Years of life to Chukovsky. Jewish roots of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (name at birth - Nikolai Emmanuilovich Korneichukov, March 31, 1882, St. Petersburg - October 28, 1969, Moscow) - children's poet, writer, memoirist, critic, linguist, translator and literary critic.

Chukovsky's parents lived together in St. Petersburg for three years, they had an older daughter, Maria (Marusya). Shortly after the birth of his second child, Nicholas, the father left his illegitimate family and married "a woman of his circle"; Chukovsky's mother, a peasant woman from the Poltava province, was forced to move to Odessa. Korney Chukovsky spent his childhood in Odessa and Nikolaev. For some time, the future writer studied at the Odessa gymnasium. Chukovsky never managed to finish the gymnasium: he was expelled due to his low birth. These events were described in the autobiographical story "Silver Emblem", which sincerely showed the injustice and social inequality of the society in the era of the decline of the Russian Empire, which he had to face in childhood.

Chukovsky wrote his first article in Odessa News in 1901, and in 1903 he was sent as a correspondent from this newspaper to London, where he continued his self-education in the British Museum Library, studied English and was forever carried away by English literature. Before the revolution, Chukovsky published critical articles about modern literature in newspapers and magazines, and also published several critical collections: “From Chekhov to the Present Day”, “Critical Stories”, “A Book about Modern Writers”, “Faces and Masks” and books: “ Leonid Andreev big and small”, “Nat Pinkerton and modern literature”.

In 1916, he wrote his first fairy tale for children, The Crocodile.

Chukovsky was fascinated by the poetry of the American poet Walt Whitman and, starting in 1907, he published several collections of translations of his poems. In 1909 he translated R. Kipling's fairy tales.

After the revolution, the direction of Chukovsky's literary activity began to change. At the turn of the 1920s, together with E. Zamyatin, he headed the Anglo-American department at the Gorky College of World Literature. Translations of English authors have taken a prominent place in his work. He translated Mark Twain ("Tom Sawyer" and "Huckelbury Fin"), Chesterton, O. Henry ("Kings and Cabbage", stories), retold for children "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" by E. Raspe, "Robinson Crusoe" by D. Defoe . Chukovsky acted not only as a translator, but also as a theorist of literary translation (the book High Art, which went through several editions).

Chukovsky is a historian and researcher of the work of N. A. Nekrasov. He owns the books "Stories about Nekrasov" (1930) and "The Mastery of Nekrasov" (1952). He published dozens of articles about Nekrasov, found hundreds of Nekrasov lines banned by censorship. Articles are devoted to the era of Nekrasov - about Vasily Sleptsov, Nikolai Uspensky, Avdotya Panaeva, A. Druzhinin.

In his critical works, Chukovsky always proceeded from reflections on the language of the writer. In the late 1950s, he took part in a discussion about language and wrote the book Living Like Life (1962), in which he spoke as a linguist. Defending the living language from the dominance of bureaucratic turns of speech, he declared "clerkship" the main disease of the modern Russian language. With his light hand, this word entered the Russian language.

A large place in the literary heritage of Chukovsky is occupied by his memoirs about I. Repin, M. Gorky, V. Korolenko and many others. others, collected in his book "Contemporaries" (1962). The memoirs were written on the basis of the diaries that Chukovsky kept throughout his life. "Diary" was published posthumously (1901-1929. - M.: Soviet writer, 1991; 1930-1969. - M.: Modern writer, 1994). The handwritten almanac Chukokkala, which contains autographs, drawings, jokes of writers and artists, was also a great help for memory. Chukokkala was also published posthumously (1979; 2nd ed. 2000).

Chukovsky gained the greatest fame as a children's poet. His fairy tales "Fly-Tsokotuha" (1924), "Cockroach" (1923), "Moydodyr" (1923), "Barmaley" (1925), "Confusion" (1926), "Telephone" (1926) and others are loved many generations of children. Chukovsky summarized his observations on the psyche of small children, on how they master their native language, in his famous book From Two to Five, which went through 21 editions during his lifetime.

Critics noted that at least six Chukovskys can be counted in the literature. This is Chukovsky - critic, translator, children's poet, literary historian, linguist, memoirist. His books have been translated into many foreign languages ​​from Japan to the USA.

Hundreds of articles have been written about Korney Chukovsky in our and foreign press. defended several dissertations abroad and in Russia; books have been published about him.

In 1962, Oxford University awarded Korney Chukovsky the degree of Doctor of Literature Honoris causa, in the same year he was awarded the Lenin Prize.

Probably all from the cradle. The biography of Korney Chukovsky began in St. Petersburg in 1882. His mother, Ekaterina Osipovna, gave birth to a boy from Emmanuil Levenson, in whose family she worked as a servant. The father refused them, and the mother and sons moved to live in Odessa, where the childhood years of the then unknown writer, whose name was then Nikolai, passed.

The biography of Korney Chukovsky is rich and multifaceted. As a child, Nikolai felt flawed from the fact that he did not have a father, like other children, and he suffered greatly from this. In addition, due to his “low” origin, the boy was expelled from the gymnasium and, having a strong desire to learn, he began to educate himself and managed to get a matriculation certificate.

At a very early age, Nikolai began to write poetry, and then articles for newspapers. In 1901, Odessa News published his first article. Thus began the biography of Korney Chukovsky as a writer, and a close, long-term partnership with this newspaper began. Two years later, the boy leaves for St. Petersburg, having a firm goal in front of him - to become a writer.

In St. Petersburg, he continues to cooperate with the Odessa News newspaper, writes articles for it, and then the editors, having assessed the abilities of a talented young man, send him as their correspondent to London. There Nikolai gets the opportunity to study personally and gets acquainted with Herbert Wells and Arthur Conan Doyle.

The biography of Korney Chukovsky is interesting and instructive. Having become a literary critic upon his return to Russia, the writer organizes the satirical magazine "Signal", is not afraid to publish caricatures of the government in it, for which he is arrested. Much in his professional development will give him acquaintance with A. Kuprin, A. Blok and other prominent writers.

Whose real name was Nikolai Korneichukov, after returning from abroad, where he was the head of the children's department, created at the Parus publishing house. From that moment on, his life changes. Chukovsky, who never wrote for children, begins to find in himself an inclination to write. He gets himself a notebook, where he writes down various children's expressions, statements, turns of speech. Until the end of his days, he does not leave this occupation, from which his children's works have become so famous and loved.

So the children's writer Korney Chukovsky was born. A biography for children says that the first fairy tales "The Kingdom of the Dog" and "Chicken" made him a real children's writer and he will remain so until the end of his days. Then comes the fairy tale "Crocodile", which he first, on the way to St. Petersburg, told his son, and then published. The children liked the story very much.

His works are characterized by the brightness of images, unusual characters, clear rhyme, which were remembered by children, exciting their imagination. In addition to his own works, the writer engaged in translations of foreign works. This is how translations of such remarkable writers as Defoe and Kipling, Mark Twain and O. Henry appeared in our country. They were decorated, moreover, were wonderful illustrations that make these books even more attractive to the reader.

In 1923, his famous "Cockroach" and "Moidodyr" saw the light of day, and in 1933 the work of many years - "From two to five" was published. Chukovsky watched children for a long time, studied their psyche, verbal creativity, which was then expressed in this work, which has since been supplemented and reprinted a large number of times.

In the 1960s, Chukovsky began retelling the Bible for children. Several writers pursued this project under his direction, despite the government's anti-religious policies. As a result, in 1968, the "Tower of Babel ..." was published, which was destroyed in full circulation. And only in 1990 the book became available for reading to the general public.

Korney Chukovsky, a popular favorite and an outstanding children's writer, died of hepatitis in October 1969. In his estate in Peredelkino, where Korney spent the last years of his life, a museum of the writer was created.

Biography and episodes of life Korney Chukovsky. When born and died Korney Chukovsky, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. Quotes from a literary critic, writer, publicist, Photo and video.

The years of life of Korney Chukovsky:

born March 19, 1882, died October 28, 1969

Epitaph

Your path was bright, flawless, bright,
He lit up our lives for centuries,
You immortalized your memory
How talented and sincerely created.

Biography

He was expelled from the gymnasium in the fifth grade - because of his low birth. That did not prevent him from learning English and French on his own, becoming a journalist, translator, literary critic and, finally, a great children's writer. The biography of Korney Chukovsky is the life story of an amazing person, incredibly talented, kind and sincere. Such were the books of Chukovsky, which are still loved by children of any age.

Chukovsky was born in Odessa - he was an illegitimate child, he and Chukovsky's sister, Maria, were born by a Poltava peasant woman from the son of a family in which she served as a maid. Soon Chukovsky's father left the family and married a woman of his circle. Since Chukovsky did not have a middle name, when he began to write books, he took a pseudonym for himself, calling himself instead of Nikolai Korneichuk - Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. After the revolution, this name also appeared in the official documents of the author. The future children's writer was very worried about the absence of his father. Perhaps that is why he himself was able to become such a sensitive and loving dad. And thanks to this, he wrote such wonderful and kind works.

But Chukovsky did not begin his literary career as an author of children's fairy tales. He worked as a journalist for a long time, traveled extensively around Europe, translated English poets and writers, wrote many literary works, for example, about Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky. He began to write for children when he was already well known in literary circles. For some time, Chukovsky had to face the condemnation of his works for children, they say, some kind of nonsense and dregs are hidden behind beautiful rhymes, even the derogatory term “Chukovshchina” appeared. For several years, Chukovsky said goodbye to writing for children, having a hard time experiencing such an attitude, as well as his own, personal tragedies - the death of his daughter Murochka and son Boris, the execution of the husband of his second daughter, Lydia.

Real recognition and popular love came to Chukovsky in the last years of his life. At that time he lived in a dacha in Peredelkino, arranging gatherings for the surrounding children and meeting with various celebrities who wished to come and chat with the great writer. Chukovsky's death occurred on October 28, 1969, the cause of Chukovsky's death was viral hepatitis. Literary critic Yulian Oksman, who was present at Chukovsky's funeral, begins his memoirs of that day with the words: "The last person who was still somewhat embarrassed died." Korney Chukovsky was buried at the Peredelkino cemetery, where the grave of Boris Pasternak is also located. At the dacha where the writer lived in recent years, Chukovsky's house-museum now operates.

life line

March 19, 1882. Date of birth of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (real name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneichukov).
1901 The first publications in the newspaper "Odessa News".
May 26, 1903 Marriage with Maria Goldfeld, a trip to London as a correspondent for Odessa News.
1904 Birth of son Nicholas.
1906 Moving to the Finnish town of Kuokkala (now the village of Repino).
1907 Birth of daughter Lydia, publication of translations by Walt Whitman.
1910 Birth of son Boris.
1916 Chukovsky compiling the collection "Christmas Tree", writing "Crocodile".
1920 Birth of daughter Maria (Murochka).
1923 The output of Chukovsky's fairy tales "Moydodyr" and "Cockroach".
1931 Death of Chukovsky's daughter, Maria.
1933 The release of the book about children's verbal creativity "From two to five".
1942 The death of Chukovsky's son, Boris.
1955 Death of Chukovsky's wife.
October 28, 1969 Date of Chukovsky's death.
October 31, 1969 Chukovsky's funeral.

Memorable places

1. House of Chukovsky as a child in Odessa.
2. House of Chukovsky since 1887 in Odessa.
3. House of Chukovsky since 1904 in Odessa.
4. House of Chukovsky in 1905-1906 in St. Petersburg.
5. House of Chukovsky in 1917-1919 in St. Petersburg.
6. Chukovsky's house in Moscow, on which a memorial plaque in memory of Chukovsky is installed today.
7. House-Museum of Chukovsky in Peredelkino.
8. Children's library. K. I. Chukovsky in Kyiv, opened in the country, where the writer rested in 1938-1969.
9. Peredelkinskoe cemetery, where Chukovsky is buried.

Episodes of life

Korney Chukovsky, better known in wide circles as a children's writer, was very worried about such fame. Once he confessed in his hearts that all his work was so obscured by "Moydodyr" and "Fly-Tsokotuha" that one gets the feeling that he did not write anything else at all.

One day Gagarin came to Chukovsky's dacha. The writer extended his hand to the astronaut at the meeting, but he, instead of shaking it, kissed it. By that time, Gagarin had already circled the globe, there was no person in the whole world more famous than our cosmonaut, but Chukovsky still remained for him his favorite children's poet, before whom he bowed.

Chukovsky treated his wife very tenderly. When she was gone, he continued to talk to Maria, telling her all the news. A few months after the death of his wife, Chukovsky wrote to Oksman: “This grief completely crushed me. I don’t write anything (for the first time in my life!), I wander around restless. In his diary, he wrote that he was in a hurry to visit his wife at the grave, as if on a love date. “And one more thing: when a wife dies, with whom she has lived inseparably for half a century, the last years are suddenly forgotten and she appears before you in all the bloom of youth, femininity - a bride, a young mother - gray hair is forgotten, and you see what nonsense - time, what it is powerless nonsense, ”Chukovsky admitted.

Covenant

"A children's writer should be happy."

Documentary film about Korney Chukovsky

condolences

"Korney Ivanovich was the brightest, most worthy representative of the Russian intelligentsia in its greatest, deepest traditions."
Varlam Shalamov, Russian prose writer, poet

“With all his activities, Chukovsky showed that, in contrast to gloomy, self-satisfied, boastful ignorance, culture is always cheerful, open to new experiences, benevolent and modest. Culture is a continuous celebration of enrichment, recognition, the joy of spiritual life. But culture is also memory. Ignorance seeks to forget, culture does not forget, and in this it is akin to conscience.
Yuri Lotman, literary critic, culturologist

Alexandrova Anastasia

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 8 of Volkhov, Leningrad region"

Topic: Life and work of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky

Performed:

Alexandrova Anastasia

student 2 "A" class

Volkhov

Leningrad region2010

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky is a pseudonym, and his real name is Nikolai Vasilievich Korneychukov. He was born in St. Petersburg in 1882 in a poor family. He spent his childhood in Odessa and Nikolaev. In the Odessa gymnasium, he met and became friends with Boris Zhitkov, in the future also a famous children's writer. Chukovsky often went to Zhitkov's house, where he used the rich library collected by Boris's parents.

But the future poet was expelled from the gymnasium due to his "low" origin, since Chukovsky's mother was a laundress, and his father was gone. The mother's earnings were so meager that they were barely enough to somehow make ends meet. I had to take a gymnasium course and learn English on my own. Then the young man passed the exams and received a certificate of maturity.

He early began to write poetry and poems, and in 1901 the first article appeared in the Odessa News newspaper, signed by the pseudonym Korney Chukovsky. In this newspaper, he published many articles on a variety of topics - about exhibitions of paintings, about philosophy, art, wrote reviews of new books, feuilletons. Then Chukovsky began to write a diary, which he then kept all his life.

In 1903, Korney Ivanovich went to St. Petersburg with the firm intention of becoming a writer. There he met many writers and found a job - he became a correspondent for the Odessa News newspaper. In the same year he was sent to London, where he improved his English and met famous writers, including Arthur Conan Doyle and HG Wells.

In 1904 Chukovsky returned to Russia and became a literary critic. He published his articles in St. Petersburg magazines and newspapers.

In 1916, Chukovsky became a war correspondent for the Rech newspaper. Returning to Petrograd in 1917, Chukovsky received an offer from M. Gorky to become the head of the children's department of the Parus publishing house. Then he began to pay attention to the speech and turns of small children and write them down. He kept such records for the rest of his life. From them the famous book "From two to five" was born. The book has been reprinted 21 times and replenished with each new edition.

In fact, Korney Ivanovich was a critic, a literary critic, and he became a storyteller quite by accident. Crocodile came first. The little son of Korney Ivanovich fell ill. His father took him home on a night train, and in order to at least slightly alleviate the boy's suffering, under the clatter of wheels, he began to tell a fairy tale:

"Once upon a time there was a crocodile,

He walked the streets

Smoking cigarettes,

spoke Turkish,

Crocodile, Crocodile, Crocodile...

The boy listened very carefully. The next morning, when he woke up, he asked his father to tell the story of yesterday again. It turned out that the boy memorized it all by heart.

And the second case. Korney Ivanovich heard how his little daughter did not want to wash. He took the girl in his arms and, quite unexpectedly for himself, said to her:

"I must, I must wash

Mornings and evenings.

And unclean chimney sweeps

Shame and disgrace! Shame and disgrace!"

This is how Moidodyr appeared. His poems are easy to read and remember. "Themselves climb from the tongue" as the kids say. Since then, new poems began to appear: “Fly-sokotuha”, “Barmaley”, “Fedorino grief”, “Telephone”, “Aibolit”. And he dedicated the wonderful fairy tale "Wonder Tree" to his little daughter Mure.

In addition to his own fairy tales for children, he retold for them the best works of world literature: D. Dafoe's novels about Robinson Crusoe, Mark Twain's about the adventures of Tom Sawyer. He translated them from English into Russian, and did it superbly.

Not far from Moscow, in the village of Peredelkino, he built a country house, where he settled with his family. There he lived for many years. He was known not only by all the children of the village, but also by the small residents of Moscow, and the entire Soviet country, and beyond its borders.

Korney Ivanovich was tall, with long arms with large hands, large features, a large curious nose, a brushed mustache,

a naughty lock of hair hanging over her forehead, laughing bright eyes and a surprisingly light gait.

In Peredelkino he had a very important job. He built a children's library near his house. Children's writers and publishing houses sent books to this library at the request of Korney Ivanovich. The library is very comfortable and bright. There is a reading room where you can sit at the tables and read, there is a room for kids where you can play on the carpet and draw with a pencil and paints at small folding tables. Every summer, the writer spent for his children and grandchildren, as well as for all the surrounding children, who numbered up to one and a half thousand, cheerful holidays “Hello summer!” and "Goodbye summer!".

In 1969, the writer died. Chukovsky's house in Peredelkino has long been a museum.

Bibliography:

1. I know the world: Russian literature. - M: Publishing house ACT LLC: LLC
Astrel Publishing House, 2004.

2. Chukovsky K.I.

The Miracle Tree and Other Tales. - M.: Children's literature, 1975.

3. Who is who in the world?: Encyclopedia.

Nikolai Korneichukov was born on March 19 (31), 1882 in St. Petersburg. The frequently occurring date of his birth, April 1, appeared due to an error in the transition to a new style (13 days were added, and not 12, as it should be for the 19th century).

The writer suffered for many years from being “illegitimate”: his father was Emmanuil Solomonovich Levenson, in whose family the mother of Korney Chukovsky, Poltava peasant woman Ekaterina Osipovna Korneichukova, from a family of enslaved Ukrainian Cossacks, lived as a servant.

Chukovsky's parents lived together in St. Petersburg for three years, they had an older daughter, Maria (Marusya). Shortly after the birth of their second child, Nicholas, the father left his illegitimate family and married "a woman of his circle", and the mother moved to Odessa. There the boy was sent to the gymnasium, but in the fifth grade he was expelled due to low birth. He described these events in the autobiographical story "Silver Emblem", where he sincerely showed the injustice and social inequality of the society in the era of the decline of the Russian Empire, which he had to face in childhood.

According to the metric, Nicholas and his sister Maria, as illegitimate, did not have a patronymic; in other documents of the pre-revolutionary period, his patronymic was indicated in different ways - “Vasilyevich” (in the marriage certificate and baptismal certificate of his son Nikolai, subsequently fixed in most later biographies as part of the “real name”; given by the godfather), “Stepanovich”, “Emmanuilovich ”, “Manuilovich”, “Emelyanovich”, sister Marusya bore the patronymic “Emmanuilovna” or “Manuilovna”. From the beginning of his literary activity, Korneichukov used the pseudonym "Korney Chukovsky", which was later joined by a fictitious patronymic - "Ivanovich". After the revolution, the combination "Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky" became his real name, patronymic and surname.

His children - Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria (Murochka), who died in childhood, to whom many of her father's children's poems are dedicated - bore (at least after the revolution) the surname Chukovsky and the patronymic Korneevich / Korneevna.

Journalistic activity before the revolution

Since 1901, Chukovsky began to write articles in the Odessa News. Chukovsky was introduced to literature by his close friend at the gymnasium, the journalist V. E. Zhabotinsky. Zhabotinsky was also the guarantor of the groom at the wedding of Chukovsky and Maria Borisovna Goldfeld.

Then in 1903 Chukovsky was sent as a correspondent to London, where he thoroughly familiarized himself with English literature.

Returning to Russia during the 1905 revolution, Chukovsky was captured by revolutionary events, visited the battleship Potemkin, and began publishing the satirical magazine Signal in St. Petersburg. Among the authors of the magazine were such famous writers as Kuprin, Fedor Sologub and Teffi. After the fourth issue, he was arrested for lèse majesté. He was defended by the famous lawyer Gruzenberg, who achieved an acquittal.

In 1906, Korney Ivanovich arrived in the Finnish town of Kuokkala (now Repino, the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg), where he made a close acquaintance with the artist Ilya Repin and the writer Korolenko. It was Chukovsky who persuaded Repin to take his writing seriously and prepare a book of memoirs, Far Close. Chukovsky lived in Kuokkala for about 10 years. From the combination of the words Chukovsky and Kuokkala, “Chukokkala” was formed (invented by Repin) - the name of a handwritten humorous almanac that Korney Ivanovich kept until the last days of his life.

In 1907, Chukovsky published Walt Whitman's translations. The book became popular, which increased Chukovsky's fame in the literary environment. Chukovsky became an influential critic, smashed tabloid literature (articles about Lydia Charskaya, Anastasia Verbitskaya, "Nata Pinkerton", etc.), wittily defended the futurists - both in articles and in public lectures - from the attacks of traditional criticism (he met Mayakovsky in Kuokkala and later became friends with him), although the Futurists themselves are far from always grateful to him for this; developed his own recognizable manner (reconstruction of the psychological appearance of the writer on the basis of numerous quotations from him).

In 1916, Chukovsky again visited England with a delegation from the State Duma. In 1917, Patterson's book With the Jewish Detachment at Gallipoli (about the Jewish Legion in the British Army) was published, edited and with a foreword by Chukovsky.

After the revolution, Chukovsky continued to engage in criticism, publishing two of his most famous books on the work of his contemporaries - The Book of Alexander Blok (Alexander Blok as a Man and a Poet) and Akhmatova and Mayakovsky. The circumstances of the Soviet era turned out to be ungrateful for critical activity, and Chukovsky had to “bury this talent in the ground”, which he later regretted.

literary criticism

Since 1917, Chukovsky sat down for many years of work on Nekrasov, his favorite poet. Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov's poems was published. Chukovsky completed work on it only in 1926, reworking a lot of manuscripts and providing texts with scientific comments. The monograph Nekrasov's Mastery, published in 1952, was reprinted many times, and in 1962 Chukovsky was awarded the Lenin Prize for it. After 1917, it was possible to publish a significant part of Nekrasov's poems, which had previously either been banned by the tsarist censorship, or which had been "vetoed" by the copyright holders. Approximately a quarter of Nekrasov's currently known poetic lines were put into circulation precisely by Korney Chukovsky. In addition, in the 1920s, he discovered and published manuscripts of Nekrasov's prose works (The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trosnikov, The Thin Man, and others). On this occasion, there was even a legend in literary circles: the literary critic and another researcher and biographer of Nekrasov, V.E. how many more lines of Nekrasov did you write today?

In addition to Nekrasov, Chukovsky was engaged in the biography and work of a number of other writers of the 19th century (Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Sleptsov), to which, in particular, his book “People and Books of the Sixties” is devoted, participated in the preparation of the text and editing of many publications. Chukovsky considered Chekhov the writer closest to himself in spirit.

Children's poems

Passion for children's literature, glorified Chukovsky, began relatively late, when he was already a famous critic. In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the Yolka collection and wrote his first fairy tale, Crocodile.

In 1923, his famous fairy tales "Moydodyr" and "Cockroach" were published.

In the life of Chukovsky there was another hobby - the study of the psyche of children and how they master speech. He wrote down his observations of children, their verbal creativity in the book From Two to Five (1933).

Chukovsky in the 1930s

Among party critics and editors, the term "Chukovshchina" arose. In December 1929, Chukovsky published a letter in Literaturnaya Gazeta with a renunciation of fairy tales and a promise to create a collection of "Merry Kolkhoz". Chukovsky was very upset by the renunciation and in the end did not do what he promised. The 1930s were marked by two personal tragedies of Chukovsky: in 1931, his daughter Murochka died after a serious illness, and in 1938, the husband of his daughter Lydia, physicist Matvey Bronstein, was shot (the writer learned about the death of his son-in-law only after two years of trouble in the authorities).

Other works

In the 1930s, Chukovsky did a lot of work on the theory of literary translation (“The Art of Translation” of 1936 was republished before the start of the war, in 1941, under the title “High Art”) and on translations into Russian (M. Twain, O. Wilde, R Kipling and others, including in the form of "retellings" for children).

He begins to write memoirs, on which he worked until the end of his life (“Contemporaries” in the ZhZL series). Posthumously published "Diaries 1901-1969".

Chukovsky and the Bible for children

In the 1960s, K. Chukovsky started a retelling of the Bible for children. He attracted writers and writers to this project and carefully edited their work. The project itself was very difficult due to the anti-religious position of the Soviet government. In particular, they demanded from Chukovsky that the words "God" and "Jews" should not be mentioned in the book; by the forces of writers for God, the pseudonym "The Wizard of Yahweh" was invented. The book entitled "The Tower of Babel and Other Ancient Legends" was published by the publishing house "Children's Literature" in 1968. However, the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities. The first book edition available to the reader took place in 1990 at the publishing house "Karelia" with illustrations by Gustave Dore. In 2001, the Rosman and Dragonfly publishing houses began to publish the book under the title The Tower of Babel and Other Biblical Traditions.

Last years

In recent years, Chukovsky has been a popular favorite, winner of a number of state awards and a holder of orders, at the same time he maintained contacts with dissidents (Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, the Litvinovs, his daughter Lydia was also a prominent human rights activist). At the dacha in Peredelkino, where he lived constantly in recent years, he arranged meetings with the surrounding children, talked with them, read poetry, invited famous people, famous pilots, artists, writers, poets to meetings. Peredelkino children, who have long since become adults, still remember those children's gatherings at Chukovsky's dacha.

In 1966, he signed a letter from 25 cultural and scientific figures to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, L. I. Brezhnev, against the rehabilitation of Stalin.

Korney Ivanovich died on October 28, 1969 from viral hepatitis. At the dacha in Peredelkino, where the writer lived most of his life, his museum now operates.

From the memoirs of Yu. G. Oksman:

He was buried at the cemetery in Peredelkino.

Family

• Wife (since May 26, 1903) - Maria Borisovna Chukovskaya (nee Maria Aron-Berovna Goldfeld, 1880-1955). Daughter of accountant Aron-Ber Ruvimovich Goldfeld and housewife Tuba (Tauba) Oizerovna Goldfeld.
  • Son - poet, writer and translator Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky (1904-1965). His wife is the translator Marina Nikolaevna Chukovskaya (1905-1993).
  • Daughter - writer and dissident Lidia Korneevna Chukovskaya (1907-1996). Her first husband was a literary critic and literary historian Tsezar Samoylovich Volpe (1904-1941), the second - a physicist and popularizer of science Matvey Petrovich Bronstein (1906-1938).
  • Son - Boris Korneevich Chukovsky (1910-1941), died in the Great Patriotic War.
  • Daughter - Maria Korneevna Chukovskaya (1920-1931), the heroine of children's poems and stories of her father.
    • Granddaughter - Natalya Nikolaevna Kostyukova (Chukovskaya), Tata, (born 1925), microbiologist, professor, doctor of medical sciences, Honored Scientist of Russia.
    • Granddaughter - literary critic, chemist Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaya (born 1931).
    • Grandson - Nikolai Nikolaevich Chukovsky, Gulya, (born 1933), communications engineer.
    • Grandson - cameraman Evgeny Borisovich Chukovsky (1937-1997).
    • Grandson - Dmitry Chukovsky (born 1943), husband of the famous tennis player Anna Dmitrieva.
      • Great-granddaughter - Maria Ivanovna Shustitskaya, (born 1950), anesthesiologist-resuscitator.
      • Great-grandson - Boris Ivanovich Kostyukov, (1956-2007), historian-archivist.
      • Great-grandson - Yuri Ivanovich Kostyukov, (born 1956), doctor.
      • Great-granddaughter - Marina Dmitrievna Chukovskaya (born 1966),
      • Great-grandson - Dmitry Chukovsky (born 1968), chief producer of the directorate of NTV-Plus sports channels.
      • Great-grandson - Andrei Evgenievich Chukovsky, (born 1960), chemist.
      • Great-grandson - Nikolai Evgenievich Chukovsky, (born 1962).
• Nephew - mathematician Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin (1919-1984).

Addresses in St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad

• August 1905 - 1906: Akademichesky Lane, 5;
• 1906 - autumn 1917: tenement house - Kolomenskaya street, 11;
• autumn 1917 - 1919: I. E. Kuznetsov's apartment building - Zagorodny Prospekt, 27;
• 1919-1938: apartment building - Manezhny lane, 6.
• 1912: in the name of K.I., a dacha was purchased (not preserved) in the village of Kuokkala (village of Repino) obliquely from the “Penates” of I.E. Repin, where the Chukovskys lived in the winter. Here is how contemporaries describe the location of this dacha:

Awards

Chukovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin (1957), three orders of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals. In 1962, he was awarded the Lenin Prize in the USSR, and in the UK he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature Honoris causa from Oxford University.

List of works

Fairy tales

• Dog Kingdom (1912)
• Crocodile (1916)
• Cockroach (1921)
• Moidodyr (1923)
• Wonder Tree (1924)
• Fly-Tsokotuha (1924)
• Barmaley (1925)
• Confusion (1926)
• Fedorino grief (1926)
• Telephone (1926)
• Stolen Sun (1927)
• Aibolit (1929)
• English folk songs
• Toptygin and Fox (1934)
• Let's defeat Barmaley! (1942)
• The Adventures of Bibigon (1945-1946)
• Toptygin and Luna
• Chick
• What did Mura do when she was read the fairy tale "Wonder Tree"
• The adventures of the white mouse

Poems for children

• Glutton
• Elephant reads
• Zakaliaka
• Piglet
• hedgehogs laugh
• Sandwich
• Fedotka
• Turtle
• pigs
• Garden
• Song of poor boots
• Camel
• tadpoles
• Bebek
• Joy
• Great-great-great-grandchildren
• Fly in the bath
• Chicken

Tale

• Solar
• Silver coat of arms

Translation works

• Principles of Literary Translation (1919, 1920)
• The Art of Translation (1930, 1936)
• High Art (1941, 1964, 1966)

preschool education

• two to five

Memories

• Chukokkala
• Contemporaries
• Memories of Repin
• Yuri Tynyanov
• Boris Zhitkov
• Irakli Andronikov

Articles

• The story of my "Aibolit"
• How "Fly-Tsokotuha" was written
• Confessions of an old storyteller
• Chukokkala page
• About Sherlock Holmes
• Verbitskaya (she later - Nate Pinkerton)
• Lydia Charskaya

Editions of essays

• Chukovsky K. I. Collected works in six volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1965-1969.
• Chukovsky K. I. Works in two volumes. - M .: Pravda - Ogonyok, 1990. / compilation and general edition of E. Ts. Chukovskaya
• Chukovsky K.I. Collected works in 5 volumes. - M.: Terra - Book Club, 2008.
• Chukovsky K. I. Chukokkala. Handwritten almanac Korney Chukovsky / Foreword. I. Andronikov; Comment. K. Chukovsky; Comp., prepared. text, note. E. Chukovskaya. - 2nd ed. correct - M.: Russian way, 2006. - 584 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-85887-280-1.

Screen versions of works

• 1927 "Cockroach"
• 1938 "Doctor Aibolit" (dir. Vladimir Nemolyaev)
• 1939 Moidodyr (dir. Ivan Ivanov-Vano)
• 1939 Limpopo (dir. Leonid Amalrik, Vladimir Polkovnikov)
• 1941 "Barmaley" (dir. Leonid Amalrik, Vladimir Polkovnikov)
• 1944 "Phone_(cartoon)" (dir. Mikhail Tsekhanovsky)
• 1954 Moidodyr (dir. Ivan Ivanov-Vano)
• 1960 "Fly-clatter"
• 1963 "Cockroach"
• 1966 "Aibolit-66" (dir. Rolan Bykov)
• 1973 "Aibolit and Barmaley" (dir. Natalia Chervinskaya)
• 1974 "Fedorino grief"
• 1982 "Confusion"
• 1984 "Vanya and the crocodile"
• 1985 "Doctor Aibolit" (dir. David Cherkassky)

Selected Quotes

About K.I. Chukovsky

• Chukovskaya L.K. Childhood memories: My father is Korney Chukovsky. - M.: Time, 2012. - 256 p., ill. - 3000 copies, ISBN 978-5-9691-0723-6