1. The most interesting place in the poem is the chapters dedicated to the five landowners.
2. The image of Manilov.
3. Image of the Box.
4. The image of Sobakevich.
5. The image of Nozdryov!
6. The image of Plushkin.
7. The role of the images of landowners in the novel.
The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation of the characters.
The surname of the landowner Manilov is derived from the verb "beckon". The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: "Temple of solitary reflection." This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly fantasize about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov. In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this.
Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” The next ... you won’t say anything, but the third you’ll say: “The devil knows what it is!” - and move away! .. ". This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot.
The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as "Manilovism", which means the unnaturalness of a person.
Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance. By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with "animal" surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other "merits" of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her "wealth", but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.
The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be shouting: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most "dead souls" of the poem. There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs.
The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a "historical" person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor." Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim.
According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once "a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing." The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers. Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all sorts of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers.
What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... he sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that the sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.
And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: "a hole in humanity." This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.
All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a "dead soul", but always remain "alive".
The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation.
Characters. The surname of the landowner Manilov is formed from the verb "beckon".
The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a person is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: “Temple of Solitary Reflection”. This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly dream up
About some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov.
In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this. Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” To the next one. you won’t say anything, but in the third you will say: “The devil knows what it is!” – and move away!..”. This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot. The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as “Manilovism”, which means the unnaturalness of a person. Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance.
By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with “animal” surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other “merits” of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her “wealth”, but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.
The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be screaming: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money. From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most “dead souls” of the poem.
There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs. The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a “historical” person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor."
Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim. According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once “a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing.” The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers.
Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all kinds of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers. What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... he sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that his sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.
And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: “a hole in humanity”. This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.
All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a “dead soul”, but always remain “alive”.
1. The most interesting place in the poem is the chapters dedicated to the five landowners.
2. The image of Manilov.
3. Image of the Box.
4. The image of Sobakevich.
5. The image of Nozdryov!
6. The image of Plushkin.
7. The role of the images of landowners in the novel.
The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation of the characters.
The surname of the landowner Manilov is derived from the verb "beckon". The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: "Temple of solitary reflection." This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly fantasize about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov. In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this.
Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” The next ... you won’t say anything, but the third you’ll say: “The devil knows what it is!” - and move away! .. ". This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot.
The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as "Manilovism", which means the unnaturalness of a person.
Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance. By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with "animal" surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other "merits" of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her "wealth", but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.
The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be shouting: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most "dead souls" of the poem. There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs.
The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a "historical" person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor." Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim.
According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once "a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing." The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers. Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all sorts of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers.
What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... he sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that the sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.
And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: "a hole in humanity." This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.
All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a "dead soul", but always remain "alive".
Lesson 3 N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls" The system of images of the poem. Images of landlords (Manilov, Korobochka)
Goals: give students an idea about the system of images of the poem "Dead Souls"; to acquaint students with the images of landowners using the example of Manilov and Korobochka; to form the skills and abilities to build an answer to the question about a work of art based on theoretical and literary knowledge; improve the skills of analytical work with a prose text; promote the aesthetic and moral education of students; foster a culture of readership.
Equipment : textbook, text of the poem "Dead Souls", handout, table, illustrative material on the topic of the lesson.
Lesson type : lesson - analysisartwork
Predicted results : students knowabout the system of images of the poem by N.V. Gogol
"Dead Souls", are able to characterize the characters of the poem, analyze the text, retell individual episodes in the form of a description,participate in a conversation, develop their own point of view on a work of art in accordance with the author's position and historical era.
During the classes
I . Organizational stage
II. Updating of basic knowledge
Conversation (analysis of the first chapter)
Tell us what you learned from what you read about the main character of the work.
What was the purpose of his arrival in the provincial city?
Find in the text and read the portrait description of Chichikov. Why do you think the writer singles him out with his faceless appearance? Justify your answer. What words does the author express his attitude towards the character?
III. Motivation for learning activities
The poem was conceived by Gogol as a wide epic canvas, in which the author wanted to truthfully reflect, as in a pure mirror, living modernity.
The poem reflected Russia in the first third of the 19th century - Russia at that time, when the tsarist government, having dealt with the Decembrists, with the dreams of the best people in the country about the introduction of republican rule, intensively created a bureaucratic apparatus, when the assertive Chichikovs, businessmen-acquirers, went uphill, capable of making money from anything.
The poem is built in the form of a journey and allows the reader to look into all the details that interest him. The subject of attention is "Mr.
Image system. The figurative system of the poem is built in accordance with the three main plot and compositional links: landlord, bureaucratic Russia and the image of Chichikov. The peculiarity of the system of images lies in the fact that the contrast to the characters shown in the real plan of the poem makes up the ideal plan, where the author's voice is present and the image is created.
The first chapter of the poem can be defined as a kind of introduction. The action has not yet begun, and the author only outlines the characters in general terms. The reader begins to guess that Chichikov came to the provincial town with some intentions, which become clear later.
IV . Work on the topic of the lesson
1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
Creating images of landowners, Gogol does not just show us different types of owners of serf souls: dreamy loafers (Manilov), absolutely indifferent to the serfs entrusted to him; stingy (Sobakevich), who will not miss anything in life; "club-headed" boxes, bogged down in small-scale subsistence farming, where every piece of land, every piece, every box and casket is taken into account; senseless bullies (Nozdryov), who is more outrageous at fairs and on neighboring estates than at home; and finally, plushkins, phenomenal from all sides. The author creates a whole system of images, very realistic and at the same time distinctly satirical. He shows us "heroes" from all sides, using three types of description: portrait, landscape of the estate, interior of the landowner's house.
2. Collective work on compiling a reference diagram - an abstract "The system of images of the poem" (recording on the board and in a notebook)
The system of images of the poem
| Chichikov | Landowners, villagers |
| Manilov |
|
| box |
|
| Nozdrev |
|
| Sobakevich |
|
| Plushkin |
|
| Chichikov | Officials and city dwellers |
| Governor |
|
| Postmaster |
|
| Chief of Police |
|
| prosecutor |
3. Analytical conversation "Reflect, discuss"
a) Analysis of the first chapter
Which of the landowners does Chichikov visit first?
When does the first meeting between Chichikov and Manilov take place?
What is the leading detail in the description of the hero?
Tell me who Manilov is. What impression did he make on you?
What was the landlord doing? How does he feel about his property?
Find in the text and read the description of the interior of Manilov's house. - Expressively read how Manilov reacted to Chichikov's proposal to sell "dead souls." How does this scene characterize Manilov?
Justify your answer
Explain the term "manilovism"
Comment on the assessment of this chapter given by V.A. Zhukovsky: "Funny and painful."
b) Analysis of the third chapter
With the help of what artistic means does the author reveal the image of the Box? Examples from the text.
Find in the text and read the characteristics of the Box. What feature of the Box is leading? Examples from the text.
- Read expressively how Korobochka reacted to Chichikov's offer to sell "dead souls". How does this scene characterize the Box?
Think about whether this image can be called typical? Why?
What artistic technique enhances the author's generalization? Examples from the text.
4. Collective work on the compilation of the table “Heroes of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
“Heroes of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
| Images of landowners |
||
| landowner | Characteristic | Attitude towards the request for the sale of dead souls |
| Manilov | Dirty and empty. For two years a book with a bookmark on one page has been lying in his office. Sweet and luscious is his speech. | Surprised. He thinks that this is illegal, but he cannot refuse such a pleasant person. Gives free peasants. At the same time, he does not know how many souls he has. - |
| box | Knows the value of money, practical and economic. Avaricious, stupid, cudgel-headed, landowneraccumulator | He wants to know what Chichikov's souls are for. The number of dead knows exactly (18 people). Looks at dead souls like hemp or bacon: suddenly come in handy on the farm |
| Nozdrev | It is considered a good friend, but is always ready to harm a friend. Kutila, card player, "broken fellow." When talking, jumps constantly from subject to subject, uses swearing | It would seem that it was easiest for Chichikov to get them from this landowner, but he is the only one who left him with nothing. |
| Sobakevich | Uncouth, clumsy, rude, unable to express feelings. A tough, vicious serf-owner who never misses a profit. | The smartest of all landowners. Immediately saw through the guest, made a deal with the benefit of himself. |
| Plushkin | Once he had a family, children, and he himself was a thrifty owner. But the death of the mistress turned this man into a miser. He became, like many widowers, stingy and suspicious. | I was amazed and delighted by his proposal, since there would be income. He agreed to sell the souls for 30 kopecks (78 souls in total). |
5. Comparative work
Analysis of the images of Manilov and Korobochka (in pairs)
| landowner | Environment | portrait | character | Attitude to Chichikov's request |
| Manilov (I met in the city, went by invitation) | The master's house stood alone on a hill; dull bluish forest; the day is either clear or gloomy, light gray; something was always missing in the house; The walls are painted with some kind of blue paint, like gray. | In his eyes, a prominent, pleasant man, he smiled enticingly; was blond with blue eyes | The man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan; spoke very little at home; thought a lot, fantasized; I've been reading page 14 for 2 years now | Surprised, agreed to transfer for free; does not know how many peasants died |
| box (accidentally hit while raining) | A small house, a yard full of birds, old wallpaper, paintings with birds, antique small mirrors, huge feather beds | An elderly woman, in a sleeping cap, with a flannel around her neck | Hospitable, sells honey, hemp, lard, feathers | He wonders why he needs them; knows the exact number of the dead (18 souls), is afraid of incurring a loss, wants to wait a bit, agreed to sell for 15 banknotes |
V . Reflection. Summing up the lesson
Generalizing word of the teacher
The heroes of Gogol were not fictitious, book characters for Boklevsky. He lived for many years in the Ryazan province and easily recognized in the officials and landowners of the city of N the customs of the Russian province, well known to him.
Boklevsky completely refuses to reproduce everyday details and furnishings. His main task is to convey the intellectual poverty, the moral squalor of Gogol's types. Therefore, the artist is limited only to portraits of heroes, focuses on the image of their faces.
Manilov is represented by the artist as having a rest in the afternoon. Having loosened his tie, unbuttoned his waistcoat, with the same pipe with a long shank, he basks in an easy chair. Manilov is a delicate, educated gentleman. Therefore, down jackets dispose him to daydreaming. He rolled his eyes, threw back his head - he was carried away by fantasy under the clouds. However, he does not rise from the pillows, he remains in complete idleness, and it is clear to the viewer that Manilov's fantasies are as ephemeral as the smoke coming out of his pipe.
The box is "one of those mothers, small landowners who cry for crop failures, losses and hold their heads somewhat to one side, and meanwhile they are gaining a little money in motley bags placed in drawers of chests of drawers." The watercolor portrait of Korobochka represents a good-natured old woman of small stature, in a cap and bonnet, in funny knitted shoes. The round, soft figure of Nastasya Petrovna, with some kind of rag tied around her neck, surprisingly resembles a tightly stuffed sack or bag - an important attribute of a homely landowner. Boklevsky often gives Gogol's characters an appearance similar to one or another animal. This creates additional associations for the viewer, which contribute to a better understanding of the essence of the image. So, it is no coincidence that Sobakevich looks like a bear, and Chichikov looks like a cunning fox. Boklevsky's box makes you think about one of the small rodents, caring, homely animals that drag everything they see into their mink. In fact, she has round, surprised eyes, a triangle of raised upper lip, exposing the incisors, and, finally, short arms, innocently folded over a protruding abdomen, just like mouse paws.
VI . Homework
1. Prepare citation material for the images of Nozdrev, Sobakevich, Plyushkin.
2. Individual task. Prepare for the role play
3. Leading task. Prepare an oral answer to the problematic question: "For what purpose does Chichikov visit the landowners for five chapters?"
| landowner | Appearance | manor | Characteristic | Attitude to Chichikov's request |
| Manilov | The man is not yet old, his eyes are sweet as sugar. But this sugar was too much. In the first minute of a conversation with him you will say what a nice person, after a minute you will not say anything, and in the third minute you will think: “The devil knows what it is!” | The master's house stands on a hill, open to all winds. The economy is in complete decline. The housekeeper steals, something is always missing in the house. The kitchen is preparing stupidly. The servants are drunkards. Against the backdrop of all this decline, the gazebo with the name “Temple of Solitary Reflection” looks strange. The Manilovs love to kiss, give each other cute trinkets (a toothpick in a case), but they absolutely do not care about the improvement of the house. | About people like Manilov, Gogol says: "A man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." The man is empty and vulgar. For two years now, a book with a bookmark on page 14 has been in the office, which he constantly reads. Dreams are fruitless. Speech is cloying and sugary (name day of the heart) | Surprised. He understands that this request is illegal, but he cannot refuse such a pleasant person. Agrees to give the peasants free. He does not even know how many souls he has died. |
| box | An elderly woman, in a cap, with a flannel around her neck. | A small house, the wallpaper in the house is old, the mirrors are old. Nothing is wasted on the farm, this is evidenced by the net on the fruit trees and the cap on the scarecrow. She taught everyone to order. The yard is full of birds, the garden is well maintained. Peasant huts, although built scattered, show the contentment of the inhabitants, they are properly maintained. Korobochka knows everything about her peasants, does not keep any notes and remembers the names of the dead by heart. | Economical and practical, knows the price of a penny. Cudgel-headed, stupid, stingy. This is the image of a landowner-accumulator. | He wonders why Chichikov is doing this. Afraid to sell cheap. Knows exactly how many peasants died (18 souls). He looks at dead souls in the same way as he looks at bacon or hemp: suddenly they will come in handy in the household. |
| Nozdryov | Fresh, "like blood with milk", full of health. Medium height, well built. At thirty-five, he looks the same as at eighteen. | A stable with two horses. The kennel is in excellent condition, where Nozdryov feels like the father of a family. There are no usual things in the office: books, papers. And hanging a saber, two guns, a hurdy-gurdy, pipes, daggers. The lands are unkempt. The economy went by itself, since the main concern of the hero was hunting and fairs - not up to the economy. The repair in the house has not been completed, the stalls are empty, the hurdy-gurdy is out of order, the chaise is lost. The situation of the serfs, from whom he draws everything he can, is deplorable. | Gogol calls Nozdryov a "historical" person, because not a single meeting at which Nozdryov appeared was complete without "history". Reputed to be a good friend, but always ready to play a dirty trick on his friend. "Broken fellow", reckless reveler, card player, likes to lie, spends money thoughtlessly. Rudeness, impudent lies, recklessness are reflected in his fragmentary speech. When talking, he constantly jumps from one subject to another, uses abusive expressions: “you are a pig for this”, “such rubbish”. | It seemed that it was easiest to get dead souls from him, a reckless reveler, and yet he was the only one who left Chichikov with nothing. |
| Sobakevich | Looks like a bear. Tailcoat bear color. The complexion is red-hot, hot. | Big village, awkward house. The stable, barn, kitchen are built from massive logs. The portraits that hang in the rooms depict heroes with "thick thighs and unheard-of mustaches." A walnut bureau on four legs looks ridiculous. The economy of Sobakevich developed according to the principle of "badly tailored, but tightly sewn", solid, strong. And he does not ruin his peasants: his muzhiks live in huts that are wonderfully cut down, in which everything was fitted tightly and properly. He perfectly knows the business and human qualities of his peasants. | Fist, rude, clumsy, uncouth, incapable of expressing emotional experiences. An evil, tough serf-owner, he will never miss his advantage. | Of all the landowners with whom Chichikov dealt, Sobakevich was the smartest. He immediately understood what dead souls were for, quickly figured out the intentions of the guest and made a deal to his advantage. |
| Plushkin | It was hard to tell if it was a man or a woman. Looks like an old keychain. Gray eyes quickly ran from under the fused eyebrows. Cap on the head. His face is wrinkled like an old man's. The chin protrudes far forward, there were no teeth. On the neck is either a scarf or a stocking. The men call Plyushkin "Patched". | Dilapidated buildings, old dark logs on the huts of peasants, holes on the roofs, windows without glass. He walked the streets, and everything that came across, he picked up and dragged into the house. The house is full of furniture and rubbish. The once prosperous economy became unprofitable due to pathological stinginess, brought to waste (hay and bread rotted, flour in the basement turned into stone). | Once Plyushkin was just a thrifty owner, he had a family, children. The hero also met with neighbors. The turning point in the transformation of a cultural landowner into a miser was the death of the mistress. Plyushkin, like all widowers, became suspicious and stingy. And it turns, as Gogol says, into "a hole in humanity." | The proposal surprised and delighted, because there will be income. He agreed to sell 78 souls for 30 kopecks. |
- Landowner Portrait Characteristic Manor Attitude towards housekeeping Lifestyle Outcome Manilov Handsome blond with blue eyes. At the same time, in his appearance "it seemed too sugar was transferred." Too ingratiating look and behavior Too enthusiastic and refined dreamer who does not feel any curiosity about his household or anything earthly (he does not even know if his peasants died after the last revision). At the same time, his daydreaming is absolutely […]
- Compositionally, the poem "Dead Souls" consists of three externally closed, but internally interconnected circles. landowners, the city, Chichikov's biography, united by the image of the road, plot-related by the main character's scam. But the middle link - the life of the city - itself consists, as it were, of narrowing circles, gravitating towards the center; this is a graphic representation of the provincial hierarchy. Interestingly, in this hierarchical pyramid, the governor, embroidering on tulle, looks like a puppet figure. True life boils in civilian […]
- Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol is one of the most brilliant authors of our vast Motherland. In his works, he always spoke about the sore, about what His Rus' lived in His time. And he does it so well! This man really loved Russia, seeing what our country really is - unhappy, deceitful, lost, but at the same time - dear. Nikolai Vasilievich in the poem "Dead Souls" gives a social profile of the then Rus'. Describes landlordism in all colors, reveals all the nuances, characters. Among […]
- The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol fell on the dark era of Nicholas I. These were the 30s. XIX century, when in Russia, after the suppression of the uprising of the Decembrists, reaction reigned, all dissidents were persecuted, the best people were persecuted. Describing the reality of his day, N.V. Gogol creates the poem “Dead Souls”, brilliant in depth of reflection of life. The basis of "Dead Souls" is that the book is a reflection not of individual features of reality and characters, but of the reality of Russia as a whole. Myself […]
- In Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" the way of life and customs of the feudal landowners is very correctly noticed and described. Drawing images of the landlords: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin, the author recreated a generalized picture of the life of serf Russia, where arbitrariness reigned, the economy was in decline, and the personality underwent moral degradation. After writing and publishing the poem, Gogol said: “Dead Souls made a lot of noise, a lot of grumbling, touched the nerves of many with mockery, and truth, and caricature, touched […]
- Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol noted that the main theme of "Dead Souls" was contemporary Russia. The author believed that "it is impossible otherwise to direct society or even the whole generation towards the beautiful, until you show the full depth of its real abomination." That is why the poem presents a satire on the local nobility, bureaucracy and other social groups. The composition of the work is subordinated to this task of the author. The image of Chichikov, traveling around the country in search of the necessary connections and wealth, allows N. V. Gogol […]
- Chichikov, having met the landowners in the city, received an invitation from each of them to visit the estate. The gallery of the owners of "dead souls" is opened by Manilov. The author at the very beginning of the chapter gives a description of this character. His appearance initially made a very pleasant impression, then bewilderment, and in the third minute “... you say:“ The devil knows what it is! and move away…” Sweetness and sentimentality, highlighted in the portrait of Manilov, are the essence of his idle lifestyle. He is constantly talking about […]
- French traveler, author of the famous book "Russia in 1839" Marquis de Questine wrote: “Russia is ruled by a class of officials who occupy administrative positions right from the school bench ... each of these gentlemen becomes a nobleman, having received a cross in his buttonhole ... Upstarts in the circle of those in power, they use their power, as befits upstarts. " The tsar himself admitted with bewilderment that it was not he, the autocrat of all Russia, who governed his empire, but the clerk appointed by him. The provincial city […]
- In his famous address to the "bird-troika", Gogol did not forget the master to whom the troika owes its existence: cheeky man." There is one more hero in the poem about swindlers, parasites, owners of living and dead souls. Gogol's unnamed hero is serf slaves. In "Dead Souls" Gogol composed such a dithyramb to the Russian serfs, with such direct […]
- N.V. Gogol conceived the first part of the poem "Dead Souls" as a work that reveals the social vices of society. In this regard, he was looking for a plot not a simple life fact, but one that would make it possible to expose the hidden phenomena of reality. In this sense, the plot proposed by A. S. Pushkin was the best fit for Gogol. The idea to “travel all over Rus' with the hero” gave the author the opportunity to show the life of the whole country. And since Gogol described it in such a way, “so that all the little things that elude […]
- In the autumn of 1835, Gogol set to work on Dead Souls, the plot of which, like the plot of The Inspector General, was suggested to him by Pushkin. “I want to show in this novel, although from one side, all of Rus',” he writes to Pushkin. Explaining the idea of "Dead Souls", Gogol wrote that the images of the poem are "not at all portraits of insignificant people, on the contrary, they contain the features of those who consider themselves better than others." Explaining the choice of the hero, the author says: "Because it is time, finally, give rest to a poor virtuous man, because […]
- It should be noted that the episode of the collision of the crews is divided into two micro-themes. One of them is the appearance of a crowd of onlookers and "helpers" from a neighboring village, the other is Chichikov's thoughts caused by a meeting with a young stranger. Both of these themes have both an external, superficial layer, directly related to the characters of the poem, and a deep layer, bringing to the scale of the author's thoughts about Russia and its people. So, the collision occurs suddenly, when Chichikov silently sends curses to Nozdryov, thinking that […]
- Chichikov met Nozdryov earlier, at one of the receptions in the city of NN, but the meeting in the tavern is the first serious acquaintance with him for both Chichikov and the reader. We understand what type of people Nozdryov belongs to, first by seeing his behavior in the tavern, his story about the fair, and then by reading the author’s direct description of this “broken fellow”, “historical man”, who has “a passion to spoil his neighbor, sometimes for no reason at all ". We know Chichikov as a completely different person - […]
- Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is one of the greatest and at the same time mysterious works of the 19th century. The genre definition of "poem", which at that time unambiguously meant a lyric-epic work written in poetic form and predominantly romantic, was perceived by Gogol's contemporaries in different ways. Some found it mocking, while others saw hidden irony in this definition. Shevyrev wrote that “the meaning of the word ‘poem’ seems to us to be twofold… because of the word ‘poem’ a deep, significant […]
- At the lesson of literature, we got acquainted with the work of N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". This poem has become very popular. The work was repeatedly filmed both in the Soviet Union and in modern Russia. Also, the names of the main characters became symbolic: Plyushkin - a symbol of stinginess and storage of unnecessary things, Sobakevich - an uncouth person, Manilovism - immersion in dreams that have no connection with reality. Some phrases have become catchphrases. The main character of the poem is Chichikov. […]
- What is the image of a literary hero? Chichikov is the hero of a great, classic work created by a genius, a hero who embodied the result of the author's observations and reflections on life, people, and their actions. An image that has absorbed typical features, and therefore has long gone beyond the framework of the work itself. His name has become a household name for people - crafty careerists, sycophants, money-grubbers, outwardly "pretty", "decent and worthy". Moreover, other readers' assessment of Chichikov is not so unambiguous. Comprehension […]
- Gogol was always attracted by everything eternal and unshakable. By analogy with Dante's "Divine Comedy", he decides to create a work in three volumes, where it would be possible to show the past, present and future of Russia. Even the author designates the genre of the work in an unusual way - a poem, since different fragments of life are collected in one artistic whole. The composition of the poem, which is built on the principle of concentric circles, allows Gogol to trace the movement of Chichikov through the provincial town of N, the estates of landowners and all of Russia. Already with […]
- “A rather beautiful spring chaise drove through the gates of the hotel in the provincial city of NN ... In the chaise sat a gentleman, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin; one cannot say that he is old, but it is not so that he is too young either. His entry made absolutely no noise in the city and was not accompanied by anything special. So our hero appears in the city - Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. Let us, following the author, get acquainted with the city. Everything tells us that this is a typical provincial […]
- Plyushkin is an image of a moldy cracker left over from the Easter cake. Only he has a life story, Gogol depicts all the other landowners statically. These heroes, as it were, have no past that would at least somehow differ from their present and explain something in it. Plyushkin's character is much more complicated than the characters of other landowners represented in Dead Souls. Features of manic stinginess are combined in Plyushkin with painful suspicion and distrust of people. Saving the old sole, a clay shard, […]
- The poem "Dead Souls" reflects the social phenomena and conflicts that characterized Russian life in the 30s - early 40s. 19th century It very correctly noticed and described the way of life and customs of that time. Drawing images of the landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin, the author recreated a generalized picture of the life of serf Russia, where arbitrariness reigned, the economy was in decline, and the personality underwent moral degradation, regardless of whether it was the personality of a slave owner or [... ]
