What to think about? Russian classical literature is fertile material for educating a person in a loving relationship with nature. It is difficult to find other national literature in the world that pays so much attention to the theme "Nature and Man".
What to think about? Descriptions of nature in Russian classical literature are not just a background against which the action unfolds, they are important in the overall structure of the work, in the characterization of the character, because in relation to nature, the inner appearance of a person, his spiritual and moral component is also revealed.
What to think about? The English writer C. Snow, speaking about the difference between English literature and Russian literature, remarked: “In almost all works of Russian literature, and especially of Tolstoy, the English reader feels the breath of vast spaces, boundless Russian plains.”
Thesis: “Man and nature are a single whole. We are all a product of nature, part of it "M. Prishvin "The Pantry of the Sun" In the work "The Pantry of the Sun" Prishvin expressed his innermost thoughts about the relationship between man and nature: "We are the masters of our nature, and for us it is the pantry of the sun with great treasures life." Ch. Aitmatov "Scaffold"
V. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" In "Tsar-fish" Viktor Astafiev writes about the life-giving beginning of the connection between man and nature. The relationship between man and nature, according to Astafiev, should be based on the principles of harmony. Attempts to "conquer" nature can lead to the death of everything. The fisherman Utrobin, having caught a huge fish on a hook, is unable to cope with it. To avoid death, he is forced to let her go free. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature makes this poacher reconsider his ideas about life.
Thesis: "The surrounding nature can change a person, make him happy." V. Shukshin "The Old Man, the Sun and the Girl" In Vasily Makarovich Shukshin's story "The Old Man, the Sun and the Girl" we see an example of the attitude to native nature. The old man, the hero of the story, comes to the same place every evening and watches the sun go down. To the artist girl who is next to him, he comments every minute on the changing colors of the sunset. How unexpected it will be for us, the readers, and for the heroine, the discovery that the grandfather, it turns out, is blind! For over 10 years! How one must love one's native land in order to remember its beauty for decades!
Y. Yakovlev "Awakened by nightingales". The mischievous, restless Selyuzhonok was once awakened by nightingales in a pioneer camp. Angry, with a stone in his hand, he decides to deal with the birds, but freezes, spellbound by the singing of the nightingale. Something moved in the boy's soul, he wanted to see, and then portray the forest wizard. And even though the bird molded by him from plasticine does not even remotely resemble a nightingale, Selyuzhonok experienced the life-giving power of art. When the nightingale woke him again, he lifted all the children from their beds so that they too could hear the magic trills. The author argues that the comprehension of beauty in nature leads to the comprehension of beauty in art.
V. Shukshin "Strait" Sanya Neverov, the hero of the story "Strait" by V. M. Shukshin, in his words, "lived wrong all his life." But when he fell ill and death knocked on his door, he suddenly passionately wanted to live. To live in order to contemplate the beauty of nature, which I simply did not notice before. “I saw spring forty times, forty times! And only now I understand: well. Let me look at her, for spring! Let me rejoice!” he says. LN Tolstoy "War and Peace". Episodes "Night in Otradnoye", "Oak". Natasha Rostova, the heroine of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, cannot tear herself away from the contemplation of the beautiful moonlit night. She is so fascinated by the night scenery that she can't even think about sleeping. Andrei Bolkonsky, who also admired the beautiful night picture and accidentally overheard the exclamations of a girl fascinated by the beauty of the night, suddenly comes to the conclusion that “life is not over at thirty-one” ...
F. Abramov "Yes, there is such a medicine" "...Baba Manya got up. She got up, with difficulty reached the house and took to her bed: she developed bilateral pneumonia. Baba Manya did not get up from her bed for more than a month, and the doctors had no doubt that the old woman would die. There is no cure in the world to raise an old man from the dead. Yes, there is such a medicine! Starlings brought him to Baba Mana…”
Thesis: It is necessary to take care of nature. Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince" A very important idea of the fairy tale-parable is artlessly expressed in the words of the protagonist - the Little Prince: "Get up, washed, put yourself in order and immediately put your planet in order." Man is not the king of nature, and if he does not follow its laws, then the eternal world order can be violated, the author believes. Through the lips of another hero of the fairy tale - the Fox - the author reminds us, people: "We are responsible for those we have tamed." B.Sh. Okudzhava "Mouse"
Works-arguments to the thematic block: 1.B.Ekimov "The night passes" 2.V.Shukshin "The old man, the sun and the girl" 3.V.Krupin "Drop the bag" 4.V.Rasputin "Farewell to Mother" 5.B .Shukshin "Strait" 6.V.Astafiev "He who does not grow, dies ..." 7.V.Degtev "Reasonable beings" 8.V.Degtev "Dandelion" 9. Ch.Aitmatov "Scrap" 10. V Astafiev " Vasyutkino Lake" 11. B. Vasilyev "Do not shoot white swans"
Aphorisms…Quotes…. William Shakespeare: Earth, nature's mother, her own grave: what she gave birth to, she buried. Mikhail Prishvin: The woman who gives birth is closest to nature: on one side she is even nature itself, and on the other, man himself. Mikhail Prishvin: For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a dacha, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents have grown. Alexander Herzen: Grandiose things are done by grandiose means. Nature alone does great things for free. Nature has taken care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn.
Leonardo da Vinci: In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should deal with their business, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. Mark Tullius Cicero: The study and observation of nature gave rise to science. Leonardo da Vinci: Nature has taken care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn. Michel Montaigne: There is nothing useless in nature. Jules Renard: God was not bad at nature, but with man he had a misfire. Karl Marx: Man lives by nature.
Nature herself, that beautiful and tireless mistress, takes care to teach all youth what love is. (V.Trediakovsky) Mark Tullius Cicero: *All nature strives for self-preservation. * The main inclination of man is directed to what corresponds to nature * Every day, nature itself reminds us of how few, how small things she needs. * The earth never returns without a surplus what it has received. * And what nature does with man!!!
From communication with nature, you will take out as much light as you want, and as much courage and strength as you need. (F. G. Ranevskaya) As a great artist, nature can achieve great effects with little means. (Z. I. Godfried ) Forests teach a person to understand the beautiful. (G. Heine) Let's not ... be too deceived by our victories over nature. For each such victory, she takes revenge on us. (F.Engels)
Nature gives enough to satisfy natural needs. (Seneca) As a great artist, nature can achieve great effects with little means. (G. Heine) There are many wondrous forces in nature, but no one is stronger than man. (Sophocles) Nature ... awakens in us the need for love ... (I. Turgenev) The great book of nature is open to everyone, and in this great book so far ... only the first pages have been read. (D. Pisarev) In nature, everything is without violence according to Tao , and without persuasion imbued with goodness, every thing in calm joy, not knowing pride, finds harmony. (Huainan Zi)
Even in his most beautiful dreams, man cannot imagine anything more beautiful than nature. (Alphonse de Lamartine) How could nature be so bright and beautiful if the destiny of man was not the same? (Henry Thoreau) Johann Goethe: Nature is the creator of all creators. (I. Goethe) Mark Tullius Cicero: The power of nature is great. After all, we know the opinion of the greatest scientists that different branches of knowledge require study and instruction, while nature itself creates the poetic ability, and the poet creates from his own spirit and at the same time, as it were, is inspired from above. Lucretius: Nature perfects everything. (Lucretius)
The earth, nature's mother, is also her grave: what she gave birth to, she buried. (W. Shakespeare) Mikhail Prishvin: The woman who gives birth is closest to nature: on one side she is even nature itself, and on the other, man himself. For others, nature is firewood, coal, ore, or a dacha, or just a landscape. For me, nature is the environment from which, like flowers, all our human talents have grown. Grandiose things are done by grandiose means. One nature does great things for free. (A. Herzen) In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should be engaged in their business, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. (L. da Vinci)
The study and observation of nature gave birth to science. (M.T. Cicero) Leonardo da Vinci: Nature took care of everything so much that everywhere you find something to learn. (L. da Vinci) There is nothing useless in nature. (Michel Montaigne) God is not bad nature succeeded, but with a man he got a misfire. (Jules Renard)
In nature, everything is wisely thought out and arranged, everyone should do their own thing, and in this wisdom is the highest justice of life. (L. da Vinci) The study and observation of nature gave rise to science. you find something to learn. (L. da Vinci) Nothing is useless in nature.
In the 70s and 80s. of our century, the lyre of poets and prose writers sounded powerfully in defense of the surrounding nature. Writers went to the microphone, wrote articles in newspapers, postponing work on works of art.
They defended our lakes and rivers, forests and fields. It was a reaction to the rapid urbanization of our lives. Villages were ruined, cities grew. As always in our country, all this was done on a grand scale, and chips flew in full. The gloomy results of the harm done to our nature by those hotheads have now been summed up.
Writers - fighters for the environment all
Born near nature, they know and love it. These are such well-known prose writers here and abroad as Viktor Astafiev and Valentin Rasputin.
Astafiev calls the hero of the story "Tsar-Fish" the "master". Indeed, Ignatich knows how to do everything better and faster than anyone. He is distinguished by frugality and accuracy. “Of course, Ignatich fished better than anyone and more than anyone, and this was not disputed by anyone, it was considered legal, and no one envied him, except for the younger brother of the Commander.” The relationship between the brothers was complicated. The commander not only did not hide his dislike for his brother, but even showed it at the first opportunity. Ignatich
Tried not to pay attention to it.
Actually, he treated all the inhabitants of the village with some superiority and even condescension. Of course, the protagonist of the story is far from ideal: he is dominated by greed and a consumerist attitude towards nature. The author brings the main character one on one with nature. For all his sins before her, nature presents Ignatich with a severe test.
It happened like this: Ignatich goes fishing on the Yenisei and, not content with small fish, is waiting for the sturgeon. “And at that moment the fish declared itself, went to the side, the hooks clicked on the iron, blue sparks were carved from the side of the boat. Behind the stern, the heavy body of a fish boiled up, turned, rebelled, scattering water like rags of burnt, black rags. At that moment, Ignatich saw a fish at the very side of the boat. “I saw and was taken aback: something rare, primitive was not only in the size of the fish, but also in the shape of its body - it looked like a prehistoric lizard ...”
The fish immediately seemed ominous to Ignatich. His soul, as it were, split in two: one half prompted to release the fish and thereby save himself, but the other did not want to release such a sturgeon in any way, because the king-fish comes across only once in a lifetime. The passion of the fisherman takes over prudence. Ignatich decides to catch the sturgeon at all costs. But through negligence, he finds himself in the water, on the hook of his own tackle. Ignatich feels that he is drowning, that the fish is pulling him to the bottom, but he cannot do anything to save himself. In the face of death, the fish becomes for him a kind of creature.
The hero, who never believes in God, at this moment turns to him for help. Ignatich recalls what he tried to forget throughout his life: a disgraced girl, whom he doomed to eternal suffering. It turned out that nature, also in a sense a “woman”, took revenge on him for the harm done. Nature took revenge on man cruelly. Ignatich, "not owning his mouth, but still hoping that at least someone would hear him, intermittently and raggedly began to hiss:"
And when the fish releases Ignatich, he feels that his soul is freed from the sin that has weighed on him throughout his life. It turned out that nature fulfilled the divine task: it called the sinner to repentance and for this she absolved him of sin. The author leaves hope for a life without sin not only to his hero, but to all of us, because no one on earth is immune from conflicts with nature, and therefore with his own soul.
In his own way, the writer Valentin Rasputin reveals the same theme in the story "Fire". The heroes of the story are engaged in logging. They "as if wandered from place to place, stopped to wait out the bad weather, and got stuck." The epigraph of the story: "The village is on fire, the native is on fire" - sets the reader in advance for the events of the story.
Rasputin revealed the soul of each hero of his work through a fire: “In everything how people behaved - how they ran around the yard, how they lined up chains to pass packages and bundles from hand to hand, how they teased the fire, risking themselves to the last, - in all this was something unreal, foolish, done in excitement and disorderly passion. In the confusion at the fire, people were divided into two camps: those who do good and those who do evil.
The protagonist of the story, Ivan Petrovich Egorov, is a legal citizen, as the Arkharovites call him. The author christened careless, hard-working people Arkharovtsy. During a fire, these Arkharovtsy behave in accordance with their usual everyday behavior: “Everyone is dragging! Klavka Strigunova stuffed her full pockets with small boxes. And in them, go, not irons, in them, go, something like that! ...
In the shin they push, in the bosom! And these bottles, bottles!” It is unbearable for Ivan Petrovich to feel his helplessness in front of these people. But disorder reigns not only around, but also in his soul. The hero realizes that “a person has four props in life: a house with a family, work, people and the land on which your house stands. Some one limps - the whole world is tilted. In this case, the earth "limped". After all, the inhabitants of the village had no roots anywhere, they “wandered”. And the earth silently suffered from this. But the moment of punishment has come.
In this case, the role of retribution was played by fire, which is also a force of nature, a force of destruction. It seems to me that it was no coincidence that the author ended the story almost according to Gogol: “What are you, our silent land, how long are you silent? And are you silent? Perhaps these words will serve our country in good stead even now.
M. M. Prishvin is one of those happy writers who can be discovered at any age: in childhood, in youth, as a mature person, in old age. And this discovery, if it takes place, will truly be a miracle. Of particular interest is the deeply personal, philosophical poem "Phacelia", the first part of the "Forest Chapel". There are many secrets in life. And the biggest secret, in my opinion, is your own soul. What depths lie hidden in it! Where does the mysterious longing for the unattainable come from? How to satisfy her? Why is the possibility of happiness sometimes frightening, frightening, and suffering almost voluntarily accepted? This writer helped me discover myself, my inner world and, of course, the world around me.
"Phacelia" is a lyric-philosophical poem, a song about the "inner star" and about the "evening" star in the writer's life. In each miniature, true poetic beauty shines, determined by the depth of thought. The composition allows us to trace the growth of common joy. A complex range of human experiences, from melancholy and loneliness to creativity and happiness. A person reveals his thoughts, feelings, thoughts in no other way than
How closely in contact with nature, which appears independently, as an active principle, life itself. The key thoughts of the poem are expressed in the titles and in the epigraphs and phorisms of its three chapters. "Desert": "In the desert, thoughts can only be their own, which is why they are afraid of the desert, that they are afraid to be alone with themselves." Rosstan: “There is a pillar, and three roads go from it: go along one, along the other, along the third - everywhere the trouble is different, but the death is one. Fortunately, I am not going in the direction where the roads diverge, but back from there - for me, the disastrous roads from the pillar do not diverge, but converge. I am happy with the post and return to my home on the right single path, remembering my disasters at the Rostani. “Joy”: “Woe, accumulating more and more in one soul, may one day flare up like hay and burn everything with the fire of extraordinary joy.”
Before us are the steps of the fate of the writer himself and of any creatively minded person who is able to fulfill himself, his life. And in the beginning there was a desert... loneliness... The pain of loss is still very strong. But the approach of unprecedented joy is already felt. Two colors, blue and gold, the color of heaven and sun, begin to shine for us from the first lines of the poem.
The connection between man and nature in Prishvin is not only physical, but also more subtle, spiritual. In nature, what happens to him is revealed to him, and he calms down. “At night, some kind of obscure thought was in my soul, I went out into the air ... And then I found out in the river my thought about myself, that I, too, am not guilty, like the river, if I can’t call to the whole world, closed from him with dark veils of my longing for the lost Phacelia. The deep, philosophical content of miniatures determines their original form. Many of them, saturated with metaphors and aphorisms that help to thicken thoughts to the utmost, resemble a parable. The style is concise, even strict, without any hint of sensitivity, embellishment. Each phrase is unusually capacious, informative. “Yesterday, in the open sky, this river echoed with the stars, with the whole world. Today the sky was closed, and the river lay under the clouds, as if under a blanket, and the pain did not echo with the world, no! In just two sentences, two different pictures of a winter night are visibly presented, and in context, two different mental states of a person. The word carries a rich semantic load. So, by repetition, the impression is strengthened by association: “... all the same, it remained a river and shone in the darkness and fled”; "... fish ... splashed much stronger and louder than yesterday, when the stars shone and it was very cold." In the final two miniatures of the first chapter, the motif of the abyss appears - as a punishment for omissions in the past and as a test that must be overcome.
But the chapter ends with a life-affirming chord: "... and then it may happen that a person will conquer even death with the last passionate desire of life." Yes, a person can overcome even death, and, of course, a person can and must overcome his personal grief. All components in the poem are subject to the internal rhythm - the movement of the writer's thought. And often the thought is honed to aphorisms: "Sometimes a strong person from spiritual pain is born poetry, like resin in trees."
The second chapter, Rosstan, is devoted to revealing this hidden creative force. There are a lot of aphorisms here. “Creative happiness could become the religion of mankind”; “Uncreative happiness is the contentment of a person who lives behind three castles”; "Where there is love, there is the soul"; “The quieter you are, the more you notice the movement of life.” The connection with nature is getting closer. The writer seeks and finds in it "the beautiful sides of the human soul." Does Prishvin humanize nature? There is no consensus in the literature on this matter. Some researchers find anthropomorphism in the writer's works. Others hold the opposite view. In man, the best aspects of the life of nature continue, and he can rightfully become its king, but a very clear philosophical formula about the deep connection between man and nature and about the special purpose of man:
“I stand and grow - I am a plant.
I stand and grow and walk - I am an animal.
I stand, and grow, and walk, and think - I am a man.
I stand and feel: the earth is under my feet, the whole earth. Leaning on the ground, I rise: and above me is the sky - all my sky. And the Beethoven symphony begins, and its theme: the whole sky is mine. Detailed comparisons and parallelisms play an important role in the writer's artistic system. The miniature "Old Linden", which concludes the second chapter, reveals the main feature of this tree - selfless service to people. The third chapter is called "Joy". And the joy is really generously scattered already in the very names of the miniatures: “Victory”, “Smile of the Earth”, “Sun in the Forest”, “Birds”, “Aeolian Harp”, “First Flower”, “Evening of the Blessing of the Kidneys”, “Water and Love ”, “Daisy”, “Love”, Parable-consolation, parable-joy opens this chapter: “My friend, neither in the north nor in the south there is no place for you if you yourself are struck ... But if victory, and after all, any victory - it is over yourself - if even the wild swamps alone were witnesses to your victory, then they will flourish with extraordinary beauty, and spring will remain with you forever, one spring, glory to victory.
The world around appears not only in all the splendor of colors, but voiced and fragrant. The range of sounds is unusually wide: from the gentle, barely perceptible ringing of icicles, the aeolian harp, to the powerful beats of the stream in the steep. And the writer can convey all the various smells of spring in one or two phrases: “Take one kidney, rub it between your fingers, and then for a long time everything smells like fragrant resin of birch, poplar or a special recollective smell of bird cherry ...”.
The integral structural elements in Prishvin's landscape sketches are artistic time and space. For example, in the miniature “The Evening of the Blessing of the Kidneys”, the onset of darkness and the change of scenery of the evening summer are conveyed very clearly, visibly, with the help of words - color designations: “it began to get dark ... the buds began to disappear, but the drops shone on them ... ". The perspective is clearly outlined, space is felt: “The drops shone ... only drops and the sky: the drops took their light from the sky and shone for us in the dark forest.” Man, if he has not violated the agreement with the outside world, is inseparable from it. The same tension of all vital forces, as in a blossoming forest, is in his soul. The metaphorical use of the image of a blossoming bud makes this felt in its entirety: “It seemed to me that I was all gathered into one resinous bud and I want to open up towards the only unknown friend, so beautiful that, just waiting for him, all the obstacles to my movement crumble into insignificant dust.”
In philosophical terms, the miniature "Forest Stream" is very important. In the world of nature, Mikhail Mikhailovich was especially interested in the life of water, in it he saw analogues with human life, with the life of the heart. “Nothing is hidden like water, and only a person’s heart sometimes hides in the depths and from there it suddenly shines like a dawn on a large calm water. The heart of a person hides, and therefore the light, ”we read the entry in the diary. Or here's another: “Do you remember, my friend, the rain? Each drop fell separately, and there were innumerable millions of drops. While these drops were carried in a cloud and then fell, it was our human life in drops. And then all the drops merge, the water is collected in streams and rivers into the ocean, and evaporating again, the water of the ocean gives rise to drops, and the drops again fall, merging. Recorded October 21, 1943 in Moscow.
"Forest Brook" is truly a symphony of a running stream, it is also a reflection of human life, eternity. The stream is the “soul of the forest”, where “herbs are born to the music”, where “resinous buds open to the sounds of the stream”, “and tense shadows of the jets run along the trunks”. And a person thinks: sooner or later, he too, like a stream, falls into a big water and will be the first there as well. Water gives life to all. Here, just as in the "Pantry of the Sun", there is a motif of two different paths. The water parted and, running around a large circle, joyfully converged again. There are no different roads for people who have a warm and honest heart. These roads lead to love. The soul of the writer embraces everything living and healthy that is on earth, and is filled with the highest joy: “... my desired minute came and stopped, and the last person from the earth I first entered the blooming world. My stream has come to the ocean."
And in the sky the evening star is lit. A woman comes to the artist, and he tells her, and not his dream, about love. Mikhail Mikhailovich attached special importance to love for a woman. “Only through love can one find oneself as a person, and only through a person can one enter the world of human love.”
We are now very far from nature, especially city dwellers. For many, the interest in it is purely consumer. And if all people treated nature in the same way as M. M. Prishvin, then life would be more meaningful and richer. And nature would be preserved. The poem "Phacelia" shows a person the way out of life's impasse, out of a state of despair. And it can help not only to stand on solid ground, but to find joy. This is a work for every person, although Mikhail Mikhailovich said that he does not write for everyone, but for his reader. Prishvin just needs to learn to read and understand.
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The deceptive lightness of this topic can lead the student to empty discussions about the beauty and eternity of nature. It is necessary to understand that already in the "village" prose - the 60-70s of the XX century - one of the reasons for worrying about the village is the ecological crisis, the destruction of the close, traditional for the nation, ties between man and nature. That is why in the works of V. Belov, V. Astafiev, S. Zalygin, V. Rasputin there is a discussion that the degradation of modern man, the decline of his morality and leads to a violation of natural law, introduces
ecological crisis. The authors of the manual “Preparing for the exam in literature” (SPSU, 1996) A. O. Bolshev and O. V. Vasilyeva indicate that the works of these authors are permeated with the thought: “Man, being an integral part of nature, must live according to natural law” (C Zalygin), that is, the question is raised not only “about nature outside of us”, but also “about nature inside us”, about the nature of man himself.
Modern life, progress alienate a person from the natural world, form in him the psychology of a temporary worker, ruthlessly exploiting nature, which he feels is just an environment, not a “temple, but a workshop”,
Acting much tougher than Bazarov.
It is more productive for a graduate to focus on one work. These can be narratives in the stories “Tsar-Fish” (1976) by V. Astafiev or V. Rasputin’s story “Farewell to Matera” (1976) or “Fire” (1985).
In Astafiev's work, which is characterized by open publicism, the center is environmental issues.
V. Astafiev draws a whole chain of pictures of poaching abuse of nature. He has poachers and government officials who ruthlessly destroy the great Yenisei in the name of victorious statistics. The researchers note that the writer manages not to fall into social romanticism, he understands that the past cannot be returned, even though each story ends with the obligatory punishment of the poacher.
“Lyrical Meditations” (N. L. Leiderman) by the author about the fragility and quivering of life make up the emotional, charming part of the story.
He compares modern life with winter, when people are only warmed by the dream of summer, warmth and sun. Hope warms, but whether the long-awaited harmony will come - the author does not give an answer to this question.
If the student turns to Rasputin's story "Fire", then here he will have to point out the publicism of the work, which indicates that the appeal to the topic of environmental and moral catastrophe does not give the author himself final answers. The questions remain unresolved. Will the new generation of writers, the next generation of Russian citizens, be able to offer their solution?
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- The gradual extinction of classicism and the emergence and development of romanticism led to a new approach to solving problems that occupy Russian writers. Canons are changing...
In the summer, there are a sea of flowers in the flowerbeds of the park ... In autumn, wild rose, hawthorn, barberry burn with ripe berries, spruces and pines turn green. Poplars grow along the roads. Many houses are surrounded by tall arborvitae, silver fir trees and shrubs. How I would like this beauty of nature to be eternal ... I have just read the story "And Thunder Crashed." I read it and thought deeply ... The heroes of this story from the present filled with prosperity in a time machine make a journey into the distant past. One of the mandatory conditions for such a movement is the categorical requirement not to touch anything, not to try to change anything, not to touch anything. One of the characters commits a seemingly insignificant sin: he steps on a butterfly, and it dies. It seems that nothing changes in the world around us, and life goes on. But after returning home, to the starting point of time, the travelers find their world completely different, unlike the one that was - "and thunder struck."
Fantastic? Good literary allegory? No and no again. Everything in our complex world is interconnected, nature is fragile and vulnerable, and the consequences of a rude, thoughtless attitude towards the animal and plant world can be catastrophic. But we have only one planet. One for all earthlings. And there won't be another. That's why you can't stomp on butterflies. The ecological situation is deteriorating, which poses a threat to all living things. Every year, our planet celebrates two special calendar days: Earth Day and Environment Day. People on this day talk about the problems of ecology (“Less environmental, more and more environment”). The ecological present and future of all peoples is common. A broken, fragile tree, trampled flowers, a dead frog, scattered garbage, oil pipeline breaks, gas leaks, industrial emissions, bad water we drink, bad air we breathe - all these are just supposed little things. Over the past thirty to forty years, many species of animals and plants have disappeared on the planet of people. Acid rains destroy the soil, tropical forests - the "lungs" of the planet - are cut down at a rate of 20 hectares per minute, water bodies are polluted, the protective ozone layer is destroyed; diseases caused by environmental problems claim hundreds of thousands of lives every year... Every state, every inhabitant of the planet Earth is responsible to all mankind for preserving nature for present and future generations.
The world is mysterious and mysterious ... For example, Chuck the turtle lives in our apartment. She is already four years old. We bought it in Donetsk at the market. She has a hard shell, the dorsal side of which is formed by ribs that have grown in width, and the ventral side fuses with the chest, reliably protecting the soft parts of the animal's body. When touched, she hides her head, paws and tail under the shield.
The outer parts of the turtle's paws and its head are reliably protected by horn shields. When she walks, you can hear the sound of her shell on the edge of the table. Her movements are heavy. Our tortoise doesn't swim, I read in Living Animals in School that bog turtles swim in the water using all four legs.
Cool turtles swim in the water using all four legs. In case of danger, the turtle draws its head, hind limbs and tail into the depths of the shell. She eagerly feeds on dandelion leaves, cabbage and the Bride flower. Light turtles are large. We love our miracle turtle very much. Now she sleeps in a box under the chiffonier. Currently, there are about two hundred species of turtles, most of which are found in tropical countries. Giant tortoises live on the islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, weighing up to three hundred kilograms. The swamp turtle lives in swamps and lakes, feeding on various aquatic animals. In school wildlife corners, students feed the turtles juicy grass, chopped cabbage, carrots, beets, watermelon and melon pulp. How many turtles are left on earth? I want to tell everyone: “Love turtles the way I do, they are an adornment of the earth, like diamonds,” according to the animal painter A. N. Komarov, who painted the painting “Flood”.
Let's recall the lines from the famous story by Antoine de Saint-Exupery: "Where do you advise me to go?" the Little Prince asked the geographer. “Visit planet Earth,” the geographer replied. She has a good reputation. Earth is the planet of animals and plants no less than the planet of people. And I want to warn: “People! Take care of all life on Earth!
