Essay on literature. Saveliy - Holy Russian hero
One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially, as from the forest,
Bending down, he left.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called “branded, convict”. And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.
It is interesting to observe how Saveliy is not averse to playing a trick on his family members:
And they will annoy him hard -
Jokes: “Look
Matchmakers to us!” Unmarried
Cinderella - to the window:
but instead of matchmakers - beggars!
From a tin button
Grandfather fashioned two kopecks,
Threw up on the floor -
Father-in-law got caught!
Not drunk from drinking -
The beaten one dragged on!
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not shun drunkenness, is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, outstanding. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that have fallen to his lot:
“Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will reflect
About death - hellish torments
In the other world they are waiting.”
Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée. Savely says:
We did not rule corvee,
We didn't pay dues
And so, when it comes to judgment,
We will send once in three years.
In such circumstances, the character of the young Savely was tempered. Nobody pressured her, nobody made her feel like a slave. In addition, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:
Dense forests all around,
Swamps all around,
Not a horse ride to us,
Not a foot pass!
Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work in peace, not feeling someone else's power over them.
When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs are recalled, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they controlled their own lives.
The old man tells how the peasants dealt with the bears:
We were only concerned
Bears ... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: “My forest!” - I scream.
Saveliy, like a real fairy tale hero, claims his rights to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths, mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything, he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.
The unity of the bogatyr Savely and the nature around him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely to become stronger. Even in old age, when years and hardships have bent the old man's back, you still feel remarkable strength in him.
Savely tells how, in his youth, his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master, to hide the wealth from him. And although we had to endure a lot for this, no one could reproach people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.
Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Excellently fought Shalashnikov,
And not so hot great Incomes received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
“Whatever you do, dog son,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
Leave something!”
Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one's well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:
Those were the proud people!
And now give a crack -
Corrector, landowner
Drag the last penny!
Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and imperceptibly. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population, little by little he observed peasant life.
Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.
And then came the hardship
Korean peasant -
thread ravaged
The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.
And so we endured
That we are rich.
In that Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!
Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking of people's long-suffering and courage. He uses the folk epos, speaking of heroes:
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!
Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of higher justice comes to mind. The peasants have already managed to feel absolutely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But after all, a person cannot be mocked with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.
But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:
Buoy-city, There I learned to read and write,
Until they decided us.
The solution came out: hard labor
And weave in advance ...
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a plaything in the hands of fate.
Savely, Holy Russian bogatyr in the poem "Who in Rus' should live well"
Laid out material: Finished Essays
Nekrasov found an original way to show the struggle of the peasants against the feudal lords at a new stage. He settles the peasants in a remote village, separated from the cities and villages by "dense forests", impassable swamps. In Korezhin, the oppression of the landowners was not clearly felt. Then he expressed himself only in the extortion of quitrent by Shalashnikov. When the German Vogel managed to deceive the peasants and pave the way with their help, all forms of serfdom appeared immediately and in full measure. Thanks to such a plot find, the author manages, using the example of only two generations, to reveal in a concentrated form the attitude of the peasants and their best representatives to the horrors of serfdom. This technique was found by the writer in the process of studying reality. Nekrasov knew the Kostroma region well. The poet's contemporaries noted the hopeless wilderness of this region.
The transfer of the scene of action of the main characters of the third part (and perhaps the entire poem) - Savely and Matrena Timofeevna - to the remote village of Klin, Korezhinskaya volost, Kostroma province, had not only psychological, but also huge political meaning. When Matryona Timofeevna came to the city of Kostroma, she saw: “There is a forged copper, exactly like Savely grandfather, a peasant of the square. - Whose monument? - "Susanina". The comparison of Savely with Susanin is of particular importance.
As established by the researcher A.F. Tarasov, Ivan Susanin was born in the same places ... He died, according to legend, forty kilometers from Bui, in the swamps near the village of Yusupov, where he brought the Polish invaders.
The patriotic act of Ivan Susanin was used ... to elevate the "house of the Romanovs", to prove the support of this "house" by the people... At the request of official circles, M. Glinka's wonderful opera "Ivan Susanin" was renamed "Life for the Tsar". In 1351, a monument to Susanin was erected in Kostroma, on which he is shown kneeling in front of the bust of Mikhail Romanov, towering on a six-meter column.
Having settled his rebellious hero Saveliy in the Kostroma "korezhina", in the homeland of Susanin ... the original patrimony of the Romanovs, identifying ... Savely with Susanin, Nekrasov showed who the Kostroma "korezhnaya" Rus' would actually give birth to, what Ivan Susanins really are, what is the Russian peasantry in general, ready to the decisive battle for liberation.
A.F. Tarasov draws attention to this fact. On the Kostroma monument, Susanin stands before the tsar in an uncomfortable position - kneeling. Nekrasov “straightened” his hero - “there is a forged copper ... man in the square”, but he doesn’t even remember the figure of the king. This is how the political position of the writer manifested itself in the creation of the image of Savely.
Saveliy - Holy Russian hero. Nekrasov reveals the heroism of nature at three stages of character development. At first, grandfather is among the peasants - Korezhi (Vetluzhintsy), whose heroism is expressed in overcoming the difficulties associated with wildlife. Then the grandfather steadfastly endures the monstrous flogging to which the landowner Shalashnikov subjected the peasants, demanding dues. Talking about spankings, grandfather was most proud of the stamina of the peasants. They beat me hard, they beat me for a long time. And although the peasants "tongues got in the way, their brains were already shaking, they were tearing up in their heads," they nevertheless took home quite a few, "not knocked out" money by the landowner. Heroism - in stamina, and endurance, in resistance. "Hands are twisted with chains, legs are forged with iron ... the hero endures everything."
Children of nature, workers hardened in battle with harsh nature and freedom-loving natures - this is the source of their heroism. Not blind obedience, but conscious stability, not slavish patience, but persistent defense of one's interests. It is understandable why he indignantly condemns those who "... give a slap to the police officer, the landowner is dragged with the last penny!"
Savely was the instigator of the murder of the German Vogel by the peasants. Deep in the recesses of the old man's freedom-loving nature lay hatred for the enslaver. He did not set himself up, did not inflate his consciousness with theoretical judgments, did not expect a “push” from anyone. Everything happened by itself, at the behest of the heart.
"Give it up!" - I dropped the word
Under the word Russian people
They work friendly.
“Give it! Give!”
They gave it so much
That the hole didn't exist.
As you can see, the peasants not only “have axes for the time being!”, but they had an unquenchable fire of hatred. Coherence of actions is acquired, leaders are distinguished, words are established with which they “work” more amicably.
The image of the Holy Russian hero has one more charm-Ebo trait. The noble goal of the struggle and the dream of the bright joy of human happiness removed the rudeness of this "savage", protected his heart from bitterness. The old man called the boy Demu a hero. This means that the childish spontaneity, tenderness, sincerity of a smile are introduced by him into the concept of "hero". The grandfather saw in the child a source of special love for life. He stopped shooting squirrels, began to love every flower, hurried home to laugh, to play with Demushka. That is why Matryona Timofeevna not only saw in the image of Savely a patriot, a fighter (Susanin), but also a hearty sage, able to understand much better than statesmen can. A clear, deep, truthful thought of the grandfather was clothed in "okay" speech. Matrena Timofeevna does not find an example for comparison with how Savely can speak (“If the merchants of Moscow, the nobles of the sovereign, happen, the tsar himself happens: you shouldn’t speak more smoothly!”).
The conditions of life ruthlessly tested the heroic heart of the old man. Exhausted in the struggle, exhausted by suffering, the grandfather “overlooked” the boy: the pigs killed their favorite Demushka. The heart wound was aggravated by the cruel accusation of "unrighteous judges" of the grandfather's cohabitation with Matryona Timofeevna and of deliberate murder. Grandfather painfully endured irreparable grief, then “he lay hopeless for six days, then he went into the forests, grandfather sang so much, grandfather cried so much that the forest groaned! And in the fall he went to repentance in the Sand Monastery.
Did the rebel find solace behind the walls of the monastery? No, after three years he again came to the sufferers, to the world. Dying, one hundred and seven years old, grandfather does not give up the fight. Nekrasov carefully removes words and phrases from the manuscript that are not in harmony with the rebellious appearance of Savely. The Holy Russian hero is not devoid of religious ideas. He prays at the grave of Demushka, he advises Matryona Timofeev: “There is nothing to argue with God. Become! Pray for Demushka! God knows what he's doing." But he prays "... for the poor Demu, for all the suffering Russian peasantry."
Nekrasov creates an image of great generalizing significance. The scale of thought, the breadth of Savely's interests - for all the suffering Russian peasantry - make this image majestic, symbolic. This is a representative, an example of a certain social environment. It reflects the heroic, revolutionary essence of the peasant character.
In the draft manuscript, Nekrasov first wrote, and then crossed out: “I pray here, Matryoushka, I pray for the poor, the loving, for all the Russian priesthood and I pray for the tsar.” Of course, tsarist sympathies, faith in the Russian priesthood, characteristic of the patriarchal peasantry, manifested themselves in this man along with hatred for the enslavers, that is, for the same tsar, for his support - the landowners, for his spiritual servants - the priests. It is no coincidence that Savely, in the spirit of a popular proverb, expressed his critical attitude with the words: "High is God, far is the king." And at the same time, the dying Savely leaves a farewell testament embodying the contradictory wisdom of the patriarchal peasantry. One part of his will breathes hatred, and he, says Matryona Timofeev-pa, confused us: “Do not plow, not this peasant! Hunched behind the yarn behind the canvases, peasant woman, do not sit! It is clear that such hatred is the result of the activities of a fighter and avenger, whose whole heroic life gave him the right to say words worthy of being carved on the “marble board at the entrance to hell”, created by Russian tsarism: “There are three paths for men: a tavern, a jail, yes penal servitude, and women in Rus' have three loops.
But on the other hand, the same sage recommended dying, and recommended not only to his beloved granddaughter Matryona, but also to everyone: to his comrades-in-arms in the struggle: “Do not fight, stupid, what is written in the family, that cannot be avoided!” In Savelia, however, the pathos of struggle and hatred is stronger, and not the feeling of humility and reconciliation.
SAVELIY, BOGATYR SVYATORUSSKY The project was prepared by: Barinova Ekaterina Malyuzhenko Ekaterina Galkina Valeria Grigoryan Karine Sabirova Alina
1. How old is the hero? What is its appearance? “I couldn’t: he was already knocked, According to fairy tales, a hundred years old” “With a huge gray mane, Tea uncut for twenty years, With a huge beard, Grandfather looked like a bear, Especially as he came out of the forest, bending over. Grandpa has an arched back "" He came in: well, will he straighten up? The bear will punch a hole in the light room with its head! Artist V. Serov
2. What is the hero's story? What troubles and hardships fell to his lot? “In the times before the village” “Oh, the share of the Holy Russian Bogatyr homely! He's been bullied all his life. Time will think about death - hellish torments In the next worldly life they are waiting. “We were only worried about the Bears. . . Yes, we dealt with bears easily.
3. How does the hero talk about life, what does he accept and what he denies in the peasant way of life? “According to the time of Shalashnikov“ The dead. . . lost. . . "He thought up a new thing, An order comes to us:" Appear! ... "" To not endure - the abyss! To endure - the abyss ... " "Weak people surrendered, And the strong for the patrimony stood well"
4. What moral qualities does the author give to the hero? How does he feel about him? The author endows Savely with such moral qualities as kindness, love for the motherland and people. Savely is also characterized by intelligence, patience, perseverance, self-esteem. Savely is a freedom-loving, proud man. He is the embodiment of strength and courage. "Branded, but not a slave" Nekrasov creates an image that combines contradictory features: heroic patience "for the time being", social activity, the ability to rebel.
5. What is the hero's idea of happiness, of the paths that lead to it? One of the conditions for the happiness of the people in the understanding of Savely is freedom. “People of the servile rank are Real dogs sometimes: The heavier the punishment, The dearer the Lord is to them. Savely sees him in protest against social injustice, in thoughts about the fate of the peasant, in love for his native working people. "Where is your strength gone? What were you good for? Under rods, under sticks, she left for little things!
Savely did not understand the current people, who immediately gave up and did not even try to fight. “there were proud people And now give a crack - to the police chief, the landowner They are dragging the last penny. » Nekrasov himself is deeply convinced that happiness is possible only in a society of free people. “The limits of the Russian people have not yet been set Before them a wide path. » Savely dies with words about the hopelessness of the peasant fate. And yet this image leaves an impression of strength, indomitable will, longing for freedom. The wise prophecy of Savely remains in the memory: “To not endure is an abyss, To endure is an abyss”
6. Why did the wanderers not recognize the hero as happy? “Oh, the share of the Holy Russian Bogatyr of the homespun! He's been bullied all his life. Time will think about death - the torments of hell are waiting in a dim life ”
7. Is it possible to notice the meaning in the speaking surname of the hero? Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. Artist A. Lebedev
8. What is the semantic role of folklore elements in the chapter about the hero? Nekrasov considered his work "an epic of modern peasant life." In it, Nekrasov asked himself the question: did the abolition of serfdom bring happiness to the peasantry? Nekrasov seeks to give a vivid and emotionally effective image of peasant life, to arouse sympathy for the peasantry, to awaken the desire to fight for peasant happiness. That is why the author uses a lot of folklore elements, such as folk songs, vernacular, fairy-tale images, riddles, signs, sayings, proverbs, epics. This is a poem about "the people" and for the "people", a poem in which the author acts as a defender of the "people's" (peasant) interests.
In the words of Saveliy about the heroism of the peasant, there is undoubtedly an echo of the epic about Svyatogor and earthly cravings: “Do you think, Matryonushka, the Muzhik is not a hero? And his life is not military, And death is not written for him In battle - but a hero! “For the time being, he lifted a terrible thrust, Yes, he himself went into the ground up to his chest With an effort! There are no tears on his face - blood flows!
One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:
With a huge gray mane,
Tea, twenty years uncut,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially, as from the forest,
Bending down, he left.
Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called "branded, hard labor". And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.
It is interesting to observe how Saveliy is not averse to playing a trick on his family members:
And they will annoy him hard -
Jokes: "Look
Matchmakers to us!" Unmarried
Cinderella - to the window:
AN instead of matchmakers - beggars!
From a tin button
Grandfather fashioned two kopecks,
Threw up on the floor -
Father-in-law got caught!
Not drunk from drinking -
The beaten one dragged on!
What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not shun drunkenness, is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, outstanding. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that have fallen to his lot:
"Oh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will reflect
About death - hellish torments
In the next worldly life, they are waiting.
Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée. Savely says:
We did not rule corvee,
We didn't pay dues
And so, when it comes to judgment,
We will send once in three years.
In such circumstances, the character of the young Savely was tempered. Nobody pressured her, nobody made her feel like a slave. In addition, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:
Dense forests all around,
Swamps all around,
Not a horse ride to us,
Not a foot pass!
Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work in peace, not feeling someone else's power over them.
When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs are recalled, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they controlled their own lives.
The old man tells how the peasants dealt with the bears:
We were only concerned
Bears... yes with bears
We got along easily.
With a knife and with a horn
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along the reserved paths
I go: "My forest!" - I scream.
Saveliy, like a real fairy tale hero, claims his rights to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths, mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything, he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.
The unity of the bogatyr Savely and the nature around him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely to become stronger. Even in old age, when years and hardships have bent the old man's back, you still feel remarkable strength in him.
Savely tells how, in his youth, his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master, to hide the wealth from him. And although we had to endure a lot for this, no one could reproach people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.
Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:
Excellently fought Shalashnikov,
And not so hot great Incomes received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He hesitated, thinking:
"Whatever you do, son of a dog,
And you won't knock out your whole soul,
Leave something!"
Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one's well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:
Those were the proud people!
And now give a crack -
Corrector, landowner
Drag the last penny!
Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and imperceptibly. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population, little by little he observed peasant life.
Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.
And then came the hardship
Korean peasant -
thread ravaged
The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.
And so we endured
That we are rich.
In that Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not military,
And death is not written for him
In battle - a hero!
Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons, speaking of people's long-suffering and courage. He uses the folk epos, speaking of heroes:
Hands twisted with chains
Legs forged with iron
Back ... dense forests
Passed on it - broke.
And the chest? Elijah the prophet
On it rattles-rides
On a chariot of fire...
The hero suffers everything!
Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of higher justice comes to mind. The peasants have already managed to feel absolutely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But after all, a person cannot be mocked with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.
But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:
Buoy-city, There I learned to read and write,
Until they decided us.
The solution came out: hard labor
And weave in advance ...
The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a plaything in the hands of fate.
The unhappy fate of the Russian peasant is described in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Savely - the Holy Russian hero - is not the main character of the work. He is assigned a difficult role - to show how strong a Russian person can be, a strong body, spirit and faith.
portrait characteristic
Savely is an ordinary serf. He belonged to the master, like most peasants in Rus'. In the poem, Matryona Korchagina, known among the people as happy, tells about the old man. Saveliy is the "parent of the father-in-law", the head of the family, into which the woman fell after marriage. The characterization of Saveliy the Holy Russian hero is based on a description of his powerful physique. Appearance makes the old man look like Russian fairy tale characters:
- a huge gray mane;
- big beard;
- high growth;
- strong figure.
The mane has not been cut for over 20 years. Age bent his back, made grandfather look like a bear. Saveliy himself compares himself to a village well - "ochep".
The author suggests that not only the appearance is important in a person, but the internal state. There is clean water in the well - Saveliy has a bright soul. The grandfather cannot straighten his back, but he does not lose his sense of humor. When he smiles, the old man's face changes: a grin appears, "like a rainbow." Another comparison is the Koryo mosquito, bony and funny.
The fate of the hero of the poem
The old man with a heroic figure lived a difficult difficult fate. Saveliy's characterization "Who lives well in Rus'" is given by the stories of the character himself. He himself divides it into periods, but behind each phrase is a long, eventful life.
First there was Mr. Shalashnikov, then a German murderer, then a jail. Shalashnikov was a master of tearing men, he whipped them so that their backs became strong, they no longer felt the pain that whipping brought.
The German murderer got the men, they bury him alive in a pit. Savely ends up in prison and hard labor. The serf cannot come to terms with such a fate, he flees from hard labor, but he is returned. Strict hard labor lasted 20 years, then the same amount of settlement. The peasant's heart became more and more callous, hardened and closed from people. The share of the “homeless hero” is unenviable: they tear him up, beat him and humiliate him. The bitter fate of the plowman was the main theme of Savely's stories. He suffered for all Russian peasants, prayed in his soul, hoping for a better future for them. Ostrog taught the old man to read and write.
In hard labor, my grandfather began to understand many events in Russian life. He did not lose hope for freedom. Slavery is not a lot for the Russian peasant: “branded, but not a slave!
After the death of Matryona's son, he fell asleep and "fed" the child to the pigs, Savely leaves for the monastery. He asks God not only for forgiveness for the fate of Demushka, but also for forgiveness from his mother. Saveliy is a long-liver. He dies at 107 years old. Life and death were equally difficult. If life is described in whole chapters, but death in a few phrases: “I haven’t eaten for a hundred days, I’ve grown sick and dry ...” “... and died by night ...”
Character character
Savely met Matryona kindly, he was the only one who could talk, console and support the poor girl who found herself in a strange family. The old man himself was nice to his relatives only for the first time, when he came from hard labor with money. Then he became superfluous, went into a separate room, "svetelochka", and read books or calendars there. Clever Saveliy saw the attitude towards himself and understood what his relatives wanted. He laughed at them, joked and endured, realizing that this was his family.
Savely has a special courage. He alone went to the bear with a horn and a knife. Once a peasant stepped on a sleepy bear. Saveliy was not afraid, but put the spear into the beast. Heroic strength was a man by nature. But what did she waste it on? Saveliy says that she left for trifles under rods and sticks. But what would become of the Russian people if they did not have this power? According to Saveliy, any peasant should be considered a hero. He endures, does not bend or break. The whole life of a serf peasant is a battle in which he tries to win.
Savely is not the main character of the poem. His fate is typical for serf Russia. It will become easier to write an essay “Characteristics of Savely, the Holy Russian hero” after studying the proposed reasoning.
Artwork test
Matrena Timofeevna told the walkers about the fate of Savely. He was her husband's grandfather. She often sought help from him and asked for advice. He was already a hundred years old, he lived apart in his upper room, because he did not like his family. In seclusion, he prayed and read the holy calendar. Huge, like a bear, hunched over, with a huge gray mane. At first, Matryona was afraid of him. Yes, and his relatives teased him with branded, convict. But he was kind to his son's daughter-in-law, became a nanny for her firstborn. Ironically, Matryona called him lucky.
Savely was a serf of the landowner Shalashnikov in the village of Korega, which was lost among the impenetrable forests. That is why the life of the peasants there was relatively free. The master excellently fought the peasants, who hid quitrent from him, because because of the impassability it was difficult to reach them. But after his death it got even worse. The heir sent the manager Vogel, who turned the life of the peasants into a real hard labor. The crafty German convinced the peasants to work off their debts. And they, in their innocence, drained the swamps, paved the way. So the master's hand reached out to them.
For eighteen years they tolerated the German, who, with his death grip, let almost everyone go around the world. Once, while digging a well, Savely gently pushed Vogel to the pit, the rest helped him. And to the cries of the German "they answered with nine shovels", burying him alive. For this he received twenty years of hard labor and the same amount of settlement. Even there he worked a lot and managed to save money for the construction of an upper room. But his relatives loved him as long as there was money, then they began to spit in the eyes.
Why does Nekrasov call this cold-blooded killer a holy Russian hero? Saveliy, who possesses truly heroic physical strength and fortitude, is for him the protector of the people. Savely himself says that the Russian peasant is a hero in his patience. But the thought lingers in him that "the peasants have axes for adversaries, but they are silent for the time being." And he grins to himself in his beard: "Branded, but not a slave." For him, and not to endure, and to endure all the same, that the abyss. He speaks with condemnation of the humility of today's peasants, who died a day ago, the lost Aniki warriors, who are only able to fight with old men and women. All their strength in small things went under the rods and sticks. But his wise popular philosophy led to rebellion.
Even after hard labor, Savely retained his unbroken spirit. Only the death of Demushka, who died through his fault, broke the peasant, who had suffered hard labor. He will spend his last days in a monastery and wandering. So the theme of people's long-suffering was expressed in the fate of Saveliy.
Savely's composition in the poem Who lives well in Rus'
Nekrasov set himself a huge task - to show exactly how the abolition of serfdom wagged on the lives of ordinary people. To do this, he creates seven peasants who go all over Rus' and ask people if they live well. Grandfather Saveliy becomes one of the respondents.
Outwardly, Savely looks like a huge bear, he has a large gray "mane", broad shoulders and great height, he is a Russian hero. From Savely's story, the reader understands that he is not only outwardly a hero, he is also a hero internally, by character. He is a very persistent, enduring and filled with life wisdom man. A man who has experienced many sorrows and many joys.
In his youth, Savely lived far in the forest, where the hand of evil landowners had not yet reached. But one day a German manager was appointed to the settlement. Initially, the manager did not even demand money from the peasants, the tribute laid down by law, but forced them to cut down the forest for it. The nearby peasants did not immediately understand what was happening, but when they cut down all the trees, a road was built into their forest wilderness. It was then that the German manager came with his whole family to live in the wilderness. Only now the peasants could not boast of a simple life: the Germans ripped them off. The Russian hero is able to endure a lot and for a long time, as Savely argues in this period of life, but something needs to be changed. And he decides to rebel against the manager, whom all the peasants bury in the ground. Here the enormous will of our hero is manifested, which is even stronger than his boundless Russian patience.
For such audacity, he is sent to hard labor for 20 years, and after that he works in the settlements for another 20 years, saving money. Not every person is able to plow for 40 years for the sake of one goal - to return home and help his family with money. It is worthy of respect.
Upon returning home, the worker is greeted very cordially, he builds a hut for the family and everyone loves him. But as soon as the money runs out, they start laughing at him, which offends Savely very much, he does not understand why he deserved such an attitude.
The end of the grandfather's life ends in the monastery, where he atones for the sins he committed: it was his fault that his grandson died. Savely is the image of a true Russian hero, able to endure a lot, but ready to rush into the struggle for the freedom of his neighbors. The author calls him "lucky" with irony, and rightly so: he is unhappy for the rest of his life.
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