The text proposed for analysis raises the problem of childhood. Childhood is an integral part of the life of every person, so the theme of childhood will never lose its relevance.
To interest the reader, the Russian writer Granin talks about his childhood memories. He writes that childhood was “the happiest time”, without duties and a sense of duty.
One could dream, rejoice, even simple food there seemed extraordinary. The most valuable memories are memories from childhood.
- "an independent kingdom that does not depend on an adult future."
But I do not agree with Granin's opinion. In my opinion, childhood leaves a significant mark on the future fate of a person. After all, it is in childhood that core values and ideals are formed.
To prove my position, I would like to turn to Goncharov's novel Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spends most of his time on an old sofa. The hero has neither dreams nor goals. He does not strive to achieve some heights, whether it be a career or personal life. What caused such a passive behavior of Oblomov? The answer becomes obvious when the reader reaches
to the chapter "Oblomov's Dream". Ilya Ilyich dreams of his carefree childhood, long family breakfasts and obligatory afternoon naps. Parents strictly controlled that the boy did not overwork, and, becoming an adult, Ilya Ilyich could not replace the ideals laid down in childhood. It was the childhood habits that turned Oblomov's life into an empty existence. I am convinced that childhood largely determines our adult life.
Gogol's novel "Dead Souls" can serve as another proof. From an early age, Chichikov's father taught his son "to save and save a penny", to please the bosses and not to hang out with his comrades. Pavel Ivanovich followed these instructions all his life. But is it possible to call the eternal pursuit of money “life”?
Other works on this topic:
- The focus of our attention is the text of Daniil Alexandrovich Granin, a Russian writer and public figure, which describes the problem of the value of childhood in a person's life. Thinking about this...
- The author of the proposed text D. A. Granin reflects on this problem. The author begins thinking about the role of childhood by answering the question “what is childhood?” And...
- Childhood is the brightest and most joyful, magical and carefree time in the life of every person, during which the knowledge of the world begins. At least it should...
- Most of all people remember childhood. The famous Soviet writer and public figure Daniil Alexandrovich Granin reveals the problem of the role of childhood and childhood memories in...
- Mentally referring to Russian classical literature, let us recall the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. The atmosphere of laziness, idleness that reigned in the family of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov disfigured the soul of little Ilya, which ...
- In his text, the Russian Soviet writer and public figure Daniil Alexandrovich Granin raises the problem of the value of childhood memories in a person's life. We can't help but worry...
- My Childhood I spent my childhood unforgettable! From an early age, the whole family traveled to other countries, cities. I had the most wonderful garden in...
- Well, something like this)) Tolstoy believed that childhood is the happiest period of a person’s life, when he is in harmony with nature, with himself, with ...
Arguments from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child"
1. The problem of education.
The parents of little Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child" worked hard and were very busy people, but they always found time to organize intellectual games for the child, teach the girl languages, drawing and singing. For the rest of her life, she remembered the important rules of a “good person”, who is not afraid of difficulties, “unties all the knots himself” and knows how to endure. All this helped Stella to become truly strong, courageous and free.
2. The problem of the role of literature in human life.
The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Baby" Stella remembers that books were an important part of their family's life. They had an excellent library and a tradition of evening reading aloud. This is how the child developed ideas that the book is a friend, adviser and support in any situation. Later in exile, in a Kyrgyz village, these readings will be resumed for people united by a common misfortune. They will listen to both poems and poems by A.S. Pushkin, and the Kyrgyz epic Manas. So literature will unite people of different nationalities and ages with different life experiences and education.
3. The problem of overcoming life's difficulties, perseverance and patience.
The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child" Stella Nudolskaya, together with her mother, were subjected to repression: they were sent into exile as members of the family of an enemy of the people. It was difficult for a woman who had suffered from bone tuberculosis to cope with hard physical work, she was afraid for the fate of her daughter, but she never complained of pain or fatigue. It was the stamina, courage and perseverance of the mother that helped her and Stella survive in inhuman conditions and at the same time remain proud, internally free people.
4. Mercy problem.
The main character of Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Baby" Stella remembers how the Yuzhakovs, risking their freedom, unselfishly helped the exiles survive, simply because they saw how hard it was for a woman and her daughter to cope with poverty and illness. The Yuzhakovs took care of Stella and her mother: they treated, fed, helped with the move, brought food. This is an example of compassion.
5. The role of parental love.
Recall the biography of Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child". A woman who has endured many troubles, injustice and cruelty in her life, remembers with gratitude her parents, who treated her with love and always supported her. In childhood, they always devoted a lot of time to their daughter: they played with her, read books to her, taught her languages. From childhood, Stella learned many truths that helped to educate her character, the main one being “Slavery is a state of mind. A free man cannot be made a slave."
6. The problem of industriousness.
An example of a hardworking person is Savely Yuzhakov from Olga Gromova's book Sugar Child. This man devoted his whole life to hard peasant labor and from childhood he attached children to work: the boys, along with their father, plowed, sowed, mowed, the girls helped their mothers around the house in everything. In addition, Savely beautifully carved wood, made shoes, and his wife and daughters spun and sewed. The efforts of the whole family were bearing fruit: the economy of the "Southerners" was strong, despite the difficulties, collectivization, and the difficult climate.
7. The problem of finding the meaning of life.
Let us recall Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", which tells about the fate of a repressed family. Stella, the main character of the work, thinks more than once what is the meaning of life, what are the guidelines that should be followed on the path of life. Brought up, despite all the difficulties, by a free person, Stella considers the main goal of life to be the multiplication of good. Having endured many hardships, even in old age she does not refuse an active life position and participates in raising funds for humanitarian aid to people affected by the earthquake.
8. The problem of the struggle for truth, justice
Let us turn to Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", which focuses on the fate of the repressed girl Stella Nudolskaya. The girl, even under the threat of being expelled from the pioneers, which was considered a shame in those years, refuses to paint over with ink the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in the textbook, as she considers them worthy people who have contributed to the history of our country. This is a worthy deed, showing the strength of the character of the heroine of the work.
9. The problem of patriotism
Recall the book by Olga Gromova "Sugar Child". Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of this work, despite the difficulties of the fate of a person who was repressed in childhood and declared a family member as a traitor to the homeland of a person, remains true to her Fatherland. She doesn’t even think about emigration, because she understands that the country is not only leaders, the government, but also the people, therefore it is impossible to leave one’s native land in a difficult time for the Fatherland, one must serve people and do good.
10. The problem of responsibility for moral choice.
Olga Gromova in the book "Sugar Child" reflects on how to make the right moral choice so as not to lose self-respect and human dignity. Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of the work, talks with her mother about why honest and hardworking people who served the people are declared enemies of the people and kulaks. At the end of the conversation, the girl understands that when evaluating people, you need to “listen to your heart” and think for yourself, and not blindly believe in big words, slogans, accusations and glorifications. Stella comes to the conclusion that everyone must choose which side he takes and be responsible for his own decision.
11. friendship problem
Let's turn to Olga Gromova's book "Sugar Child", in the center of which is the fate of Stella Nudolskaya. Being repressed and finding herself with her mother in distant Kyrgyzstan, the main character of the work understands the value of friendship. When a girl is expelled from the pioneers because she refuses to cross out the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in a textbook, her comrades do not leave her in trouble. Sapkos and Frida support Stella and remain true friends, despite the fact that they could also be condemned by communicating with her.
Arguments from the story of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..."
The problem of love for a small homeland.
The problem of love for a small homeland was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author admits that he was “fabulously lucky” to be born in Smolensk. With a sense of pride, the prose writer tells about the history of the city, about the people who live in it, about the oak that has preserved the “eternally living warmth” of the past. The narrator understands that there are more beautiful cities on earth, but it was Smolensk that became dear, because it is the "cradle of childhood."
The problem of patriotism
The problem of patriotism was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author admits that his love for the Fatherland began with respect for the history of his native city, with the ability to appreciate the traditions of his family and his people. It is for Smolensk, where he spent his childhood, that the young lieutenant Vasiliev goes to fight, realizing that the “cradle of childhood” cannot be given to the enemy.
The problem of being kind to others
Many writers raised the problem of a good attitude towards other people in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author, talking about his childhood, recalls that it was "saturated with Good." Helping neighbors who were having a hard time was the norm, and there was no expectation of praise or reward for this. This "simplest form of kindness" helped the narrator to form moral values, to preserve humanity until old age.
The problem of education
The problem of education was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author, talking about his childhood, demonstrates how his parents raised him, instilling in him "a great sense of everyday domestic internationalism", diligence, a reverent attitude to the book, the ability to sacrifice what is necessary for the sake of people. Parents by their example showed the boy how to live in order to be a “quite good” person. For example, my father never once allowed himself to use a company car for personal purposes, because he considered such an act dishonorable.
The influence of nature on man
The problem of education was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author talks about a huge old oak, "the most ancient inhabitant" of Smolensk. The beauty and grandeur of this tree, which keeps the history of centuries, the boy remembered for the rest of his life. It was this oak that made him think about the role of history in the life of every person.
The problem of the role of childhood, childhood memories in human life
The problem of the role of childhood, childhood memories in a person's life was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author, a person who has experienced a lot, recalls with a tremulous feeling those who “gave him childhood and warmed him with their own hearts”, because it was in childhood that those traits were laid that helped to survive in the difficult years of the war, which made him a creator and a person who values spirituality above all else.
The problem of self-sacrifice, love for people
The problem of self-sacrifice, love for people was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author tells about the fate of Dr. Jansen, "the holy city of Smolensk." This man devoted his life to selfless service to people. A doctor in the area where the poor lived, he worked seven days a week and holidays, was always polite and patient. Dr. Jansen sacrificed himself to save two boys who, while playing, fell into a sewer shaft and could suffocate. The whole of Smolensk came to the funeral of this worthy man.
The problem of the role of art in human life
The problem of the role of art in human life was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In this work, the author sees the function of art in saturating human life with meaning, teaching people to doubt, feel and suffer. All this, according to the writer, prolongs physical and spiritual life.
The problem of finding the meaning of life
The problem of the meaning of life was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about how, trying to comprehend the purpose of his own existence, he turns to his father with the question: “Why has a person been released so much?” And he gets a short but capacious answer: "For work." It was this conversation that helped the young man to believe in "the need for hard, daily, frantic work." In this he saw a lofty goal, multiplying goodness in the world.
The problem of the role of labor in human life
Many writers raised the problem of the role of labor in human life in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his family, in which everyone worked. From early childhood, the narrator remembers his hands burned with weeded grass, his father, who repaired and restored something in his spare time, his mother and aunt, who always darned and altered something. For them, a person who did not want to work was "obviously perceived with a negative sign if he was healthy."
11/ The problem of spirituality, moral values
The role of literature and reading in the formation of personality
The problem of literature and reading in the formation of personality was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his family, the main value in which were books. For the rest of his life, the boy remembered how in the evenings they read aloud the classics, literature, which "they read, figuratively speaking, taking off their hats." So he discovered Turgenev, Goncharov, Gogol, Lermontov... The works of great writers formed the best character traits of the future writer, while he "remained on his knees before Literature."
Problem with animals
The problem of attitudes towards animals was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author encourages readers to see in the animal not fun, not a whim, but helpers needed by people and therefore respected. It is then that animals ennoble a person, make him kinder, more demanding of himself. The main thing is not to forget about the responsibility to our smaller brothers and to be merciful to them. This is exactly what you can call the father of the narrator, who fed the dogs abandoned by people, and they responded to him with devotional service.
The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties
The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, who never abandoned the business he had begun, because he believed: "it's all about desire and work." This man always had the strength to overcome obstacles. For example, he took on the responsibility of repairing decommissioned cars in order to teach newbies how to drive. Sparing no time, the officer worked, and he managed to "breathe life into these car corpses."
The problem of courage and heroism
The problem of courage and heroism was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and laconic man who, in an extreme situation, showed fortitude and courage. When, due to the boy's negligence, a fire broke out in the garage, threatening to spread to residential buildings, his father, risking his life, pulled out an already ignited barrel of gasoline, which saved people from the fire.
The problem of conscience
The problem of conscience was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and laconic man who, despite the fact that he had the right to a personal car and had three cars at his disposal, never used them for personal purposes, because he was ashamed in front of people, because the technique and gasoline were state property.
The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself
The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself, was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his grandmother, who knew how to sympathize with someone else's misfortune. For example, when she finds out that one of her friends has been living without electricity and a stove for a month, she gives her kerosene along with a can and does not regret it at all.
The Problem of Mother's Love
The problem of maternal love was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author talks about his mother, who gave him life, risking her own, because she was "burned by consumption." The narrator carried this feat of maternal love, self-denial and sacrifice through his entire life. The writer recalls with gratitude that his mother taught him not to complain about life, to be friends with people, not paying attention to their nationality, to read classical literature.
The problem of historical memory
Many writers raised the problem of historical memory in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author shares his views on the role of the memory of ancestors in the life of each of us. The prose writer believes that the words of A.S. Pushkin that one should be proud of the glory of one's ancestors, and not respect it - shameful cowardice. It is history that links generations, preserves traditions and “does not allow a person to remain a barbarian.”
The problem of the teacher's role in human life
Many writers raised the problem of the role of a teacher in human life in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". In it, the author gratefully talks about his first teacher, who saw her duty not in “stuffing” children with knowledge, making future “robot-specialists” out of them, but in “educating Citizens of the Fatherland”. It was she who allowed the children to touch the past of the Motherland, instilled in them a love for history.
21. The problem of the influence of war on the fate of man
The problem of the influence of war on the fate of a person was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ...". Being participants in the Second World War, Boris Vasilyev says that it is still impossible to take off the weight of it. He calls this time a charred piece of biography and considers it his duty to write about that wartime. That is why the story “I was not on the lists” appears. This is a wreath of memory for the grave of his closest friend Nikolai Pluzhnikov. The military generation was devoid of youth: early responsibility made them young adults.
Arguments from the book of Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev "Letters about kindness"
Finding purpose and meaning in life
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that "increasing good in the world around us" is the highest and most worthy goal of human life. The one who considers career or material wealth to be the main value is mistaken, because all this can be lost in one moment. And a person who rejoiced in each of his good deeds does not lose, but gains the respect and gratitude of those around him.
The problem of honor and dignity
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that every person should follow the wise folk proverb and protect honor from a young age. After all, our actions live in the memory of people. The worthy ones will warm their hearts in old age, while the bad ones will not let them sleep peacefully at night.
The problem of love
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that love is necessary, since it is love that makes a person better, helps him gain wisdom. However, this feeling should not be unconscious, blind. You need to see the shortcomings of a loved one and help him deal with them.
The problem of truth, honesty
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that lies, cunning are always directed against the deceiver. The academician considers fidelity to truth and justice to be the highest feeling. A wise person will not dodge, the truth gives him the most valuable thing in life - a calm conscience.
The problem of patriotism and nationalism
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that you need to be patriots, not nationalists. There is no need to hate other nations if you love yours. A true patriot should know and appreciate the history of his country, strive to do everything possible for the prosperity of the Fatherland.
The problem of being kind to people
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that it is necessary to be open, tolerant of other people's shortcomings. You have to look for the good in people. This ability to see in a person the "obscured" beauty enriches spiritually.
The problem of resentment and revenge
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that one should not stoop to resentment, because excessive touchiness is a sign of complexes, so it is necessary to learn to forgive and never take revenge, as this allows a person to pay more attention to good feelings.
The problem of greed
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that greed is "forgetfulness of one's own dignity", a disgusting feeling, humiliating for a person, hostile to him and others. Greed, in contrast to reasonable thrift, is a disease that takes possession of the mind.
The problem of preserving the purity of the Russian language
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that language is an indicator of human culture, the degree of psychological balance, and spiritual strength. “Spitting words” people injure others, a self-confident person will not swear, use jargon: he knows that his word is already weighty.
The problem of manifestation of conscience
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that conscience always comes from the depths of the soul, it "is cleansed to some extent." It is this feeling that “gnaws” a person for his bad deeds. Besides, conscience is never false. A truly honest person considers it his life guide.
The problem of intelligence
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that a person must be intelligent under any circumstances. What is intelligence? It is not only in knowledge, but also in the ability to understand others, to be tolerant of other people's opinions, and to honor all the best traditions of the past.
The problem of envy
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that envy is a terrible, destructive feeling that is characteristic of people who have not found their way in life, insecure and notorious. To get rid of envy, it is necessary to develop unique traits in yourself, to strive to be yourself.
The problem of education
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that a well-mannered person is one "who wants and knows how to reckon with others." It is not enough to read and study books about the rules of etiquette, you need to learn to take care of the world and people, respect the past of your country.
The Problem of Happiness
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that a “spiritual culture” makes a person happy, because it is it that fills people’s lives with meaning. The happiest can be considered those who follow the "roads of good."
The problem of education, enlightenment
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that one should always study, but a particularly favorable time for getting a good education is youth. Knowledge grows and multiplies, therefore, self-education is necessary, which contributes to intellectual growth and broadening of horizons.
The problem of historical memory
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that young people should strive to better know the past of their family, city, country and the whole world. However, this is not enough: it is also necessary to carefully preserve cultural monuments, objects left from the ancestors in order to convey history to the descendants. After all, a people that forgets about the past has no right to the future.
The problem of the influence of works of art on a person
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that art ennobles a person, opens his soul for the perception of beauty, and teaches humanity. It is only necessary when dealing with great works to be "armed with knowledge", information. After all, knowledge is power, and art is "inaccessible to the powerless."
The problem of nature conservation
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that the laws of ecology must be observed, because their violation will lead to the physical death of people. In addition, the landscape of each country is an important element of national culture, since nature is “the expression of the soul of the people”. Do not protect it - destroy the culture of your country.
Vandalism, destruction of cultural monuments
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that the "stock of monuments" of culture is extremely limited and is depleted at a progressive rate. Therefore, in order not to be “not remembering kinship”, we must carefully treat the cultural environment, otherwise we will have nothing to leave to our descendants.
The problem of mercy and compassion
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist convinces young readers that a person should be caring, merciful. Compassion is a manifestation of morality, it unites people, makes them fight for humanity, justice, the preservation of nature and the past of their country. This feeling helps people not to harden their souls, since it has been forgotten, it needs to be revived.
The problem of the scientist's responsibility for the discovery
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The academician convinces young readers that a man of science bears moral responsibility for his discoveries. In the age of machines and robots, atomic energy and biological weapons, scientists must be especially careful and try not to harm the environment and people.
Memory problem
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that memory is the overcoming of time and death, therefore "a person without memory is an ungrateful, irresponsible and incapable of noble deeds person." The younger generation needs to take care of memory and know that it is “our wealth”.
The role of youth, youth in the fate of a person
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about kindness". The scientist is convinced that youth is a time when a person makes real friends, develops habits that will help or hinder him in the future. For example, it is important to instill diligence in youth, since there is no more unfortunate "man who is lazy and avoids effort." It must be remembered that deeds committed in youth will warm the heart in old age, and bad deeds "will not let you sleep."
- Category: Arguments for writing the exam
- L.N. Tolstoy - the story "Childhood". In this work, the writer explores the process of character formation. In the mind of the hero Nikolenka Irtenyev, the whole richest spectrum of life impressions was reflected: childhood, family, class. Gradually, the hero begins to discover the world around him, people and explore his own soul. So, Nikolenka feels his moral separation from friends and acquaintances. The father's authority is collapsing: the hero begins to realize that his mother is deprived of his attention. “The tragedy of the ruined life of the faithful master's slave Natalya Savishna is revealed. The first competition of minds and characters takes place: Nikolenka and Volodya's older brother, Nikolenka and Seryozha Ivnin. Unconscious cruelty is manifested ... - pushing around Ilenka Grap. The main result of childhood is that all things and relationships are in motion, you are not alone in the world.
- I.A. Goncharov - the novel "Oblomov". In this novel, the author deeply explores the nature of his hero, the origins of his character, in the pictures of Oblomov's childhood. The author gives us these pictures in Oblomov's Dream. We see here a description of nature. Her serenity, calmness is akin to a fairy tale. In this place there are no "dense forests", a sad sea, mountains and abysses. But the sky there is “like a parental reliable roof”, the sun “shines brightly and hotly around noon and then moves away ... as if reluctantly ...”. And all the nature there represents "a series of ... cheerful, smiling landscapes ...". This Central Russian nature with the unhurried flow of rivers, the serene spirit of the fields influenced the gentle character of Ilya. Next, we come across a description of the landlord and peasant life. And again here is a kind of idyll: "Happy people lived, thinking that it should not and cannot be otherwise, confident that all others live in exactly the same way and that it is a sin to live otherwise ...". Oblomovites are hardworking, religious, superstitious, they like to listen to fairy tales, to solve dreams. The hero will forever remember the endless winter evenings, the nurse's tales about a wonderful country where rivers of honey and milk flow, where beauties and good fellows walk. It was here, in Oblomovka, that an important feature of his character was formed in his distant childhood - poetic daydreaming. Legends and fairy tales, epics and parables determined his consciousness and attitude to life.
Another defining feature of Oblomov's character is independence from the world of external life, a sense of inner freedom. That is why service is only as a career, secular friends, empty women, unable to give happiness, turn out to be alien to the hero. “They are all dead. Sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!” - says Oblomov. He is looking for perfection in this world, "the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man." In his actions and thoughts, Ilya Ilyich is noble, his soul is "pure and clear as glass."
However, life in the family estate also shaped the negative aspects of Oblomov's character. So, little Ilyusha grew up active and inquisitive, but his best impulses were thwarted. The constant guardianship of parents and nannies did not allow the child to fully develop. All his attempts to do something on his own were refuted by arguments: “Why? Where? And Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka for what? His studies at the Stolz boarding house were intermittent, he became indifferent to the sciences. Gradually, the child developed laziness, inertia, apathy, indifference to life.
Ilya Ilyich dreams of love and family, but he is not allowed to experience the ideal feeling. He breaks up with Olga Ilyinskaya, as she cannot give him true happiness. Agafya Pshenitsyna, with her character and way of life, is somewhat closer to the female type that existed in his childhood. And that is why he remains on the Vyborg side, in the house of Agafya Matveevna, she becomes the same Militrisa Kirbityevna, about whom his nanny read to him. So the fairy tale is embodied in the life of Oblomov. Thus, childhood years, according to the writer, completely determine our character and life scenario.
- F. Iskander - the book "Reflections of the Writer" (a collection of essays and journalism). The author identifies two types of creativity in Russian literature - "home" and "homelessness". Poets, defenders and organizers of the "home" - Pushkin, Tolstoy, Akhmatova. The authors of "homelessness" are Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tsvetaeva. So, Lermontov's Pechorin destroys Bela's house, Grushnitsky's house, being homeless, dies in Persia himself. Pushkinsky Eugene in the poem "The Bronze Horseman", on the contrary, defends his right to a house, rebelling against Peter. We find poetry at home in "Eugene Onegin", "The Captain's Daughter".
- Events that occurred in childhood awaken new aspirations in a person.
- A person's adult life is largely determined by what he learned in childhood.
- Not always the love that a child is surrounded by is good for him.
- Childhood is a preparation for adulthood, because already in childhood a person begins to form moral values.
Arguments
1. LN Tolstoy "War and Peace". One of the heroes of Leo Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”, young Petya Rostov, who inherited all the best features of the “Rostov breed”: kindness, openness, desire to help a person at any moment, cannot stay at home in a time of severe trials. Despite the prohibitions and persuasions of his father and mother, Peter got his way: he was sent to the active army. And there he shows his best qualities, instilled since childhood. Petya took pity on the French captive drummer, how generously he treated his older comrades with sweets, how boldly and recklessly he raced on his horse into the thick of battle...
2. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Children from the Rostov family grew up in an atmosphere of love and care. They were not afraid to express their emotions, they learned from their parents sincerity, honesty and openness to people. A cloudless childhood made the heroes not lazy and loafers, but kind and sympathetic people with a sensitive heart. Petya Rostov, who has absorbed the best qualities of his parents, realizes his positive character traits in adulthood. He cannot remain indifferent when he learns that a war is starting. The childhood of Prince Andrei and Princess Marya cannot be called cloudless: their father was always strict, and sometimes rude to them. But the high moral values instilled by the father in childhood became decisive in the adult life of the heroes. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky grew up to be real patriots, fair and honest people.
3. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The childhood of the protagonist Oblomov in I.A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was fabulous and cloudless. Everyone loved little Ilyusha, caressed, pampered, protected from all sorts of dangers. Oblomov did nothing, his parents forbade him to show his will, and any attempts at independence were immediately stopped. Such excessive guardianship and care drowned out in Oblomov any desire to do something himself, to learn something new. In the future, we see how the hero grew up: lazy, apathetic, completely unadapted to life.
4. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Cloudless was the childhood of the hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky, Rodion Raskolnikov. A kind and sympathetic boy could not tolerate injustice. We learn about this from his dream about a poor horse, which is slaughtered in front of a dozen people by a drunken Mikolka. Adults are afraid to fall under the arm of a brutalized person, and little Rodya, crying and screaming loudly, attacks the owner of the horse with his fists. This childhood memory pops up in his sick mind a few days before the murder of the old woman and, it would seem, stops him, pushes him to renounce his plan ... But, alas!
5. In the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls" Little Pavlusha Chichikov remembered his father’s order for the rest of his life: be able to please superiors, communicate with people for the sake of profit and take good care of money. The strength of the father's covenant was reflected in Chichikov's adult life. For him, the main goal in life was connected with the world of things, and money is the only true friend. Thus, Chichikov not only became an immoral person who can step over any morality for the sake of profit, but also a loner who did not know true friendship and love.
6. A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to the service, said a very important and correct thing: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." The father's words became the most important moral guide for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was really important for him not to betray his father and Motherland. This example is a clear confirmation that the instructions of parents help the child learn the most important moral values.
Here are collected the most popular problems of childhood, which are touched upon by authors of different trends and eras. Each of them is reflected in the headings, under which you can find suitable arguments for writing on the exam in the Russian language. All these examples can be downloaded in the table at the end of the article.
- In the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls" the authoritative instructions of Chichikov Sr. are a powerful stimulus to the formation of the character and activity of the protagonist. The list of postulates included: the ability to please superiors, communication with people for the sake of profit and respect for money. The strength of the father's covenant was reflected in Chichikov's adult life. He followed his father's behest, skillfully mastering the ability to accumulate. This adherence to authority made Paul a talented hoarder, but also an unhappy person, for whom the main goal in life is connected with the world of things, and money is the only true friend. Thus, Chichikov not only became an immoral person who can step over any morality for the sake of profit, but also a loner who did not know true friendship and love.
- In allegorical fairy tale by Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince" the role of authority is played by the Fox from the planet Earth, who taught his friend the basic principles of friendship and love. The fox doesn't just tell the prince how to make friends and love properly. He tells the boy to "tame" him. Only through the process of "establishing bonds" does the hero understand the truths that Fox preaches. At the cost of his suffering, he learns the Little Prince, and he returns to his beloved - the rose - because he once tamed her too.
Growing up problem
- The story of V.T. Tendryakov "Night after graduation" most fully reveals the problems of growing up. The transition from school to adulthood is a difficult time in a teenager's life. The best student of the graduating class, Yulia Studentseva, taking the opportunity to speak out for her class at the graduation party, said that she was indifferent to all the paths and opportunities that were now opening up before her. The problem of choosing a path that will determine the rest of your life, the search for your calling is just one of the few conflicts of growing up that are reflected in the story of V.T.Tendryakov.
- Trilogy L.N. Tolstoy "Childhood. Adolescence. Youth" tells about the problems of the moral development of Nikolenka Irtenyev. The questions that occupy the main character are the questions of self-determination, which are asked by most of the younger generation. For example, in "boyhood" Nikolenka painfully experiences an age gap with his older brother Volodya, envies his character. Emotional experiences result in uncontrollable tantrums, in a fit of which he beats the tutor. In Youth, the protagonist is occupied with more subtle problems: he tries to streamline his life, creating "rules" and trying to understand the weight of a human word. As a young man, Nikolenka is inclined to schematically share all the phenomena of life. For example, in the chapter "Love" he reflects step by step on the three kinds of love. Thus, the reader sees how complex and long the process of personality development is.
The influence and role of childhood in human life
- young monk Mtsyri is a key figure in the work of the same name by M.Yu. Lermontov. All his life he yearned for his native land of the mountainous Caucasus. The personal tragedy of the hero lies in his slavery, which does not give him the opportunity to return to his home. The young man's monologue before his death contains childhood memories, in which his father, sisters, and the evening hearth appear. But the main thing for Mtsyri is that his childhood memories refer the hero to the idea of a ghostly and distant freedom, which the young soul so longs for. Thus, childhood memories associated with a sense of freedom and happiness served as an incentive for the fatal escape of the hero.
- The problem of the influence of childhood memories on a person is actualized in the work F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". On the eve of a brutal murder, a young student, Rodion Raskolnikov, has a childhood dream. In it, the main character appears as a little boy, subtly and painfully feeling compassion for the horse killed by the drunken Mikolka. It is no coincidence that the author includes this dream in the narrative. This memory casts doubt on Raskolnikov's theory, saying that no one has the right to dispose of someone else's life. But the ideological beginning still outweighs in the mind of Rodion, and he still kills the old woman. However, thoughts from childhood do not let him go, it was they who initiated the contradiction in the soul of the criminal.
- In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" the problem of child poverty is shown in the Marmeladov family. The children of Katerina Ivanovna had terrible conditions of existence in terms of the scale of poverty. They often remained hungry, which was reflected in their emaciated faces, they wore worn out clothes. Finally, the very location of the family room, which was a walk-through and hung with sheets to create the illusion of separation of space, completes the picture of poverty. The poverty of the Marmeladov family, including child poverty, prompted Sonya to step over herself and go "on a yellow ticket."
- Valentin Rasputin's story "French Lessons" best reflects the problem of child poverty. The central character, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted, tells about a dysfunctional family and a hungry childhood. Need pushes him to earn money through gambling in a dubious company. The cheating of one of the players was noticed by the boy, after which he was severely beaten. The situation of the child did not go unnoticed by the young French teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, who secretly helped the boy with food. When the identity of the sender was revealed, Lidia Mikhailovna herself began to play with the main character for money, after which she lost her job. However, even after that, she continued to support the student. But the story of her philanthropy reflects an unresolved child welfare issue that many don't want to see.
