“NEW Novel "What “New WITH Kirsanov I really Such people
PEOPLE” IN N.G. CHERNYSHEVSKY “WHAT
DO?"
Chernyshevsky "What to do?" captured in
their ideological and semantic problems, genre
complexity and diversity of structures
multi-channel historical movement
Russian life and literature in the 50s
centuries.
do?" - a novel about "new people".
Chernyshevsky "knows not only how
new people think and reason, but also how
they feel like they love and respect each other
friend, how they arrange their family and
everyday life and how passionately they strive for
that time and that order of things,
who could be loved by all people and
trustingly stretch out a hand to everyone.”
people, according to Pisarev, are utopian socialists.”
His socialism was utopian, but he
correctly pointed out this feature of theirs. IN
novel Chernyshevsky showed images of “new
people” - Lopukhov and Kirsanova. Life on
principles of collectivism, according to the rule of “reasonable
selfishness” (make it so that others
good - there is no equal happiness) - that's the one
first step towards socialism
society
on which Lopukhov and Kirsanov firmly stand.
The difference between people of the era of the revolutionary situation
from their predecessors Chernyshevsky saw in active participation in serious
activities. It is clear why in their
two new words appeared in the description:
"strong”
and "able". They indicate their difference from
predecessors. They were "kind" and "honest",
these became moreover "strong" and "able."
They believe that everything is created by labor. For
them bums are morally unacceptable.
they have the utmost respect for
woman, considering her a friend in, fighting for
happiness. They give her full
freedom in life, in choosing a friend. love for
them - a sublime feeling, free from
selfishness, selfishness. Vera Pavlovna love
to Kirsanov helps to grow spiritually, she
says that love is
help rise and rise.
believes in the strength of friendship, he says
Lopukhov, that I would give my
head without hesitation. Lopukhov, in turn,
“leaves the stage so as not to be in the way of
happiness ”Kirsanov, and at the same time feels
who acts like a noble person. Myself
Chernyshevsky considered positive only
someone who loves and cares for others
happiness. Lopukhov and Kirsanov -
revolutionary democrats. These are the best
representatives of progressive people
They enlighten the masses
contribute to the development and improvement
revolutionary consciousness of the people.
that “honesty of the heart”, “decency” is close
new people, which focused
author. She wasn't made up, she's real
existed - it was crystal
morality of revolutionary democracy.
For me, it is important for a person to evaluate his own
actions and be able to listen to criticism from
sides of others. Such qualities are
new people, as they know what it is
necessary for the good of others. Heroes
Chernyshevsky passionately defend their right
self-respect, which is very important. None
can choose a man's life, he makes it
myself. It sounds like the law. But in order to
understand that you need to set goals and
tasks. For new people, the purpose of life is
service
I think there is no nobler purpose. Exactly
Therefore, new people are so dear and close to me.
were and will be “motors of engines”, “salt
salt of the earth." Without such people it is impossible
life. 'Cause she has to change
change from year to year. These days too
there is a place for new people who contribute
fundamental changes in life. And in this
regard to Chernyshevsky's novel What Is to Be Done?
valuable to the modern reader. He
helps to raise the soul of a person,
desire to fight for the good of society. I
I am sure that the essence of the novel will always be
modern and necessary for society.
Following the abolition of serfdom in 1861, people of an unprecedented formation began to emerge in Russian society. Children of officials, priests, petty nobles and industrialists came to Moscow, St. Petersburg and other large cities from different parts of Russia to get a good education. It was they who treated such people. It was they who, with pleasure and joy, absorbed not only knowledge, but also culture in the university walls, introducing, in turn, into the life of the democratic customs of their small provincial towns and obvious dissatisfaction with the old noble system.
They were intended to give rise to a new era in the development of Russian society. This phenomenon was also reflected in Russian literature of the 60s of the 19th century, just at that time Turgenev and Chernyshevsky wrote novels about "new people". The heroes of these works were raznochintsy revolutionaries, who considered the struggle for a happy life for all people in the future to be the main goal of their lives. In the subtitle of the novel "What is to be done?" N. G. Chernyshevsky we read: "From stories about new people."
Chernyshevsky "knows not only how new people think and reason, but also how they feel, how they love and respect each other, how they arrange their family and everyday life, and how fervently they strive for that time and that order of things, with whom it would be possible to love all people and trustingly stretch out a hand to everyone.
The main characters of the novel - Lopukhov, Kirsanov and Vera Pavlovna - are representatives of a new type of people. They do not seem to do anything that would exceed ordinary human capabilities. These are normal people, and the author himself recognizes them as such people; this circumstance is extremely important, it gives the whole novel a particularly deep meaning.
By nominating Lopukhov, Kirsanov and Vera Pavlovna as the main characters, the author thereby shows readers: this is how ordinary people can be, and this is how they should be, if, of course, they want their life to be full of happiness and pleasure. Wanting to prove to readers that they are really ordinary people, the author brings to the stage the titanic figure of Rakhmetov, whom he himself recognizes as extraordinary and calls "special". Rakhmetov does not participate in the action of the novel, because people like him are only then and there in their own sphere and in their place, when and where they can be historical figures. Neither science nor family happiness satisfies them.
They love all people, suffer from every injustice that occurs, experience in their own souls the great grief of millions, and give everything they can to heal this grief. Chernyshevsky's attempt to introduce a special person to readers can be called quite successful. Before him, Turgenev undertook this business, but, unfortunately, completely unsuccessfully.
The heroes of the novel are people who come from different walks of life, mostly students who are engaged in the natural sciences and "early got used to making their way with their breasts."
In Chernyshevsky's novel, we see a whole group of like-minded people. The basis of their activity is propaganda, Kirsanov's student circle is one of the most effective. Young revolutionaries are brought up here, the personality of a "special person", a professional revolutionary, is formed here. To become a special person, you must first of all have tremendous willpower in order to give up all pleasures and drown out all the slightest desires in yourself for the sake of your business.
Work in the name of the revolution becomes the only, completely absorbing business. In the formation of Rakhmetov's convictions, the conversation with Kirsanov was of decisive importance, during which "he sends a curse to that which must die, etc." After him, the rebirth of Rakhmetov into a "special person" began. The fact that the "new people" have followers (Rakhmetov's scholarship holders) speaks of the strength of the influence of this circle on young people.
Chernyshevsky gave in his novel the image of the "new woman". Vera Pavlovna, whom Lopukhov "brought" out of the "basement of philistine life," is a comprehensively developed person, she strives for perfection: she decides to become a doctor in order to bring even greater benefit to people. Escaping from her parents' house, Vera Pavlovna also frees other women. She creates a workshop where she helps poor girls find their place in life.
All the activities of Lopukhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna are inspired by faith in the onset of a brighter future. They are no longer alone, although the circle of their like-minded people is still narrow. But it was people like Kirsanov, Lopukhov, Vera Pavlovna and others who were needed at that time in Russia. Their images served as an example for the formation of the worldview of the revolutionary generation. The author realized that the people described in his novel are his dream. But this dream turned out to be a prophecy at the same time. “Years will pass,” says the author of the novel about the type of new man, “and he will be reborn in more numerous people.”
The writer himself wrote well about the “new people” and their significance in the life of the rest of mankind in his own work: “There are few of them, but the life of all blooms with them; without them, it would have died out, turned sour; there are few of them, but they allow all people to breathe, without them, people would suffocate. This is the color of the best people, these are engines of engines, this is the salt of the salt of the earth. "
Without such people, life is unthinkable, because it must always change, being modified over time. In these days there is also a field of activity for new people who make fundamental changes in life. Roman Chernyshevsky "What to do?" invaluable and topical in this regard and for the current reader, helping to activate the rise in the human soul, the craving for the struggle for social good. The problem of the work will be eternally modern and necessary for the formation of society.
/ / / "New people" in Chernyshevsky's novel "What is to be done?"
The abolition of serfdom brought about certain changes in the development of society. Among the gray and monotonous mass, "new people" began to appear.
Who were they? Children of officials and petty nobles, merchants and priests. Representatives of this generation traveled rapidly to the capitals, to big cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg. They entered educational institutions, institutes and absorbed the proposed knowledge like sponges. In addition, new people brought their own rules, taken from small provincial towns, to the surrounding society.
What was their purpose? In the formation of a new era that has come in the life of a Russian person.
The novel "What to do?" presents readers with heroes - revolutionaries who dreamed of universal happiness, who believed in a brighter future. The author of the novel knows not only the thoughts and emotions that spin and spin in the minds of the "new" people. He understands the reasons for their laughter, compassion, sadness. The writer can confidently talk about the relationships of such people, about their family life, about how they try to help each other and lend a helping hand.
Representatives of the new generation are Kirsanov, Lopukhov and Vera Pavlovna. N. Chernyshevsky calls them ordinary, ordinary people who do not differ from the rest of the inhabitants of cities and settlements. Throughout the novel, the author repeatedly calls his characters ordinary, not outstanding people. And everyone can be like that, without exception, if there is a desire.
To create a contrast, Chernyshevsky includes in the text of the work such a figure as. He can be called a special person who experiences the misfortunes of other people, who takes everything that happens around him to heart and tries to help with all his efforts.
The main characters of the novel are students who pore over the natural sciences and make their way into life by their own efforts. The reader gets acquainted with Kirsanov's student circle, which promotes revolutionary attitudes. In order to create a special society and become an unusual person, you need to devote yourself to work. And this idea works. The members of Kirsanov's circle have followers.
The image of a woman - a "new", useful one - does not go unnoticed in the novel. Using the example of Vera Pavlovna's heroine, the reader sees how she emerges from the shadow of petty-bourgeois life, wants to become a doctor in order to benefit others. A woman creates her own workshop, helps unfortunate girls who have gone astray and cannot find their way.
Such heroes of the novel as Lopukhov, Kirsanov represented a new generation that aspired to a bright future and stubbornly walked towards the intended goal. Their ideas inspired other people as well. Of course, there were not many adherents of this theory yet. However, every day this idea won the attention of more and more of the population.
The main characters of the novel "What to do?" breathed fresh breath into the established life of Russians, invigorating air that can bring changes. And such people must necessarily appear in society, stir up old morals, ideas and turn them into something bright and giving hope.
"... I wanted to portray ordinary
decent people of the new generation.
Chernyshevsky N. G
Following the abolition of serfdom in 1861, people of an unprecedented formation began to emerge in Russian society. Children of officials, priests, petty nobles and industrialists came to Moscow, St. Petersburg and other large cities from different parts of Russia to get a good education. It was they who treated such people.
It was they who, with pleasure and joy, absorbed not only knowledge, but also culture in the university walls, introducing, in turn, into the life of the democratic customs of their small provincial towns and obvious dissatisfaction with the old noble system.
They were intended to give rise to a new era in the development of Russian society. This phenomenon was also reflected in Russian literature of the 60s of the 19th century, just at that time Turgenev and Chernyshevsky wrote novels about "new people". The heroes of these works were raznochintsy revolutionaries, who considered the struggle for a happy life for all people in the future to be the main goal of their lives. In the subtitle of the novel "What is to be done?" N. G. Chernyshevsky we read: "From stories about new people."
Chernyshevsky "knows not only how new people think and reason, but also how they feel, how they love and respect each other, how they arrange their family and everyday life, and how fervently they strive for that time and that order of things, with whom it would be possible to love all people and trustingly stretch out a hand to everyone.
The main characters of the novel - Lopukhov, Kirsanov and Vera Pavlovna - are representatives of a new type of people. They do not seem to do anything that would exceed ordinary human capabilities. These are normal people, and the author himself recognizes them as such people; this circumstance is extremely important, it gives the whole novel a particularly deep meaning.
By nominating Lopukhov, Kirsanov and Vera Pavlovna as the main characters, the author thereby shows readers: this is how ordinary people can be, and this is how they should be, if, of course, they want their life to be full of happiness and pleasure. Wanting to prove to readers that they are really ordinary people, the author brings to the stage the titanic figure of Rakhmetov, whom he himself recognizes as extraordinary and calls "special". Rakhmetov does not participate in the action of the novel, because people like him are only then and there in their own sphere and in their place, when and where they can be historical figures. Neither science nor family happiness satisfies them.
They love all people, suffer from every injustice that occurs, experience in their own souls the great grief of millions, and give everything they can to heal this grief. Chernyshevsky's attempt to introduce a special person to readers can be called quite successful. Before him, Turgenev undertook this business, but, unfortunately, completely unsuccessfully.
The heroes of the novel are people who come from different walks of life, mostly students who are engaged in the natural sciences and "early got used to making their way with their breasts."
In Chernyshevsky's novel, we see a whole group of like-minded people. The basis of their activity is propaganda, Kirsanov's student circle is one of the most effective. Young revolutionaries are brought up here, the personality of a "special person", a professional revolutionary, is formed here. To become a special person, you must first of all have tremendous willpower in order to give up all pleasures and drown out all the slightest desires in yourself for the sake of your business.
Work in the name of the revolution becomes the only, completely absorbing business. In the formation of Rakhmetov's convictions, the conversation with Kirsanov was of decisive importance, during which "he sends a curse to that which must die, etc." After him, the rebirth of Rakhmetov into a "special person" began. The fact that the "new people" have followers (Rakhmetov's scholarship holders) speaks of the strength of the influence of this circle on young people.
Chernyshevsky gave in his novel the image of the "new woman". Vera Pavlovna, whom Lopukhov "brought" out of the "basement of philistine life," is a comprehensively developed person, she strives for perfection: she decides to become a doctor in order to bring even greater benefit to people. Escaping from her parents' house, Vera Pavlovna also frees other women. She creates a workshop where she helps poor girls find their place in life.
All the activities of Lopukhov, Kirsanov, Vera Pavlovna are inspired by faith in the onset of a brighter future. They are no longer alone, although the circle of their like-minded people is still narrow. But it was people like Kirsanov, Lopukhov, Vera Pavlovna and others who were needed at that time in Russia. Their images served as an example for the formation of the worldview of the revolutionary generation. The author realized that the people described in his novel are his dream. But this dream turned out to be a prophecy at the same time. “Years will pass,” says the author of the novel about the type of new man, “and he will be reborn in more numerous people.”
The writer himself wrote well about the “new people” and their significance in the life of the rest of mankind in his own work: “There are few of them, but the life of all blooms with them; without them, it would have died out, turned sour; there are few of them, but they allow all people to breathe, without them, people would suffocate. This is the color of the best people, these are engines of engines, this is the salt of the salt of the earth. "
Without such people, life is unthinkable, because it must always change, being modified over time. In these days there is also a field of activity for new people who make fundamental changes in life. Roman Chernyshevsky "What to do?" invaluable and topical in this regard and for the current reader, helping to activate the rise in the human soul, the craving for the struggle for social good. The problem of the work will be eternally modern and necessary for the formation of society.
The “new people”, about whom Chernyshevsky wrote in his novel, were representatives of a new phase in the development of society at that time. The world of these people was formed in the struggle with the old regime, which had become obsolete, but continued to dominate. The heroes of the novel at almost every step faced the difficulties and hardships of the old order and overcame them. "New people" in the work are commoners. They were determined, had a purpose in life, knew what they should do, were united by common ideas and aspirations. "Their main desire is for the people to be free, happy, to live in contentment." The "new people" believed in their people, saw them as resolute, powerful, capable of fighting. But in order for him to achieve his goal, he must be taught, inspired and united.
The raznochintsy, who are the heroes of Chernyshevsky's novel, have a developed sense of dignity, pride, and the ability to stand up for themselves. The author writes: “Each of them is a brave person, not hesitating, not yielding, who knows how to get down to business, and if he takes it, then he already firmly grasps it, so that it does not slip out of his hands. This is one side of their properties; on the other hand, each of them is a person of impeccable honesty, such that the question does not even come to mind, is it possible to rely on this person in everything, of course? It is as clear as the fact that he is breathing from his chest; as long as this chest breathes, it is hot and unchanging, boldly lay your head on it ... ”Chernyshevsky was able to show their common, typical features, but also the features of each of them.
Lopukhov and Kirsanov always relied only on themselves, worked together for the sake of a lofty goal - to develop and improve science, selfless, help those who need help, who deserve it. They did not look for benefits in the treatment of patients. But Dmitry Sergeevich is more calm, Alexander Matveevich is an emotional and artistic nature.
Vera Pavlovna found it difficult to live in her own house because of the constant harassment and reproaches of her mother, but she did not break under the yoke, did not surrender to the mercy of the old order. This heroine was strong by nature, from an early age she had her own views on life, she always wanted freedom and life without lies. It was not in her habit to prevaricate in front of people and, most importantly, in front of herself. She could not build her happiness on the misfortune of others, she could not stand it when she was treated like a thing. Vera Pavlovna tried to understand the rational structure of society, so she created a sewing workshop with fair procedures and conditions. She is not interested in money, she wants to see the process itself. Doing good for yourself does good for others. Vera Pavlovna, creating a workshop, aims to educate "new people". She believes that there are many good people, but they need help, and they will help others, there will be more “new people”. Vera Pavlovna is a different character than Katerina Polozova.
Rakhmetov is a special person, of all the others he is the most active. He understands that the struggle for the new world will be not for life, but for death. By all means he prepares himself for it. This hero is "the salt of the salt of the earth, the engine of engines." He renounced his personal interests for one purpose. It has great energy, endurance, clarity of thought and behavior. As Chernyshevsky writes: "Rakhmetov is an ebullient nature, he was a master of business, he was a great psychologist."
“Both Lopukhov, and Kirsanov, and Vera Pavlovna, and Polozova, and Rakhmetov are people of strong passions, great experiences, rich temperament. But at the same time, they can control their feelings, subordinate their behavior to the great tasks of the common cause. "New people" - people of high ideals. Activity for them was the realization of these ideals. All the "new people" lived according to the "theory of rational egoism." By doing things for themselves and for themselves, they also benefit others. According to Chernyshevsky, the “new people” behave in the same way in all situations: they remain people under any circumstances. The "new people" are not duplicitous. The heroes of Chernyshevsky's novel respect their loved one, do everything to make his life better, and treat each other as equals. That is why their love is pure and noble.
