Arguments for an essay on the problem of the role of human memory. The problem of preserving the memory of those who died in the war

Assignment to the composition of the exam:

15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War? Formulate and comment on your definition. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War

Arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments and answers that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

Essay or composition must be at least 70 words. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

An example of essay No. 1 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.

“War is the greatest calamity that can cause suffering to mankind; it destroys religion, states, families. Any disaster is preferable to it, ”said Martin Luther, a Christian theologian, the initiator of the Reformation, and a translator of the Bible into German. Indeed, war erases everything that a person has brought into this life. Any disaster does not take as many lives, does not bring as much pain and suffering as WAR, so people do not forget these terrible years.

In the text of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev, ..., the problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised.

The author notes that every year on the twenty-second of June an old woman comes to Brest. She does not aspire to the Brest Fortress. An old woman goes to the square, where she reads the same inscription on a marble slab, remembering her son.

An example proving my point is Olga Bergolts's poem "No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten." The lines of this poem are permeated with gratitude to the Russian soldiers who fought and died for the Fatherland. Olga Bergolts urges people to remember what our compatriots had to go through. The author says that every year the whole country "worships the ashes of the slain" as a sign of respect.

Another example proving my point is the blockade of Leningrad. On July 10, 1941, the Germans attacked Leningrad. Having a numerical and technical advantage, the Germans planned to capture the city soon. Despite this, the Russian people were able to withstand the siege. They never surrendered the city to the enemy. In memory of these years, Leningrad was awarded the title of Hero City.

Thus, it is important to remember the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, not to forget what our people had to endure.

An example of essay No. 2 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.

More than 70 years have passed since the last volleys of the Great Patriotic War died down. But until now, the word "war" resonates with pain in human hearts. The ninth of May is a sacred holiday for all the people of our country.

The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War sounds in the text of the Russian writer B. Vasiliev.

The defense of the Brest Fortress became one of the many legendary pages of that terrible war. The author writes that “The fortress did not fall. The fortress bled out.” Time erased the faces of the soldiers who defended the fortress. We don't know all of them by name. But we know one thing: to the last drop of blood they resisted fascism.

Now the Brest Fortress is a museum. Grateful descendants come here to remember those who forever remained lying on this earth, to bow to them.

Every year, on June 22, an old woman comes to Brest. She lays flowers at the marble slab, on which the name of her son, who heroically defended the Brest railway station, is carved. Decades have passed since the death of her son. But she is a mother, and in her heart he will live forever.

Each line of this text is filled with pride for all our people, who defeated fascism in the Second World War. The position of the author is clear: we are the descendants of the soldiers of the Second World War, we will forever remember their feat, heroism and courage

I remember "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by B. Vasiliev. Five female anti-aircraft gunners die, having entered into an unequal duel with the German landing. They die, but they don't give up. They had the opportunity to avoid this collision. But they made their choice: they died, but did not let the Nazis to the railroad. But a modest obelisk appeared at the edge of the forest. Sergeant Vaskov and the son of Rita Osyanina come here to remember the war years and honor the memory of the dead.

In the novel "The Young Guard" A. Fadeev tells about the underground workers who fought behind enemy lines against fascism. They were very young, dreaming of a happy life. But they were betrayed, and they all perished. Their names are forever carved on the marble slab of the memorial in the city of Krasnodon.

Time is merciless. The veterans are leaving. There are very few of them left. From their lips we learn the truth about the war. We, modern youth, are grateful to everyone who gave us a cloudless sky and the happiness of a peaceful day.

The composition of the exam in the text:" Brest Fortress. It is not far from Moscow: the train runs for less than a day. Everyone who visits those parts definitely comes to the fortress... " (according to B.L. Vasiliev).

Full text

(1) Brest Fortress. (2) It is not far from Moscow: the train runs for less than a day. (Z) Everyone who visits those parts must come to the fortress. (4) They do not speak loudly here: the days of the forty-first year were too deafening, and these stones remember too much. (b) Restrained guides accompany groups to the battlefields, and you can go down to the cellars of the 333rd regiment, touch the bricks melted by flamethrowers, go to the Terespol and Kholmsky gates, or stand silently under the vaults of the former church. (6) Don't rush. (7) Remember. (8) And bow. (9) In the museum, you will be shown weapons that once fired, and soldiers' shoes that someone hastily laced up in the early morning of June 22. (10) They will show you the personal belongings of the defenders and tell you how they went crazy with thirst, giving water to the children ... (11) And you will certainly stop near the banner - the only banner that has so far been found in the fortress. (12) But they are looking for banners. (13) They are looking for, because the fortress did not surrender, and the Germans did not capture a single battle banner here. (14) The fortress did not fall. (15) The fortress bled out. (16) Historians do not like legends, but they will certainly tell you about an unknown defender whom the Germans managed to take only in the tenth month of the war. (17) On the tenth, in April 1942. (18) This man fought for almost a year. (19) A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors on the left and right, without orders and rear, without shifts and letters from home. (20) Time did not convey either his name or rank, but we know that it was a Soviet soldier. (21) Every year on June 22, the Brest Fortress solemnly and sadly marks the beginning of the war. (22) The surviving defenders arrive, wreaths are laid, the guard of honor freezes. (23) Every year on June 22, an old woman arrives in Brest by the earliest train. (24) She is in no hurry to leave the noisy station and has never been to the fortress. (25) She goes to the square where a marble slab hangs at the entrance to the station: from June 22 to July 2, 1941, under the leadership of Lieutenant Nikolai (the surname is unknown) and the foreman of Pavel Basnev, military personnel and railway workers heroically defended the station. (26) All day long the old woman reads this inscription. (27) Standing next to her, as if on guard of honor. (28) Leaves. (29) Brings flowers. (30) And stands again, and reads again. (31) Reads one name. (32) Seven letters: "NICHOLAS". (ЗЗ) The noisy station lives a familiar life. (34) Trains come and go, announcers announce that people should not forget tickets, music rumbles, people laugh out loud. (35) And an old woman stands quietly near the marble board. (36) There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. (37) Only what they fought for matters.

An article by Russian writer Boris Vasiliev makes us wonder if we remember those soldiers who defended our country, us, from the black plague of fascism. The problem of the memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised by the author of the article. There are many museums in our country dedicated to the heroes-soldiers. One of them is the Museum of the Defenders of the Brest Fortress.

The position of the author is clearly expressed in the words: “Do not rush. Remember. And bow down." The author calls on modern youth to remember those who gave us a free life, preserved our state, our people. And the most important thing is what they fought for, and they fought for our future.

I fully agree with the author of the article. We have no right to forget those who died in this bloody massacre, we must know and honor their graves, their monuments. It is impossible to live without touching this, because this is our history. This must be remembered and passed on to future generations.

Many Russian writers raised the theme of war in their works. Great works have been written about the heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers. These are “The Fate of a Man” by M. Sholokhov, and “Soldiers Are Not Born” by K. Simonov, and “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” by B. Vasiliev, and many, many others. After reading Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man", for a long time I could not move away from the state into which he introduced me. Andrey Sokolov has gone through a lot. The fate that fell during the war is the most difficult. But, despite all the difficulties, having gone through all the horror of captivity, a concentration camp, Sokolov was able to retain human feelings of kindness and compassion.

Also, B. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” tells about ordinary Soviet girls who were not afraid of an enemy many times superior to them and fulfilled their military duty: they did not allow the Germans to go to the railway tracks in order to blow them up. For a brave deed, the girls paid with their lives.

It is impossible to forget what freedom cost our country. We must remember those who laid down their lives for the future of their descendants. Honor the memory, and teach this to your children, passing the memory of the war from generation to generation.

In this material, we focused the reader's attention on the main issues raised in the texts for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. Arguments illustrating these problems are found under the appropriate headings. You can also download the table with all these examples at the end of the article.

1. IN stories by V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matyora" the author touches on the problem of preserving the natural heritage, which is very important for the whole society. The writer notes that without knowledge of the past it is impossible to build a worthy future. Nature is also a memory, our history. So, the death of the island of Matera and the small village of the same name caused the loss of memory of the wonderful days of life in this area, its former inhabitants ... Unfortunately, only the older generation, for example, the main character Daria Pinigina, understood that Matera is not just an island, it is a connection with past, the memory of ancestors. When Matera disappeared under the waters of the raging Angara, and the last inhabitant left this place, the memory died.
2. History of heroes science fiction story American writer Ray Bradbury's "Thunder Came" is also a confirmation that nature is part of our common history. Nature, time and memory - all these concepts are intertwined, and this is emphasized by the science fiction writer. The death of a small creature, a butterfly, caused the death of the future of the whole world. Intervention in the life of the wildlife of the prehistoric past was very expensive for the inhabitants of planet Earth. Thus, the problem of preserving the natural heritage in Ray Bradbury's story "Thunder Came" is raised so that people think about the value of the environment, because it is inextricably linked with the history of mankind.

Preservation of cultural heritage

1. In the book of the Soviet and Russian philologist and culturologist D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful" the problem of preserving cultural heritage is revealed. The author makes his readers think about what cultural monuments mean for a person. The Doctor of Philology reminds us that, unlike natural objects, architectural structures are not capable of self-healing. He encourages everyone to take an active part in preserving the memory, frozen in clay and plaster. In his opinion, no one should reject the culture of the past, since it is the foundation of our future. This statement should convince every caring person to try to solve the problem of preserving the cultural heritage posed by D.S. Likhachev.
2. IN novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" one of the main characters, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, is sure that culture is irreplaceable in people's lives. The author tries to convey through this hero the idea of ​​the importance of cultural heritage not only to the nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov, but to all readers. Without the healing influence of art, Eugene, for example, could not understand himself and realize in time that he is a romantic, and also needs warmth and affection. It is the spiritual realm that helps us to know ourselves, so we cannot deny it. Music, fine arts, literature make a person noble, morally beautiful, so it is necessary to take care of the preservation of cultural monuments.

The problem of memory in family relationships

1. In the story of K.N. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya for many years forgot about her mother, did not come, did not visit. She was justified by everyday employment, but no business can be compared in importance with her own mother. The story of the main character is given by the author as a warning to the reader: the care and love of parents should not be forgotten by children, because one day it will be too late to repay them the same. So it happened with Nastya. Only after the death of her mother did the girl realize that she had given very little time to the one who protected her sleep by the crib.
2. The words of parents, their instructions are sometimes remembered by children for many years and even for life. Yes, main character stories by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", Petr Grinev, very clearly understood for himself the simple truth of his father "take care of honor from an early age." Thanks to his parents and their instructions, the hero never gave up, did not blame anyone for his problems, accepted defeats with honor and dignity, if life required it. The memory of the parents was something sacred for Peter Grinev. He respected their opinion, tried to justify the trust in himself, which later helped him to become happy and free.

The problem of historical memory

1. In the novel by B. L. Vasiliev “I was not on the lists” the protagonist had not yet managed to check in at a combat post, as the bloody World War II began. He invested all his young forces in the defense of the Brest Fortress, during which everyone died. Even left alone, he did not cease to terrify the invaders with his nightly sorties. When Pluzhnikov was caught, the enemies saluted him, as the Soviet soldier impressed them with his courage. But the title of the novel tells us that many such nameless heroes are lost in the hustle and bustle of days when they simply did not have time to be included in the next list. But how much have they, unrecognized and forgotten, done for us? In order for us to at least keep this in our memory, the author dedicated a whole work to the feat of Nikolai Pluzhnikov, which thus became a monument of military glory on a mass grave.
2. In Aldous Huxley's dystopia "Brave New World" describes a society that denies its history. As we can see, their ideal life, not clouded by memories, has become only a cloying and meaningless semblance of real life. They do not have feelings and emotions, family and marriage, friendship and other values ​​that define personality. All new people are empty shells, existing according to the laws of reflexes and instincts, primitive creatures. Against their background, the Savage stands out favorably, whose upbringing was built in connection with the achievements and defeats of past eras. That is why his individuality is undeniable. Only historical memory, expressed in the continuity of generations, allows us to develop harmoniously.

• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• A.T. Tvardovsky - a poem "There are names and there are such dates ...". Lyrical hero A.T. Tvardovsky acutely feels his and his generation's guilt before the dead heroes. Objectively, such guilt does not exist, but the hero judges himself by the highest court - the spiritual court. This is a man of great conscience, honesty, aching soul for everything that happens. He feels guilty because he simply lives, can enjoy the beauty of nature, enjoy the holidays, work on weekdays. And the dead cannot be resurrected. They gave their lives for the happiness of future generations. And their memory is eternal, immortal. There is no need for loud phrases and laudatory speeches. But every minute we must remember those to whom we owe our lives. The dead heroes did not leave without a trace, they will live in our descendants, in the future. The theme of historical memory is also heard by Tvardovsky in the poems “I was killed near Rzhev”, “They lie, deaf and dumb”, “I know: no fault of mine ...”.
• E. Nosov - the story "The Living Flame". The plot of the story is simple: the narrator rents a house from an elderly woman, Aunt Olya, who lost her only son in the war. One day he plants poppies in her flowerbeds. But the heroine clearly does not like these flowers: poppies have a bright but short life. They probably remind her of the fate of her son, who died at a young age. But in the finale, Aunt Olya's attitude to flowers changed: now a whole carpet of poppies was blazing in her flower bed. “Some crumbled, dropping petals to the ground, like sparks, others only opened their fiery tongues. And from below, from the damp, full of vitality of the earth, more and more tightly rolled buds rose up to keep the living fire from going out. The image of the poppy in this story is symbolic. It is a symbol of everything sublime, heroic. And this heroic continues to live in our minds, in our souls. Memory nourishes the roots of the "moral spirit of the people." Memory inspires us to new feats. The memory of the fallen heroes will always remain with us. This, I think, is one of the main ideas of the work.
• B. Vasiliev - story "Exhibit No. ...". In this work, the author raises the problem of historical memory and child cruelty. Collecting relics for the school museum, the pioneers steal from the blind pensioner Anna Fedotovna two letters she received from the front. One letter was from the son, the second - from his comrade. These letters were very dear to the heroine. Faced with unconscious childish cruelty, she lost not only the memory of her son, but also the meaning of life. The author bitterly describes the feelings of the heroine: “But it was deaf and empty. No, the letters, taking advantage of her blindness, were not taken out of the box - they were taken out of her soul, and now not only she was blind and deaf, but also her soul. The letters ended up in the storeroom of the school museum. “The pioneers were thanked for their active search, but there was no place to find them, and the letters of Igor and Sergeant Perepletchikov were put aside in reserve, that is, they simply put them in a long drawer. They are still there, these two letters with a neat note: "EXHIBITION No....". They lie in a desk drawer in a red folder with the inscription: "SECONDARY MATERIALS TO THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR".

Many writers in their works turn to the theme of war. On the pages of stories, novels and essays, they keep the memory of the great feat of the Soviet soldiers, of the price at which they won the victory. For example, Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" introduces the reader to a simple driver - Andrei Sokolov. During the war, Sokolov lost his family. His wife and children were killed, the house was destroyed. However, he continued to fight. He was captured, but managed to escape. And after the war, he found the strength to adopt an orphaned boy - Vanyushka. “The Fates of Man” is a work of fiction, but it is based on real events. I am sure that there were many such stories during those four terrible years. And literature allows us to feel the state of people who have passed these tests in order to appreciate their feat even more.

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