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Federal government educational requirements. Purpose and functions of state educational standards of the new generation

Federal government educational requirements. Purpose and functions of state educational standards of the new generation

30.09.2019

Federal State Educational Standards (FSES)- a set of requirements that are mandatory for the implementation of basic educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary (full

d) general, primary vocational, secondary vocational and higher vocational education by educational institutions with state accreditation. The name "State Educational Standards" was applied to educational standards adopted before 2009. Until 2000, before the adoption of state standards for eachth stagegeneral education And specialties (directions of training) , within the framework of the general state educational standard, state requirements were applied to the minimum content of the level of graduate training for each level of education and specialty.

Federal state educational standards provide:

the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;
continuity primary general , main general , average (full) general , primary vocational , secondary vocational And higher professional education .
spiritual and moral development and education

Federal state educational standards set the deadlines for obtaininggeneral education And vocational education taking into account various forms of education,educational technologies and features of certain categories of students.

The standard is the basis for:

development of exemplarybasic educational programs ;
development of programs of educational subjects, courses, educational literature, control and measuring materials;
organization of the educational process in educational institutions implementing the main educational program in accordance with the standard, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and subordination;
development of financial support standards for educational activities of educational institutions implementing the main educational program, formation of a state (municipal) task for an educational institution;
exercising control and supervision over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education;
conducting state (final) and intermediate certification of students;
building a system of internal monitoring of the quality of education in an educational institution;
organizing the work of methodological services;
certification of teaching staff and administrative and managerial personnel of state and municipal educational institutions;
organization of training, professional retraining and advanced training of educators.

Each standard, according to Federal Law No. 309-FZ of December 1, 2007, includes 3 types of requirements:

requirements for the structure of the main educational programs, including the requirements for the ratio of parts of the main educational program and their volume, as well as the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process;
requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;
requirements for the results of mastering the main educational programs.

For implementation of each GEF, an educational institution must developbasic educational program (BEP), which includes the curriculum, calendar curriculum, work programs of subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials.

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Types of GEF lessons

Types of lessons: lessons of "discovery" of new knowledge; reflection lessons; lessons of a general methodological orientation; developmental control lessons.

New wording Old wording Lessons of "discovering new knowledge" Lesson of knowledge formation Lessons of reflection Lesson of improving knowledge Lesson of consolidating and improving knowledge Lessons of methodological orientation Lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge Lessons of developing control Lesson of control of knowledge, skills Lesson of correction of knowledge, skills, skills

Lessons of the "discovery" of new knowledge: Activity goal: the formation of students' skills to implement new ways of action. Content goal: expanding the conceptual base by including new elements in it.

The structure of the lesson: the stage of motivation (self-determination) for learning activities; stage of actualization and trial educational action; the stage of identifying the place and cause of the difficulty; the stage of building a project to get out of difficulty; stage of implementation of the constructed project; the stage of primary consolidation with pronunciation in external speech; the stage of independent work with self-checking according to the standard; the stage of inclusion in the system of knowledge and repetition; the stage of reflection of educational activity in the lesson.

Reflection lessons: Activity goal: the formation of students' abilities for reflection of the correctional-control type and the implementation of the correctional norm (fixing their own difficulties in activity, identifying their causes, building and implementing a project to overcome difficulties, etc.). Substantive goal: consolidation and, if necessary, correction of the studied methods of action - concepts, algorithms, etc.

The structure of the lesson: the stage of motivation (self-determination) for correctional activities; stage of actualization and trial educational action; stage of localization of individual difficulties; the stage of building a project for correcting the identified difficulties; stage of implementation of the constructed project; stage of generalization of difficulties in external speech; the stage of independent work with self-checking according to the standard; the stage of inclusion in the system of knowledge and repetition; the stage of reflection of educational activity in the lesson.

A distinctive feature of the lesson of reflection from the lesson of the "discovery" of new knowledge is the fixation and overcoming of difficulties in one's own learning activities, and not in the learning content.

Lessons of a general methodological orientation: Activity goal: the formation of students' activity abilities and abilities to structure and systematize the studied subject content. Substantive goal: building generalized activity norms and identifying the theoretical foundations for the development of content-methodological lines of courses. The formation of students' ideas about the methods that link the concepts being studied into a single system; about the methods of organizing the educational activity itself, aimed at self-change and self-development. So, in these lessons, students understand and build the norms and methods of educational activities, self-control and self-assessment, reflective self-organization.

Lesson structure: These lessons are over-subject and are conducted outside the scope of any subject at class hours, extra-curricular activities or other specially designated lessons in accordance with the structure of the technology of the activity method.

Lesson of developing control: Activity goal: the formation of students' abilities to implement the control function. Content goal: control and self-control of the studied concepts and algorithms.

The structure of the lesson: students write a version of the test; comparison with an objectively justified standard for the performance of this work; students' evaluation of the comparison result in accordance with previously established criteria.

It should be emphasized that the division of the educational process into lessons of different types in accordance with the leading goals should not destroy its continuity, which means that it is necessary to ensure the invariance of the teaching technology. Therefore, when organizing lessons of various types, the activity method of teaching should be preserved and an appropriate system of didactic principles should be provided.

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Approximate structure of each type of GEF lesson

1. The structure of the lesson of mastering new knowledge:

1) Organizational stage.

3) Actualization of knowledge.

6) Primary fastening.

7) Information about homework, briefing on its implementation

8) Reflection (summing up the lesson)

2 The structure of the lesson for the integrated application of knowledge and skills (lesson of consolidation) .

1) Organizational stage.

2) Checking homework, reproduction and correction of students' basic knowledge. Knowledge update.

4) Primary fastening

in a familiar situation (typical)

in a changed situation (constructive)

5) Creative application and acquisition of knowledge in a new situation (problem tasks)

6) Information about homework, instructions for its implementation

3. The structure of the lesson for updating knowledge and skills (repetition lesson)

1) Organizational stage.

2) Checking homework, reproduction and correction of knowledge, skills and abilities of students necessary for the creative solution of the tasks.

3) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.

4) Actualization of knowledge.

in order to prepare for the control lesson

in order to prepare for the study of a new topic

6) Generalization and systematization of knowledge

4. The structure of the lesson of systematization and generalization of knowledge and skills

1) Organizational stage.

2) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.

3) Actualization of knowledge.

4) Generalization and systematization of knowledge

Preparing students for generalized activities

Reproduction at a new level (reformulated questions).

5) Application of knowledge and skills in a new situation

6) Control of assimilation, discussion of the mistakes made and their correction.

7) Reflection (summing up the lesson)

Analysis and content of the results of the work, the formation of conclusions on the studied material

5. The structure of the lesson for the control of knowledge and skills

1) Organizational stage.

2) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.

3) Identification of knowledge, skills and abilities, checking the level of formation of students' general educational skills. (Tasks in terms of volume or degree of difficulty should correspond to the program and be feasible for each student).

Lessons of control can be lessons of written control, lessons of a combination of oral and written control. Depending on the type of control, its final structure is formed.

4) Reflection (summarizing the lesson)

6. The structure of the lesson for the correction of knowledge, skills and abilities.

1) Organizational stage.

2) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.

3) Results of diagnostics (control) of knowledge, skills and abilities. Identification of typical mistakes and gaps in knowledge and skills, ways to eliminate them and improve knowledge and skills.

Depending on the diagnostic results, the teacher plans collective, group and individual ways of teaching.

4) Information about homework, briefing on its implementation

5) Reflection (summing up the lesson)

7. The structure of the combined lesson.

1) Organizational stage.

2) Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson. Motivation of educational activity of students.

3) Actualization of knowledge.

4) Primary assimilation of new knowledge.

5) Initial check of understanding

6) Primary fastening

7) Control of assimilation, discussion of the mistakes made and their correction.

8) Information about homework, instructions for its implementation

9) Reflection (summing up the lesson)

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of the main educational programs;

3) the variability of the content of educational programs of the corresponding level of education, the possibility of forming educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and relevant focus, regardless of the form of education and the form of education.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in educational relations) and their scope;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of certain categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards of general education are developed according to the levels of education, federal state educational standards of vocational education can also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

5.1. Federal state educational standards for preschool, primary general and basic general education provide an opportunity to receive education in native languages from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, to study the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation, native languages from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, including Russian as a native language .

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in federal state educational standards.

7. The formation of the requirements of the federal state educational standards of vocational education to the results of mastering the main educational programs of vocational education in terms of professional competence is carried out on the basis of the relevant professional standards (if any).

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body that exercises the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education may establish the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists to professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and making changes to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "federal university" or "national research university", as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, have the right to develop and approve self-educational standards for all levels of higher education. The requirements for the conditions of implementation and the results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

Deciphering the Federal State Educational Standard is the topic of today's material. What it is? How is this abbreviation deciphered? This is the federal state educational standard. This document is the basis for programs of general importance, as well as for the development of the content of the educational process for each of the subjects.

New GEF requirements

This act was created on the basis of the latest law on education, which was adopted in 2012. Until the end of the 2000s, such a standard was called GOS. Unlike the old editions that regulate the learning process, the Federal State Educational Standards of Russia spell out not only the requirements for the transfer of knowledge, but also the norms according to which education should be carried out.

Thus, we can emphasize the fact that the component that was present in the Soviet school, but was reduced to a minimum in the years of perestroika, has returned to domestic education.

This innovation is due to the need to transfer the necessary life attitudes to the younger generation. They, in turn, are necessary for the successful existence of a person in modern economic and political conditions.

Varieties of requirements

The new educational standard establishes the rules for the learning process of three varieties:

The content of programs in certain disciplines.
Standards for the conditions for the implementation of pedagogical and educational activities.
Regulation of educational work within the framework of the educational process.

Scope of the standard

The implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard takes place in all educational institutions that have accreditation. Commercial universities can work according to their own programs, guided by the needs of a particular group of the population, and not relying on the recommendations that the standard puts forward. However, such universities do not have the right to issue state diplomas to graduates.

The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard are guided by the creators of educational literature, compilers of general programs, members of commissions that control the activities of educational institutions. On the basis of it, there are also medical workers who regularly examine children and check establishments for compliance with certain standards, and so on.

Taking into account this regulatory document, various methodological recommendations are drawn up for teachers preparing for classes in the Federal State Educational Standard.

Modern lesson

When conducting the educational process according to the Federal State Educational Standard at school, special attention is paid to the main form at the moment in which the transfer of knowledge is carried out - the lesson. This set of prescriptions clearly indicates the duration of the academic hour for each of the levels, varieties, as well as the requirements for the educational process that should be carried out within its framework.

The modern lesson is a key concept in the new federal state educational standard. The main differences of this form from those that existed before are that now knowledge should be presented to students not in the form of ready-made sets of theoretical and practical information blocks. Instead, children should be offered certain types of activities, in the course of which the student will learn new topics in the subject.

Also, the modern lesson assumes that training and education will take place not with the aim of transferring to him a certain set of knowledge, skills and abilities in finished form, but to develop the personal qualities that are present in him, as well as to form others necessary for successful self-realization.

Thus, in the educational process, an activity approach is carried out, as well as an individual-personal one.

At the lesson conducted according to the Federal State Educational Standard at school, there should be not only communication between students and the teacher, but also collective forms of activity. Children can master the skills of conducting a conversation, a scientific dispute and assess their activity within the lesson, analyze the answers of classmates. The new educational standard adheres to the previously approved provisions that were spelled out in previous documents regulating the pedagogical process. Namely, in planning lessons according to the Federal State Educational Standard, it should be taken into account that in modern conditions it is necessary to educate a child on the principle of interaction with a teacher, in which each of the participants in this process is a full-fledged subject.

concrete result

Deciphering the Federal State Educational Standard in the preparation of curricula requires that they contain a description of the specific results that a child who has completed a certain course should come to. These goals are presented not as a set of abstract phrases, as it was before, but as a list of skills to perform certain actions.

Interdisciplinary tasks

The federal state educational standard prescribes not only the skills that a student should receive within the framework of a program in a particular subject, but also information about the universal information and methods of activity that he can use when studying other disciplines, as well as in his life after graduation. Thus, the implementation of a competent approach, approved in the law "On Education" of the latest edition, the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in the conditions of modern life with its rapidly flowing scientific and technological progress and often changing economic realities is being carried out.

At the moment, it is important not just to give information on a particular topic, but to teach a person to carry out self-education throughout his life.

Relationship of lessons

When implementing the above principle in the Russian language lessons according to the Federal State Educational Standard, students are invited to write an essay in the form of a letter, and it is also told about what features this text should have. This may find its continuation in the history lesson, when children are asked to study the messages of one politician of a particular era to another, and so on. In a similar way, the mutual succession of different disciplines can be carried out.

Junior level of education

The GEF on primary school contains, among others, the following important provisions:

The lesson in the first year of study should last no more than 35 minutes, and in the subsequent time it reaches the standard 45. Also in the first grade, additional vacations are added - in March.
The Federal State Educational Standard of primary school also spelled out the requirement for the presence in the curriculum of classes on mastering computer skills. Today's children should start typing on the keyboard at the same time they learn to write. This provision of the standard caused both numerous indignations on the part of parents and approval. Usually, classes in elementary school using computers find positive feedback from those mothers and fathers who themselves are forced to face daily the need to work with electronic technologies in their professional activities.
Among other main concepts of the standard, one should single out such as "educational environment". This term includes, among other things, the technical equipment of educational institutions. According to the requirements presented in this document, the school must be equipped with a separate interactive classroom, and each classroom must have one computer. This technique is used not only to perform tests and receive information electronically, but also to maintain communication between the school and parents. Such interaction is carried out with the help of a resource called dnevnik.ru. It contains information about the progress of each student.

Interaction between parents and teachers

The Federal State Educational Standard (the abbreviation is presented in this material) contains the idea that education in a modern school is in the nature of a tripartite interaction. In addition to the child and the teacher, parents must also be involved in this process.

Therefore, the standard prescribes forms of activity that contribute to the creation of the necessary atmosphere of cooperation between the school and the family. Along with traditional parent-teacher meetings, which can be classroom and school-wide, moms and dads are invited to individual interviews with teachers, as well as to various events, both entertaining and informational.

With a certain regularity, lectures should be held for parents who want to increase their level of knowledge about the problems of raising and educating children in modern society. The topics of such classes can be various issues, including "FSES, deciphering the concept and its content."

Joint recreational creative activities

Parents have the right to receive the necessary information about issues of upbringing, both general and relating to a particular child, in a personal conversation with the teacher. Such meetings are possible both within the walls of the school and at home.

Teachers need to conduct various games, in which moms and dads should also be involved. It can be both competitions involving the participation of both sexes and games where only girls with mothers or boys with fathers are participants. For example, the relay race "Come on guys!" is widespread, where guys and their dads compete in skills and abilities traditional for men, such as hammering nails, strength exercises, and so on.

Experienced teachers recommend in every possible way to promote the interest of parents in carrying out landscaping work. For example, they may be involved in the construction of various structures for the school stadium, and so on.

In addition to information about the education and upbringing of children, parents can receive the necessary information regarding life safety, as well as advice from a lawyer who is able to provide all the necessary information regarding the rights and obligations of the child, in accordance with applicable law.

Information resources for educators

Where can I get acquainted with the Federal State Educational Standard (the decoding of the abbreviation is familiar to every teacher of the Russian Federation)? This normative document, as well as the latest version of the legislation on this topic and other texts, can be read on the website of the Ministry of Education. Also, many other pedagogical electronic resources and regularly published magazines for teachers, such as Teacher's Newspaper, and so on, are devoted to this problem.

Wide space for creativity

In the new state standard, there is a provision that the teacher's activity must be subordinated to a certain plan, where the parts of the lesson are clearly defined, and strict time frames are allocated for each of them. However, the teacher is also given the right to change the course of the lesson in accordance with various circumstances and the situation that has arisen. Thus, we can say that at present the teacher must not only have extensive knowledge of his subject, as well as a set of interdisciplinary skills and abilities, but also be able to improvise. On the other hand, this standard involves instilling in children the ability to independently find the knowledge necessary for replenishment and choose their own educational route within the framework of the subjects being studied. This means that schoolchildren also get the opportunity to look at the educational process from a creative point of view.

In this article, the most important provisions of the state educational standard were considered. This information may be useful to teachers. In addition, some information will no doubt be of interest to parents of schoolchildren.

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, education standards (or educational standards) have been introduced in our country.

The concept of "standard" comes from the Latin word "standard", meaning "sample", "norm", "measure". Under education standard understood a system of basic parameters accepted as the state norm of education, reflecting the social ideal and taking into account the possibilities of a real person and the education system to achieve this ideal.

Main objects of standardization in education are: its structure, content, volume of teaching load and the level of training of students. The norms and requirements established by the standard are taken as a standard in assessing the quality of the main aspects of education.

What caused the standardization of education?

The need for standardization of education is caused by fundamental changes in the field of education as a social phenomenon. Russia's turn to democracy, to market relations, to the rights and freedoms of the individual required a rethinking of education policy. The sphere of education is now focused primarily on meeting the spiritual needs of the individual, and not on the interests of the state. This, in turn, led to significant changes in the organization of education. Educational institutions have acquired greater independence in the choice of content, forms and methods of education.

The standardization of education is also related to the fact that the transition of schools to new, freer forms of organization of the educational process, a change in the status of many schools, the introduction of new curricula, a freer choice of subjects and volumes of study by schools, the introduction of alternative textbooks, the creation of new teaching technologies, multi-level and differentiated education - all this required care to preserve the basic unity of the educational space, which makes it possible to ensure a single level of education received by students in different types of general educational institutions (lyceums, colleges, general education schools, both state, municipal and non-state, private). The state educational standard is the mechanism that ensures the existence of a single educational space in the country.

The standardization of education is also caused by the desire of Russia to enter the system of world culture, which requires that in the formation of general education, the achievements in this area of international educational practice be taken into account. This provides Russian citizens with the recognition of their education documents abroad.

The idea of standardizing education in Russia is not new. It existed even in Soviet times. Although in the USSR, as a rule, the concept of the state educational standard was not used, its role was actually performed by unified curriculum. They descended into the republics and were the basis of the real curricula of schools. The curricula and plans of those years were characterized by excessive ideologization, they limited the initiative of the teacher, and the students in the possibility of choosing the content of education in accordance with their interests and abilities. Nevertheless, unified curricula seemed to level education throughout the Soviet Union. In fact, the idea of introducing educational standards was tested in practice.

The current state educational standards do not subject the educational process to a rigid pattern, but, on the contrary, open up wide opportunities for pedagogical creativity, for creating variable programs and various learning technologies around the mandatory core of content (which is the standard).

State educational standards are developed on a competitive basis, updated at least once every 10 years, established by federal law, are mandatory for all educational institutions of the country, regardless of subordination, types and forms of ownership.

There are three components in the educational standard: federal, national-regional and school.

Federal component The standard defines those standards, the observance of which ensures the unity of the pedagogical space in Russia, as well as the integration of the individual into the system of world culture. The federal component provides the basic standard of education in various subjects throughout the country.

National-regional component The standard defines those standards that fall within the competence of the regions (for example, in the field of the native language and literature, geography, art, labor training, etc.). Due to the national-regional component, the needs and interests in the field of education of all the peoples of the countries, the national identity of culture are taken into account.

school component the content of education reflects the specifics and orientation of an individual educational institution. Due to the school component, taking into account the federal and national-regional components, each school itself determines the amount of study time allotted for the study of certain subjects, the depth and nature of their study, depending on the type of educational institution.

The federal component of the standard is its unchanged part, which is rarely revised; the national-regional and school components are variable parts that are systematically updated and revised.

In 2001, an experiment was started on the transition to a twelve-year school. In the experimental basic curricula of educational institutions from the first to the twelfth grades introduced student component. Due to the hours of the student component, new forms and methods of organizing the educational process are implemented, providing personal orientation, including the organization of individual and group search and research work, project and active-motor activities of students.

1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of the main educational programs;

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.

(Part 5.1 was introduced by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of August 3, 2018)

(Part 7 as amended by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of May 2, 2015)

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and making changes to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Law of the Russian Federation "On Education"- N 273-FZ - regulates social relations that appear in the field of education due to the realization by the population of the right to education. Provides state guarantees of freedoms and rights of people in the field of education and appropriate conditions for the realization of the right to education. Determines the legal status of the participants in the relationship within the framework of educational activities. Establishes the economic, legal, organizational basis of education in our country, the principles of state policy in the field of education, the rules for the operation of the educational system and the implementation of educational activities.