, fodder, technical.
First aid for poisonous plants
If you suspect that you have accidentally consumed a poisonous plant with food, you should immediately, without waiting for the appearance of signs of poisoning, begin to provide first aid to the victim. Its effectiveness depends on the speed of removing the poison from the body. Even if there was spontaneous vomiting, the victim is recommended to drink four to five glasses of warm water, for children - at the rate of half a glass for each year of life. This usually results in vomiting. If this does not happen, you need to press on the root of the tongue with a teaspoon or finger (if the person is unconscious, vomiting cannot be caused).
Then you need to take substances that prevent the absorption of poison into the blood: a few tablets of activated charcoal or its substitutes - starch paste, two to three egg whites mixed in a glass of water, milk or black crackers. Since these funds act for a short time, then after 15-20 minutes after taking them, you need to induce vomiting again. Instead of water, it is good to use a light pink one percent solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate). In case of poisoning by aromatic plants, the patient is recommended to be taken out to an open, ventilated place, in case of weakening of breathing, let ammonia be inhaled, then put to bed, warm, drink strong tea.
After contact with plants that cause burns, the affected areas of the skin should be washed with soap and water, wipe the formed bubbles with cologne or alcohol, apply a clean bandage.
After providing first aid, be sure to consult a doctor.
Description of promising results
Interest in nature is shown by people of all ages. The material is intended primarily for teachers, parents, all nature lovers. Students who have mastered the knowledge of poisonous plants will be able to protect themselves and their younger sisters and brothers from troubles in nature.
Bibliography
1. Averkiev D.S., Averkiev V.D. Determinant of plants of the Gorky region. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - Gorky: Volga-Vyatka book. publishing house 1985. - 320 p.
2. Gubanov I.A. et al. Key to higher plants in the middle zone of the European part of the USSR; Manual for teachers / I.A. Gubanov, V.S. Novikov, V.N. Tikhomirov.- M.: Enlightenment, 1981.- 287 p.
3. Children's encyclopedia. Help yourself and others or safety in emergencies. Subscription index 34182 in the catalog "Press of Russia".
4. Novikov V.S., Gubanov I.A. School atlas-determinant of higher plants: Book. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 239 p.
5. Fundamentals of life safety: 6 cells. Proc. for general-arr. E.N. Litvinov, A.T. Smirnov, M.P. Frolov, S.V. Petrov, T.S. Vikhoreva, 1st ed. - M.: AST Publishing House, 1998. - 160 p.: ill.
Beautiful, hospitable, kind world of nature. But you should also remember about the danger that lurks in some plants. Going to nature, you need to know which of them can meet on the way. It is important to show and tell about these plants to children. rule- DO NOT TOUCH THESE PLANTS- should be tough.
Signs of poisoning by poisonous plants and mushrooms are approximately the same: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, convulsions, loss of consciousness. If signs of poisoning appear, urgent medical attention is required. It is necessary to take measures to cleanse the stomach. Give the victim several glasses of warm water and induce vomiting.
The most common causes of poisoning are plants from the nightshade family - henbane, dope, belladonna. All parts of these plants contain poisonous substances.
Black henbane grows like a weed. The leaves are large, the flowers are dirty yellow with dark purple veins, the fruit looks like a poppy. Poisoning occurs with "poppy seeds", as well as white roots, similar to the roots of garden plants.
Datura vulgaris is an annual, unpleasantly smelling plant, up to 1 m high. The largest amount of toxic substances accumulates in flowers and leaves. Cases of dope poisoning are rarer than henbane, but they are more severe. The smell of the beautiful flowers of the plant also has an intoxicating effect, if a bequet of them is placed in the room.
BELLADONNA (popular name "belladonna", "sleepy dope") can be found along the banks of rivers, on the edges of forests, clearings. This is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 2 m high. The fruit is a purple-black shiny juicy berry the size of a cherry, which causes poisoning.
Children are attracted 
also red-juicy
lily of the valley berries,
blue-black,
blueberry-like
RAVEN eye.
And those and others
very dangerous.
On the branches of a low shrub you can find bright red, pea-sized berries - WOLF'S BATT. Several of these berries can cause severe inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, and become fatal for a child.
Of the poisonous mushrooms, the most dangerous is the PALE TOADS. The main features of this mushroom are a cover on the lower part of the stem and a fringe ring on the upper part. The color of the cap is white, greenish or yellowish.
Thematic conversation
"Prevention of Poisoning by Poisonous Mushrooms"
Edible mushrooms in human nutrition have a taste value and are used mainly as a seasoning for dishes.
Mushrooms , that grow in our area,are divided into edible, conditionally edible and poisonous.
TO edible mushrooms include: porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, champignons, etc.
Fresh mushrooms are recommended to be cooked immediately after they are harvested, as they quickly deteriorate. You can store them for no more than 1 day. Salted and pickled mushrooms are stored for no more than a year. Only young, not wormy and unripe mushrooms can be eaten.
To the group conditionally edible mushrooms include: morels, stitches, milk mushrooms, pigs, etc. In these mushrooms, especially in the skin of the hats, there are toxic substances that turn into water during boiling. After 15 minutes of boiling these mushrooms in salt water, it is necessary to remove the upper skin from the caps, rinse in cold water and boil and fry again.
TO poisonous mushrooms include: pale grebe, false mushrooms, red and spotted fly agaric. The toxic substances contained in the mushrooms of this group do not pass into the decoction and are not destroyed even during prolonged heat treatment.
Eating poisonous mushrooms leads to the occurrence of single or group poisonings, which in most cases, especially in children, end in death.
The reason for the ingestion of mushrooms in food is, on the one hand, externalresemblance to some edible mushrooms, and on the other hand, the frivolous attitude of the population to the collection and preparation of mushrooms.
Children often pick mushrooms or people who do not know how edible mushrooms differ from poisonous ones.
The first signs of poisoning after eating mushrooms appear after 2-6 hours, in some cases even later. All mushroom poisonings cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract with the following symptoms: abdominal pain, sometimes colicky, nausea, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, sometimes convulsions. The temperature usually rises.
In cases of mushroom poisoning, you must call a doctor or send the victim to the hospital. Before the doctor arrives, the patient should immediately wash the stomach and intestines. For this purpose, give the victim to drink 2-3 glasses of salted water, and then, mechanically irritating the root of the tongue and throat with your fingers, induce vomiting. Repeat this procedure several times, after which the patient should be put to bed (on his stomach) and put a heating pad at his feet. It is recommended to drink cold sweet tea, coffee, milk or curdled milk.
Before the doctor arrives, the patient should not eat. It must be remembered that the toxic effect of mushrooms on the human body does not decrease with the use of alcoholic beverages, on the contrary, this contributes to the absorption of toxic substances and enhances their effect.
To avoid mushroom poisoning, you need to learn to distinguishedible mushrooms from poisonous ones, carefully learn the rules for collecting, storing andcooking from them.
Remember that drying, salting, pickling, and heat treatment do not destroy the poison in mushrooms. Therefore, poisoning can occur at any time when using prepared inedible mushrooms for the future.
Prevent mushroom poisoning!!!
Conversation on the topic "Poisonous mushrooms and berries of the Crimea"
Target: introduce students to poisonous berries, mushrooms, first aid for poisoning
Plan
1. Poisonous mushrooms of the Crimea
panther fly agaric
Death cap
Fly agaric
Amanita smelly (white, white grebe)
2. Poisonous berries
Nightshade bittersweet (red)
Belladonna
Calla (calla) marsh
Euonymus
Privet (Wolf Berries)
Elder herb (stinky)
wolfberry, daphne
Voronets spike-shaped black or Actaea spike-shaped
Voronet krasnoplodny (red; spiked red)
raven eye
Lily of the valley
3. First aid for poisoning with berries and mushrooms
Poisonous mushrooms of the Crimea
There are about 45 poisonous, inedible, hazardous to health types of mushrooms on the Crimean peninsula. Among them, different groups of mushrooms are distinguished by toxicity.
Fifth, group- this includes gray poisonous entoloma, tiger row, flat cap champignon - Symptoms of poisoning appear 0.5-5 hours after ingestion. An upset of the gastrointestinal tract, mild poisoning are detected, the malaise persists for up to 7 days.
TO 4 group refer shaggy and inky dung beetles . Poisoning will occur if you use these mushrooms with alcohol. To avoid unpleasant consequences, you can not drink alcoholic beverages for 3 days after eating mushroom food.
3 group- signs of poisoning appear 15-60 minutes after eating. In the worst case, isolated deaths are possible. These fungi include reddish, waxy, pale and orange-red talkers .
To the second group turned on panther and red fly agaric . In case of poisoning, death is possible.
panther fly agaric
The mushroom can be confused with the blushing fly agaric. They are distinguished by the color of the pulp. In the panther fly agaric, it is white and does not change at the break, but in the reddening fly agaric, it turns pink in this place
First group - extremely deadly poisonous mushrooms. Green, white spring fly agaric (pale grebe), brown-cherry silverfish . Symptoms appear after 8 to 40 hours. From folklore came several methods for identifying poisonous mushrooms at home. First of all, it is believed that poisonous mushrooms smell unpleasant. In fact, a young pale grebe, for example, smells like a mushroom, or has no smell at all.
Death cap
Olive green hat. Diameter - 12 cm. Fawn leg. The mushroom picker has up to 3-4 mushrooms. The pulp and plates are white. It can be confused with common champignon, but it should be borne in mind that the latter has pink plates. False champignon has a characteristic smell of carbolic acid, and on the cut - a specific yellowness of the pulp.
Fly agaric
The hat has a diameter of up to 10 cm, hemispherical shape and white color. Gradually, it acquires a flat-convex form of yellow-green coloring with white-gray flakes. Slightly sticky to the touch. The pulp is thick, white, soft. Under the skin, it has a yellowish tint. The smell is unpleasant, reminiscent of stale potatoes. The stem of the mushroom has a diameter of about 2 cm and a length of 10 cm. At its base is a tuberous thickening. The fungus is often found in the coniferous and forest deciduous zone from July to October. Unlike the pale toadstool and the smelly fly agaric, the mushroom has white flakes on the cap.
Amanita smelly (white, white grebe)
A hat with a diameter of up to 12 cm. The color is white. Slightly sticky to the touch. When dry it is shiny. The pulp is white. The smell is unpleasant. Cap plates adhere to the stem of the fungus. The color is also white. The leg has a length of up to 7 cm and a thickness of about 1.5 cm. It thickens towards the base.
There is also an opinion that insects are not interested in poisonous mushrooms. This statement is also not true, naked slugs and some insects are happy to feast on any kind of mushroom that they meet on the way. Checking mushrooms during cooking, by adding onions or silver to the vessel, a priori cannot give the right answer about the toxicity of mushrooms. The bulb may turn brown from a reaction with the enzyme tyranosinase, which is found in varying amounts in both poisonous and edible mushrooms. Silver darkens when it reacts with amino acids, which are also present in all mushrooms.
ATTENTION !
It is forbidden to apply taste testing to mushrooms, because this does not allow to determine the degree of danger of a particular species. The toxins in them have no antidote. If you are not sure of the complete harmlessness of the green dish, in no case do not eat it. In the old days they wrote: "Some lips, who accepts them, not knowing., Die in vain." Therefore, you should adhere to the main commandment of the mushroom picker: if you don’t know a mushroom, if you’re not sure, don’t take it!
When selecting mushrooms for the purpose of eating, one should not use "folk methods" for determining their safety: lowering a silver spoon or lunette into the broth, as well as onion and garlic heads. In both cases, it is possible to change their color when preparing safe mushrooms.
Dangerous is the delusion that supposedly insect larvae, snails do not infect poisonous mushrooms.
Do not rely on smells either. For example, the aroma of a deadly poisonous toadstool is no different from the smell of an edible champignon.
Using milk to determine the quality of mushrooms can also lead to serious errors. It can turn sour when an edible mushroom is placed in it.
poisonous berries
Poisonous berries can not only cause poisoning, but also lead to death. Therefore, it is extremely important to know what the poisonous berries of Russia look like. Before going to the forest, look at the pictures of poisonous berries so as not to be mistaken. You can take a photo with you, then the poisonous berries will definitely be identified. Be sure to tell the children about poisonous wild berries, explain what you can’t eat in the forest, what poisonous plants to beware of. Show them pictures or photos of poisonous berries. Poisoning with poisonous berries can be very serious, it is important not to eat unfamiliar fruits, no matter how tempting they look. Very often it is red berries and black berries that are poisonous. Our quick guide to poisonous berries will help you avoid trouble.
Nightshade bittersweet (red)
Bittersweet nightshade is a semi-shrub with a curly long stem (up to 2 m, and more in favorable conditions), with a woody base.
Leaves are ovate-pointed.
The flowers are purple, in drooping racemes.
Blooms from late May to September.
The fruits are red bittersweet poisonous berries, ripen in June - October.
Distribution of nightshade red
Red nightshade is widespread in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in Siberia and in the Far East along the banks of reservoirs, damp places, among shrubs. Often found in settlements, on the outskirts of villages, on the borders of vegetable gardens, on garbage heaps. Often, bittersweet nightshade is grown in home gardens as an ornamental vine.
The poisonous parts of nightshade
Poisonous in nightshade are leaves, stem and fruits. As the berries ripen, the poisonous properties of bittersweet nightshade berries, unlike black nightshade, do not disappear, since in addition to the poisonous glycoalkaloid solanine, which disappears when the berries ripen, there are also other toxic substances, in particular solidulcin and dulcamarin.
Symptoms of poisoning
The symptoms of poisoning with bittersweet nightshade are the same as for poisoning with other plants containing solanine and similar glycoalkaloids - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inhibition of motor and mental activity, shortness of breath, cardiovascular insufficiency. First aid - gastric lavage.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - nightshade red
Belladonna
It is also known under the names belladonna, rubella, sleepy dope, mad berry, wild cherry (Atropa belladonna) - a plant of the nightshade family. Perennial herbaceous plant 1-2 m high with an erect, thick green or purple-colored stem, forked-branched at the top. The leaves are petiolate, broadly lanceolate, alternate, but paired together, and always one is much larger than the others. Belladonna flowers are solitary, drooping, emerging from the axils of the upper leaves, bell-shaped, dirty purple (sometimes yellow) in color. It blooms from June to late autumn. shiny black-blue poisonous berry, flattened-spherical, juicy, sweet-sour, the size of a cherry.
Spread of belladonna
Belladonna is widespread in the Crimea, the Caucasus, and the Carpathians. Occurs in clearings, edges, shady glades.
Toxic Parts of Belladonna
All parts of the plant are poisonous. Poisoning occurs more often in children who are attracted to the poisonous berries of belladonna that resemble cherries or grapes (even 2-3 of its berries can cause severe poisoning in a child). They, as well as other parts of the plant, contain such very poisonous alkaloids as atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, etc.
Symptoms of poisoning
Signs of poisoning appear after 10-20 minutes. In case of mild poisoning, dryness and burning in the mouth and throat, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, palpitations. The voice becomes hoarse. The pupils are dilated and do not react to light. Violated near vision. Photophobia, flashing flies before the eyes. Dryness and redness of the skin. Excitation, sometimes delirium and hallucinations. In severe poisoning, complete loss of orientation, sudden motor and mental excitement, sometimes convulsions.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - belladonna
Calla (calla) marsh
Marsh calla is a juicy, thick-rhizome, creeping hydrophyte (a plant that grows halfway in water) 20-40 cm high with large shiny round-heart-shaped leaves (15-20 cm) on long petioles. The cob-shaped inflorescence is surrounded by a white (green on the reverse side), leaf-like veil.
The fruits are juicy red poisonous berries, collected in clusters.
Blossoms in May, June, fruits ripen from the end of June.
Calla spread
The marsh calla is widespread throughout Russia in swamps and marshy shores of reservoirs.
Toxic Parts of the Calla
The whole plant is poisonous, especially poisonous berries and rhizomes. Calla contains pungent saponin-like compounds, as well as volatile substances such as aroin with irritating properties.
Symptoms of calla poisoning
Nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, shortness of breath, tachycardia, convulsions. First aid - gastric lavage and laxatives.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - marsh calla
Euonymus
Euonymus is a deciduous shrub (sometimes a small tree) 3-4 meters tall, with "classic" elongated leaves, greenish small inconspicuous flowers.
Euonymus blooms in May-June. The fruits fully ripen in September-October.
The fruits are beautiful bright pink four-part capsules containing usually black seeds inside, covered (sometimes not completely) with fleshy orange or red pulp. As they mature, the boxes open.
Distribution of Euonymus
Euonymus is found in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, some species grow in the Far East (up to Eastern Siberia), Sakhalin, Kuril Islands.
Poison Parts of Euonymus
Everything is poisonous in the spindle tree - roots, bark, leaves, but the poisonous berries, which attract with their bright appearance, are the most dangerous.
Symptoms of poisoning with Euonymus
The use of poisonous spindle berries in food causes vomiting and diarrhea, large doses of berries can provoke intestinal bleeding.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - euonymus
Privet (Wolf Berries)
Privet is a genus of rather heat-loving shrubs of the olive family. Common privet is a deciduous shrub up to 5 meters high.
The leaves are simple, opposite. The inflorescences are white, similar to lilac flowers, also collected in panicles.
The fruit is a black berry. Privet blooms in May-July, after the appearance of leaves on it. Privet
The berries are poisonous, ripen in September-October and do not fall off for a long time.
Distribution of Privet
On the territory of the former USSR, common privet is found in its natural form. The halo of its distribution is the southwestern part of Russia, the Caucasus, Ukraine and Moldova.
Poison Parts of Privet
The leaves and berries of the plant are poisonous. The leaves are unlikely to be eaten by anyone, but the berries are quite similar to bird cherry.
Symptoms of Privet Poisoning
After eating poisonous privet berries, diarrhea, colic, weakness, loss of coordination, convulsions occur in 1-2 hours, in severe cases death is possible.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - privet
Elder herb (stinky)
Elder grass is a herbaceous perennial of the honeysuckle family with an unpleasant odor, with a thick creeping rhizome, a thick furrowed (sometimes sparsely pubescent) stem 60-170 cm high. Leaves with stipules, large (17-25 cm), pinnate of 7-11 pointed leaves, pubescent along the veins. Inflorescence herbal elder - umbellate panicle. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, white or reddish. The herbal elder blossoms in May - June.
Herbal elder fruits are black small berry-like drupes with 3-4 seeds and red juice. The herbaceous elder bears fruit in August - September.
Propagation elderberry herbal
The herbal elderberry is widespread in the southern part of Russia in the foothills and mountains, along the edges of forests and subalpine meadows. Often found as a weed.
Poison parts of Elder herb
Elderberry herbal leaves and flowers are poisonous. The unripe berries of elderberry are especially poisonous.
Symptoms of elderberry poisoning
The main symptoms of poisoning with poisonous elderberry berries are dizziness, headache, weakness, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Blue staining of the mucous membranes is characteristic as a result of the accumulation of oxyhemoglobin in the venous blood. Tachycardia is replaced in the later stages by bradycardia. There is shortness of breath with a delay in expiration, convulsions are possible. Death occurs from respiratory arrest due to acute heart failure.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - herbal elderberry
wolfberry, daphne
Daphne - a low shrub is popularly called wolf's bast or wolfberry. In April, branches of Daphne, a meter and a half tall, are almost entirely strewn with bunches of bright pink flowers, very similar to the color of lilacs. From flowering plants, a delicate peculiar aroma spreads. Daphne leaves are narrow, dark green. Poisonous berries - oval, first green, then red, ripen in late July-August.
Spread of Wolfberry
Wolfberry grows in the north of the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Caucasus. Prefers coniferous and mixed forests. It also occurs in deciduous forests.
Poison Parts of Wolfberry
Wolfberry flowers are poisonous. Inhalation of daphne pollen causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and respiratory tract. Not only flowers are poisonous, but the whole plant. No wonder one of the names of Daphne is the deadly wolfberry.
The bark of the wolf's bast is unusually bitter in taste and, when ingested, causes a burning sensation and scratching. Subsequently, blisters and ulcers form on the mucous membranes. Touching the wet bark of daphne, wolfberry to the skin can lead to the formation of ulcers.
No less burning juice from the leaves and poisonous berries of the wolf's bast. It is extremely dangerous to get wolfberry juice into the eyes. This threatens the formation of difficult-to-heal manifestations of the cornea.
Symptoms of Wolf's Bark Poisoning
After eating poisonous berries, there is a burning sensation in the mouth, pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, weakness, convulsions are possible. But the wolf's bast contains not only meserein, which strongly irritates the skin and mucous membranes, but also other toxic substances, in particular several types of coumarins, which cause increased bleeding.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - wolfberry
Voronets spike-shaped black or Actaea spike-shaped
Voronets spiky is a perennial poisonous herbaceous plant up to 80 cm high, with a thin branched stem, with large, on long petioles, twice and thrice pinnate leaves. The edges of the leaves are coarsely serrated.
The flowers are white or cream, small, collected in a fluffy panicle.
The berries are green at first, black when ripe, glossy, large, oval-cylindrical with a clearly visible trace of perianth. The berries are collected in a brush.
Distribution of Voronets spike-shaped black
Spike-shaped black crow grows in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia, in Altai, but is quite rare. Prefers shady damp places in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. Usually grows in thickets of bushes and trees. Black spike-shaped crow does not like open spaces. Blossoms in May-June, berries ripen in July-August.
Poisonous parts of Voronets spiky
The whole plant is highly poisonous. Especially poisonous are the berries of the black voronets.
Symptoms of poisoning with Voronets spike-shaped
The juice of the plant irritates the human skin, up to the formation of blisters. And even a small amount of the pulp of a poisonous berry is enough to cause severe upset in the gastrointestinal tract.
Poisonous berries, photo - black crow
Voronet krasnoplodny (red; spiked red)
Voronets red-fruited is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stems are thin, up to 70 cm high.
The leaves are usually thrice pinnate, with serrated margins. In appearance, the red-fruited crow is very similar to the spike-shaped crow, but differs from it, first of all, in the color of the fruit, slightly smaller berries, and also in the lighter color of the leaves.
The flowers are small, white, collected in a vertical brush-panicle.
The berries of the black crow are oblong-oval, medium in size, green at first, turn white as they ripen, and then turn red. Located on a vertical brush.
Distribution of Voronets krasnoplodny
Voronets krasnoplodny grows in coniferous and mixed forests, in the Far East, in Siberia and in the north of the European part of Russia.
Poisonous parts of Voronets krasnoplodny
All parts of the plant are poisonous. The most toxic are the berries of the black crow. Eating just two poisonous berries for a child can end tragically. But accidental poisoning with the berries of the red crow is hardly possible, since the plant has an unpleasant odor, and the berries are very bitter.
Symptoms of poisoning
Signs of poisoning with the berries of the red crow - nausea, dizziness, increased heart rate, severe upset of the gastrointestinal tract.
Poisonous berries, photo - Red Voronets
raven eye
The raven eye is a perennial plant of a very characteristic appearance. A low stem framed by spreading, usually four (rarely, as in the photo, five) wide leaves, ends with one single nondescript greenish flower that blooms in July-June. Then the raven eye turns the flower into a single berry, turning black by autumn. The raven eye is also known under the name of cross-grass.
Spreading the Crow's Eye
The raven eye grows in shady, damp places of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, throughout the temperate zone of Russia from Europe to the Far East. The raven eye is considered a medicinal plant, but it is better not to collect and use it on its own, since the raven eye is a poisonous plant.
Poison parts of the Crow's eye
The crow's eye berry, like other parts of the plant, is poisonous. The plant contains saponins and cardiac glycosides.
Symptoms of Crow's Eye Poisoning
Poisoning with poisonous berries or other parts of the crow's eye causes irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, a sharp drop in heart rate to 60-40 beats per minute or less, heart rhythm disturbances, ventricular flutter and cardiac arrest.
Poisonous berries, photo - Crow's eye
Lily of the valley
Lily of the valley spread
Lily of the valley grows mainly in damp shady places, in forest areas, in oak forests, in floodplain forests.
The poisonous parts of the lily of the valley
The entire lily of the valley plant is poisonous. Lily of the valley berries are especially poisonous. Beautiful red berries are poisonous and should not be plucked, let alone eaten.
Symptoms of lily of the valley poisoning
The most characteristic signs of poisoning with poisonous lily of the valley berries are headache, tinnitus, a rare pulse, constriction of the pupils. Seizures are possible.
Poisonous berries, photo - Lily of the valley
3. First aid for poisoning with berries and mushrooms
If symptoms of poisoning occur, such as fever, diarrhea, vomiting, convulsions, etc., seek medical attention immediately. While the doctor will go to you, do not sit idly by.
The most first aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and berries is to stimulate vomiting - this procedure will free the stomach from poisonous contents. To do this, the victim needs to be given 2-4 glasses of water (activated charcoal can be added to it - 2 tablespoons per 500 ml, salt - 1 teaspoon per 500 ml or potassium permanganate). In case of poisoning with poisonous berries, the procedure will have to be carried out several times. Of the medicines, it is recommended to give the patient activated charcoal, tannin, as well as any laxative and heart remedy. In the presence of seizures will have to use chloral hydrate. If there is no first aid kit, you can give the patient black crackers, starch solution or milk. It does not hurt to also do an enema (if possible). A victim of poisoning with poisonous berries should be wrapped warmly and taken to a doctor.
ATTENTION!
Never pick or taste berries that you do not know.
If you came to the forest with a child, then do not leave him unattended for a minute. Watch what berries he eats.
If you come to an area unknown to you and the nature there is not entirely familiar to you, be sure to inquire with the locals, study the literature, browse the Internet and find out which poisonous plants are typical for this area.
Poisonous berries are actually dangerous only for those who do not know them "by sight".
