Ideological dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov. Can it be unequivocally stated that ideological differences lie at the heart of the conflict between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov? based on the novel Fathers and Sons (Turgenev I

The title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" very accurately reflects the main conflict of the work. The writer raises a layer of cultural, family, romantic, platonic and friendly topics, but the relations of two generations - older and younger - come to the fore. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is a vivid example of this confrontation. The historical background for ideological conflicts was the middle of the 19th century, the time before the abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire. At the same time, liberals and revolutionary democrats clashed head-on. We will consider the details and outcome of the controversy using the example of our heroes.

The central conflict of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov

It is a mistake to believe that the essence of the work "Fathers and Sons" is reduced to a mere change in the ideology of generations, which has a socio-political overtones. Turgenev endowed this novel with deep psychologism and a multi-layered plot. With a superficial reading, the reader's focus is only on the conflict between the aristocracy and the raznochintsy. Helps to identify the views held by Bazarov and Kirsanov, dispute. The table below shows the essence of these contradictions. And if we dig deeper, we can see that there is an idyll of family happiness, and intrigue, and emancipation, and the grotesque, and the eternity of nature, and reflections on the future.

Yevgeny Bazarov finds himself in the midst of a conflict between fathers and children when he agrees to come to Maryino with his university friend Arkady. In the house of a friend, the atmosphere immediately went wrong. Manners, appearance, divergence of views - all this provokes mutual antipathy with Uncle Arkady. A further dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov flares up over a variety of topics: art, politics, philosophy, the Russian people.

Portrait of Evgeny Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov is a representative of the generation of "children" in the novel. He is a young student with progressive views, but at the same time prone to nihilism, which the "fathers" condemn. Turgenev, as if on purpose, dressed the hero ridiculously and carelessly. The details of his portrait emphasize the rudeness and spontaneity of the young man: a wide forehead, red hands, self-confident behavior. Bazarov, in principle, is outwardly unattractive, but has a deep mind.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is aggravated by the fact that the former does not recognize any dogmas and authorities. Eugene is convinced that any truth begins with a doubt. The hero also believes that everything can be verified empirically, he does not accept judgments on faith. The situation is aggravated by Bazarov's intolerance for opposing opinions. He is emphatically harsh in his statements.

Portrait of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical nobleman, a representative of the generation of "fathers". He is a pampered aristocrat and a staunch conservative who adheres to liberal political views. He dresses elegantly and neatly, wears formal English-style suits and starches his collars. Bazarov's opponent is outwardly very well-groomed, elegant in manners. He shows his "breed" in every way.

From his point of view, established traditions and principles should remain unshakable. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is reinforced by the fact that Pavel Petrovich perceives everything new negatively and even hostilely. Here, congenital conservatism makes itself felt. Kirsanov bows before the old authorities, only they are true for him.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov: a table of disagreements

The main problem has already been voiced by Turgenev in the title of the novel - the difference between generations. The line of dispute between the main characters can be traced in this table.

Who are the nihilists

The ideas of nihilism are clearly manifested in the confrontation of opponents, which are Pavel Kirsanov, Bazarov. The dispute exposes the rebellious spirit of Yevgeny Bazarov. He does not bow before the authorities, and this unites him with the revolutionary democrats. The hero questions and denies everything he sees in society. This is the characteristic of nihilists.

Story line outcome

In general, Bazarov belongs to the category of people of action. He does not accept conventions and pretentious aristocratic etiquette. The hero is in a daily search for the truth. One of these searches is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov. The table clearly shows the contradictions between them.

Kirsanov is good at polemics, but things do not go beyond conversations. He talks about the life of the common people, but only an ashtray in the shape of a bast shoes on his desktop speaks of his true connection with him. Pavel Petrovich talks with pathos about serving for the good of the Motherland, while he himself lives a well-fed and calm life.

Because of the uncompromising character of the characters, the truth is not born in the novel "Fathers and Sons". The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov ends with a duel, which demonstrates the emptiness of noble chivalry. The collapse of the ideas of nihilism is identified with the death of Eugene from blood poisoning. And the passivity of the liberals is confirmed by Pavel Petrovich, since he remains to live in Dresden, although life away from his homeland is hard for him.

I. S. Turgenev reflected in his novel “Fathers and Sons” the conflict that arose between the two socio-political camps in the Russian Federation in the 60s of the XIX century. The writer Yevgeny Bazarov became the spokesman for the ideas of the raznochintsy-democrats. He is opposed in the novel by the liberal nobility, the most prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In order to reflect the conflict of the turning point in the life of the Russian Federation in its entirety, Turgenev brings these two heroes together.

"Who is Bazarov?" - the Kirsanovs ask Arkady and hear the answer: “Nihilist”. The views of the "nihilist" and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov were completely opposite. From the very first meeting, they felt a comrade to a friend hostility. Pavel Petrovich, having learned that Evgeny would be visiting them, asked: “This hairy one?” And Bazarov noticed Arkady in the evening: “And your uncle is eccentric.” Between them constantly there were contradictions. “We will still have a fight with this doctor, I foresee it,” says Kirsanov.

Let's take a closer look at the main characters of the novel. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the son of a military general in 1812. Graduated from the Corps of Pages. Outwardly, this is a man with a beautiful face, youthfully slender. An aristocrat, an Angloman, he was self-confident, spoiled himself. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel Petrovich retained his aristocratic habits (he wore an English suit and lacquered ankle boots). Bazarov is the granddaughter of a deacon, the son of a county doctor. There is strength and energy in this man. He speaks in a "manly voice," clear and simple. Bazarov's gait is "solid and swiftly bold." In general, in the appearance of Bazarov, Turgenev emphasizes his intellectual beginning.

What is the worldview of these heroes of the novel? Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is strongly convinced that the aristocrats won the right to a leading position in society not by origin, but by moral virtues and deeds (“The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it”), that is, the moral norms developed by the aristocrats are the backbone of the human personality.

What is the essence of the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich? Is it possible to unequivocally state that the basis of their conflict lies and received the best answer

Answer from Pashendri@[guru]
Turgenev began work on the novel in early August 1860, and finished it in July 1861. "Fathers and Sons" appeared in the February book of the magazine "Russian Messenger" for 1862.
Turgenev based the novel on the conflict between noble liberalism and revolutionary democracy at the time of the abolition of serfdom.
There have always been various disagreements between the older and younger generations. This can be explained by the fact that over time the situation changes, affecting the further attitude of a person to life, the formation of his character. Often people of the older generation are unable or unwilling to understand new attitudes and ways of life. Sometimes this misunderstanding develops into enmity. It is this enmity that we can see on the pages of this novel.
Pavel Petrovich is a typical representative of noble liberalism. He is smart, honest, noble in his own way. Pavel Petrovich follows the old principles in everything. People considered him a little self-confident, mocking, he was distinguished by remarkable beauty.
In his youth, Pavel Petrovich was a secular official, he was carried in his arms, he also spoiled himself a little. I think that Pavel Petrovich could well be called a sybarite, that is, a man spoiled by luxury.
Bazarov Turgenev refers to the number of revolutionary-democratic figures. He is smart, has a good education, is fond of natural sciences. Bazarov is young, full of energy, he is bored where he is not busy with anything. Unlike Sitnikov, Bazarov is not ashamed of his origin.
Whatever the conversation between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov is about, they almost never find a common language.
Pavel Petrovich respects people with certain principles in life, believing that only empty and immoral people live without them. Bazarov calls the word "principle" an empty, foreign, unnecessary word.
Their attitudes towards the Russian people are also different. Pavel Petrovich reproaches Bazarov for contempt for the people, while Eugene claims: "... well, if he deserves contempt!" , although he often emphasizes his connection with the people: "My grandfather plowed the land", proves that he knows and understands the people much better than Kirsanov.
The characters' views on art and literature are opposite. Pavel Petrovich approves the work of artists, writers, and Bazarov with his phrases: “Rafael is not worth a penny! ” and “a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any writer” knocks down Kirsanov on the spot.
Many disagreements in the conversation between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich can be found. It is these differences that completely oppose the characters to each other. Based on them, Bazarov is presented as a callous person, rude to art and literature, self-confident.
The character of the hero is fully revealed only when he meets the test of love.
Pavel Petrovich loved one woman all his life - Princess R. But luck turned away from him, and his life did not work out in love, although love was of great importance in his life.
Bazarov at the beginning of the novel neglects love, considering it stupidity, in his opinion "it is better to be a stone on the pavement than to let a woman take possession of at least the tip of her eye." And yet he fell in love ... Love for Odintsova awakened the other side of Bazarov - a passionate, kind, gentle man, inspired by love. The true character of Bazarov is revealed in the scene of his death. In death he realizes what he could not realize in life.
I do not agree with Bazarov in his attitude to literature, art, love. Although otherwise I share his views more than the views of Pavel Petrovich.
Bazarov is a man of deeds, and Kirsanov is a man of his word. Russia, consisting only of the Kirsanovs, would develop for a very long time and one-sidedly. It is people like Bazarov that Russia needs for its development and prosperity. Turgenev said: "When such people are transferred, let the book of history be closed forever, there will be nothing to read in it."
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The conflict of fathers and children is an eternal and universal problem, but in specific historical conditions it acquires special facets. Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", written during the period of profound historical changes associated with the reform of 1861, shows that in Russia of that time the problem of fathers and children was embodied in the confrontation of old and new ideological, socio-political and moral-philosophical positions. On the one hand, this is the generation of “fathers” to which the noble liberals belonged, on the other hand, the generation of “children” coming to replace it, that is, the new, democratically minded youth, who denied everything that was connected with the old world. Before us unfolds a dispute of socio-historical generations.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" exposes the social antagonism of the positions of the democrat, nihilist Bazarov and the aristocrat, liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The program of the liberals, of which Kirsanov Sr. is the main defender, is based on the ideas of dignity and correctness, self-respect, and honor. Nihilist Bazarov, proclaiming the idea of ​​"complete and merciless denial", believes that the existing world must be destroyed in order to then carry out radical transformations. Nihilism, according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values ​​of the spirit and the natural foundations of life, and this cannot but cause concern.

From this point of view, the conflict of generations acquires a completely different semantic coloring. Turgenev shows not only the differences, but also a certain similarity between the antagonist characters, revealing the destructive side of both Kirsan's conservatism and Bazar's nihilism. With the beginning of the love line of Bazarov - Odintsov, the problem of fathers and children passes to the moral and philosophical level. The former Bazarov, a convinced denier of the "mysteries of being", is no more. Like Pavel Petrovich, who also collapsed in love, Bazarov plunges into reflection on these secrets and also turns out to be a stranger to ordinary life, an “extra person”. Now the socio-historical positions of the antagonist heroes are tested by eternal values: love, friendship, family, death.

Turgenev clearly demonstrates the idea that any extremes are fatal. Having lost all life ties, having lost friendship, unable to find love, to restore true filial relations with his parents, Bazarov dies. Pavel Petrovich also lives out his life alone. But the ending of the novel is open: the picture depicting the death of Bazarov is followed by a brief epilogue, which reports on how the fate of other heroes is arranged. It turns out that life goes on where there is no gap between fathers and children, where different generations find a way to mutual understanding. Such are the families of Arkady and Katya, Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. So, the eternal conflict of fathers and children can still have a positive solution.

The conflict of fathers and children is an eternal and universal problem, but in specific historical conditions it acquires special facets. Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", written during the period of profound historical changes associated with the reform of 1861, shows that in Russia of that time the problem of fathers and children was embodied in the confrontation of old and new ideological, socio-political and moral-philosophical positions. On the one hand, this is the generation of “fathers” to which the noble liberals belonged, on the other hand, the generation of “children” coming to replace it, that is, the new, democratically minded youth, who denied everything that was connected with the old world. Before us unfolds a dispute of socio-historical generations.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" exposes the social antagonism of the positions of the democrat, nihilist Bazarov and the aristocrat, liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. The program of the liberals, of which Kirsanov Sr. is the main defender, is based on the ideas of dignity and correctness, self-respect, and honor. Nihilist Bazarov, proclaiming the idea of ​​"complete and merciless denial", believes that the existing world must be destroyed in order to then carry out radical transformations. Nihilism, according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values ​​of the spirit and the natural foundations of life, and this cannot but cause concern.

From this point of view, the conflict of generations acquires a completely different semantic coloring. Turgenev shows not only the differences, but also a certain similarity between the antagonist characters, revealing the destructive side of both Kirsan's conservatism and Bazar's nihilism. With the beginning of the love line of Bazarov - Odintsov, the problem of fathers and children passes to the moral and philosophical level. The former Bazarov, a convinced denier of the "mysteries of being", is no more. Like Pavel Petrovich, who also collapsed in love, Bazarov plunges into reflection on these secrets and also turns out to be a stranger to ordinary life, an “extra person”. Now the socio-historical positions of the antagonist heroes are tested by eternal values: love, friendship, family, death.

Turgenev clearly demonstrates the idea that any extremes are fatal. Having lost all life ties, having lost friendship, unable to find love, to restore true filial relations with his parents, Bazarov dies. Pavel Petrovich also lives out his life alone. But the ending of the novel is open: the picture depicting the death of Bazarov is followed by a brief epilogue, which reports on how the fate of other heroes is arranged. It turns out that life goes on where there is no gap between fathers and children, where different generations find a way to mutual understanding. Such are the families of Arkady and Katya, Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka. So, the eternal conflict of fathers and children can still have a positive solution.

Why did the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova end tragically? (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

Turgenev always believed that it is love that tests a person, and therefore the love line of Bazarov - Odintsov is very important for understanding the novel as a whole. From the moment of its inception, the concrete-historical line of plot development is transformed into a moral-philosophical one, ideological disputes are replaced by questions posed by life itself, and the character of the hero becomes more complex and contradictory. He, who denied the romance of love, fell in love romantically, hopelessly. His feelings and previous beliefs come into conflict, which makes the relationship with Odintsova difficult and sometimes painful for the hero.

Beauty Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a strong, deep, independent nature, endowed with a developed mind, but at the same time she is cold and selfish. In some ways, she is similar to Bazarov: like him, she treats other people with condescension, feeling her superiority over them. She was the only one in the novel who correctly understood the complex and contradictory nature of Bazarov, appreciated him, understood the depth and strength of the feeling that arose in him. It would seem that all this could lead to a lasting alliance of heroes. After all, both of them, in fact, are very lonely. Odintsova, like Bazarov, feels that the forces of her rich nature remain unrealized.

But what awaits her with Bazarov? The scene of the hero's declaration of love shows that there is no harmony in their relationship and cannot be. It is not for nothing that Anna Sergeevna is so frightened by some kind of hidden, but sometimes formidable force escaping outward, lurking in Bazarovo. He has the courage to admit that he is in love, like a real romantic, but the consciousness of this makes him angry himself - either at himself, or at Odintsova. On the other hand, she herself lacks the courage and determination to link her fate with him. To a rich, unpredictable, but extremely difficult life with this extraordinary person, she prefers a somewhat boring, but very comfortable existence in her usual conditions of a rich aristocratic circle. At the end of the novel, we learn that Anna Sergeevna married very well and is quite satisfied with her life. So the responsibility for the failed relationship with Bazarov lies with her.