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| Kyrgyzstan |
Description
Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country in Central Asia. The country has preserved large territories, almost untouched by man. Its inhabitants still pass on the ancient traditions of nomads from generation to generation. The bulk of tourists to Kyrgyzstan are attracted by the rich flora and fauna, picturesque mountain lakes and rivers, mountain peaks covered with eternal snows and the unique flavor of Central Asia. The pearl of the country is the mountain lake Issyk-Kul. Of course, disorder and isolation from civilization can scare someone away, but without this, Kyrgyzstan will lose some of its attractiveness and mystery.
Kyrgyzstan or Kyrgyzstan is often called the Switzerland of Central Asia because of the unusually beautiful mountainous landscape of the Central Tien Shan. Most travelers find Kyrgyzstan to be the most attractive, accessible and friendly region of all the Central Asian republics.
Geography
The Kyrgyz Republic, a state in Central Asia. It borders with Kazakhstan in the north, China in the east and southeast, Tajikistan in the southwest and Uzbekistan in the west. Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous country. Most of Kyrgyzstan is part of the Tien Shan mountain system. The mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction. In the east, the main ranges of the Tien Shan converge in the region of the Meridional Range, creating a powerful mountain junction. And only the extreme southwest belongs to the Pamir-Alay. Between the ridges of Kyungoy-Ala-Too and Terskey-Ala-Too there is an intermountain depression.
Kyrgyzstan is one of the largest regions in which there is a system of modern mountain glaciers, their total area occupies 8100 km2 or 4.2% of the country's territory.
There are more than 3,000 lakes within Kyrgyzstan, including the picturesque Issyk-Kul Lake, one of the deepest in the world (maximum depth 668 m). Large rivers - Chu, Naryn and Talas - originate in the highlands.
Time
3 hours ahead of Moscow. There is no transition to winter and summer time.
Climate
Kyrgyzstan has a sharply continental climate, which is temperate in most of the territory, and subtropical in the Chui and Fergana valleys. The seasons are clearly defined. The length of the day in December is 9 hours, in June - 15 hours.
Due to the strong ruggedness of the relief on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, the climatic conditions are rather heterogeneous - in the highlands of the Tien Shan, the weather has all the signs of a subpolar climate, in the southwestern regions (Fergana Valley) - subtropical, and in the northern foothills the climate is almost temperate. A characteristic feature is the dryness of the air over the entire territory of the country, due to which there are an average of 247 sunny days a year.
Average January temperatures range from -2° to -8° C in the valleys and from -8° to -20° C in the mid-altitude mountains. In the highlands, the average January temperatures are approx. -28 ° С. In many regions of Kyrgyzstan, except for the highlands, there are often thaws in winter. Summers are hot and dry, with average July temperatures in the valleys of 20-27°C, in the middle mountains 15-17°C, and in the highlands 5°C and below.
The annual rainfall ranges from 180 mm in the east of the country to 600 mm in the southwestern regions. The maximum amount of precipitation falls at the beginning of summer and in the autumn-winter period. Moreover, by the middle of winter, the thickness of the snow cover on the western slopes of the mountains can reach up to 1 meter, and in the highlands, snow lies all year round.
Language
The Kyrgyz language (Kyrgyz Tili) is the state language of Kyrgyzstan, belongs to the Turkic languages (Kypchak group of languages). Writing based on the Russian alphabet.
The Kirghiz language is spoken in the Kirghiz SSR, as well as in the Uzbek SSR, the Tajik SSR, the Kazakh SSR (the number of speakers is over 1.4 million), in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC, and Afghanistan.
Religion
The majority of the population of Kyrgyzstan professes Islam. Islam is represented by two schools (madhhabs) of the Sunni direction, united in one religious organization - the Spiritual Board of Muslims of Kyrgyzstan, headed by the mufti. There are more than 2,000 mosques, 20 madrasas, and Islamic institutions in the country. The theological faculty operates at Osh State University.
The second largest number of parishioners is the Orthodox Church. There are 42 Russian Orthodox churches and an Orthodox school registered in Kyrgyzstan. Christmas, along with Muslim holidays, is declared a non-working day in Kyrgyzstan.
The total number of believers: Sunni Muslims - 46%, Orthodox - 18%.
Other confessions are also represented in the country - such as Buddhism, Judaism and others, but the number of their parishioners is very small.
Population
The population of Kyrgyzstan is about 5.2 million people. The core of the population of Kyrgyzstan is the Kyrgyz - a people belonging to the Turkic group. The Kyrgyz live throughout the country and predominate in most rural areas. In addition to them, a significant part of the population is made up of Tajiks, Uighurs, Dungans and others. Among them, only slightly more than 1% are Russians and representatives of Russian-speaking diasporas.
Most of the population is concentrated in the valleys - Chuiskaya on the border with Kazakhstan and Fergana on the border with Uzbekistan, the valleys of the Naryn and Talas rivers, as well as in the Issyk-Kul basin.
Electricity
Emergency Phones
101 - Fire Department
102 - Police
103 - Ambulance
104 - Gas emergency service
Rescue Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - 161
Bishkek city information office - 262-317
Bishkek telephone information - 109
Russian Embassy in Bishkek, st. Razzakova, 17 - 62-47-38
Connection
Cellular communication of the GSM 900/1800 standard is developing extremely rapidly throughout the country. Coverage is limited to the capital and other major cities, but the network is expanding rapidly. The largest operators are Bitel Ltd (MEGACOM, code 502) and AkTel (CDMA, code 543).
The telephone system of Kyrgyzstan is controlled by the state company KyrgyzTelecom (www.kt.kg), which offers a full range of communication services. Street pay phones work with two types of phone cards, which can be purchased at shops, tobacconists, post offices and post offices. In addition, cellular communications, IP-telephony and network services are actively developing in the country. Internet cafes can be found in major cities and resorts. In the mountains, only satellite communications are available.
To call Kyrgyzstan, you need to dial 8 - 10 - 996 - area code - phone number.
To call Russia, you need to dial 007 - area code - phone number.
Codes of some cities: Batken - 3622, Bishkek - 312, Jalal-Abad (Jalal-Abad) - 3722, Kant - 3132, Karakol (Przhevalsk) - 3922, Min-Kush - 3559, Naryn - 3522, Osh - 3222, Talas - 3422, Tash-Kumyr - 3745, Toktogul - 3747, Tyup - 3945, Uzgen - 3233, Chui-Tokmok - 3138.
Currency exchange
The national currency of Kyrgyzstan is the som (S, KGS). One sum is 100 tiyins. There are banknotes in circulation in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 soms, as well as 1, 10, and 50 tyin. Coins in the country are not in use.
Som is the only legal tender on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic, although in practice US dollars and euros are accepted for payment or even required when paying for hotels or when organizing trekking and high-mountain ascents. The markets accept Russian rubles and currencies of neighboring Central Asian republics.
Banks in Kyrgyzstan are open from 9.00-9.30 to 17.00-17.30 from Monday to Friday, the day off is Saturday and Sunday.
Currency can be exchanged at bank offices, at currency exchange offices (usually open around the clock) and in many shops. Not only US dollars and euros are accepted for exchange, but also British pounds sterling, Russian rubles, Kazakh tenge, Uzbek soums, Chinese yuan and other types of currencies. It is preferable to exchange currency in the capital - in the provinces the rate is slightly lower. When exchanging US dollars, it is recommended to have new banknotes on hand - the old rate is noticeably lower everywhere, even in government institutions.
Visa
For Russians, entry to Kyrgyzstan does not require a visa. At the same time, for citizens of Russia, entry into the territory of Kyrgyzstan is possible only upon presentation of a passport and registration with the internal affairs bodies at the place of stay. Registration is valid for 3 months.
Citizens of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, as well as citizens of non-CIS countries, with the exception of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, North Korea, Macedonia, Malaysia (stay up to 1 month), Mongolia (stay up to 3 months), Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey (stay up to 1 month), Croatia and the Czech Republic, a visa is required to visit the Kyrgyz Republic.
If necessary, a visa can be obtained at the consulate or embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic. Citizens of the EU countries, USA, Canada and Israel can obtain a visa on arrival at the Manas airport in Bishkek.
Kyrgyz visas are of various types, depending on the purpose and duration of the applicant's stay in Kyrgyzstan: short-stay visa (type C), transit visa (type A and B), national visa (type D).
The most common Kyrgyz visas are the first type, namely the "short-stay visa type C". Such visas are tourist, business and guest - depending on the purpose of the applicant's trip to Kyrgyzstan.
Customs regulations
As a guest of Kyrgyzstan, usually at the airport, you must complete customs declarations. You must keep one copy of the declaration with you and keep it for the entire duration of your stay in Kyrgyzstan.
There are no restrictions on the import and export of national and foreign currency (all money and jewelry must be declared). The declaration must be kept before leaving the country.
Duty-free importation is allowed: alcoholic beverages (persons under 21 years old) 2 liters, cigarettes 200 pieces, motor gasoline, not counting fuel in the factory containers of these products - 20 liters for each motor vehicle moving under its own power; tyres, tires and tubes for tires for passenger cars - 2 pcs.; clothes made of genuine leather - 1 item (set); fur clothes - 1 item (set); carpets - 2 pcs.; hats made of natural fur - 1 item; crystal products - 3 items or 1 set (service); jewelry and other products made of precious metals, as well as products made of natural or cultured pearls - 2 items; audio and video equipment, televisions, refrigerators and other household appliances - 1 subject each; furniture - 1 set.
The import of drugs and strong medicines (without a prescription confirming the need for their use), weapons and ammunition, combustible and explosives, printed materials and video materials directed against the state system of Kyrgyzstan, as well as animals, fruits and vegetables without the appropriate permission of the Sanitary and country veterinary service.
It is forbidden to export certain foodstuffs, minerals and rocks without the permission of the relevant authorities, gold (declared) and precious stones.
Holidays and non-working days
Muslim holidays "Orozo Ait" and "Kurman Ait" are determined by the lunar calendar and are non-working days.
Transport
Near the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, is the international airport "Manas". Local planes fly from Bishkek to Osh (2 flights a day), to Batken (on Mondays, Wednesdays, Saturdays) and Jalal-Abad (on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Sundays). Local air tickets cost about 2000 soms each.
Due to the mountainous terrain, the development of rail transport is limited. The length of the railways is approx. 370 km. They are a continuation of the railways of neighboring states and in the north follow from Kazakhstan to Bishkek and further to Balykchy (formerly Rybachye) on the northwestern coast of Issyk-Kul, and from Uzbekistan to Osh and Jalal-Abad in the east of the Ferghana Valley. The main mode of transport is automobile. Road length - approx. 40 thousand km. The greatest density of their network is in the north, in the basin of Lake Issyk-Kul, and in the Ferghana Valley. Several strategically important roads have been laid in the Tien Shan mountains.
Fixed-route and private taxis remain the main way to travel around the country, their prices are moderate, usually the price is negotiated with the driver. You can ride them both in large cities and between cities. Often, this is the only way to get to the desired location.
Tips
Tips in Kyrgyzstan are included in the price of dishes, are strictly fixed (5-10 soms) or make up a certain percentage of the total order (usually 5-10%). But in general, here, in accordance with the Islamic canons of hospitality, tips are not accepted. In stores, prices are fixed and quite reasonable. It is possible and necessary to bargain in bazaars and markets, but it is quite difficult to bring down the price by more than 30%.
The shops
Shops are usually open from 08.00 to 17.00, some until 20.00, it is recommended to visit the markets in the morning, and the earlier the better. In most retail outlets in the country, prices are rigidly fixed, but it is customary to bargain in bazaars and private stores. Bazaars are the best place to experience local life. Here you can buy almost everything - from luxurious carpets and silks to fruits and spices, from traditional local crafts to clothes and shoes.
National cuisine
The cuisine of Kyrgyzstan, like any other Central Asian cuisine, is based on the wide use of meat, mainly lamb. Beshbarmak (finely chopped boiled meat of a young lamb, poured with broth and mixed with rectangular-shaped noodles boiled in this broth) and a thin oriental dish kulchetai (lamb boiled in large pieces, which are cut into wide thin slices, eat together) are prepared from it. with pieces of thinly rolled, boiled dough cut into squares), and the interpenetration of the cultures of Asian peoples replenished the culinary of Kyrgyzstan with shurpa and lagman.
Kyrgyz cuisine is related to Kazakh and has inherited many features of the common nomadic past of both peoples. Most dishes of Kyrgyz and Kazakh cuisine are completely identical to each other and are very similar or even the same in name. Characteristic features are the widest use of rice and spices, and boiled rather than fried meat is almost exclusively used, local chefs have special respect for horse meat (it used to be the most popular type of meat in the local diet), all kinds of dough dishes, sour-milk products and thick porridge-like soups, vegetables, especially radishes, turnips and legumes. Recently, horse meat has been replaced by beef and lamb, many borrowed recipes have appeared, but the Kyrgyz still prefer their ancient recipes.
Sausage made from horse meat with fat - chu-chuk is considered a delicacy.
Local cuisine in Kyrgyzstan is cheap and plentiful, European food is more expensive. The meal is usually served with cakes and tea in teapots, green or black. Tips in Kyrgyzstan are included in the price of dishes and are strictly fixed (5-10 soms) or make up a certain percentage of the total order (usually 5-10%). In the early days, you should be more careful, because traditional cuisine is dominated by fatty and heavy foods, which are unusual for Europeans.
A large place in the Kyrgyz national cuisine is occupied by flour products: biscuits such as brushwood (choimo tokoch), puff pastry (zhupka), which are put in hot milk and flavored with butter and cottage cheese, puff pastry in butter, sometimes with cream (kattama), fried in butter cakes, pancakes, etc. The favorite delicacy of the Kirghiz is also prepared from flour - boorsok - chopped pieces of rolled dough overcooked in oil. It should be noted that flour products are consumed mainly with tea.
The majority of Kyrgyz people prefer green "brick" tea. It is often cooked with milk, salt, pepper and flour fried in butter ("kuurma-choy") or milk, butter, salt and sour cream are added to get "atkan-choy" and "shir-choy" (with ayran). In southern Kyrgyzstan, green tea is preferred, and in the north, around the capital, black tea of a completely European look is in high demand.
From alcoholic drinks, locals prefer "dzarma" and "bozo" - drinks similar to beer made from barley and millet. Beer, vodka and brandy, both local and imported, are readily available in restaurants and shops.
Attractions
Kyrgyzstan has a rich history dating back to ancient times. There are more than 5,000 archaeological and architectural monuments of historical significance on the territory of the republic.
The geographical position of Kyrgyzstan, its remoteness from the seas and proximity to the deserts of Central and Central Asia, the significant elevation of the territories above sea level and the strong dissection of the relief predetermined the exceptional diversity and diversity of natural complexes. These are mountain rivers, picturesque alpine lakes, a variety of grandiose waterfalls, the highest peaks and peaks, bizarre rocks, numerous gorges, passes, healing springs, mysteriously tempting caves.
The beautiful Chui Valley is famous for its mountain rivers and extremely diverse natural and territorial complexes.
In the vicinity of the capital there are such natural objects as the beautiful Chunkurchak Gorge in the upper reaches of the Alamedin River, the nearby Alamedin thermal water deposit, the Chon-Aryk State Botanical Reserve in the Besh-Kyungei tract, the picturesque natural gorges of Kara-Balta, Aspara, Dzhilamish and Kegeti with its famous waterfall.
Nowhere else on the territory of Central Asia is there such a number of outlets of medicinal waters as in the Chui valley.
The sights of Kyrgyzstan are largely associated with civilizations that lived in this territory before the Kyrgyz. This is confirmed by the unique Buran settlement, where you can admire the thousand-year-old 20-meter tower, which was twice as high before the earthquake that damaged it. In addition to the tower, ruins of buildings and sections of the double fortress wall remained in the settlement. A number of reserves have been created, as well as the natural national park Ala-Archa.
Kyrgyzstan attracts tourists not only with the comfort of its hotels near Issyk-Kul and in cities, but also with its geographical location and financial availability.
Resorts
Ak-Suu The mineral water deposit is located in the gorge of the same name, 80 km. southwest of the village of Belovodskoye. The local mineral water belongs to carbonic low-mineralized, hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium narzan, and in its chemical composition it is similar to the mineral water of the famous Siberian resort Dara-Suna.
Lake Issyk-Kul incredibly beautiful. The Russian traveler P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, who visited the lake, compared it with Lake Geneva in Switzerland, and preferred Issyk-Kul. Issyk-Kul has long been considered enchanted by the local population. Before the arrival of Russian settlers here at the end of the 19th century, practically no one swam or fished in it. The great transparency of the rivers flowing into the lake and the bright sun change the color of the Issyk-Kul water from pale blue to dark blue tones, depending on the place and time of day. There are about 20 picturesque bays and coves here. The swimming season lasts 6 months. The water temperature in summer reaches +24 C, in winter - +4 C. Crystal clear water, mineral springs, combined with mountain and at the same time mild, almost maritime climate, create unique conditions for a spa holiday with mud and thermal treatment.
Ski base "Karakol"(2300 m) is located in the gorge, 7 km from the city of Karakol. The season is from the end of October to the end of April. At the base there are 7 lifts, ski and snowboard rental, services of instructors and guides through the winter forest. You can ride snowmobiles. The base is regularly used by the sports school for training.
Ski center "Kashka-Suu" located in a wide tract on the northern slopes of the Kirghiz Range. To Bishkek - 35 km. Altitude above sea level - 2000 m. 6 slopes with a height difference from 260 to 380 m, chairlift and towing cable cars. On the territory: a skating rink, a billiard room, a sauna, a bar and a cafe. There is equipment rental, instructor services are provided. The tracks are processed by snow groomers, but there are quite a lot of small stones on the slopes, which can create difficulties when skiing on snow that is not fresh.
Karakol, lying at the eastern end of the lake, is the main city in the region and the best "base" for exploring the lakeside, Terskey-Alatau and the central Tien Shan. This is a relatively small city, famous for its apple orchards and Sunday market - one of the best in Central Asia. In Karakol, it is better to rent accommodation from local residents (at the bus station you will be offered a wide variety of options for a small price) than in an official hotel. This will allow you to "directly" get acquainted with the life of the city and the life of local residents, and will also remove many everyday issues, since the area of Lake Issyk-Kul has long been closed to foreigners, and many issues related to staying here are still regulated enough. not clear.
Although Bishkek is the capital of Kyrgyzstan, it can be considered a resort. Moreover, both skiing (Chontash station) and balneological (thermal springs).
Due to the fact that about 93% of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains, there are excellent conditions for skiing. Snow lies from November to March, and in the highlands it is year-round. The weather in the area of most mountain resorts is usually mild, with a lot of sunny days, so the ski season lasts from late October - December to early April, and skiing on ice fields is possible all year round.
Tourist center "Oruu-Sai"(2100 m) is located in the tract of the same name, 35 km from Bishkek. Trails of different difficulty levels are served by three cable cars. There is a rental of equipment, instructors work, skiing competitions for different age groups are held. A comfortable hotel with a sauna, a bar, a restaurant, and table tennis has been built in the tourist center.
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brief information
Until now, Kyrgyzstan remains a little-known country for most foreigners. However, this country has an ancient nomadic history, picturesque Tien Shan mountains, Issyk-Kul lake, mineral and thermal springs, medieval caravanserais, and even ski resorts.
Geography
Kyrgyzstan is located in Central Asia. In the north, Kyrgyzstan borders on Kazakhstan, in the east - on China, in the west - on Uzbekistan, and in the southwest - on Tajikistan. There is no access to the sea. The total area of this country is 198,500 sq. km., and the total length of the state border is 3,878 km.
More than 80% of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is located in the Tien Shan mountain system. In the southwest of the country there is the Pamir-Alay mountain system, and in the north and southwest there are the fertile Fergana and Chui valleys. The highest point is Pobeda Peak, whose height reaches 7,439 meters.
In the northeast in the Tien Shan mountains is Lake Issyk-Kul, the second largest mountain lake in the world (Lake Titicaca is in first place).
Capital of Kyrgyzstan
The capital of Kyrgyzstan is Bishkek, which is now home to more than 900 thousand people. According to archeology, people lived on the territory of modern Bishkek from about the 7th century AD.
Official language
There are two official languages in Kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyz (has the status of a state language), belonging to the Kypchak group of Turkic languages, and Russian (has the status of an official language).
Religion
About 80% of the population of Kyrgyzstan profess Islam, and about 17% are Orthodox Christians.
State structure of Kyrgyzstan
According to the current Constitution of 2010, Kyrgyzstan is a parliamentary republic. Its head is the President, elected for 6 years.
The unicameral parliament in Kyrgyzstan is called the Supreme Council, it consists of 120 deputies elected for 5 years.
The main political parties in Kyrgyzstan are Ata-Jurt, SDPK, Ar-Namys, Respublika and Ata-Meken.
Climate and weather
The climate in Kyrgyzstan is very diverse, from sharply continental to maritime, due to the presence of mountains. The maritime climate is typical for the north-east of the country, where Issyk-Kul Lake is located. In the foothill towns in summer the average air temperature is +30-35C.
It is best to travel in the north of Kyrgyzstan from June to September, and in the south - from March to October. Traveling through the small mountains is best from April to June, when numerous flowers bloom there.
Mountain passes are blocked by snow from November to April (sometimes even May). The ski season starts in November and lasts until April.
Rivers and lakes
Several thousand rivers flow through the territory of Kyrgyzstan. Most of them are not big. The longest of them is the Naryn River, whose sources are in the Tien Shan mountains.
Issyk-Kul Lake, the second largest mountain lake in the world, is located in the northeast of Kyrgyzstan in the Tien Shan mountains.
culture
The culture of Kyrgyzstan is traditional for nomads. Islam had a significant influence on it, because. Kirghiz are Muslims. Until now, the Kyrgyz retain their ancient customs, especially in rural areas.
In order to really get to know the Kyrgyz culture, we recommend tourists to visit the jailoo in the summer (this is the name of the high mountain pasture in Kyrgyzstan, it is located at an altitude of 2500-3000 meters above sea level).
Kyrgyz celebrate Muslim holidays - Navrus, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha. All these and other holidays are accompanied by traditional Kyrgyz games, music, dance and theatrical performances.
Cuisine of Kyrgyzstan
The cuisine of Kyrgyzstan was formed under the influence of Uzbek, Russian, Chinese culinary traditions. The main food products are meat, rice, noodles, dairy products, vegetables. Meat occupies a central place in Kyrgyz cuisine. The fact is that the Kyrgyz used to be nomads, and therefore they did not grow vegetables and fruits (now the situation has changed, of course).
In Kyrgyzstan, we recommend tourists to try plov, shorpa soup, beshbarmak (lamb meat with noodles), Kuiruk-boor (boiled lamb), Kuurdak (small pieces of fried lamb or veal with onions and spices), Lagman (spicy stew with vegetables), "Manty" (steamed dumplings with lamb), "Oromo" (roll with meat or vegetables).
Traditional non-alcoholic drinks - tea, coffee, koumiss from mare's milk. Koumiss can be easily bought by travelers between May and August right on the side of the road.
Sights of Kyrgyzstan
According to official data, there are several thousand historical, architectural and archaeological monuments in Kyrgyzstan. So, only in the Issyk-Kul region there are more than 1500 historical monuments. The top 10 best Kyrgyz attractions, in our opinion, may include the following:
- Mausoleum of Kumbez-Manas
- Ken-Kol burial grounds
- Armenian monastery near Issyk-Kul
- "Royal mound" in the Issyk-Kul region
- Caravanserai Tash-Rabat in the mountains of the Tyag-Shan
- Mausoleum of Shah-Fazil near Osh
- Petroglyphs in the Saimaluu-Tash Gorge
- Turkic statues of Kyr-Jol near Song-Kol Lake
- Petroglyphs of Mount Suleiman
- Madrasah of Osh
Cities and resorts
The largest cities in Kyrgyzstan are Jalal-Abad, Karakol, Osh, Naryn, Balykchy, Naryn, and, of course, Bishkek.
Kyrgyzstan has no access to the sea, but in this country there are many rivers and lakes. The largest lake is Issyk-Kul, which is a popular place for the Kyrgyz to relax in the summer. The swimming season lasts from May to October. In summer, the average water temperature in Issyk-Kul is +24C.
There are many sources of mineral and thermal waters in Kyrgyzstan. The most famous of them are the Ak-Suu, Alamudun and Issyk-Ata deposits.
In the Chui valley, there are Lugovskoye and Kamyshanovskoye weakly mineralized hydrogen sulfide deposits of therapeutic mud.
Because Since almost the entire territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains, it is not surprising that this country has good opportunities for ski holidays. Good mountain centers are located near Bishkek and near Lake Issyk-Kul. The ski season runs from November to April.
Souvenirs/Shopping
Tourists from Kyrgyzstan usually bring folk art, wood products (for example, chess), children's felt toys, felt hats, sheep wool carpets, chests, caskets, women's handbags, scarves, Kyrgyz robes.
Kyrgyzstan
Flag, emblem, anthem of Kyrgyzstan. Photo of Kyrgyzstan, map of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is one of the most picturesque places in Central Asia, more than two thirds of its territory is occupied by mountains, which is manifested in the diversity of climate, natural landscapes, flora and fauna. Having been here, you will discover the country of snow-capped mountains, enjoy the view of the harsh peaks of the Tien Shan, bathed in the sun. Wild nature with majestic waterfalls and turbulent mountain rivers flowing into lakes with crystal clear water will amaze you with its beauty. The pearl of Kyrgyzstan - Lake Issyk-Kul, non-freezing all year round, will shock your imagination. Until now, many amazing places and monuments of ancient civilizations have been perfectly preserved on the territory of Kyrgyzstan; sacred mountain Suleiman ("Solomon") in Osh, the world's largest relict walnut forests Arslan Baba, hot healing springs with thermal waters in Jalalabat, Tash Rabat caravanserai, Burana tower, the world's largest accumulations of rock paintings Saimaluu Tash.
By visiting Kyrgyzstan, you will be able to follow the roads of the Great Silk Road, plunge into the unforgettable world of wildlife and unexplored routes, as well as get acquainted with the traditions and customs of the hospitable Kyrgyz people.
general information
Location: northeast of Central Asia.Coordinates: 41° 00" North, 75° 00" East.
Square: 198.5 sq. km. 94% of the country is occupied by mountains. The average height is 2750 m above sea level.
Population: 5,663,100 people (February 2013)
Composition of the population: Kyrgyz - 72%, Russians - 6.9%, Uzbeks - 14.3%, Kazakhs, Tajiks, Uighurs and other nationalities - 7%.
Capital of Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek
Language: Kyrgyz is the state language, Russian is the official and main language of communication.
Religion: Islam - 75%, Orthodoxy - 20%, other religions - 5%.
Time: Grivinch + 5 hours.
Electricity: 220 V AC, 50 A; standard double plug socket
Internet zone:.kg
National currency: The som (100 tyiyn) fluctuates around $1 = 46.5 soms against the dollar.
Best time to travel: May - October
State symbols
Flag of the Republic of KyrgyzstanProportions: 1:2. It is a red cloth. In the center is an image of the sun in yellow. A symbolic image of a Kyrgyz yurt is placed on the sun.
Adopted in 1992. The red color of the flag symbolizes valor and courage. The sun personifies peace and wealth, and the image of the yurt is a symbol of the Motherland and the world.
Emblem of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan
The coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan is the official state symbol of the Kyrgyz Republic; was developed by A. Abdraev and S. Dubanaev and approved on January 14, 1994 by a resolution of the Jogorku Kenesh.
In the center of the coat of arms against the background of Lake Issyk-Kul and the spurs of Ala-Too, over which the sun rises, there is an image of a white falcon with outstretched wings, symbolizing the freedom and independence of Kyrgyzstan. The silhouette of the sun is a symbol of life, wealth and abundance. Note that this element is given the main place in state symbols. The peaks of the mountains, illuminated by the sun, are similar to the Kyrgyz national headdress "kalpak".
In the worldview of nomads, a special place is occupied by the steppe eagle or golden eagle. In the language of symbolism, the silhouette of an eagle means state power, breadth and insight. For the steppes, this is a symbol of freedom, independence, striving for a goal, for heights, a flight into the future. On the coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan, this is the gyrfalcon "Ak-Shumkar" of Manas.
Geographical position
The Kyrgyz Republic is located in the northeast of Central Asia, occupying part of the Tien Shan and the northern chains of the Pamir-Altai. The borders pass mainly along natural boundaries - the ridges of high mountain ranges and rivers, only in some places they descend to the plains of the Chui, Talas and Fergana valleys.Kyrgyzstan borders: in the north - with Kazakhstan, in the west and northwest - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan and in the south and southeast - with China (the length of the border is 1049 km). The total length of the borders of Kyrgyzstan is 4503 km. The total area of the republic is 198.5 km2. 94% of the country is occupied by mountains. The average height is 2750 m above sea level.
The territory of the Kyrgyz Republic stretches from west to east for 900 km, from north to south for 410 km and lies approximately between 39° and 43° north latitude. The most highly elevated part of the territory of the republic is located on its eastern outskirts. Here, in the mountain junction bordering China, the highest points of the entire Tien Shan mountain system rise - Pobeda Peak (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m). From here, the ridges fan out to the west and southwest, creating separate parallel chains, extending mainly in the latitudinal direction up to 300-400 km. On the extreme southern border of the republic with Tajikistan, the highest Chon-Alai (Zaalai) ridge stands out, where the second highest peak of Kyrgyzstan is located - Lenin Peak (7134 m).
The complex structure of the mountain relief and the diversity of environmental conditions have led to a wide variety of soil and vegetation cover and wildlife in Kyrgyzstan. On its territory there are deserts, steppes, meadows, forests, bushes, swamps, mountain tundra and other types of vegetation.
The Kyrgyz Republic has a huge supply of water resources. There are more than 28,000 rivers and sources in the 7 largest river basins, 90% of which are 10 km long. Among them there are rivers with high water levels. For example, the Naryn River with a length of more than 500 kilometers.
There are more than 2,000 lakes and artificial reservoirs in the Kyrgyz Republic. Lakes occupy 3.4% of the territory. About 90% of them are alpine dams and closed lakes. Sary-Chelek is located on the southwestern slope of the Chatkal ridge, at an altitude of 1873.9 m above sea level, and is a biosphere reserve.
Alpine Lake Issyk-Kul is located inside the Tien Shan Mountains, at the bottom of a huge tectonic depression, at an altitude of 1606.7 m above sea level. The lake is surrounded by mountains Teskey - Ala-Too in the south and Kungei Ala-Too in the north, Lake Issyk-Kul differs from other lakes in geographical, climatic and hydrological conditions. The shape of the lake resembles a trapezoid with its base facing north. According to recent studies, the length of the lake is 178 km, width - 60.1 km; area - 6236 km 2, coastline length - 688 km, maximum depth - 669 m, average depth - 278.4 m. The lake is incredibly beautiful. For this reason, it is called the "Pearl of Kyrgyzstan". Great transparency and bright sun change the color of Issyk-Kul lake water from pale blue to dark blue tones. In winter, the water temperature is +4.2°С +5.0°С. In July and August, the upper layers of water are heated up to +18°С +24°С. Kyrgyzstan is one of the largest regions in which there is a system of modern mountain glaciers, their total area occupies 8100 km 2 or 4.2% of the territory of the Republic.
3/4 of the total area of glaciers belongs to the river basin of the Syrdarya and Tarim rivers, their main centers are located in the far west, in the Sary-Jaz basin, where the largest valley of glaciers is located (Southern Enelchek, 60.5 km long, Kaiyndy - 29.0 km ), as well as the mountains Teskey Ala-Too, Kashaal-Too, Ak-Shayryk, Chon-Alai. The Tien Shan mountains have flat-topped glaciers. Fresh water reserves are approximately 650 billion m 3 , which is equal to 12 river resources of the entire republic.
Main cities: Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic (about 900,000 inhabitants); Osh - west of Kyrgyzstan (about 300,000 inhabitants), Karakol - Issyk-Kul region (about 64,000 inhabitants). The cities of Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Batken are also regional centers.
Climate: The climate is sharply continental, only in the Issyk-Kul basin it approaches the sea.
The average temperature in January is -4 o C -14 o C, the average temperature in July is +17 o C +38 o C.
Access: Kyrgyz Airlines (flights from/to Moscow, Istanbul, Hannover, Frankfurt, Delhi), Uzbekistan Airways, Aeroflot, Turkish Airlines, British Airways.
National holidays:
January 1 - New Year
January 7 - Orthodox Christmas
March 21 - Nooruz
May 1 - International Workers' Day
May 5 - Constitution Day
May 9 - Victory Day
August 31 - Independence Day
Muslim holidays:
"Orozo Ait"
"Kurman Ait"
They are determined by the lunar calendar and are non-working days.
Political structure: Since 1991 the Kyrgyz Republic has been an independent sovereign state. Power is based on the principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers. Supreme power in Kyrgyzstan belongs to the President and the bicameral Parliament.
More about the state structure of Kyrgyzstan >>>
Currency: Kyrgyz som. One som includes 100 tyiyns. Put into circulation on May 10, 1993. To date, the som is represented by ten denominations of banknotes: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000. Kyrgyzstan is the first CIS country to approve its own currency.
The local currency is the only legal tender, although in practice US dollars and Euros can be accepted or even required in some cases when paying for hotels or organizing trekking and high mountain climbing.
Currency exchange: Foreign currency can be exchanged at commercial banks and currency exchange offices. It is preferable to exchange currency in the capital - in the provinces the rate is somewhat lower. Also, some banks accept travelers checks, but they charge a high percentage of commission. The most widely accepted for exchange are American dollars. Credit cards are accepted at banks and some large hotels in Bishkek. Banks are open from 9:00 to 17:00 from Monday to Friday, closed on Saturday and Sunday.
Visa system: There is a general mandatory visa regime. Exception for the CIS countries, except for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. A visa is not required for holders of diplomatic passports of industrialized countries. Compared to other countries of the Central Asian region, the Kyrgyz Republic (hereinafter referred to as the KR) has the most liberal visa regime. Visas for entry into the Kyrgyz Republic are issued at diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Kyrgyz Republic abroad, and in countries where there are no foreign missions of the Kyrgyz Republic - at diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.
More about visa support for entry to Kyrgyzstan >>>
Features of customs control: There are no restrictions on the import and export of national and foreign currency. The only rule is that all money must be included in the declaration. Goods worth no more than $5,000 can be imported duty-free. It is forbidden to import drugs and strong medicines (without a prescription confirming the need for their use), weapons and ammunition, printed materials and video materials that are contrary to the norms of Islam. It is forbidden to export certain foodstuffs, minerals and rocks without the permission of the relevant authorities, gold (declared) and precious stones.
The shops: Prices in shops are fixed, but prices in bazaars are negotiable. Bishkek has many bazaars selling food and handicrafts. There are also a large number of exhibitions and sales of works of art, where you can buy cheap paintings and traditional Kyrgyz products (clothing, carpets, chess, etc.).
Drinking water: in all stores you can find bottled drinking and mineral water. The Kyrgyz Republic is one of the few countries with excellent natural drinking water, which can be drunk from city water supply taps.
Medical services: Every city has both private and public hospitals. Call an ambulance 103 (providing medical assistance is free).
Mail and phone: All telephone conversations are paid. There are post offices in all settlements. You can call from hotels and boarding houses, as well as from your room, in cases where you have a direct telephone. But it is more convenient and economical to use payphones. Plastic cards for them are sold at all post offices and points of sale of KYRGYZTELECOM. You have the option to buy download cards for GSM phones and use a local carrier with a local phone number. There are two cellular communication standards GSM and TDMA in the Republic. International telephone service - 162, telegram reception by telephone - 106, long-distance telephone service - 107, reference exchange - 109.
Transport: Travel in any form of transport is paid in cash. The fare for buses within the city is about $0.1, from Bishkek to the coast of Issyk-Kul about $3.5. Minibus taxis are convenient and economical, fares in which exceed bus fares by 20-50%. The use of non-route taxis within the city and between settlements is relatively expensive.
Sun: For guests, the sun can bring an unpleasant surprise, so we recommend using protective creams at least in the first days to avoid sunburn.
How to dress: In Kyrgyzstan, the climate is quite hot in summer, but the humidity is not very high, so the heat is well tolerated. In summer you will feel cozy in light clothes made of cotton and light materials. But in Issyk-Kul and in the mountains it can be quite cool in the evenings, so we advise you to stock up on light jackets and sweaters for evening walks and for long-distance excursions.
Official name: Republic of Kyrgyzstan
Location: Kyrgyzstan is located in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan in the west, Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the southeast. Most of the country is occupied by mountains, and most of the central part of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by the Tien Shan mountains. Thanks to this, Kyrgyzstan is famous as a stunningly beautiful place that is the best suited for hiking and outdoor recreation. Kyrgyzstan has no access to the seas and oceans, but still, an ideal beach holiday is possible here thanks to the shores of the warm lake Issyk-Kul. Summers in Kyrgyzstan are quite hot, averaging around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) – excellent conditions for swimming and relaxing in the mountains. With winter, it gets colder and snow falls, thanks to which residents and guests of Kyrgyzstan devote themselves to all kinds of winter sports, such as skiing. Tourists in this country fully experience the famous Central Asian hospitality and immerse themselves in Kyrgyz culture. The longest epic poem in the world, the Manas epic plays a significant role in Kyrgyz culture and is represented in many sights and monuments.
The Kyrgyz Republic stretches for 900 km from east to west and 410 km from north to south and is located between 39° and 43°N. The total area is almost 200 thousand square meters. km.
Land borders: 4,573 km
China 1063 km, Kazakhstan 1212 km, Tajikistan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1314 km
Population: About 6 million people
Bishkek: 900,000
Osh: 210,000
Jalal-Abad: 70,000
Karakol: 65,000
Tokmok: 60,000
Capital: Bishkek is the political, economic and administrative center of Kyrgyzstan, as well as a place of historical and cultural significance. The city is home to many government agencies, diplomatic missions and international organizations. Bishkek was founded in 1878 and has been the capital since 1926. There are many parks and cafes, as well as museums and shopping centers. In 2015, about a million people lived in Bishkek.
Language: The state language is Kyrgyz, Russian is the official language. Many business and political meetings are held in Russian, while Kyrgyz is widely spoken throughout the country and is the language of parliament. In the eastern part of the country, Uzbek is predominantly spoken. In the Kyrgyz language, a modified Cyrillic alphabet is adopted for writing. Pupils can choose to attend a Russian, Kyrgyz or Uzbek school.
Kyrgyz is part of the Turkic group of languages, it is similar to the Kazakh and Karakalpak languages and very remotely with other Turkic languages - Turkish, Uzbek, Turkmen and Uighur. Many people in Kyrgyzstan speak two or more languages.
Religion: Approximately 80% of the population are Muslims, another 15% are Orthodox, and the remaining 5% profess other religions. However, religious beliefs do not dominate everyday life, but rather are part of the culture and linked to ethnicity and traditions. Religion, especially Islam, began to play a larger role in public and political life after gaining independence from the atheistic Soviet Union. The government of Kyrgyzstan is secular, although it controls and imposes some restrictions on religious organizations.
Political system: Unitary parliamentary republic.
Government bodies: Parliament (Jogorku Kenesh). The head of government is the prime minister; the head of state is the President.
Administrative-territorial division: Kyrgyzstan is divided into 7 regions: Batken, Osh, Jalal-Abad, Naryn, Issyk-Kul, Chui and Talas; and 2 cities of republican significance - Bishkek and Osh.
Currency: The national currency is the Kyrgyz som, it is equal to 100 tyiyns. Banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 soms, as well as coins of 1, 3, 5 and 10 soms are in circulation. Tyiyns are rarely used.
National symbols: Flag of Kyrgyzstan, coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz flag: A red rectangle, in the center of which there is a solar disk with forty rays diverging around it. Inside the solar disk is a tyundyuk - the top of the Kyrgyz yurt - which symbolizes the father's house and the universe. 40 sunbeams symbolize 40 ancient tribes of Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyz coat of arms: The emblem depicts a falcon spreading its wings over the Kyrgyz lands and the Tien Shan mountains, as well as the rising sun. The predominant color on the coat of arms is light blue, it symbolizes courage and generosity.
Chui area
Chui region is located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic.
It borders in the north and west with Kazakhstan, in the south - with Naryn region, in the east - with Issyk-Kul region, in the south-west - with Talas region. The region occupies the Chui and Chon-Kemin valleys, the slopes of the mountains of the Kyrgyz, Zaili and Kungei Ala-Too. It is located at an altitude of 550-4895 meters above sea level.
The total occupied area is 20.19 thousand sq.
km population - 772.0 thousand people. (01/01/2000), population density - 38.24 people. for 1 km. Over the past 10 years, the population of the region has decreased by 18.5 thousand people, or by 2.4%, mainly due to the migration of residents of the region outside of Kyrgyzstan. The region is rich in minerals: chromium, nickel, ores of lead and zinc, gold, bismuth, rare earth elements, as well as non-metallic minerals: halite, mineral abolite, gypsum, talc, etc.
There are 4 large reservoirs: Kara-Balta, Sokuluk, Ala-Archa, Chemyuch and a network of small ones. A cascade of hydroelectric power stations was built on the Chui River and the Big Chuisky Canal. Favorable climatic conditions, production resources and developed infrastructure have led to a higher socio-economic level of the region compared to other regions.
The region is the most economically developed region of the republic, has a large production potential; large industrial enterprises of various sectors of the economy are concentrated here. This is one of those regions where the volume of industrial production exceeds agricultural.
In terms of industrial development, the Chui region ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of production per capita, the region's indicators are higher than the national average. It is the most developed industrial region with a high concentration of production and high labor productivity. The enterprises of the region are among the largest in the country.
In the region there is the Kyrgyz mining plant, which works for the export of Kyrgyz gold; Bakai JSC, Kant cement-slate plant, Tokmok sheet glass plant, Keminsky cable plant, Keminsky ETZ, Koshoi JSC, Kainda sugar plant, etc. Due to the lack of natural moisture in the flat part of the Chui Valley, agricultural production is based on irrigated agriculture, for which favorable conditions are created by spring-summer floods, and only 15-20% of irrigated lands are watered by irrigation systems. The region has a large potential for arable land (33.5%) in the total land resource of the republic.
The soil and climatic conditions of the Chui Valley are favorable not only for growing sugar beet, alfalfa, vegetables and gourds, but also suitable for growing rice, cotton, and mulberry. The region is the absolute leader in the turnover of the most important types of products.
In terms of exports, it ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of imports, it ranks second (after Bishkek).
Naryn region
Area - 47.2 thousand m2
Population - 267,564 thousand people (population census 1999)
Naryn region is located in the southeastern part of the Kyrgyz Republic, in the very center of the Asian continent.
The region borders on China, Chui, Jalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. A significant part of the territory is mountain ranges, the climate is continental, arid, several natural and climatic zones can be observed: at an altitude of 1400-1600 m above sea level desert, 1600-1800 m semi-desert, 1800-2000 m steppe, 2500-4000 m subalpine and alpine belts , above 4000 m there is a zone of eternal snow. In the Naryn region there are more than 5000 rivers and a stream.
The high-mountain part of the ranges is occupied by glaciers, which give rise to many rivers that go far beyond the borders of the region, such is the Chu River, which irrigates the fields of the Chui Valley, the beginning of the Tarim River in China. Naryn is the main water artery of the Kyrgyz Republic, the main component of the river.
The Syr Darya is the second river in Central Asia after the Amu Darya. Its length is 807 km, the height difference is 1,715 meters, which determines its high potential energy, which is promising and attractive for the construction of a hydroelectric power station. In terms of hydropower reserves, the NARYN River is included in the top ten rivers of the CIS countries.
Only the Naryn River and its tributaries can produce 36.475 billion kWh of electricity per year. About 600 small and large rivers flow into it. To date, the At-Bashi HPP of low capacity operates.
Republic of Kyrgyzstan
It is planned to build another 6 HPPs of medium capacity. Further construction of HPPs on the Tien Shan rivers has great prospects and reserves for the development of micro HPPs and energy in the Kyrgyz Republic. There are numerous alpine lakes in the region. The largest of them are SON-KOL, CHATYR-KOL.
Batken region
The Batken region was formed in October 1999 with the regional center Batken, 230 km.
The territory of Batken region is 16995 sq. km. Batken, Kadamzhai and Leilek districts and the cities of Kyzyl-Kiya and Sulukta are located on the territory of the region. The territory of the region covers the wide expanses of the Ferghana Valley, the foothills of the Turkestan and Alai Ranges, the valleys of the Isfairam-Sai, Shaimerden, Ak-Suu, Sokh, Isfara, Kara-Suu and Leilek rivers, which supply water to the main irrigation system.
The region borders on the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Leninabad region of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The climate is continental, with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The average air temperature is +27°C in July and -3°C in January. The average annual rainfall is 200-500mm.
Natural and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of all branches of agriculture.
people of which: labor resources 187.3 thousand people, the number of economically active population 124.64 thousand people, including 115.9 thousand people employed in all sectors of the economy. Representatives of 60 nations and nationalities, ethnic groups live in the region.
As of January 1, 2000 in Batken oblast, the number of economic legal entities and individuals amounted to 7599 units, and in comparison with the state as of January 1, 1999.
increased by 969 units, or 14.6%. Their largest share is registered in agriculture - 3157 units (51.5%), trade and public catering - 2844 (37.4%), industry - 533 (7.0%), transport and communications - 301 (4.1 %).
2.2% of economic entities are in state ownership, 2.0% in communal ownership and 95.8% in private ownership.
Batken region is rich in mineral deposits, such as antimony, mercury, coal, gold, silver, tantalum, oil and gas.
There are large reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials.
The priority direction of the economic growth of the region is the development and modernization of the processing and food industries, which is based on the processing of local raw materials.
Issues related to the creation of joint ventures, the introduction of the latest technologies, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities, the formation of a favorable investment climate to attract foreign and domestic investment, to enter the world market with competitive products, are being addressed, for this purpose it is planned to create free economic and customs zones on the territory of Batken region.
Issyk-Kul region
There are 5 districts, 63 rural councils in the region.
The population is about 410 thousand people.
The HDI value for the region, according to the data for 1998, was 0.70, for its growth during 1995-98. mainly influenced by the increase in GRP due to the implementation of the Kumtor project. In general, in terms of the level of per capita regional product in terms of PPP, the region ranks 3rd in the country, second only to Bishkek and Chui region. However, it should be noted that the gold mining industry, which only partly belongs to the regional economy, has a very large share in this indicator.
In the structure of the regional economy, the share of the service sector is also relatively high (due to the resort area).
The development of transport infrastructure is of great importance for the future of the regional economy.
In most transport schemes, the region occupies the end places, as it is limited by high mountain ranges. Two road projects are usually cited as priorities in this plan. The first is a road that directly connects the east of the region with South-East Kazakhstan. The improvement of this transport corridor could make it much easier for local products to reach important export markets. The second one is the shortest route from the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan), the most important external tourist market, to the resort area of the region (construction has already begun, but there are not enough funds to build a high-quality road).
Issyk-Kul Lake is a unique natural wealth of the region.
Its preservation is not only the preservation of the natural environment for people's lives, but also the key to the further development of the tourism industry.
Osh region
There are 4 districts in the region. The population is over 1170 thousand people.
About a third of the population of the republic lives in the Osh region (the population of one Kara-Suu region is more than 270 thousand people).
people, which exceeds the population of Talas and Naryn regions). Here is the second largest city in the country - Osh (more than a quarter of a million inhabitants). The region is part of the Ferghana Valley, a region of ancient culture.
The city of Osh will soon celebrate its 3000th anniversary. The region has many mineral resources and good conditions for growing cotton, vegetables and fruits. Nevertheless, agrarian overpopulation, unfavorable location in relation to the main existing communication routes and the least advanced industrialization cause the region to lag behind in most indicators of human development.
The main direction of overcoming the backlog of the region is to accelerate the development of its economy.
For this, the most important conditions are the improvement of the transport infrastructure, primarily the roads Bishkek - Osh and Osh - Sary-Tash - Irkeshtam, and the overcoming of customs and other border barriers to the development of trade relations in the region.
An important role in this regard can be played by regional integration and cooperation within the Fergana region.
We can talk about certain specific features of the mentality, culture and lifestyle of the population of the region. Many districts of the region gravitate towards the traditional way of life, which was formed in the ancient center of civilization - the Ferghana Valley.
Jalal-Abad region
There are 8 districts and 75 rural administrations in the region, the population is about 870 thousand people.
The region belongs to the southern region of the country. On the other hand, it also has such features as a fairly developed industrial sector, which includes all the major hydroelectric power plants in the country, almost all oil and gas production, oil refining, and the largest enterprises in the electrical and semiconductor industries.
Despite the fact that the region belongs to the Fergana region, which has ancient traditions of efficient agriculture. Therefore, for the development of this area, the ongoing project for the reconstruction of the Bishkek-Osh highway is of paramount importance.
Talas region
There are 4 districts and 36 rural administrations in the region.
The Talas region occupies 6% of the total territory of the republic and is the most sparsely populated (about 200 thousand people).
Far from the main economically developed regions and small, the region is traditionally agrarian.
Favorable natural conditions and high availability of land are the prerequisites for the fact that in terms of per capita agricultural production, the region is second only to the Chui region. The industry is represented mainly by small processing enterprises. The main markets for agricultural products are the border regions of Kazakhstan and the Chui region. In economic development, it is associated with the Jerooy gold mining project.
Talas region as a whole is a prosperous region in terms of the state of the environment.
Land border crossing points of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan has borders with four countries - Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. On the border with each country, Kyrgyzstan has checkpoints with a certain mode of operation.
Some checkpoints are remote from settlements (for example, near the Kyzyl-Art, Torugart, Irkeshtam mountain passes), and therefore it is recommended to book a transfer to / from the border in advance.
Kyrgyzstan - General Information
Double check that you have all the required documents. Check out the list of border crossing points in Kyrgyzstan, their names and approximate opening hours, but please note that opening hours may change from time to time.
Kyrgyzstan - Kazakhstan
| Name of the checkpoint and location in Kyrgyzstan | Checkpoint name and location in Kazakhstan | Working mode |
| Ak-Jol - road Chui region, Kordai village |
Korday - road |
24 hours |
| Chaldabar - road Chui region, Panfilovsky district |
Aisha Bibi-Road Jambyl Region |
|
| Ak-Tilek - road Chui region, Issyk-Ata district |
Karasu - road Jambyl Region |
Daylight hours, until 18:00 |
| Karkyra – road* Issyk-Kul region, Tyup district |
Kegen - road Alma-Ata's region |
Daylight hours, until 18:00 |
| Chon-Kapka Manas district, Talas region |
Zhibek Zholy Kordai district, Zhambyl region |
Daylight hours, until 18:00 |
*The checkpoint is open seasonally, from May to September/October.
Kyrgyzstan - China
*Checkpoints are closed on Saturday, Sunday and public holidays in China.
Checkpoints on the Chinese side operate according to Chinese time.
Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan
*The checkpoint is closed for tourists.
Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan
Economic Geography of Egemend Kyrgyzstanstown
Barakelde — Geography of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan is destiny. Kyrgyzstan and Aimaginin Turttin is an inactive gunsmith. Beyiktigi 7439 was published in the list of countries and countries of Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyndyn Aimagi Ekito Sisteasynyn Ailanasynda Zhaygashkan. Ayanty boyncha chyo tandyk-chygysh blygg Tien-Shanga kiret. Tүstүk-batish taraba Pamir-Alay tooloruna karit. Kyrgyzstan and a Muslim checks Aralya too much kirkalar arkiluu өtөt.
Republican Bardyk is 401 meters away.
An abundance of 1000 to 3000 to 3000 tons of cheese is more than 4000 metric treasured heibins. In addition, Kirkalars aymaktyn tөrttөn bir bөlүgүn eeleyt Jean are casually thrifty punishing Beery-Birina zhanasha uzatasynan zhaygashkan.
Chygyshta Tien Shandyn negizgi Too much kyrkalary basymduu kyrkasyn tүzүp LLP, TOO Meridiandyk kyrkasynyn rayonunda zhakyndashyp ketet.
Bull-pole Kytay, Kazakhstan chekteshken zherlerde Zhenish Chokusu (7439) Jean-Teíniri kana (6995) kөtөrүlөt
Bashka orographical-elemerter — Akshirak matrix Kөkshal Too much kyrkasy Tesco Ala-Too kyrkasy, Kүngөy Ala Too many kirkas, kirkas Kyrgyzstan, Fergana kirkas.
The Kyrgyz license for a 1609-meter two-year-old meter is a boycott of the Beshinchinsky oren Zhan, a zhetinchi boy oranda-turgan Issyk-kol kilzh zhaygashkan.
Anin jakterinde kp sandagan es aluu chu jailar, boarding house, sanatorium, tourist bazaar bar.
Kүngөy Ala-Too kyrkasy Menen Teskei Ala-Too kyrkalarynyn ortosunda Issyk-kol zhaygashkan. Sok-Kul Zana Chatyr-Kul and Cho-kldraddin Katarna kiret.
Wikipedia in Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan on our wiki pages.
Issyk-Kөldөn 50 Çakır Chygysh tarapta Merzbacher tooluu, muzduu kөlү zhaygashkan. Kөldүn үstүndө dayyma muzdar kalkyp zhүrөt, Zhai mezgilinde suunun kөlөmү kөbөyүp, tags, Subatov elements of Burkan-Sharkan tүshүp Joc bolup ketkendigi Menen belgilүү.
Kyrgyzstan Batysh taraba Batysh Tien Shan Tool Tool is available. Aninsky element negizgi orographickalik - Talas өrөөnү, Talas Ala-Too Kyrkalary, Chatkal Too Kyrkalary.
Kyrgyzstantintisk-batysh of the aimagina tundra, Ferghana
Kyrgyzstandyn tүshtүgүnө Tүrkistan kyrkalarynyn tүndүk Tarab fashions, fashions kyrkasy Alai Alai Alai өrөөnү Hana fashions kyrkasynyn tүndүk Taraba (Egemendүүlүk Chokus) Kirety.
Geography Jaktan Kyrgyzstan ekbolүkkө bөlүnөt.
Tanduk Hana tšštuk. Tүndүk Menen tүshtүk Biyik tooluu Bishkek-Osh highway menen baylanyshtyrylyp Turati. Tүndүktөn tүshtүkkө Ketkov Tөө Zhol-Ashuu (deңiz deңgeelinen 3800 meter biyiktikte) ashuusu, Suusamyr өrөөnү, Ala-Bel ashuusu (3200 m), Chychkan Korukov aimag, Toktogul saktagy chy Su, Bel-Kok (2700) Jean Ferghana өrөөnү arkyluu өtөt.
Bishkek Chaarindag district: Lenin, October, Birinchi Mai, Sverdlov.
Batken oblistindagi district: Batken, Kadamzhai, Leilek.
Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Batken, Kyzyl-Kya, it seems.
Jalal-Abad region, Karashtuu district: Aksy Ala-Buka, Bazar-Korgon, Nooken, Suzak, Toguz Toro Toktogul, Chatkal. Oblus karamagyndagy shaarlar: Jalal-Abad, Kara-kol, Mayli-Su, Tash Kumr.
Issyk-Kul-regional district of Karashtu: Ak-Suu, Jeti-Өgүz, Ton, Tүp, Issyk-Kul.
Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Karakol, Balykchy.
Naryn is irradiated by Karashtinsky region: Ak-Talaa, At-Bashi, Jumgal, Kochkor, Naryn. Naryn irisununun karamgindagi shaar: Naryn.
Osh region of Karashtinsky district: Alai, Aravan, Kara-Kulza, Kara-Suu, Nookat, Kizhun, Choi-Alai.
Welsh region Karashtun region: Bakai-Ata, Kara-Buura, Manas, Talas.
Whose radiations are the Karashtu region: Alamdun, Zhaiyl, Issyk-Ata, Kemin, Moscow, Panfilov, Sokuluk, ch.
Most visited content: Tokmok.
Kyrgyzstan 7 administrative-territorial unit bөlүnөt — Chүy, Talas, Issyk-Kol, Naryn Jalal-Abad, Osh and Batken.
Sayasy Partilar:"Ata-Jurt" partiyasy - leader of the Tashiev "Kyrgyzstandagy social Demokrattar partiyasy" - leader Almazbek Atambaev, "Ar-Namys" partiyasy - leader Felix Kulov, "Respublika" partiyasy - Leaders Omүrbek Babanov, "Ata Meken" partiyasy - Leaders Omүrbek Tekebaev, "Bүtүn Kyrgyzstan" partiyasy - leader Adakhan Madumarov, "Ak Shumkar" partiyasy - head of TEMIRA Sariev, "Meken yntymagy" partiyasy - leaders Temirbek Asanov, "Kyrgyzstandagy kommunistter partiyasy" - head of Bүmayram Mamaseitova.
Kyrgyz producers of organic products:
Arktiklylygi: autonomylyk aiyl-charbasy.
2000-jyldan bastap zherler zheke menchikke berlin. Altids exportto zhana symap.
Gidroenergetikalyk potential of the Naryn cascade - kubattuulugu Toktogul Gacy 1200 MW, 800 MW kubattuulugu, Kүrpsay Geisite, Tashkömүr Gacy, Shamaldy-Geisi says Үch Korgon Gacy, kurulup zhatkan Kambarata OH - 1, OH Kambaratinsky - second
Urandine reserves zhan republican aymagynda bayuunun joldoru (Kara-Balta pre-ken mills - zheke menchik company) AESke koldonu үchүn.
Surmanin Cho is booked by Jane Seirek who is crawling on a metal bar.
tourism
Ters Jaktary: Mamlekettik cosmyl. ZSSR mezgilinin akirs zhyldarindag econominann tөmөn tүshүүүүү.
2009 zhyly zhalpy nominal fashion fashion goods 4580000000 CABG dollaryn tүzgөn. Satyp aluu mүmkүnchүlүgүnүn parity boyuncha eseptelingen moda dүң produktsiyasy 11.66 CABG dollaryn tүzөt. 48% zhumushchul aryl charba zhghumushtar jana small charbaby Menen alexenet.
Kyrgyz cheese gnaws 2008-zildyn ayaginda 3.467 billion AKSh dollars tuzgun.
Negizinen USSR kulagandan kiyin өnөr-Zhi ishkanalarynyn toktotulushunan Zhan kvalifikatsiyaluu Zhan Orus tildүү inzhenerlerdin Zhan zhumushchulardyn massalyk tүrdө ketүүsүnөn 1990-1996-zhyldary Kyrgyzstandyn ekonomikasy Eka E shogi tөmөndөgөn.
Onor Zhai Kyrgyzstanstandyn testise dүң productionsynyn 15.9% gana ondүrөt.
Below is a list of Kehl Task Manager's most active users: Beery Bugatti Altyn is Zhai's account with 40% Eun.
2003 zhyly Kyrgyzstan Altyn 22.5 tons, KMS is a registered trademark of Orus Jean. This is a list of registered trademarks.
2000 year report on economic changes in Bastalgan.
Kyrgyzstan ar-kandai syepter menen mamlekettik ishkanalardin 70% s privattashtyrlgan. Choi Ishkanalardın bir bөlүgү Akaevdin үy-bүlosu arkyluu kөzөmөldөnүp turgan.
Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek is the largest city in Kyrgyzstan, as well as the modern cultural, political and economic center of the republic. This is a quiet place with wide streets and beautiful houses with a special, measured rhythm of life.
Arriving in Bishkek, the first thing that attracts attention is that the city is literally buried in greenery. A large number of parks makes the air unusually fresh and clean. Generally, there are more trees per capita than any other city in Central Asia.
Geographical position
The city is located in the heart of the Chui valley, at the foot of the snow-white mountain of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level.
The territory of the territory is 160 square meters.
Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan
climate
The climate in Bishkek is strongly continental, and the average annual temperature is 10.2 C. The coldest month is January (-24.7 ° C), the warmest is July (34.5 ° C).
population
In 2012, the population of Bishkek was 1 million people at a height of 42,783 people, of which 579,000 were women, of which 344,000,528 (60 percent) were young – 23,000,220 of them in reproductive age.
The population in Bishkek is ethnically heterogeneous.
Kyrgyzstan up to 51%, Russian - 20%, the remaining 29% are ethnic groups such as Ukrainians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Germans, Tajiks, Koreans, etc. Bishkek is divided into four administrative divisions.
Most residents of the capital express Sunni Islam. Orthodoxy is widespread in the city, which is mainly owned by the Russian population.
story
Bishkek was founded in 1825 on the ruins of an ancient fort and fortress Pishpek-Kokand Pishpek, from the 7th to the 13th century communes trading the city along trail trails.
After the 13th century, settlements from the nomadic tribes of the Kyrgyz people appeared on the site of the fortress and settlements, which continued until 1825, when the ancient city of Pishpek revived. During this time, the military commandant of Kokand won the exploitation of civil clashes between the Kirghiz region, Pishpek.
The city became the place where collectors, merchants and artisans of Kokand settled. In 1862, during the clashes between Russia and Kokand, the city was conquered by Russian troops. After the defeat of the Kokand Khanate, the population of Pishpek and the Chui valley voluntarily became part of Russia.
Farmers from different regions of Russia began to move to the city and the valley. They shared their farming experience with the locals and built European-style houses.
The rapid development of the city began after 1917. In 1926, in honor of the revolutionary and statesman Pishpek, it was renamed Frunze.
In Soviet times, Frunze developed general trends for all the capitals of the Union. Architects and engineers from Moscow and Leningrad took part in urban planning. During this time, a large number of educational institutions, theaters, museums in the Frunze region, a philharmonic society, a central store and the central register of the city were built.
When Kyrgyzstan became a sovereign state in 1991, it was renamed Bishkek. Despite the fact that the decision to change the name of the capital was made relatively recently, no one knows a clear explanation for the name Bishkek.
Some sources claim that the city is known as a special wooden spoon for cooking the old way of kumis - the symbol of the ancient nomadic Kyrgyz, other sources say that the capital was named after one of the forty most courageous and brave warriors of Manas.
The article uses information from the website
Territory of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Kyrgyz Respublikasy), the official name is the Kyrgyz Republic, abbr. - Kyrgyzstan, abbr. official - Kyrgyzstan is a state in the east of Central Asia, mainly within the western and central parts of the Tien Shan and the northern part of the Pamirs.
It borders in the north with Kazakhstan, in the west - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the southeast and east - with China.
Kyrgyzstan has no access to the sea.
More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, with a height of 7439 m, is the highest point in the country (the northernmost seven-thousander on earth from China, Pobeda Peak is called Mount Tomur).
The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is larger in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern - within the Pamir-Alay.
The state borders of Kyrgyzstan pass mainly along the crests of mountain ranges. Only in the north and south-west, in the densely populated Chui and Fergana valleys, along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.
The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third - at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction.
In the east, the main ranges of the Tien Shan converge in the region of the Meridional Range, creating a powerful mountain junction. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan-Tengri (6995 m) rise.
The most important orographic elements:
- massif Akshiyrak
- Kokshal-Too ridge (highest point - Dankov Peak, 5982 m)
- ridge Terskey Ala-Too
- ridge Kungei Ala-Too
- Kyrgyz Range
- Ferghana Range
In the northeast, at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level, there is the fifth in the world in terms of water volume and the sixth in depth, which is included in the group of the main attractions of Kyrgyzstan - the mountain lake Issyk-Kul, on the banks of which there are numerous boarding houses, sanatoriums and tourist bases.
The lake is located in the Issyk-Kul basin, between the ridges Terskey Ala-Too (from the south) and Kungei Ala-Too (from the north). Of the large lakes, there are also Son-Kol and Chatyr-Kul. 50 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul is the mountain glacial lake Merzbacher with icebergs floating on the surface, famous for the fact that in the summer, after gaining a certain level, the water quickly disappears with noise.
The western part of Kyrgyzstan is located within the Western Tien Shan. Its most important orographic elements:
- Talas valley
- ridge Talas Ala-Too
- Chatkal Range
In the southwest, the borders of Kyrgyzstan include the northern, eastern and southern outskirts of the Fergana basin with foothills.
In the south, Kyrgyzstan includes the northern slope of the Turkestan Range, the Alai Range, the Alai Valley and the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range (Lenin Peak, 7134 m), which is the northern outskirts of the Pamirs.
Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conditionally divided into two parts - south (southwest) and north. The northern and southern regions are connected by the Bishkek-Osh high-mountain highway.
On the way of the highway north - south, the Teo-Ashuu pass (3800 m above sea level), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the Chychkan protected area, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kek-Bel pass (2700 m) and the exit to the Fergana valley are overcome
Water resources
There are more than 3,000 lakes within Kyrgyzstan, including the picturesque Issyk-Kul Lake, one of the deepest in the world (maximum depth 668 m).
Large rivers - Chu, Naryn and Talas - originate in the highlands. Chu flows in the north, along it for 145 km the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan passes. The Naryn River, merging with the Karadarya River, forms the Syrdarya River, which flows eastward into the Ferghana Valley. Talas drains northeastern Kyrgyzstan.
Climate
Kyrgyzstan has a continental climate.
The western and northern slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation. The amount of precipitation increases with altitude up to 5000 m. At higher altitudes, precipitation falls in the form of snow, and frosts are possible even in summer.
The average annual amount of precipitation on the northern slopes is approx. 750 mm, on the southwestern slopes of the Ferghana Range - 950 mm, and on the northeastern - 230 mm.
Average January temperatures range from -2 to -8 C in the valleys and from -8 to -20 C in the mid-altitude mountains. In the highlands, the average January temperatures are approx. -28 C. In many regions of Kyrgyzstan, except for the highlands, there are often thaws in winter. Summers are hot and dry, with average July temperatures of 20–27 C in the valleys, 15–17 C in the middle mountains, and 5 C or lower in the highlands.
Flora and fauna
The flora of Kyrgyzstan is very diverse, with at least 1/4 of all endemic species.
The Tien Shan is characterized by the presence of a forest belt of Tien Shan spruce, which is replaced higher by juniper thickets and subalpine meadows. Nut-bearing forests (from walnuts) have been preserved in some places in the northern mountainous frame of the Ferghana Valley. In the highlands, subalpine and alpine meadows are common, which have been used for many years as summer pastures for sheep.
Republic of Kyrgyzstan
At the highest levels of the relief, a subnival belt with stone placers and snowfields is widely developed. Herbaceous plants there are extremely few, mosses and lichens are common.
In the foothills, ephemeral deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes are common, higher up they are replaced by shrubs and light forests.
Teke mountain goat, argali mountain sheep, snow leopard, stone marten, red wolf, gray and red mountain marmots live in the highlands.
Roe deer, wolf, ermine, wild boar, lynx, brown bear, fox, and marten are common in the forest mountain belt. The steppe foothill regions and adjacent plains are characterized by numerous species of rodents, including the yellow ground squirrel, large jerboa, red-tailed gerbil, various reptiles, among ungulates - goitered gazelle, among birds - partridges, bustards, etc.
The article used information from the site
Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous and mysterious country of Central Asia. It has vast territories with unusually attractive, almost untouched nature. Tourists willingly come here to see the rich flora and fauna.
Then the capital of Soviet Kyrgyzstan was decorated with a bust of Ivanitsin, it was installed at the intersection of Ivanitsin and Dzerzhinsky streets. Interestingly, the sculptor Lodyagin sculpted his bust from a photograph of his son Pavel Alekseevich, since not a single photograph of Alexei Ivanitsin himself was found.
Moscow street
In pre-revolutionary times, Moscow Pishpek Street was called Iskakovskaya in honor of the richest merchant Iskak Daulbaev. From childhood, he achieved everything himself, since he was left an orphan early. His house was located on the site where the monument to Toktogul stands today, on Moskovskaya Street. Iskak was engaged in charity all his life, a mosque was built in Pishpek at his expense. It was located until 1966 at the place where the square is now between the Hyatt Hotel and the Opera and Ballet Theatre.
Turusbekov street
In Pishpek, before the revolution, Aleksandrovskaya Street was named after Alexander II, the liberator Tsar, but in the Soviet 1920s the street was renamed Zapadnaya. The street had this name for 40 years, until the time when in 1960 it was named after a prominent Kyrgyz poet who died during the Second World War, Zhusup Turusbekov.
Neighborhoods
The capital of Kyrgyzstan in Soviet times begins to equip itself. The 1960s were marked by the construction of the first microdistricts near the airport and the Botanical Garden. The botanical massif received the status of the first microdistrict. It was built on the site of an orchard and adjoined the territory of the Park of Culture and Leisure. Then they planned the construction of the second microdistrict, it was supposed to be located south of the street of the 50th anniversary of October.
Osh Bazaar
In the western part of the city, the capital of Kyrgyzstan had a market, which, along with the official name of the Ala-Archa collective farm market, had another one - Soviet. It collapsed in 1980, but soon a new bazaar was built by workers from Osh. Therefore, the name Osh was assigned to it.
The very first car
In 1912, the first car of the Berlier brand drove around the streets of Pishkek. It was owned by the merchant Babakhan Nurmukhamedbaev. He was the owner of a car company.
Grave of the Red Army
The entire capital of Kyrgyzstan in Soviet times mourned for the dead Red Army soldiers during the suppression of the Belovodsk uprising, in early January 1919, their funeral service was held in St. Nicholas Church. Until now, the mass grave is located in the center of the Oak Park in Bishkek. At first, an obelisk on a small mound was decorated with a red flag, later a solid monument with a marble slab was erected. Next to the mass grave of the Red Army in 1933, an active participant in the hostilities to suppress the rebellion, Commander Logvinenko, was buried.
Spartak Stadium
In 1940, the capital of Kyrgyzstan began construction of the stadium, but the war stopped it for 5 years. On May 9, 1945, a parade took place on the square prepared for the stadium. The cadets of the infantry school, who were lined up on the square, after the last solemn sounds of the orchestra, received the news of the victory of the Russian people over fascism and the cessation of hostilities.
M. Frunze
St. Nicholas Church, erected in 1886, lurks and rises above the oaks of the park. Little Misha Frunze served here, who later became a famous military leader.
In 1967, the construction of the Frunze Museum Complex began. Part of the historical building collapsed, and today you can only see the outbuilding that adjoined the estate.
The capital of Kyrgyzstan before Bishkek was a small, clean, green, cozy town. Now a lot of buildings are being built that do not fit into the landscape, and chaotic buildings spoil the architecture of the city. Apparently, there were not enough funds to implement the plans of the architects who won the construction competitions.
