Maxim Gorky wrote his works in the style of realism; in his original works, notes of romance are felt. The characters of stories and short stories live in harmony with nature. All the heroes of Gorky's creations are very interesting personalities who look at the world around them in their own way. So our two main characters had a conflict, due to the fact that each perceived the world in his own way.
The writer shows us Chelkashin as a man who has nothing behind him, he loves alcohol, is dressed dirty, his clothes are torn, there are no shoes. He smells bad and behaves inappropriately. The man had a sharp nose, a predatory look, a dark mustache and sad eyes.
The author shows us the second main character from a completely different side. This is a young man, in a sky-blue shirt, in simple trousers. His headgear is already completely worn out, but he proudly wears it on his head. The guy is very massive, he has strong shoulders and arms, blond hair, a tanned body. His light blue eyes are filled with kindness. These are two completely opposite characters.
Once Gavrila went to a tavern, where he drank a good deal. At that moment, Chelkashin was in this room, he looked at him for a long time and thoughtfully and thought that it was he who could change the fate of Gavrila at his own discretion. That he will not repeat those terrible mistakes that Chelkashin made. Chelkashin sees a young guy, he looked and his conscience gnawed that he was already quite old, and the guy was very young and everything was ahead of him. Here the author described Chelkashin to us as a person who can suffer, think about his actions.
When these two men went on a crime, in the head of each was the thought of money. Gavrila is seized with fear, And Chelkashin has taken possession of evil, he is angry at all the work, at his partner, at the boats that are located nearby. There were guards there. The partners share their booty - the stolen money, but Chelkashin decides to give his share in the amount of 540 rubles. But at first it seems to Gavrila that they stole too little, even his part is not enough for him, and he asks his partner for more and suddenly he decides to confess about the thoughts in which he wants to kill Chelkashin, he takes the money for himself. And Gavrila rushes into battle with his opponent, they fight for money.
Here we see how the attitude towards the hero changes before our eyes. Chelkashin is actually not a bad person, he is very kind and soft-hearted in his soul, the most important thing is that he feels freedom. And Gavrila proved himself to be a vile, evil guy, for money he is even ready to kill. He will humiliate himself only in order to have wealth in his hands.
Summing up, we can say that you can not judge people by looking at the appearance and description. The main feature of a person is his actions. Chelkashin remained a man even under such circumstances, and the real essence of Gavril manifested itself as soon as the conversation turned to money.
The composition of Chelkash and Gavrila
"Chelkash" - a work of Maxim Gorky, which was created in 1895. The book was written in a realistic style with a touch of romanticism. All the characters in the story lived in harmony with the surrounding world and nature. Each character created by Gorky has his own unique worldview. Our 2 heroes - Chelkash and Gavrila, had their own views on the world around them, which is why their conflict occurred.
Chelkashin is a man who was not interested in anything other than drinking. He had nothing but torn, dirty clothes and shoes. He looked untidy and had an unpleasant smell. Chelkash was an alcoholic and behaved inappropriately. He had the look of a real predator, a dark mustache and a sharp nose.
The second character is Gavrila, the exact opposite of Chelkash. He was a strong and strong young man, whose eyes and appearance radiated kindness. He was dressed more neatly than Chelkash, wore a light blue shirt and a worn headdress.
Once, when Gavrila came to a tavern and got drunk there, Chelkash saw him. He saw a young man, began to think about his age. He thought with regret and remorse that at his old age he had nothing behind him. He wanted to try to change the fate of Gavril, in order to prevent the young man from turning into the same old drunkard as he was. In this scene, the author presents Chelkash as a person who is able to think about his actions and knows how to regret.
Chelkashin was very fond of being near the sea. When next to him is a huge, free and filled with power blue, he could feel free from all adversity. Gavrila, on the other hand, did not like freedom, it aroused in him a feeling of fear.
During the crime that our heroes went to, they had a conflict. The young man was seized with fear, and Chelkash became embittered at everyone. He didn't like everything, partner, boats, the way things were going. Chelkashin decided to give back his part of the stolen money - 540 rubles, but Gavrila was seized by strong greed. He thought that the stolen money would not be enough for him, then he confesses to Chelkash that he wants to kill him and take all the money for himself. Hearing this, Chelkash takes the money for himself, as a result of which, they begin a fight for the stolen goods.
In this scene, the author shows us the true characters of the characters. It turns out that Chelkash is not so bad, he was very kind and soft-hearted, wealth was not so important to him as getting complete freedom. Gavrila, on the other hand, turned out to be a greedy and vile criminal who is ready to do anything, even murder, in order to get money. This man was ready to go to any crime, even the most vile, in order to get rich.
The moral of this story is quite simple - you can not judge a person by appearance and first impression. The dirty and unkempt old man Chelkash turned out to be a kind and somewhat honest person. And Gavrila, who looked like a fine young man, turned out to be the last scoundrel.
Option 3
As in many stories, in the work "Chelkash" Gorky reflects the theme of human relationships and describes natural beauties, delving into the moment how nature is interconnected with the state of mind of its characters.
Two heroes appear before us - Chelkash and Gavrila, who differ from each other. They meet at the port. And if Chelkash is shown as a vagabond without a place of residence and accustomed to stealing, then Gavrila ended up in this place after unsuccessful efforts to find a job. Grishka was noticeable for his physique, which was similar to that of a hawk. His mustache constantly twitched, and he constantly laid his hands back, rubbing his palms nervously. When Chelkash managed to steal something, he successfully sold the thing. He immediately drank the proceeds from the sale.
But Gavrila's story was completely different. He was unlucky with earnings in the Kuban, and therefore, returning home, he understood that now he had only one way - to hire himself as a farm laborer. Chelkash drew attention to him at the moment when he was walking and thinking about where to find a partner who went with him to steal. Gradually, talking with him, we see how Chelkash, after listening to the guy’s story, at first wanted to scold him and even hit him, but at the last minute he had some kind of pity for Gavrila. Grishka, when he had a house, family and relatives, suddenly became an inveterate alcoholic and a thief, but not a complete person. He is shown to us as a strong and proud nature, as he has a special approach to everyone, and he can agree with everyone. He liked the sea, as powerful and free as he himself.
But, Gavrila, who at first seemed like a harmless guy, shows us that this is a vile person. When the business was completed with success, and huge money appeared before his eyes, then he broke through. We saw how greedy he is. Immediately, we lose all pity for this rural guy. He especially looks like a miserable slave when, having fallen in front of Chelkash, he begs to give him all the money. Chelkash, filled with a feeling of pity and anger towards him, abandoned the prey. It was then that he realized that he was acting like a hero, because he knew for sure that he would not be like this guy. But when Gavrila told him that he wanted to eliminate him, Chelkash became very angry. Taking the money, he went his own way. However, the guy threw a stone at him, and when he realized that he had failed to kill Chelkash, he again began to ask his forgiveness. And here we see how Grishka turned out to be on top. He left this mean man money and left. It is clearly seen here that the writer gave preference to a Man who showed himself to be a man with high moral qualities, who did not lose his own dignity in any situation.
The image of Alexander Grigoryevich Zametov, who was a minor character in this work, is shown very brightly and interestingly. He is shown as an employee in the police department who worked as a clerk
A well-known work of art in the genre of sentimentalism has aroused and still arouses interest among readers and the literary community.
Native literature is native because it is given to us and is close to us. Here we are given the nature of our country, it is familiar and pleasant to us, although we can understand that it has its own characteristics. But we love her! I mean, our native literature is sometimes sad
One of the main themes of Maxim Gorky's early romantic story "Chelkash", created in 1894 and first published in the journal "Russian wealth" in 1895, is the theme of greed. She finds her revelation in the image of a young man Gavrila, whose antipode in the work is the main character - a tramp Grishka Chelkash.
At the beginning of the story, Gavrila appears before us as a good-natured guy with "childish bright eyes." The simplicity of the young man and his naive reflections on freedom make the reader feel sympathy for the hero. It seems that this is an innocent soul that fell into the “wolf paws” of the predatory thief Chelkash, who tricked Gavrila into becoming his accomplice.
But with the development of the plot, the character of Gavrila gradually begins to be revealed, and it becomes clear what kind of person he is. The theme of money, or rather, the desire to get it, arises in the first chapter of the story, and this desire is characteristic of both Gavrila and Chelkash.
But we see that the young man is trying to find a legal way to earn money, so he goes mowing to the Kuban. Chelkash, on the other hand, has not been looking for legal methods for a long time, since he has eleven years of thieves' life behind him. It would seem that morality is unambiguously on the side of Gavrila.
During the trip, the young man still behaves extremely respectably. Having learned what business Chelkash lured him to instead of the promised fishing, he tries to abandon the "dirty" work, run away, call for help. But there is nowhere to run, because he is in the same boat with the formidable thief Grishka, who, just in case, will throw his accomplice overboard.
Gavrila's attitude to the theft committed by him together with Chelkash changes only when the guy receives a reward for his help. Now the hero is ready to go on business again if he is given two hundred rubles for it. To Grishka’s question about whether the young man is now afraid to “ruin” his soul, Gavrila, smiling, replies: “Yes, maybe ... you won’t ruin it ... You won’t ruin it, but you will become a man for life.”
Greed also reveals new qualities in the young man, previously unknown to the reader and, perhaps, even to the hero himself. It turns out that Gavrila is eager not only for his own money, but also for strangers. At the sight of Chelkash's proceeds, everything in his eyes takes on "bright, iridescent hues."
Gavrila begins to beg the tramp to give him the money, crawling at his feet. And against the background of such a humiliation of a young man, the image of Chelkash rises.
We see how greed is alien to this hero. Despite the fact that Grishka is constantly stealing, he does not know what to do with the stolen money. He is sure only that he would never have dared to fall so low for the sake of these "colorful pieces of paper".
But humiliation did not become the most terrible manifestation of greed that seized Gavrila. It turns out that the young man was even ready to kill his accomplice just to take his profit. Fortunately, the guy simply did not have the courage to do this, since Gavrila was not only greedy, but also cowardly.
Chelkash and Gavrila - victims of the capitalist world?
(According to the story of M. Gorky "Chelkash")
Petrova Natalia Nikolaevna,
teacher of the Kamennikovskaya school
Rybinsk region
Lesson: traditional.
Lesson type: learning new material
Purpose: using the example of M. Gorky's story "Chelkash" to show the injustice of a society where money rules, as well as the unpredictability of our life, false and real, that often a person with a certain appearance does not correspond to his inner "content".
Textbook: G.V.Moskvin, N.N.Puryaeva, E.L.Erokhina. Literature: Grade 7: Textbook-reader for educational institutions: at 2 pm H 2. - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2010.
Annotation to the lesson: a traditional lesson using techniques from the technology of critical thinking: clusters, comparative table, forecasting, syncwines; different types of work with the text are being worked out, the ability to reasonably express one's point of view, to find the necessary facts and episodes in the text, to analyze the key episodes of the story, the moral rules of human society are instilled: honesty, sincerity, nobility. Preliminary homework: reading an article about M. Gorky (pp. 198-199), reading the story "Chelkash" (preface and part 1).
During the classes:
Checking d / z. Independent reading of an article about Gorky at home makes it possible to answer questions A p. 198 and B1 p. 199, as well as predict the plot and feature of the story "Chelkash". Discussion.
Discussion of the part of the story "Chelkash" read at home.
Where is the action taking place? What time? Label colors and sounds.
As they understood the phrase - the first sentence of the third paragraph (hymn to trade).
The harbor is steamboats with goods and people who work here. We will divide into groups and give a description of them by filling in the clusters: "Steamers" and "People".
Discussion of the result. - What artistic techniques does Gorky use to create more expressive images? Examples? Why is he doing this? (The details of the picture create the feeling that labor here is not pleasure, but slave hard labor; a feeling of hopelessness, injustice ...).
Why does the author call the comparison of ships and people "cruel irony"? (people, on the one hand, are creators, they created such giant steamships, they trade, it seems that there should be money, but, on the other hand, they are beggars, they have nothing, “created by people enslaved and depersonalized them”).
What gives us, the readers, this description? What feelings do you experience and what do you foresee? (a tense feeling, something terrible, bad will happen next; in such a situation, nothing bright can be ...).
Grishka Chelkash, the main character of the story, appears on the very first lines of the first chapter. Remember his description: appearance, who he looks like, gait, speech, etc. What words Gorky focuses on. For what? Express your first opinion about the character.
For the first time here in the story there are words tramp, tramps. How do you understand?
How do Grishka's dialogues with other workers and the port watchman help us understand his character?
At the same time, a comparative table is filled in (acceptance from the technology of the RKCHP):
Grishka Chelkash
Matching lines
Character traits
Attitude towards others
Attitude of others
In the same chapter, we meet with another hero of the story - Gavrila. Let's supplement the table by citing, recalling the facts from the read part concerning the personality of this hero.
How does part 1 end? Reread Chelkash's internal monologue. What do you say about it? Your attitude?
Part 2. independent reading in the classroom. Discussion.
What is this part about?
How do the characters behave in the same situation?
What else do we learn about the heroes? What can be added to the table?
What is your attitude towards both characters? Is it changing?
Part 3 The last part remains. It is done. We confirmed to ourselves that Chelkash is a thief, experienced, courageous, always thinking everything over, but risking for big money, for the sake of rest and entertainment that will come later. The attitude of most of you towards him is negative, and this is understandable. The relationship with Gabriel is different. A goof, a hard worker-peasant, getting along with Chelkash, broke the law, became a thief, an accomplice. We are sincerely sorry for him, we are worried about him: no matter how his good intentions end in tears (after all, we know the “predatory” Grishka!).
We read aloud part 3 (reception "reading with stops" from the technology of RKChP)
1) up to p.222 to the question “What is it that makes you writhing”?
So what action of the heroes did Gorky leave us in the end?
Money. What is the attitude of our heroes towards them? What are their actions? Compare. What is your attitude to what is happening?
2) to the words "... Give them to me!"
Did you expect this?
Reread the words describing the state of Gavrila, Chelkash. Conclusion?
What do you think Chelkash will do?
3) until the end of the story.
Express your attitude to what is happening. What was expected and what was not?
And one more moment that cannot be missed in the story: this is the sea. We see his description throughout the story. What meaning does it carry? (the scene, the character of the protagonist is emphasized ...). Why do the last lines of the story end again with a seascape?
5. Conclusions.
What are the themes and problems of Gorky's story?
Let's return to the topic of our lesson: confirm once again that both Chelkash and Gavrila are victims of the capitalist world?
What features of Gorky's early stories have we met?
6. D / z: 1) draw up a story plan (optional - quote); 2) written reasoning - p.228 question B 10; 3) optional - syncwines.
"cruel irony"
"THE MADE BY PEOPLE HAS enslaved and depersonalized them"
Plan
Introduction
Comparison of characters helps the author to portray his characters more vividly.
Main part
Chelkash is a representative of the “bottom” of a big city. Hero portrait.
Gavrila came from the village to work. Hero portrait.
Different understanding of the heroes of freedom. their relation to the sea.
The moral superiority of Chelkash.
The dignity of Chelkash and his contempt for spiritual slavery arouse the respect of the author.
Gavrila is greedy and can kill for money
Conclusion
When comparing the two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a more proud and free person.
A comparative description of the two characters in the work helps the author to portray his characters more vividly and more clearly. When compared, the images of heroes can be revealed from the most unexpected side. This happened to Chelkash and Gavrila from M. Gorky's story "Chelkash".
Chelkash is a representative of the “bottom” of a big city. He is well known to everyone working in the harbor, "an inveterate drunkard and a clever, bold thief." The author emphasizes his resemblance to a predator - "an old poisoned wolf", he has a mustache like a cat, and he especially looks like a steppe hawk with his "predatory thinness" and "aiming" gait.
Gavrila came from the village to work, but unsuccessfully. He is good-natured, trusting and, by Chelkash's definition, looks like a calf. Gavrila agrees to work with Chelkash because he needs money, but he does not know what kind of work he is talking about. Gavrila trusts Chelkash, especially when they are fed in a tavern on credit, this is proof for Gavrila that Chelkash is a respected person in the city.
Both heroes value freedom, but understand it differently. For Gavrila, this is material well-being. Then he will be able to return home, fix the household, get married. There is no money - you have to go "to sons-in-law" and depend on your father-in-law in everything, work for him. Chelkash does not value money, for him freedom is a broader concept. He is free from property, from a family with which he parted long ago, from social conventions. He has no roots, he doesn't care where he lives, but he loved the sea. The author emphasizes the similarity of the sea element, the boundless and powerful, and freedom-loving nature of the hero. At sea, he felt that his soul was being cleansed "of worldly filth." Gavrila, on the contrary, is afraid of the sea, the lack of soil under his feet instills fear in him. Chelkash knows what he is doing and is not afraid to take risks. Gavrila, realizing what he was dragged into, is scared to death. He is afraid of being caught, and of sin - to ruin his soul.
Seeing a wad of money from Chelkash, Gavrila forgets about sin and agrees to steal again for money. After all, maybe you won’t ruin your soul, but you will become a man for life. He humiliatedly wallows at Chelkash's feet, begging for money, and at that moment the author shows the moral superiority of Chelkash: he "felt that he was a thief, a reveler, cut off from everything native - he would never be so greedy, so forgetful of himself" .
His dignity and contempt for the spiritual slavery of man arouse the respect and admiration of the author. And Gavrila's greed is such that he is ready to commit murder for the sake of money, and really makes such an attempt. He later repents of her, but he took the money offered by Chelkash.
Therefore, when comparing these two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a more proud and free person, and the author's sympathies are on his side.
Literature lesson in grade 8 Subject topic: Chelkash and Gavrila's idea of freedom. - page №1/1
Literature lesson in grade 8
Subject Theme: Representation of Chelkash and Gavrila about freedom.
Meta Subject Topic: FREEDOM
The writer portrays tramps as people
brave, strong at heart. Main
for them it is the freedom they
like all of us, we understand in our own way ...
A.A. Volkov
Lesson Objectives:
Subject: developing the skills of analyzing an epic work.
Methodological: development of students' thinking through the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, the formation of a holistic vision of the world.
Meta-subject: the formation of ideas about true freedom and imaginary freedom
Tasks:
- follow the thoughts, feelings and actions of Chelkash and Gavrila, try to understand which of them is truly free,
- improve the skills of theoretical analysis.
During the classes.
1.Organizational moment.
- Today we will talk about the story of M. Gorky "Chelkash".
- What do you know about Gorky, what works of his have you read?
2. A word about a writer. Individual response.
3. Work with text (conversation)
Questions and tasks for students for an analytical conversation:
- Why is the story divided into an introduction and three chapters, what is their main content?
- Read the introduction to the story. What sounds and why is the description of the harbor “instrumented” for, for example: “The ringing of anchor chains, the rumble of the clutches of wagons bringing cargo, the metallic scream of iron sheets ... the rattling of ox carts ...”?
- What is peculiar in the following description: “The waves of the sea, clad in granite, are suppressed by huge weights sliding along their ridges ...”?
- What is the compositional purpose of the description of the seaport at the beginning of the story? To what extent is the sea a peculiar character in the story? And why is the attitude to the sea an indicator of the spiritual level of the characters in the story? Do such characteristics of this element given by the author matter: boundless, free, powerful?
4.Vocabulary work.
What is freedom?
« true freedom- freedom from sin. - S.V.Drozd "Teaching about Christian freedom".
Liberty- this is the ability of a person to act in accordance with his interests, goals, to make a choice. – Big encyclopedic dictionary
« Liberty“The ability to do what you want.” – Brief Philosophical Encyclopedia.
5. --- How do Chelkash and Gavrila represent freedom? Are they really free? We will answer these questions during the lesson.
Compiling a table
CHELKASH | GAVRILA |
|
portrait | Crumpled, sharp, predatory face; predatory thinness; humpbacked, predatory nose; drew attention to itself with its resemblance to the steppe hawk | Childish eyes look trustingly and good-naturedly; movements are clumsy, the mouth is now wide open, then slaps lips |
Attitude towards money | He threw papers at Gavrila;“Is it possible to torture yourself like this because of money?” | He looked at the money clutched in his palm ..., hid it in his bosom ...“You will not ruin, but you will make a person for life” (about 2 rainbow pieces of paper) |
Relationship to the sea | He, the thief, loved the sea .. It ... cleansed him of worldly filth. | "Nothing! Just scared." |
Understanding Freedom | The main thing in peasant life is, brother, freedom! You are your own master... You have a face... You can demand respect for yourself from anyone. | He's his own boss, he went where he likes, do what he likes ... Walk know how you like, just remember God. |
- What did you find especially memorable in the portrait of Grishka Chelkash? Why does Chelkash feel the best next to the sea? Why does M. Gorky, describing this element, use such epithets: boundless, free, powerful?
-Compare the portrait of Chelkash with the portrait of the village boy Gavrila.- Is it a coincidence that their first conversation was about freedom? How do Chelkash and Gavrila understand freedom? (see text, table + refer to CFE, to the epigraph) -
CONCLUSION: their freedom is INCREDIBLE FREEDOM (give an example: a drug addict is free from everyone, but not free from addiction)
-Determine the attitude of the author to Chelkash. (see table, Gorky sympathizes with the tramp, but, saying that Chelkash is free from money, he claims that his character is not free from the desire to control people. This gives meaning to his life)
By what artistic means does Gorky express his attitude towards Gavrila. (“I am now ... a rich man!” Gavrila squealed in delight, shuddering and hiding the money in his bosom ... Chelkash listened to his joyful cries, looked at his beaming face, distorted by the delight of greed, and felt that he was a thief, a reveler, torn off from everything native - will never be so greedy, low, not remembering himself.)
6. Summing up the lesson. What conclusions did you come to?
-What is true freedom? Do the characters in Gorky's story have it? Do you agree with the opinion of SV Drozd that true freedom is freedom from sin? (Is this a sin?
- Desire to manage people?
- the desire to have a lot of money in order to be free from everything and everyone, but at the same time, is it possible to remember GOD?)
Thus, true freedom- this is reasonable behavior aimed at the true good, and the liberation of a person is a gradual process performed by the person himself, the person himself is to blame for his slavery at the internal level. Even folk wisdom says: "Sow an act, reap a habit, sow a habit, reap a character, sow a character, reap a destiny."
