Direction "COURAGE AND CORISHNESS"
This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.
The topic "Courage and cowardice" can be considered in the following aspects:
Courage and cowardice in war
Courage and cowardice in expressing one's position, point of view, in defending one's principles, views
Courage and cowardice of a man in love
COURAGE - a positive moral-volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome the fear of something unknown, complex, new by willpower and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The courage of the city takes”. It is also honored as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the truth and objectively assess your capabilities, not be afraid of the dark, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of dignity, a sense of responsibility, security, and reliability of life.
Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting of spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, trouble, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.
Courage
Courage is the ability of a person, overcoming fear, to do desperate things, sometimes risking his own life.
Courage is shown by a person in war, when he courageously, bravely fights the enemy, does not allow fear to overcome him, thinks about his comrades, relatives, people, country. Courage helps him overcome all the hardships of the war, emerging victorious or dying for his homeland.
Courage is a quality of a person, expressed in the fact that he always upholds his views, principles to the end, he can openly express his position in the eyes of people if he does not agree with them. Courageous people are able to defend their ideals, move forward, leading others, transforming society.
Professional courage pushes people to take risks, people strive to realize their projects, dreams, sometimes overcoming obstacles that authorities can put up for them.
Courage may not manifest itself in a person for a long time. On the contrary, he is sometimes outwardly very modest and quiet. However, in a difficult moment, it is the brave people who take responsibility for themselves, saving others, helping them. And often these are not only adults, but children who amaze with their determination and courage, for example, saving a drowning friend.
Courageous people can do great things. And if there are a lot of these people or the whole people, then such a state is invincible.
Courage is also manifested in the fact that a person is irreconcilable to any injustice, both in relation to himself and in relation to other people. A brave person will not look indifferently or indifferently at the way they humiliate and insult others, for example, colleagues. He will always stand up for them, as he does not accept any manifestation of injustice and evil.
Courage is one of the highest moral qualities of a person. It is necessary to strive to be truly courageous in everything in life: deeds, deeds, relationships, while thinking about others.
COWARDICE - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, which has taken root in the psychology of people over the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and depressed position of a person, generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Communist morality condemns T., because it leads to immoral acts: to dishonesty, opportunism, unscrupulousness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, enlisting people to take an active part in the construction of the society of the future, man's awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and possibilities, and the subordination of natural and social laws to him contribute to the gradual eradication of technology from the life of individuals and society as a whole.
Synonyms : timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; fearfulness, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice. Cowardice
Cowardice is such a state of a person when he is afraid of literally everything: a new environment, changes in life, meeting new people. Fear fetters all his movements, preventing him from living with dignity, joyfully.
At the heart of cowardice is often a person's low self-esteem, fear of seeming ridiculous, of being in an awkward position. A person is better to keep silent, try to be invisible.
A cowardly person will never take responsibility for himself, he will hide behind other people's backs so that, in which case, he will not be guilty.
Cowardice interferes with promotion, in the realization of one's dreams, in the realization of goals. The indecision inherent in such a person will not allow him to reach the end along the intended path, since there will always be reasons that do not allow this to be done.
A cowardly person makes his life bleak. He always seems to envy from someone and something, he lives with an eye.
However, a coward is terrible during difficult trials for the people, the country. It is cowardly people who become traitors, because they think first of all about themselves, about their lives. Fear pushes them to crime.
Cowardice is one of the most negative traits of a person's character, you must try to get rid of it in yourself.
The composition in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality - from determination and courage, manifestations of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal.
1. N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
Ostap and Andriy are the two sons of Taras Bulba, the protagonist of N.V. Gogol's story. Both were brought up in the same family, studied in the same seminary. Both from childhood were inspired by the same high moral principles. Why did one become a traitor and the other a hero? What pushed Andriy to a low deed - to go against his comrades, his father? In fact, he became a coward, because he could not stay true to what he was taught, showed a weakness of character. And what is this if not cowardice? Ostap heroically accepted martyrdom, boldly looking into the eyes of enemies. How hard it was for him in the last minutes, so he wanted to see a loved one in the crowd of strangers. So he shouted, overcoming the pain: “Father! Where are you? Do you hear? The father, risking his life, supported his son, shouting out from the crowd that he heard him, his Ostap. At the heart of people's actions are those moral foundations that make up the essence of his character. For Andriy, he was always in the first place. Since childhood, he tried to dodge punishment, hide behind other people's backs. And in the war, in the first place were not his comrades, not his homeland, but love for the young beauty - the Poles, for the sake of which he betrayed everyone, in battle he went to his own. How not to recall Taras's famous speech about comradeship, in which he put loyalty to his comrades, fighting comrades-in-arms in the first place. “Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that! .. No one, no one! .. Their mouse nature is not enough for that!” Andriy could not become like that, cowardly in the last minutes of his life looking into the eyes of his father, whom he had betrayed. Ostap was always a proud, independent person, he never hid behind the backs of others, he always boldly answered for his actions, in the war he turned out to be a real comrade, whom Taras could be proud of. To remain brave to the end, not to show cowardice in one's deeds and deeds - readers of N.V. Gogol's story, "Taras Bulba", come to this conclusion, realizing how important it is to do right, deliberate deeds and deeds in life.
2. M.A. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
War is a serious test for the country, the people, for each individual. She checks who is who. In war, everyone reveals himself in all his essence. Here you can not play the role of a traitor or a coward. Here they become. Andrey Sokolov. His fate is the fate of millions of Soviet people who survived the war, who survived the most terrible battle with fascism. He, like many others, remained a Man - devoted, courageous, loyal to the people, close, who did not lose the feeling of kindness, pity and mercy for others. At the heart of his actions is love. Love for loved ones, country, life in general. This feeling makes him bold, courageous, helps to survive all the severe trials that befell the hero: the death of his family, the terrible battles in which he participated, the horrors of captivity, the death of his comrades. How much you need to have this huge love to survive after all this!
Courage- this is an opportunity to overcome fear, which, of course, was characteristic of everyone in the war. However, not everyone could overcome this fear. Then cowardice crept into my heart - for myself, for my life. She literally took possession of a person, forcing him to commit betrayal. So one of the prisoners, soldier Kryzhnev, who, like Sokolov, fell into the hands of the Nazis, decided to extradite a communist platoon commander (“... I don’t intend to answer for you”) in order to save his life. He has not yet experienced the horrors of captivity, but fear has already made him a coward, and cowardice has led to the thought of betrayal. It's hard to kill your own, but Andrey did it because this "one's own" crossed the line beyond which - betrayal, spiritual death, death of other people. To remain a human being in inhuman conditions, to be able to overcome one's fear, showing courage, courage, not to become a coward and a traitor - this is a moral rule that a person simply must follow, no matter how hard it may be.
Courage and cowardice in love.
Georgy Zheltkov is a petty official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love was born long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of being rejected. Perhaps if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves. Vera Sheina was also afraid to be happy and wanted a quiet marriage, without shocks, so she married a cheerful and handsome Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but she did not experience great love. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformity, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.
Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature.
Artworks:
§ VC. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"
§ M.A. Bulgakov: The Master and Margarita, The White Guard
§ J. Rowling "Harry Potter"
§ B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"
§ A.S. Pushkin: "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin"
§ V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov
§ S. Collins "The Hunger Games"
§ A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet", "Olesya"
§ V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician"
§ J. Orwell "1984"
§ V. Roth "Divergent"
§ M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
§ M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Song of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov"
§ N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba", "Overcoat"
§ M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
§ A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"
Sample topics:
What does it mean to be brave?
Why does a person need courage?
What does cowardice lead to?
What actions does cowardice push a person to?
In what situations in life is courage best manifested?
Do you need courage in love?
Does it take courage to admit your mistakes?
How do you understand the expression “fear has big eyes”?
Is the saying "courage is half the battle" true?
What actions can be called courageous?
What is the difference between arrogance and courage?
Who can be called a coward?
Can you cultivate courage?
In the novel by V.A. Kaverina "Two Captains" Valka Zhukov is a friend of the protagonist Sanya Grigoriev. They became friends from the moment they met at the boarding school, where Sanya ended up as a homeless child. Valka is a true friend of Sanya, not like Mikhail Romashov. When a conflict arises between Romashka and Grigoriev, Valka knows the truth, but is afraid to tell it, since the vile Romashov is blackmailing him. However, realizing that his silence may cost his friend too much, he tells everything to Sana, and he asks him to tell everyone at the teachers' council, which will discuss his expulsion from school. If you have the support of such a brave and courageous friend, no one is scary.
2. A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"
In comedy, a conflict arises between Chatsky and Famusovsky society. The young man boldly speaks to the face of all representatives of the Moscow world about how ridiculous their habits and addictions look. He bravely condemns hypocrisy and hypocrisy reigning here, speaks contemptuously about servility and servility. Every guest at the ball heard something offensive in his words. But, in fact, who is pleased to hear something accusatory about themselves. So for the countess-granddaughter, such words seemed to compare her with a milliner, for Natalya Dmitrievna Gorich - a recommendation to move to the village, the old woman Khlestova was offended by his laughter about Zagoretsky. But nevertheless, Chatsky continues to talk about the meanness of the feudal lords, who treat the peasants like cattle, about sycophancy, about the eternal imitation of foreigners. It was for this courage that I.A. Goncharov called the hero Griboyedov the winner.
3. B. Vasiliev "Tomorrow there was a war"
The story shows the relationship of three friends: Zina Kovalenko, Iskra Polyakova and Vika Lyuberetskaya. Once, at a birthday party, Yesenin's poems were heard in the Lyuberetsky's apartment. The work of this poet was considered forbidden. The head teacher of the school, Valentina Andronovna, collected information from children who were weaker than others in character and personal qualities. This was Zinochka. She told Valendra that they were reading Yesenin. Some time later, Vika Luberetskaya's father is arrested. Vika faces a difficult choice: she must either abandon her father or leave the Komsomol. She can do neither. Not wanting to listen to accusatory words addressed to her, to substitute her friends, she decides to poison herself. With her death, Vika protests the existing world order. Iskra Polyakova reads Yesenin's poems at the funeral of her friend, proving to everyone that these people did not defeat either Vika or their friendship.
In the work “The Fate of a Man” by M. Sholokhov, Andrey Sokolov more than once shows himself to be a brave, courageous person. For example, in the episode with the German commandant. With his determination and fearlessness, the soldier struck even his opponents: with his head held high, he went to his death, boldly looked into the eyes of the enemy, knowing that this man had his life in his hands. Andrei Sokolov saves himself: the German military leaders could not shoot such a brave man, because even they respect fearlessness. That determination that reigned in the soul of a soldier at a critical moment became the highest level of courage of Andrei Sokolov.
In the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Pyotr Grinev amazes us with his courage. During the battle for the Belogorsk fortress, he shows himself to be a brave and fearless soldier. The young man directly expresses his position to Pugachev, under pain of death, Peter remains faithful to the oath.
Grinev personifies all the courage that exists in the soul of every soldier who is ready to fight for his homeland. Pugachev releases the main character and his beloved Masha, because even being Peter's enemy, the man respects the young officer for his courage and dedication.
The epic novel by L.N. Tostoy "War and Peace" is full of bold and courageous characters. So Prince Andrei Bolkonsky shows heroism and determination in the war. Let us recall the episode when, during the battle at Prats, dozens of soldiers, seeing their enemies close by, the French, fled. But the prince was not one of those cowards. It was he who, having grabbed the staff of the banner in his hands, dragged the soldiers into the attack. The courage, dedication of Andrei Bolkonsky allowed him to fulfill his dream: to show himself in battle as a worthy warrior, to lead people on the offensive.
Cowardice is a negative character trait in which a person is afraid to confront his fears, such a person is often afraid to make a decision himself and be responsible for its consequences. But despite this It is difficult to be bold always. Sometimes even strong and honest people with high moral principles can get scared.
To show the correctness of my definition, I want to give an example from the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". An example of cowardice in this work is Shvabrin, as when Yemelyan Pugachev attacked the fortress, Shvabrin immediately goes over to Pugachev's side, forgetting his oath and oath. They are driven by fear for their own lives.
Another example of cowardice is Eugene Onegin and Vladimir Lensky, from the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". When Lensky challenged Eugene Onegin to a duel, Eugene did not refuse as he was afraid of public opinion. And the same thing happened with Lensky, he did not want to go to a duel with Onegin, but he was also afraid that he would be condemned.
Cowardice is dependence on the opinions of those you despise.
Or you can give an example from the work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". Grushnitsky can be called a coward, who challenged Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin to a duel. Grushnitsky knew that Pichorin's pistol was not loaded, but said nothing to him. But despite this, Pechorin knew that his pistol was not loaded, he wanted to give Grushnitsky a chance to repent, but he refused.
Thus, we can conclude that cowardice never leads to anything good.
Updated: 2017-12-23
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Pontius Pilate is a cowardly man. And it was for cowardice that he was punished. The procurator could have saved Yeshua Ha-Notsri from execution, but he signed the death warrant. Pontius Pilate feared for the inviolability of his power. He did not go against the Sanhedrin, ensuring his peace at the cost of the life of another person. And all this despite the fact that Yeshua was sympathetic to the procurator. Cowardice prevented saving a man. Cowardice is one of the most serious sins (based on the novel The Master and Margarita).
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
Vladimir Lensky challenged Eugene Onegin to a duel. He could cancel the fight, but he chickened out. Cowardice manifested itself in the fact that the hero reckoned with the opinion of society. Eugene Onegin thought only about what people would say about him. The result was sad: Vladimir Lensky died. If his friend had not been afraid, but preferred moral principles to public opinion, tragic consequences could have been avoided.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The siege of the Belogorsk fortress by the troops of the impostor Pugachev showed who was considered a hero, who was a coward. Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin, saving his life, betrayed his homeland at the first opportunity and went over to the side of the enemy. In this case, cowardice is a synonym
