It's more than pretty pictures, it's a reflection of reality. In the works of great artists, you can see how the world and the consciousness of people have changed.

Art is also an attempt to create an alternative reality where you can hide from the horrors of your time, or the desire to change the world. The art of the 20th century rightfully occupies a special place in history. The people who lived and worked in those days survived social upheavals, wars, and the unprecedented development of science; and all this found an imprint on their canvases. Artists of the 20th century took part in creating the modern vision of the world.

Some names are still pronounced with a breath, and some are unfairly forgotten. Someone had such a controversial creative path that we still cannot give him an unambiguous assessment. This review focuses on the 20 greatest artists of the 20th century. Camille Pizarro- French painter. An outstanding representative of impressionism. The artist's work was influenced by John Constable, Camille Corot, Jean Francois Millet.
Born July 10, 1830 in Saint Thomas, died November 13, 1903 in Paris.

Hermitage in Pontoise, 1868

Opera passage in Paris, 1898

Sunset at Varengeville, 1899

Edgar Degas - French artist, one of the greatest impressionists. On the work of Degas, the influence of Japanese graphics was traced. Born July 19, 1834 in Paris, died September 27, 1917 in Paris.

Absinthe, 1876

Star, 1877

Woman combing her hair, 1885

Paul Cezanne - French painter, one of the greatest representatives of post-impressionism. In his work, he sought to reveal the harmony and balance of nature. His work had a huge impact on the worldview of artists of the XX century.
Born January 19, 1839 in Aix-en-Provence, France, died October 22, 1906 in Aix-en-Provence.

Gamblers, 1893

Modern Olympia, 1873

Still life with skulls, 1900

Claude Monet- an outstanding French painter. One of the founders of impressionism. In his works, Monet sought to convey the richness and richness of the world around him. His late period is characterized by decorativeism and
The late period of Monet's work is characterized by decorativeism, the increasing dissolution of objective forms in sophisticated combinations of color spots.
Born November 14, 1840 in Paris, died December 5, 1926 in Zhverny.

Welk Cliff at Pourville, 1882

After lunch, 1873-1876

Etretat, sunset, 1883

Arkhip Kuindzhi - famous Russian artist, master of landscape painting. He lost his parents early. From an early age, a love for painting began to manifest itself. The work of Arkhip Kuindzhi had a huge impact on Nicholas Roerich.
Born on January 15, 1841 in Mariupol, died on July 11, 1910 in St. Petersburg.

"Volga", 1890-1895

"North", 1879

"View of the Kremlin from Zamoskvorechye", 1882

Pierre Auguste Renoir - French painter, graphic artist, sculptor, one of the prominent representatives of impressionism. He was also known as a master of secular portraiture. Auguste Rodin became the first impressionist to become popular among wealthy Parisians.
Born February 25, 1841 in Limoges France, died December 2, 1919 in Paris.

Pont des Arts in Paris, 1867

Ball at the Moulin de la Galette, 1876

Jeanne Samary, 1877

Paul Gauguin- French artist, ceramic sculptor, graphic artist. Along with Paul Cezan and Vincent van Gogh, he is one of the most prominent representatives of post-impressionism. The artist lived in poverty because his paintings were not in demand.
Born June 7, 1848 in Paris, died May 8, 1903 on the island of Hiva Oa, French Polynesia.

Breton landscape, 1894

Breton village in the snow, 1888

Are you jealous? 1892

Saints Day, 1894

Wassily Kandinsky - Russian and German artist, poet, art theorist. Considered one of the leaders of the avant-garde of the 1st half of the 20th century. One of the founders of abstract art.
Born November 22, 1866 in Moscow, died December 13, 1944 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

Couple on horseback, 1918

Motley life, 1907

Moscow 1, 1916

In grey, 1919

Henri Matisse - one of the greatest French painters and sculptors. One of the founders of the Fauvist movement. In his work, he sought to convey emotions through color. In his work, he was influenced by the Islamic culture of the western Maghreb. Born December 31, 1869 in the city of Le Cateau, died November 3, 1954 in the town of Cimiez.

Square in Saint-Tropez, 1904

Outline of Notre Dame at night, 1902

Woman with a hat, 1905

Dance, 1909

Italian, 1919

Portrait of Delectorskaya, 1934

Nicholas Roerich- Russian artist, writer, scientist, mystic. During his life he painted over 7,000 paintings. One of the outstanding cultural figures of the 20th century, the founder of the "Peace through Culture" movement.
Born October 27, 1874 in St. Petersburg, died December 13, 1947 in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Overseas guests, 1901

Great Spirit of the Himalayas, 1923

Message from Shambhala, 1933

Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin - Russian artist, graphic artist, theorist, writer, teacher. He was one of the ideologists of the reorganization of art education in the USSR.
Born November 5, 1878 in the city of Khvalynsk, Saratov province, died February 15, 1939 in Leningrad.

"1918 in Petrograd", 1920

"Playing Boys", 1911

Bathing a red horse, 1912

Portrait of Anna Akhmatova

Kazimir Malevich- Russian artist, founder of Suprematism - a trend in abstract art, teacher, art theorist and philosopher
Born February 23, 1879 in Kyiv, died May 15, 1935 in Moscow.

Rest (Society in top hats), 1908

"Peasant women with buckets", 1912-1913

Black Suprematist Square, 1915

Suprematist painting, 1916

On the boulevard, 1903

Pablo Picasso- Spanish painter, sculptor, sculptor, ceramist designer. One of the founders of cubism. The work of Pablo Picasso had a significant impact on the development of painting in the 20th century. According to a poll of readers of Time magazine
Born October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain, died April 8, 1973 in Mougins, France.

Girl on a ball, 1905

Portrait of Ambroise Vallor, 1910

Three Graces

Portrait of Olga

Dance, 1919

Woman with a flower, 1930

Amadeo Modigliani- Italian painter and sculptor. One of the brightest representatives of expressionism. During his lifetime, he had only one exhibition in December 1917 in Paris. Born July 12, 1884 in Livorno, Italy, died January 24, 1920 from tuberculosis. Received world recognition posthumously World recognition received posthumously.

Cellist, 1909

Spouses, 1917

Joan Hebuterne, 1918

Mediterranean landscape, 1918

Diego Rivera- Mexican painter, muralist, politician. He was the husband of Frida Kahlo. Leon Trotsky found shelter in their house for a short time.
Born December 8, 1886 in Guanajuato, died December 21, 1957 in Mexico City.

Notre Dame de Paris in the rain, 1909

Woman at the well, 1913

Union of Peasants and Workers, 1924

Detroit industry, 1932

Marc Chagall- Russian and French painter, graphic artist, illustrator, theater artist. One of the greatest representatives of the avant-garde.
Born on June 24, 1887 in the city of Liozno, Mogilev province, died on March 28, 1985 in Saint-Paul-de-Provence.

Anyuta (Portrait of a sister), 1910

Bride with fan, 1911

Me and the village, 1911

Adam and Eve, 1912

Mark Rothko(present Mark Rotkovich) is an American artist, one of the founders of abstract expressionism and the founder of color field painting.
The first works of the artist were created in a realistic spirit, however, then by the mid-40s, Mark Rothko turned to surrealism. By 1947, the most important turning point in the work of Mark Rothko happens, he creates his own style - abstract expressionism, in which he departs from objective elements.
Born on September 25, 1903 in the city of Dvinsk (now Daugavpils), died on February 25, 1970 in New York.

Untitled

Number 7 or 11

orange and yellow

Salvador Dali- painter, graphic artist, sculptor, writer, designer, director. Perhaps the most famous representative of surrealism and one of the greatest artists of the 20th century.
Designed by Chupa-Chups.
Born May 11, 1904 in Figueres, Spain, died January 23, 1989 in Spain.

Temptation of Saint Anthony, 1946

The Last Supper, 1955

Woman with a Head of Roses, 1935

My wife Gala, naked, looking at her body, 1945

Frida Kahlo - Mexican artist and graphic artist, one of the brightest representatives of surrealism.
Frida Kahlo started painting after a car accident that left her bedridden for a year.
She was married to the famous Mexican communist artist Diego Rivera. Leon Trotsky found refuge in their house for a short time.
Born July 6, 1907 in Coyoacan, Mexico, died July 13, 1954 in Coyoacan.

The Embrace of Universal Love, Earth, Me, Diego and Coatl, 1949

Moses (Creation Core), 1945

Two Fridas, 1939

Andy Warhole(real. Andrey Varhola) - American artist, designer, director, producer, publisher, writer, collector. The founder of pop art, he is one of the most controversial personalities in the history of culture. Several films have been made based on the life of the artist.
Born August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, died in 1963 in New York.

German painting began its development in the early Middle Ages under the influence of the classical art of Ancient Rome and Byzantium.

During the dominance of the Gothic, painting turned to painting window panes, and for a long time was closely associated with architecture.

Painting takes a new direction in the 15th century under the influence of the Flemish school, brilliantly developed thanks to the van Eyck brothers.

Michael Wolgemuth is recognized as the first significant master of Germany. He probably learned the craft from the works of Flemish painters. Albrecht Dürer studied in his workshop in 1486-89, who later became the greatest German artist. The real grandeur of the Renaissance is manifested in his paintings.

Simultaneously with Dürer, the largest artist worked - Mathis Nithardt, nicknamed Grunewald. The color richness of his painting also belongs to the highest achievements of the national artistic culture.

The further development of painting was influenced by the work of the outstanding portrait painter, master of mythological and religious scenes, Lucas Cranach the Elder, who has a virtuoso art of decorative solutions and a subtle sense of landscape.

His influence affected the work of a whole galaxy of artists, in whose painting and graphics the landscape played an important role and who are known as the "Danube School".

The most prominent representative of the Danubian school of painting is Albrecht Altdorfer.

In the 17th century German artists, borrowing the ideals of classicism from other national schools and trying to keep them, they open their own Academy of Arts. Prior to its discovery in 1694, German artists had to travel abroad to Flanders, Italy, and Holland in order to receive professional training. Therefore, the influence of these national schools in the works of German painters is so noticeable.

The most gifted artists tried to defend their originality, although they could not completely abandon other people's models. German artists of the 17th century became a kind of prophets in a foreign country. In Germany itself, national talents were not valued or supported, the artist was in a humiliating, dependent position. A characteristic feature of German art of the 17th century as a whole is inconsistency, first of all, it is noted in the work of Joachim von Sandrart.

In the 18th century, the national styles of painting in Germany began to develop in parallel in various German states. Bavaria became one of the main centers of art. In the early period, the development of national painting proceeded within the framework of the Baroque, later it approached the styles of Rococo and Classicism. Anton Raphael Mengs, the most important German painter of the Classical era, had a greater influence on the painting of the 18th century and subsequent painting.

The first original and national in feeling German artist of the new time was Daniel Chodovetsky, a native of Danzig, one of the main representatives of Enlightenment realism.

In the second half of the 19th century, artists who were disappointed both in realism and in imitation of the old masters were looking for new themes and ways to implement them.

Carl Blechen became known as one of the first German "industrial" artists who sang of emerging industrial power.

The greatest master of the middle of the 19th century was the Berlin painter and graphic artist Adolf von Menzel.

Valued for accurate and at the same time picturesque city views of the 19th century by Johann Philipp Eduard Gärtner.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the bright talent of the famous German impressionist Lesser Uri appeared.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner entered the history of painting as the founder of one of the most notable phenomena in the artistic life of the early twentieth century - expressionism.

You can buy reproductions of paintings by German painters in our online store.

"Card Players"

Author

Paul Cezanne

A country France
Years of life 1839–1906
Style post-impressionism

The artist was born in the south of France in the small town of Aix-en-Provence, but began painting in Paris. Real success came to him after a solo exhibition organized by the collector Ambroise Vollard. In 1886, 20 years before his departure, he moved to the outskirts of his native city. Young artists called trips to him "a pilgrimage to Aix".

130x97 cm
1895
price
$250 million
sold in 2012
at private auction

Cezanne's work is easy to understand. The only rule of the artist was the direct transfer of the subject or plot to the canvas, so his paintings do not cause bewilderment of the viewer. Cezanne combined in his art two main French traditions: classicism and romanticism. With the help of colorful texture, he gave the form of objects an amazing plasticity.

A series of five paintings "Card Players" was written in 1890-1895. Their plot is the same - several people are enthusiastically playing poker. The works differ only in the number of players and the size of the canvas.

Four paintings are kept in museums in Europe and America (the Musée d'Orsay, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Barnes Foundation and the Courtauld Institute of Art), and the fifth, until recently, was an adornment of the private collection of the Greek billionaire shipowner George Embirikos. Shortly before his death, in the winter of 2011, he decided to put it up for sale. Potential buyers of Cezanne's "free" work were art dealer William Aquavella and world-famous gallery owner Larry Gagosian, who offered about $220 million for it. As a result, the painting went to the royal family of the Arab state of Qatar for 250 million. The largest art deal in the history of painting was closed in February 2012. This was reported to Vanity Fair by journalist Alexandra Pierce. She found out the cost of the painting and the name of the new owner, and then the information penetrated the media around the world.

In 2010, the Arab Museum of Modern Art and the Qatar National Museum opened in Qatar. Now their collections are growing. Perhaps the fifth version of The Card Players was acquired by the sheik for this purpose.

The mostexpensive picturein the world

Owner
Sheikh Hamad
bin Khalifa al-Thani

The al-Thani dynasty has ruled Qatar for over 130 years. About half a century ago, huge reserves of oil and gas were discovered here, which instantly made Qatar one of the richest regions in the world. Thanks to the export of hydrocarbons, this small country recorded the largest GDP per capita. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani seized power in 1995, while his father was in Switzerland, with the support of family members. The merit of the current ruler, according to experts, is in a clear strategy for the development of the country, creating a successful image of the state. Qatar now has a constitution and a prime minister, and women have gained the right to vote in parliamentary elections. By the way, it was the Emir of Qatar who founded the Al Jazeera news channel. The authorities of the Arab state pay great attention to culture.

2

"Number 5"

Author

Jackson Pollock

A country USA
Years of life 1912–1956
Style abstract expressionism

Jack the Sprinkler - such a nickname was given to Pollock by the American public for his special painting technique. The artist abandoned the brush and easel, and poured the paint on the surface of the canvas or fiberboard during continuous movement around and inside them. From an early age, he was fond of the philosophy of Jiddu Krishnamurti, the main message of which is that the truth is revealed during a free "outpouring".

122x244 cm
1948
price
$140 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Sotheby's

The value of Pollock's work is not in the result, but in the process. The author did not accidentally call his art "action painting". With his light hand, it became the main asset of America. Jackson Pollock mixed paint with sand, broken glass, and wrote with a piece of cardboard, a palette knife, a knife, a shovel. The artist was so popular that in the 1950s there were even imitators in the USSR. The painting "Number 5" is recognized as one of the strangest and most expensive in the world. One of the founders of DreamWorks, David Geffen, bought it for a private collection, and in 2006 sold it at Sotheby`s for $140 million to Mexican collector David Martinez. However, the law firm soon issued a press release on behalf of its client stating that David Martinez was not the owner of the painting. Only one thing is known for certain: the Mexican financier has indeed recently collected works of contemporary art. It is unlikely that he would have missed such a "big fish" as Pollock's "Number 5".

3

"Woman III"

Author

Willem de Kooning

A country USA
Years of life 1904–1997
Style abstract expressionism

A native of the Netherlands, he emigrated to the United States in 1926. In 1948, a personal exhibition of the artist took place. Art critics appreciated the complex, nervous black-and-white compositions, recognizing in their author a great modernist artist. For most of his life he suffered from alcoholism, but the joy of creating new art is felt in every work. De Kooning is distinguished by the impulsiveness of painting, broad strokes, which is why sometimes the image does not fit within the boundaries of the canvas.

121x171 cm
1953
price
$137 million
sold in 2006
at private auction

In the 1950s, women with empty eyes, massive breasts, and ugly features appear in de Kooning's paintings. "Woman III" was the last work from this series participating in the auction.

Since the 1970s, the painting has been kept in the Tehran Museum of Modern Art, but after the introduction of strict moral rules in the country, they sought to get rid of it. In 1994, the work was taken out of Iran, and 12 years later, its owner David Geffen (the same producer who sold Jackson Pollock's "Number 5") sold the painting to millionaire Stephen Cohen for $137.5 million. Interestingly, in one year Geffen began to sell his collection of paintings. This gave rise to a lot of rumors: for example, that the producer decided to buy the Los Angeles Times.

At one of the art forums, an opinion was expressed about the similarity of "Woman III" with the painting by Leonardo da Vinci "Lady with an Ermine". Behind the toothy smile and the shapeless figure of the heroine, the art connoisseur discerned the grace of a person of royal blood. This is also evidenced by the poorly traced crown crowning the head of a woman.

4

"Portrait of AdeleBloch-Bauer I"

Author

Gustav Klimt

A country Austria
Years of life 1862–1918
Style modern

Gustav Klimt was born into the family of an engraver and was the second of seven children. Three sons of Ernest Klimt became artists, and only Gustav became famous all over the world. He spent most of his childhood in poverty. After the death of his father, he was responsible for the entire family. It was at this time that Klimt developed his style. Before his paintings, any viewer freezes: under the thin strokes of gold, frank eroticism is clearly visible.

138x136 cm
1907
price
$135 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Sotheby's

The fate of the painting, which is called the "Austrian Mona Lisa", could easily become the basis for a bestseller. The work of the artist became the cause of the conflict of the whole state and one elderly lady.

So, the “Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I” depicts an aristocrat, the wife of Ferdinand Bloch. Her last will was to transfer the painting to the Austrian State Gallery. However, Bloch canceled the donation in his will, and the Nazis expropriated the painting. Later, the gallery hardly bought out the Golden Adele, but then the heiress appeared - Maria Altman, Ferdinand Bloch's niece.

In 2005, the high-profile trial "Maria Altman against the Republic of Austria" began, as a result of which the picture "left" with her to Los Angeles. Austria took unprecedented measures: loans were negotiated, the population donated money to buy the portrait. Good never conquered evil: Altman raised the price to $300 million. At the time of the trial, she was 79 years old, and she went down in history as the person who changed the will of Bloch-Bauer in favor of personal interests. The painting was purchased by Ronald Lauder, owner of the New Gallery in New York, where it remains to this day. Not for Austria, for him Altman reduced the price to $135 million.

5

"Scream"

Author

Edvard Munch

A country Norway
Years of life 1863–1944
Style expressionism

Munch's first painting, which became famous all over the world, "The Sick Girl" (exists in five copies) is dedicated to the artist's sister, who died of tuberculosis at the age of 15. Munch has always been interested in the theme of death and loneliness. In Germany, his heavy, manic painting even provoked a scandal. However, despite the depressing plots, his paintings have a special magnetism. Take at least "Scream".

73.5x91 cm
1895
price
$119.992 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Sotheby's

The full name of the painting is Der Schrei der Natur (translated from German - “the cry of nature”). The face of either a person or an alien expresses despair and panic - the viewer experiences the same emotions when looking at the picture. One of the key works of expressionism warns the themes that have become acute in the art of the 20th century. According to one version, the artist created it under the influence of a mental disorder, which he suffered all his life.

The painting was stolen twice from different museums, but it was returned. Slightly damaged after the theft, The Scream was restored and was ready to be shown again at the Munch Museum in 2008. For representatives of pop culture, the work has become a source of inspiration: Andy Warhol created a series of its prints-copies, and the mask from the movie "Scream" is made in the image and likeness of the hero of the picture.

For one plot, Munch wrote four versions of the work: the one in a private collection is made in pastel. Norwegian billionaire Petter Olsen put it up for auction on May 2, 2012. The buyer was Leon Black, who did not spare a record amount for the "Scream". Founder of Apollo Advisors, L.P. and Lion Advisors, L.P. known for his love of art. Black is a patron of Dartmouth College, the Museum of Modern Art, the Lincoln Art Center, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. It has the largest collection of paintings by contemporary artists and classical masters of past centuries.

6

"Nude against the background of a bust and green leaves"

Author

Pablo Picasso

A country Spain, France
Years of life 1881–1973
Style cubism

By origin he is a Spaniard, but in spirit and place of residence he is a real Frenchman. Picasso opened his own art studio in Barcelona when he was only 16 years old. Then he went to Paris and spent most of his life there. That is why there is a double stress in his last name. The style invented by Picasso is based on the denial of the opinion that the object depicted on the canvas can be viewed from only one angle.

130x162 cm
1932
price
$106.482 million
sold in 2010
on the auction Christie's

During his work in Rome, the artist met the dancer Olga Khokhlova, who soon became his wife. He put an end to vagrancy, moved with her to a luxurious apartment. By that time, recognition had found a hero, but the marriage was destroyed. One of the most expensive paintings in the world was created almost by accident - out of great love, which, as always with Picasso, was short-lived. In 1927, he became interested in the young Marie-Therese Walter (she was 17 years old, he was 45). Secretly from his wife, he left with his mistress for a town near Paris, where he painted a portrait depicting Marie-Therese in the image of Daphne. The painting was purchased by New York dealer Paul Rosenberg and sold in 1951 to Sidney F. Brody. The Brodys showed the painting to the world only once, and only because the artist was 80 years old. After her husband's death, Mrs. Brody put the work up for auction at Christie's in March 2010. In six decades, the price has risen more than 5,000 times! An unknown collector bought it for $106.5 million. In 2011, a “one-painting exhibition” was held in Britain, where it saw the light for the second time, but the name of the owner is still unknown.

7

"Eight Elvises"

Author

Andy Warhole

A country USA
Years of life 1928-1987
Style
pop Art

“Sex and parties are the only places where you need to appear in person,” said the cult pop artist, director, and one of the founders of Interview magazine, designer Andy Warhol. He worked with Vogue and Harper's Bazaar, designed record covers, and designed shoes for I.Miller. In the 1960s, paintings appeared depicting the symbols of America: Campbell`s soup and Coca-Cola, Presley and Monroe - which made him a legend.

358x208 cm
1963
price
$100 million
sold in 2008
at private auction

Warhol's 60s - the so-called era of pop art in America. In 1962, he worked in Manhattan at the Factory Studio, where all the bohemia of New York gathered. Its brightest representatives: Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, Truman Capote and other famous personalities in the world. At the same time, Warhol tried the technique of silk-screen printing - multiple repetitions of one image. He also used this method when creating "Eight Elvises": the viewer seems to see frames from a movie where the star comes to life. Everything that the artist loved so much is here: a win-win public image, silver color and a premonition of death as the main message.

There are two art dealers promoting Warhol's work on the world market today: Larry Gagosian and Alberto Mugrabi. The first in 2008 spent $200 million to purchase more than 15 Warhol works. The second buys and sells his paintings like Christmas cards, only more expensive. But it was not them, but the humble French art consultant Philippe Segalo who helped Roman art connoisseur Annibale Berlinghieri sell the Eight Elvises to an unknown buyer for a Warhol-record $100 million.

8

"Orange,Red Yellow"

Author

Mark Rothko

A country USA
Years of life 1903–1970
Style abstract expressionism

One of the creators of color field painting was born in Dvinsk, Russia (now Daugavpils, Latvia), in a large family of a Jewish pharmacist. In 1911 they emigrated to the USA. Rothko studied at the art department of Yale University, achieved a scholarship, but anti-Semitic sentiments forced him to leave his studies. Despite everything, art critics idolized the artist, and museums pursued him all his life.

206x236 cm
1961
price
$86.882 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Christie's

Rothko's first artistic experiments were of a surrealist orientation, but over time he simplified the plot to color spots, depriving them of any objectivity. At first they had bright hues, and in the 1960s they were filled with brown, purple, thickening to black by the time of the artist's death. Mark Rothko warned against looking for any meaning in his paintings. The author wanted to say exactly what he said: only the color that dissolves in the air, and nothing more. He recommended looking at the works from a distance of 45 cm, so that the viewer is "dragged" into the color, like into a funnel. Caution: viewing in accordance with all the rules can lead to the effect of meditation, that is, the awareness of infinity gradually comes, complete immersion in oneself, relaxation, purification. The color in his paintings lives, breathes and has a strong emotional impact (sometimes it is said to be healing). The artist said: "The viewer should cry looking at them" - and there really were such cases. According to Rothko's theory, at this moment people live the same spiritual experience that he had in the process of working on the picture. If you managed to understand it at such a subtle level, then do not be surprised that these works of abstractionism are often compared by critics with icons.

The work "Orange, Red, Yellow" expresses the essence of Mark Rothko's painting. Its initial cost at Christie's auction in New York is 35-45 million dollars. An unknown buyer offered a price twice the estimate. The name of the happy owner of the painting, as is often the case, was not disclosed.

9

"Triptych"

Author

Francis Bacon

A country
Great Britain
Years of life 1909–1992
Style expressionism

The adventures of Francis Bacon, a full namesake and, moreover, a distant descendant of the great philosopher, began when his father disowned him, unable to accept his son's homosexual inclinations. Bacon went first to Berlin, then to Paris, and then his traces are confused all over Europe. Even during his lifetime, his works were exhibited in the leading cultural centers of the world, including the Guggenheim Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery.

147.5x198 cm (each)
1976
price
$86.2 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's

Prestigious museums strove to possess paintings by Bacon, but the prim English public was in no hurry to fork out for such art. The legendary British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher said of him: "The man who paints these horrific pictures."

The starting period in his work, the artist himself considered the post-war period. Returning from the service, he again took up painting and created the main masterpieces. Prior to the participation of "Triptych, 1976" in the auction, Bacon's most expensive work was "Study for a Portrait of Pope Innocent X" (52.7 million dollars). In the "Triptych, 1976" the artist depicted the mythical plot of the persecution of Orestes by the furies. Of course, Orestes is Bacon himself, and the furies are his torments. For more than 30 years, the painting was in a private collection and did not participate in exhibitions. This fact gives it a special value and, accordingly, increases the cost. But what is a few million for a connoisseur of art, and even generous in Russian? Roman Abramovich began to create his collection in the 1990s, in this he was significantly influenced by his girlfriend Dasha Zhukova, who has become a fashionable gallery owner in modern Russia. According to unofficial data, the businessman owns works by Alberto Giacometti and Pablo Picasso, bought for amounts exceeding $100 million. In 2008, he became the owner of the Triptych. By the way, in 2011, another valuable work by Bacon was acquired - "Three sketches for a portrait of Lucian Freud." Hidden sources say that Roman Arkadievich again became the buyer.

10

"Pond with water lilies"

Author

Claude Monet

A country France
Years of life 1840–1926
Style impressionism

The artist is recognized as the founder of impressionism, who "patented" this method in his canvases. The first significant work was the painting "Breakfast on the Grass" (the original version of the work of Edouard Manet). In his youth, he drew caricatures, and took up real painting during his travels along the coast and in the open air. In Paris, he led a bohemian lifestyle and did not leave it even after serving in the army.

210x100 cm
1919
price
$80.5 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Christie's

Besides the fact that Monet was a great artist, he was also enthusiastically engaged in gardening, adored wildlife and flowers. In his landscapes, the state of nature is momentary, objects seem to be blurred by the movement of air. The impression is enhanced by large strokes, from a certain distance they become invisible and merge into a textured, three-dimensional image. In the painting of the late Monet, a special place is occupied by the theme of water and life in it. In the town of Giverny, the artist had his own pond, where he grew water lilies from seeds specially brought by him from Japan. When their flowers bloomed, he began to paint. The Water Lilies series consists of 60 works that the artist painted over almost 30 years, until his death. His vision deteriorated with age, but he did not stop. Depending on the wind, season and weather, the view of the pond was constantly changing, and Monet wanted to capture these changes. Through careful work, an understanding of the essence of nature came to him. Some of the paintings of the series are kept in the leading galleries of the world: National Museum of Western Art (Tokyo), Orangerie (Paris). The version of the next "Pond with water lilies" went into the hands of an unknown buyer for a record amount.

11

False Star t

Author

Jasper Johns

A country USA
Year of birth 1930
Style pop Art

In 1949, Jones entered the design school in New York. Along with Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning and others, he is recognized as one of the main artists of the 20th century. In 2012, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.

137.2x170.8 cm
1959
price
$80 million
sold in 2006
at private auction

Like Marcel Duchamp, Jones worked with real objects, depicting them on canvas and in sculpture in full accordance with the original. For his works, he used simple and understandable objects for everyone: a beer bottle, a flag or maps. There is no clear composition in the False Start picture. The artist seems to be playing with the viewer, often “incorrectly” signing the colors in the picture, turning the very concept of color upside down: “I wanted to find a way to depict the color so that it could be determined by some other method.” His most explosive and "insecure", according to critics, painting was acquired by an unknown buyer.

12

"Seatednudeon the couch"

Author

Amedeo Modigliani

A country Italy, France
Years of life 1884–1920
Style expressionism

Modigliani was often ill from childhood, during a feverish delirium, he recognized his destiny as an artist. He studied drawing in Livorno, Florence, Venice, and in 1906 he left for Paris, where his art flourished.

65x100 cm
1917
price
$68.962 million
sold in 2010
on the auction Sotheby's

In 1917, Modigliani met 19-year-old Jeanne Hebuterne, who became his model and later his wife. In 2004, one of her portraits sold for $31.3 million, the last record before the sale of Seated Nude on a Sofa in 2010. The painting was purchased by an unknown buyer for the highest price for Modigliani at the moment. Active sales of works began only after the death of the artist. He died in poverty, suffering from tuberculosis, and the next day, Jeanne Hebuterne, who was nine months pregnant, also committed suicide.

13

"Eagle on a Pine"

Author

Qi Baishi

A country China
Years of life 1864–1957
Style guohua

Interest in calligraphy led Qi Baishi to paint. At the age of 28, he became a student of the artist Hu Qingyuan. The Ministry of Culture of China awarded him the title of "Great Artist of the Chinese People", in 1956 he received the International Peace Prize.

10x26 cm
1946
price
$65.4 million
sold in 2011
on the auction China Guardian

Qi Baishi was interested in those manifestations of the surrounding world, which many do not attach importance to, and this is his greatness. A man without education became a professor and an outstanding creator in history. Pablo Picasso said about him: "I'm afraid to go to your country, because there is Qi Baishi in China." The composition "Eagle on a Pine Tree" is recognized as the largest work of the artist. In addition to the canvas, it includes two hieroglyphic scrolls. For China, the amount for which the product was bought is a record - 425.5 million yuan. Only the scroll of the ancient calligrapher Huang Tingjian was sold for 436.8 million dollars.

14

"1949-A-#1"

Author

Clifford Still

A country USA
Years of life 1904–1980
Style abstract expressionism

At the age of 20, he visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and was disappointed. Later, he signed up for a student arts league course, but left 45 minutes after the start of the class - it turned out to be “not his”. The first personal exhibition caused a resonance, the artist found himself, and with it recognition

79x93 cm
1949
price
$61.7 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's

All his works, which are more than 800 canvases and 1600 works on paper, Still bequeathed to the American city, where a museum named after him will be opened. Denver became such a city, but only the construction was expensive for the authorities, and four works were put up for auction to complete it. Still's works are unlikely to be auctioned ever again, which raised their price in advance. Painting "1949-A-No.1" sold for a record amount for the artist, although experts predicted the sale of a maximum of 25-35 million dollars.

15

"Suprematist composition"

Author

Kazimir Malevich

A country Russia
Years of life 1878–1935
Style Suprematism

Malevich studied painting at the Kyiv Art School, then at the Moscow Academy of Arts. In 1913, he began to paint abstract geometric paintings in a style that he called Suprematism (from Latin “dominance”).

71x 88.5 cm
1916
price
$60 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's

The painting was kept in the city museum of Amsterdam for about 50 years, but after a 17-year dispute with Malevich's relatives, the museum gave it away. The artist painted this work in the same year as The Manifesto of Suprematism, so Sotheby`s even before the auction announced that it would not go to a private collection for less than $60 million. And so it happened. It is better to look at it from above: the figures on the canvas resemble an aerial view of the earth. By the way, a few years earlier, the same relatives expropriated another "Suprematist composition" from the MoMA Museum in order to sell it at Phillips for $17 million.

16

"Bathers"

Author

Paul Gauguin

A country France
Years of life 1848–1903
Style post-impressionism

Until the age of seven, the artist lived in Peru, then returned to France with his family, but childhood memories constantly pushed him to travel. In France, he began to paint, was friends with Van Gogh. He even spent several months with him in Arles, until Van Gogh cut off his ear during a quarrel.

93.4x60.4 cm
1902
price
$55 million
sold in 2005
on the auction Sotheby's

In 1891, Gauguin arranged a sale of his paintings in order to use the proceeds to go deep into the island of Tahiti. There he created works in which one can feel the subtle connection between nature and man. Gauguin lived in a thatched hut, and a tropical paradise blossomed on his canvases. His wife was a 13-year-old Tahitian Tehura, which did not prevent the artist from engaging in promiscuity. Having contracted syphilis, he left for France. However, Gauguin was cramped there, and he returned to Tahiti. This period is called the "second Tahitian" - it was then that the painting "Bathers" was painted, one of the most luxurious in his work.

17

"Daffodils and a tablecloth in blue and pink"

Author

Henri Matisse

A country France
Years of life 1869–1954
Style Fauvism

In 1889, Henri Matisse had an attack of appendicitis. When he recovered from the operation, his mother bought him paints. First, out of boredom, Matisse copied colored postcards, then - the works of great painters that he saw in the Louvre, and at the beginning of the 20th century he came up with a style - fauvism.

65.2x81 cm
1911
price
$46.4 million
sold in 2009
on the auction Christie's

The painting "Daffodils and a Tablecloth in Blue and Pink" belonged to Yves Saint Laurent for a long time. After the death of the couturier, his entire collection of art passed into the hands of his friend and lover Pierre Berger, who decided to put it up for auction at Christie's. The pearl of the sold collection was the painting "Daffodils and a tablecloth in blue and pink", painted on an ordinary tablecloth instead of canvas. As an example of Fauvism, it is filled with the energy of color, the colors seem to explode and scream. Of the well-known series of tablecloth paintings, today this work is the only one that is in a private collection.

18

"Sleeping Girl"

Author

RoyLee

chtenstein

A country USA
Years of life 1923–1997
Style pop Art

The artist was born in New York, and after graduating from school, he went to Ohio, where he went to art courses. In 1949, Liechtenstein received his Master of Fine Arts degree. Interest in comics and the ability to be ironic made him a cult artist of the last century.

91x91 cm
1964
price
$44.882 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Sotheby's

Once, chewing gum fell into Liechtenstein's hands. He redrawn the picture from the insert on the canvas and became famous. This plot from his biography contains the whole message of pop art: consumption is the new god, and there is no less beauty in a gum wrapper than in Mona Lisa. His paintings are reminiscent of comics and cartoons: Lichtenstein simply enlarged the finished image, drew rasters, used screen printing and silkscreen printing. The painting "Sleeping Girl" belonged to collectors Beatrice and Philip Gersh for almost 50 years, whose heirs sold it at auction.

19

"Victory. Boogie Woogie"

Author

Piet Mondrian

A country Netherlands
Years of life 1872–1944
Style neoplasticism

His real name - Cornelis - the artist changed to Mondrian when he moved to Paris in 1912. Together with the artist Theo van Doesburg, he founded the neoplastic movement. The Piet programming language is named after Mondrian.

27x127 cm
1944
price
$40 million
sold in 1998
on the auction Sotheby's

The most "musical" of the artists of the 20th century made a living with watercolor still lifes, although he became famous as a neoplastic artist. He moved to the USA in the 1940s and spent the rest of his life there. Jazz and New York - that's what inspired him the most! Painting "Victory. Boogie Woogie is the best example of this. "Branded" neat squares were obtained through the use of adhesive tape - Mondrian's favorite material. In America, he was called "the most famous immigrant." In the sixties, Yves Saint Laurent produced the world-famous "Mondrian" dresses with a large colored check print.

20

"Composition No. 5"

Author

BasilKandinsky

A country Russia
Years of life 1866–1944
Style avant-garde

The artist was born in Moscow, and his father was from Siberia. After the revolution, he tried to cooperate with the Soviet authorities, but soon realized that the laws of the proletariat were not created for him, and emigrated to Germany not without difficulties.

275x190 cm
1911
price
$40 million
sold in 2007
on the auction Sotheby's

Kandinsky was one of the first to completely abandon object painting, for which he received the title of genius. During Nazism in Germany, his paintings were classified as "degenerate art" and were not exhibited anywhere. In 1939, Kandinsky took French citizenship, in Paris he freely participated in the artistic process. His paintings “sound” like fugues, which is why many are called “compositions” (the first was written in 1910, the last in 1939). “Composition No. 5” is one of the key works in this genre: “The word “composition” sounded like a prayer to me,” the artist said. Unlike many followers, he planned what he would depict on a huge canvas, as if writing notes.

21

"Study of a Woman in Blue"

Author

Fernand Léger

A country France
Years of life 1881–1955
Style cubism-post-impressionism

Leger received an architectural education, and then was a student at the School of Fine Arts in Paris. The artist considered himself a follower of Cezanne, was an apologist for cubism, and in the 20th century he also had success as a sculptor.

96.5x129.5 cm
1912–1913
price
$39.2 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's

David Normann, president of Sotheby's International Impressionism and Modernism, believes the huge sum paid for The Lady in Blue is entirely justified. The painting belongs to the famous Leger collection (the artist painted three paintings on one plot, the last of them is in private hands today. - Ed.), and the surface of the canvas has been preserved in its original form. The author himself gave this work to the Der Sturm gallery, then it ended up in the collection of Hermann Lang, a German collector of modernism, and now belongs to an unknown buyer.

22

"Street scene. Berlin"

Author

Ernst LudwigKirchner

A country Germany
Years of life 1880–1938
Style expressionism

For German expressionism, Kirchner became a landmark person. However, local authorities accused him of adherence to "degenerate art", which tragically affected the fate of his paintings and the life of the artist, who committed suicide in 1938.

95x121 cm
1913
price
$38.096 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Christie's

After moving to Berlin, Kirchner created 11 sketches of street scenes. He was inspired by the bustle and nervousness of the big city. In the painting, sold in 2006 in New York, the artist's anxiety is especially acute: people on a Berlin street resemble birds - graceful and dangerous. She was the last work from the famous series, sold at auction, the rest are kept in museums. In 1937, the Nazis brutally treated Kirchner: 639 of his works were seized from German galleries, destroyed or sold abroad. The artist could not survive this.

23

"Restingdancer"

Author

Edgar Degas

A country France
Years of life 1834–1917
Style impressionism

The history of Degas as an artist began with the fact that he worked as a copyist in the Louvre. He dreamed of becoming "famous and unknown", and in the end he succeeded. At the end of his life, deaf and blind, 80-year-old Degas continued to attend exhibitions and auctions.

64x59 cm
1879
price
$37.043 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's

“Ballerinas have always been for me just an excuse to depict fabrics and capture movement,” said Degas. The scenes from the life of the dancers seem to be peeped: the girls do not pose for the artist, but simply become part of the atmosphere caught by Degas's gaze. Resting Dancer sold for $28 million in 1999, and less than 10 years later it was bought for $37 million - today it is the artist's most expensive work ever put up for auction. Degas paid much attention to frames, he designed them himself and forbade changing them. I wonder what frame is installed on the sold painting?

24

"Painting"

Author

Juan Miro

A country Spain
Years of life 1893–1983
Style abstract art

During the Spanish Civil War, the artist was on the side of the Republicans. In 1937, he fled from fascist power to Paris, where he lived in poverty with his family. During this period, Miro paints the painting "Help Spain!", Drawing the attention of the whole world to the dominance of fascism.

89x115 cm
1927
price
$36.824 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Sotheby's

The second name of the painting is "Blue Star". The artist wrote it in the same year when he announced: “I want to kill painting” and mercilessly mocked the canvases, scratching the paint with nails, gluing feathers to the canvas, covering the work with garbage. His goal was to debunk the myths about the mystery of painting, but, having coped with this, Miro created his own myth - a surreal abstraction. His "Painting" refers to the cycle of "pictures-dreams". Four buyers fought for it at the auction, but one incognito phone call settled the dispute, and "Painting" became the artist's most expensive painting.

25

"Blue Rose"

Author

Yves Klein

A country France
Years of life 1928–1962
Style monochrome painting

The artist was born into a family of painters, but studied oriental languages, navigation, the craft of a gilder of frames, Zen Buddhism and much more. His personality and impudent antics were many times more interesting than monochrome paintings.

153x199x16 cm
1960
price
$36.779 million
sold in 2012
at Christie's auction

The first exhibition of solid yellow, orange, pink works did not arouse public interest. Klein was offended and the next time he presented 11 identical canvases, painted with ultramarine mixed with a special synthetic resin. He even patented this method. The color went down in history as the "International Klein Blue". The artist also sold emptiness, created paintings by exposing paper to rain, setting fire to cardboard, making prints of a human body on canvas. In a word, I experimented as best I could. To create the "Blue Rose" I used dry pigments, resins, pebbles and a natural sponge.

26

"Looking for Moses"

Author

Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema

A country Great Britain
Years of life 1836–1912
Style neoclassicism

Sir Lawrence himself added the prefix "alma" to his surname in order to appear first in art catalogs. In Victorian England, his paintings were so in demand that the artist was awarded a knighthood.

213.4x136.7 cm
1902
price
$35.922 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's

The main theme of Alma-Tadema's work was antiquity. In the paintings, he tried to depict the era of the Roman Empire in the smallest detail, for this he even engaged in archaeological excavations on the Apennine Peninsula, and in his London house he reproduced the historical interior of those years. Mythological stories became another source of inspiration for him. The artist was in great demand during his lifetime, but after his death he was quickly forgotten. Now interest is reviving, as evidenced by the cost of the painting "In Search of Moses", seven times higher than the pre-sale estimate.

27

"Portrait of a sleeping naked official"

Author

Lucian Freud

A country Germany,
Great Britain
Years of life 1922–2011
Style figurative painting

The artist is the grandson of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. After the establishment of fascism in Germany, his family emigrated to the UK. Freud's works are in the Wallace Collection in London, where no contemporary artist has previously exhibited.

219.1x151.4 cm
1995
price
$33.6 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Christie's

While the fashionable artists of the 20th century created positive "color spots on the wall" and sold them for millions, Freud painted extremely naturalistic paintings and sold them for even more. “I capture the cries of the soul and the suffering of withering flesh,” he said. Critics believe that all this is the "legacy" of Sigmund Freud. The paintings were so actively exhibited and successfully sold that the experts had a doubt: do they have hypnotic properties? Sold at auction, "Portrait of a sleeping naked official", according to the Sun, was acquired by connoisseur of beauty and billionaire Roman Abramovich.

28

"Violin and Guitar"

Author

Xone gris

A country Spain
Years of life 1887–1927
Style cubism

Born in Madrid, where he graduated from the School of Arts and Crafts. In 1906 he moved to Paris and entered the circle of the most influential artists of the era: Picasso, Modigliani, Braque, Matisse, Leger, also worked with Sergei Diaghilev and his troupe.

5x100 cm
1913
price
$28.642 million
sold in 2010
on the auction Christie's

Gris, in his own words, was engaged in "planar, colored architecture." His paintings are precisely thought out: he did not leave a single accidental stroke, which makes creativity related to geometry. The artist created his own version of cubism, although he had great respect for Pablo Picasso, the founding father of the movement. The successor even dedicated his first Cubist work, Tribute to Picasso, to him. The painting "Violin and Guitar" is recognized as outstanding in the artist's work. During his lifetime, Gris was known, favored by critics and art historians. His works are exhibited in the world's largest museums and are kept in private collections.

29

"PortraitFields of Eluard»

Author

Salvador Dali

A country Spain
Years of life 1904–1989
Style surrealism

“Surrealism is me,” Dali said when he was expelled from the Surrealist group. Over time, he became the most famous surrealist artist. Dali's work is everywhere, not just in galleries. For example, it was he who came up with the packaging for Chupa-Chups.

25x33 cm
1929
price
$20.6 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's

In 1929, the poet Paul Eluard and his Russian wife Gala came to visit the great provocateur and brawler Dali. The meeting was the beginning of a love story that lasted more than half a century. The painting "Portrait of Paul Eluard" was painted just during this historic visit. “I felt that I was entrusted with the duty to capture the face of the poet, from whose Olympus I stole one of the muses,” the artist said. Before meeting Gala, he was a virgin and was disgusted at the thought of having sex with a woman. The love triangle existed until the death of Eluard, after which it became the Dali-Gala duet.

30

"Anniversary"

Author

Marc Chagall

A country Russia, France
Years of life 1887–1985
Style avant-garde

Moishe Segal was born in Vitebsk, but in 1910 he emigrated to Paris, changed his name, and became close to the leading avant-garde artists of the era. In the 1930s, when the Nazis seized power, he left for the United States with the help of an American consul. He returned to France only in 1948.

80x103 cm
1923
price
$14.85 million
sold in 1990
at Sotheby's auction

The painting "Jubilee" is recognized as one of the best works of the artist. It has all the features of his work: the physical laws of the world are erased, the feeling of a fairy tale is preserved in the scenery of petty-bourgeois life, and love is in the center of the plot. Chagall did not draw people from nature, but only from memory or fantasizing. The painting "Jubilee" depicts the artist himself with his wife Bela. The painting was sold in 1990 and has not been bid since. Interestingly, the New York Museum of Modern Art MoMA keeps exactly the same, only under the name "Birthday". By the way, it was written earlier - in 1915.

draft prepared
Tatyana Palasova
rating compiled
according to the list www.art-spb.ru
tmn magazine №13 (May-June 2013)

La douleur passe, la beauté reste (c) Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Carl Gustav Carus(01/03/1789-1869) - one of the largest representatives of the German romantic landscape.
Originally from Leipzig, Carl Gustav received an excellent education, first at school and then at the University of Leipzig. Painting accompanied him from a young age, but nevertheless Carus chose gynecology and obstetrics as his profession. In Dresden, he became a professor in the department of obstetrics, and the university clinic now bears his name.
Carus himself had a "philosophizing" approach to art to a much greater extent than any of the landscape painters of that era. Carus was not an artist by education and came to painting from his already established scientific and philosophical views. A well-known Dresden naturalist, thinker and doctor, he, like many prominent people of that time, possessed a spiritual universalism that allowed him to turn to different types of activity - science, art, literature - and to say his word in each.
The great example of such universalism at that time was Goethe, who combined poet, artist and scientist. But Goethe himself wrote to Carus in one of his letters: "Really, in your activity you combine so many personality traits, abilities, skills, the deep living connection of which is surprising." Their friendship and scientific communication, which began when Carus was still a young obstetrician professor in Dresden, continued until Goethe's death. As is known, the merging, enriching the interpenetration of art and science, was no less characteristic of the era of romanticism than the turning of art to a fairy tale, myth, fantasy. Romantic natural philosophy turned the idea of ​​the universe upside down, gave everything a new, inspiring justification - and in the eyes of the romantics, the specific sciences of nature were filled with a new, mysterious and even poetic meaning. The poet Novalis was occupied with the structure of rocks, the artist Runge was engaged in the physical theory of color, Carus, in connection with his pictorial tasks, set about the scientific study of atmospheric phenomena, the laws of formation and structure of clouds ...
The romantic worldview brought nature and man face to face, seeing in both the manifestation of a single and infinite spiritual principle. In the view of the romantics, the spirit that lives an unconsciously creative life in nature, giving rise to all the diversity of its forms, manifests itself in man as consciousness, a variety of feelings, thoughts, and activities. A person feels in nature a being related to himself, cognizes and expresses it - both in science and in art; the spiritual essence of a person tends to merge with the spiritual essence of the world. Therefore, it was not for nothing that the naturalist and the artist in that era became so close to each other, and the landscape became the most fruitful direction of romantic art in Germany.
Carus, in the spirit of romantic philosophy, defined the relationship of art to science in this way: science cognizes parts, art is subject to the spirit of the whole, because in art a person himself is partly likened to unconsciously creative nature. The truth is in their combination. Scientific data acquire final meaning in a holistic artistic expression, and art, if it meets the goal, must be based on deep scientific knowledge. This combination determined the romantic personality of Karus.
As already mentioned, Carus did not study painting, he was self-taught. His first works are directly related to his scientific studies - these are anatomical and botanical studios. And only gradually there is an interest in the landscape. But Carus really found his way in art when he moved from Leipzig, where he graduated from the university, to Dresden and met Caspar David Friedrich (in 1817). Friedrich was the first to discover the specific language of the romantic landscape. Probably, his paintings cannot be called landscapes in the traditional sense of the word in which this genre was formed and existed before him in European art. This is not an image of the area - real or ideal - but, in the language of romanticism, philosophical, spiritual contemplation in the forms of visible nature. Carus found a designation for this new kind of art - he proposed calling it not a landscape, but "an image of the life of the earth." He so deeply accepted the principles of Friedrich's art that there is still doubt about some of the paintings - they belong to the "teacher" or "student".
Fascinated by Friedrich, in his footsteps, Carus in 1819 set off on a journey to the island of Rügen, where, like Frederick, he painted seascapes. The sea and sky in these canvases serve the artist, as if in order to give an idea of ​​the very infinity of nature. In the painting "Surf on Rügen" only a narrow strip of rocky shore and large, monotonously billowing waves to the horizon are shown. The landscape is striking in its majestic desertion; the artist wanted to convey the nature of the great, powerful and deaf, such as it is in itself, and not as it is usually perceived and adapted to its needs by an unreflective person. In the painting "Moonlight Night on Rügen" the artist also removes the last support - the coast; we see the sea in a way that a person cannot see it at all - in the middle of the water desert, from above, like seagulls flying close by; and we cannot take our eyes off the moonlit undulating ripples below us. The artist peers into the infinite natural element with intentness and expectation, as he would peer into the face of a person.
The fact that nature endowed with the spirit, like man, can have its own "expression", consonant with human feelings, is the conviction expressed by Carus in his theoretical and philosophical work "Nine Letters on Landscape Painting". Such expressions - sadness, peace, renewal, etc. - give the picture of nature the time of day, the season. The receptivity of a romantic artist, convinced of the inner relationship between nature and man, sees in a certain combination of natural motifs not an accident, but symbols of a spiritual state. Imbued with this mindset, we will understand, for example, the artist's thought in the painting "Cemetery of the Oybin Monastery" (1828): the ruins of the church, graves under the snow - this is decay, numbness, non-existence; mighty green firs rising in the center of the composition - a premonition of the coming revival.

In the work of Carus there are a number of paintings directly dedicated to the theme of spiritual kinship and the silent secret dialogue between man and nature. In these paintings, a person is not naturally located in the bosom of nature, like staffage in a classical landscape. He is always outside of her, looking at her from the window, from the opening, from the terrace, but he is united with the landscape in a different way - with empathy, a common spiritual state. Such is the "Lady on the Terrace" (1824), staring into the bluish dawn distance. This is one of the most famous paintings by Karus "Moving in a barque across the Elbe" (1827). From the dark space of the covered barge, through the eyes of a young well-dressed girl sitting here, we look at the river and the landscape shining in the distance on the opposite bank, dissolving in the sunlight, with the silhouette of Dresden and imbued with its state of joyful expectation, a rush from darkness to light, from everyday life to a miracle. And finally, one of the most peculiar paintings by Carus - "Brühl's Terrace in Dresden" (1830). Twilight. Wet mist. From the fog itself, like a wonderful vision, the pointed silhouette of the Dresden Hofkirche emerges. In the foreground, near the parapet of the terrace, are the figures of vagabonds or wanderers: a hunched old man sitting, as if in a daze, with a child pressed against his knees, a dog lies at their feet. A man is dreaming, and the city is immersed in fog, as if in a dream. At this hour, they seem to merge with each other in a silent conversation unknown to anyone, full of secret meaning.
A special theme is woven into the painting of Karus, the motif of art, creativity. The painting "Balcony in Naples" (1829-1830) is somewhat reminiscent of "Moving over the Elbe": from the room, through the open balcony door, we see the sun-drenched city on the other side of the bay. It seems that only one thing is missing - a person looking into this distance; indeed, there is no man here, but there is his song - a violin placed at the very door. There is also no person in another painting by Carus, "The Artist's Studio in the Moonlight" (1826). The light squares of the window on a transparent curtain are crossed out by the dark silhouette of an easel and a bullpen. And there are no more contrasts, everything is immersed in enveloping darkness, peace. One feels that unclear, vague, but tense-spiritual state in which images are born while the mind and will of the artist are asleep. Few people have been able to convey with such force the very mysterious atmosphere of creativity than this scientist-naturalist, professor and philosopher, who was touched and turned into an artist by the spiritual impulse of romanticism.

Franz von Stuck (German: Franz von Stuck; February 23, 1863, Tettenweiss - August 30, 1928, Munich) was a German painter and sculptor.
The son of a country miller, Franz von Stuck studied at the Royal School of Arts and Crafts in Munich and then at the Munich Academy of Arts. Von Stuck was fond of new artistic techniques and genres and, together with Wilhelm Trubner, founded the Munich Secession in 1892.
Since 1895, Stuck has been a professor at the Academy of Arts, among his students were Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Joseph Hengge, Georg Kars, Paul Stollreiter and Heinrich Striffler. In 1906, Franz von Stuck received a title of nobility. Along with Franz von Lenbach and Friedrich August von Kaulbach, von Stuck is a prominent representative of the Munich school of fine art.
Inspired by the work of Arnold Böcklin, Stuck painted floatingly unrealistic paintings based on scenes from the world of fantasy and allegory, symbolic images, such as his Sin (1893) and War (1894). Many of his large-format works are distinguished by an ambiguous erotic atmosphere. Von Stuck's paintings, which depicted often nude female and male bodies, received an unusually strong artistic perception from the public during the Victorian era, with slightly "hysterical" features.

The most famous artist in Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was the landscape painter Hans Thoma. He painted naturalistically and simply, mainly the Black Forest - a forest in southern Germany, which is associated with a number of myths and traditions of German folklore. Contemporaries called him the greatest German artist, and Adolf Hitler considered Tom the greatest artist of all time. Dozens of streets and squares in German cities were named after him, and he was honored with this honor during his lifetime.
After 1945, the fame of Hans Thoma began to fade rapidly, and today his paintings cause more skeptical grin than delight, if anyone else remembers them at all.

Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix(German Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix, December 2, 1891, Gera, Thuringia, German Empire - July 25, 1969, Singen, Baden, Germany) - German expressionist and graphic artist, author of emotionally intense, shocking paintings.
An avant-garde artist, in the 1920s he was associated with Dadaism and Expressionism. Along with Georg Gross, Dix was a representative of the so-called "new materiality". Dix's canvases are distinguished by social and pacifist motifs, painful spiritual quests.
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Death and war go hand in hand. They are two best friends. One prepares the field for a well-honed scythe of the other. If he agrees with the thesis that the history of mankind is the history of wars, then the latter is one of the important and influential means of human interaction. The phenomenon of war is reflected in ideological constructs, political doctrinairism, in philosophical treatises and debates, and of course in the mirror of fine art.
For a long time, it was customary to depict death in war as heroic, pure, and symbolic. But now, sweeping away everything in its path, chirping with machine guns, rattling with the rumble of thousands of guns, clouds of chlorine and caterpillar monsters, the First World War broke into the history of mankind. It completely changed the whole world, changed the attitude of people to the war itself and the perception of death on it. Naturally, the media and art played a primary role in the creation and dissemination of new meanings on this occasion (not counting the First World War itself, which involved millions of people around the world). Of course, the novels of Remarque and Hemingway immediately come to mind, which largely determined the attitude towards war in the mass consciousness of the modern “civilized world”. We will talk about another representative of the generation that made the World War, but not related to literary creativity.
War and death through the eyes of the German expressionist artist Otto Dix... His painting still raises a lot of controversy and is subject to the most original interpretations. The military series of etchings, published in 1924 (a few more works on the theme of the war were written in the 1930s, for example, the triptych "War" 1929-1932), the artist plans while still at the front, making sketches in the endless trenches of the Western Front (on which there is "nothing new", if we literally translate the title of Remarque's famous novel). Like many young men of his generation, who succumbed, according to the apt expression of Ernst Junger, to the "hops of war", Otto goes to the front as a volunteer. He later attributed his decision to natural curiosity: “Obviously, I'm just too curious. I should have seen it all - hunger, lice, dirt and other abominations. I had to experience these terrible depths of life for myself, which is why I went to war voluntarily. Dix has seen enough of all this in full, involved in the maelstrom of the "big war", he fights for four long years, gets wounded and the Iron Cross. And this image is complemented by another interesting fact: he went through the whole war with a volume of Nietzsche and the Bible. At the front, he is guided not only by the military regulations, but also by Nietzsche's instructions for artists: "Depicting terrible and controversial things is the instinct of the will and greatness of the artist, he should not be afraid of this."
Chilling horror, inevitability and a sense of the constant presence of death - this is what characterizes the work of Dix's military series. At the same time, death in his works is always disgusting and frightening with its routine.
War and its companion - death in the universe of Otto Dix appears before us as an incredible cataclysm, an element that does not spare anyone, overturns consciousness and plunges into a state of dope and unreality of what is happening. Death ceases to be an out of the ordinary event, loses its heroic halo and is subverted to the level of everyday life and appears before us in the most unattractive light.
In the Third Reich, Dix's work was deemed "degenerate" and "degenerate". He will also be expelled from the Dresden Academy. The artist was destined to go to war again. At the age of 53, Otto Dix was drafted into the Volkssturm (people's militia) in 1945. But he did not have to participate in the battles for long, only a few days. After that, he will be captured by French troops and will be released only in 1946. D. Zhitinev: "Otto Dix: death and war"

Richard Müller (1874-1954) - professor at the Dresden Art Academy from 1900 to 1935
With the coming to power of the Nazis, he was removed from office, because. was married to American singer Lilian Sanderson, who did not renounce American citizenship.

Sasha Schneider , Karl Alexander Schneider (German: Sascha Schneider, Karl Alexander Schneider, September 21, 1870, St. Petersburg - August 18, 1927, Swinemünde, now Swinoujscie) - German Art Nouveau artist, famous for illustrations for the novels of Karl May. The early years of the future artist were spent in St. Petersburg. After the death of his father, his mother moved with the children to Dresden. In 1881 the Schneiders settled in Zurich. Karl Alexander studied at the gymnasium and then at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden. In 1903 he met Karl May and started illustrating his books. Since 1904 - teacher at the art school in Weimar. Because of his partner's threats to reveal his homosexual inclinations, which were then prosecuted under German law, he moved to Italy, where such inclinations were not among the crimes. Traveled, including - in the Caucasus. Suffered from diabetes. Wanting to drink on a ship approaching Swinemünde, he mistakenly drank a poisonous stain remover. He was buried in Loschwitz - now Dresden.

Oskar Zwintscher

Oskar Zvincher(German Oskar Zwintscher; May 2, 1870, Leipzig - February 12, 1916, Dresden) - German symbolist painter.
Son of music teacher Bruno Zvintscher, brother of pianist Rudolf Zvintscher. He received his art education at the Leipzig Academy of Arts (1887-1890) and - under the guidance of Leon Field and Ferdinand Pauwels - at the Dresden Academy of Arts (1890-1892). After graduation, he lived as a freelance artist in Meissen for three years, receiving a scholarship from the Munkelch Foundation for Saxon Artists. In 1898, he exhibited his work for the first time, winning the award of the chocolate magnate Ludwig Stollwerk. In 1898, the series of his works "The Seasons" was published, in 1900 it was followed by the series "Bad Weather". In 1904, he himself was a member of the committee for awarding prizes from the "manufacturer of chocolate, cocoa and champagne firm Stollwerk." Since 1903, the artist has been a professor at the Dresden Academy of Arts.
Zvintscher's canvases imitate the manner of painting by the old German masters - Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans Holbein the Younger and others. German symbolists had a great influence on his work: Arnold Böcklin, Ludwig Richter, Moritz von Schwind. He wrote out his works carefully down to the smallest detail; was a fundamental opponent of impressionism. He was a close friend of the artist and sculptor Sasha Schneider, who authored the creation of the ephebe sculpture with a torch, installed on the grave of O. Zvincher at the Loschwitz cemetery in Dresden.

Of great importance in Klinger's work was graphics, in which he was a virtuoso master and to which he, in his book "Painting and Drawing", published in 1891, attaches special, independent significance in displaying the outside world. At the same time, Klinger believed that graphics tend to convey demonic-dark aspects of life, adequately expressed in a linear and contrasting manner, which allows us to consider Klinger as one of the forerunners of the surrealists. The image of the "cycles" of action with the image of fantastic symbolist imaginary realities was compared by Klinger himself with a piece of music ("opus"). Painting itself remained for the artist a realistic-positive means of expression. Under the special influence of Klinger was Puvis de Chavannes, who created a series of allegorical, monumental wall paintings in Paris. Klinger saw his goal in art as the unification of painting, plastic arts and architecture. The religious paintings painted by Klinger show the influence on the master of the Italian Renaissance.
"I live in myself and walk between the reflexes of my eyes: gas light - a mirror - people." Klinger, who wrote this sentence in 1883 in his diary, absorbed everything around him with his eyes. Painting was in his mind a means of holding back the "outer world". Fantasy could only be expressed in drawing and engraving. In this sense, Klinger worked in both techniques, to which he later added the talent of a sculptor. The outer world and the inner world excited him in the same way, and he always saw them as opposites.

Death and Beauty
An die Schonheit. Near the seashore, on a flowering meadow, tall trees intertwined in lacy patterns. Like dreams of a desert land, they ascend to the sky and listen to the gentle sounds of the surf. There, on a jubilant sunny day, a Man came and saw that the world was beautiful. He knelt down and began to pray, covering his face with his hands. And tears flowed from his eyes, uncontrollable tears of delight and anguish before the secret of beauty. Anyone who adored nature, who surrendered with all the impulses of his heart and thought to the great charms of her incomprehensibility, will understand why Max Klinger ended the last series of his etchings: "On Death" with this conciliatory chord.
Death…
None of the contemporary artists came to think about death more often and more concentratedly than Klinger. No one delved deeper into the silence of otherworldly fate, guarding the horror of people.
Death. She knows no mercy. She is at the end of all roads. Her inexorable closeness equalizes all the lots. Happy and suffering, wise and crazy. In front of her are equally insignificant: a warrior, tempted by the ghost of glory, and a lord in gold and purple, dying like a slave at the foot of a magnificent throne, and a sailor thrown by a storm on the rocks, and a girl at work in her native field, and a child in a cradle, near her mother , carelessly asleep on a bench, near the evening pond ...
Death lurks everywhere. She has a thousand forms and symbols. She sneaks up on a person when he least expects and when he is tired of waiting - ruthless, mute death, then mockingly vicious, like a skeleton in a monastic robe, like a flock of ravens bursting into hospital rooms, then sadly quiet, like a white angel ...
And the artist insists on prophetic images stubbornly, methodically, with the pitiless refinement of one who does not spare others because he does not spare himself. These engravings about death alternate before us, complete, inevitable, like visions of Dürer's "Melancholy", reading the word Vanitas in the sky, and from them comes a poetry of insinuating sadness and silence, reminiscent of Verlaine's lines:
Je suis un berceau
Qu "une main balance
Au fond definite "un caveau.
Silence, silence…
But does this mean that death is a refutation of life? Does this mean that people should despair in anticipation of the last hour?
No. It is necessary to overcome the mournful knowledge of the terrible, inevitable end. The artist tells us: "The forms of death are terrible, but not death itself." No, because there is something stronger than the truth of death, the truth of beauty.
Beauty conquers death. In the rays of beauty, the spirit of man joins eternity. In beauty - his presentiment about the incomprehensible connection of earthly existence - weak, temporary, accidental with that beginningless and enduring existence, which he calls: the Universe.
This is how the meaning of this prayer is revealed to us. The same prayer resounds throughout Klinger's work. That is why most of his works exude such strict calm, such solemn reconciliation, despite the predominance of gloomy melodies in them.
(With)


wiki

Back into Nothingness, plate fifteen from A Life
Peeing Death
Untitled

Carl Wilhelm Diefenbach(German Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach; February 21, 1851, Hadamar - December 15, 1913, Capri) - German artist, representative of symbolism and Art Nouveau. He was also known as a public figure, the founder of the Himmelhof communal settlement in Ober St. Veit.
Life and art
Karl Diefenbach was born in the family of an artist, art teacher at the gymnasium, Leonard Diefenbach. He studied painting at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, initially under the creative influence of Arnold Böcklin and Franz von Stuck. The paintings created by Karl Diefenbach became famous even in the years of his youth.
Having been ill with typhus in a severe form, the artist became disabled - his right hand remained crippled. Since Karl Diefenbach believed that only a return to a natural, close to nature lifestyle and natural products could cure him, he fell under the influence of Arnold Rikli and Eduard Balzer, well-known popularizers of this theory in Germany. In 1881, Diefenbach also breaks with the official church. Dressed in a cassock and sandals, he preached his doctrine in Munich.
The main ideas of Karl Diefenbach were the following: to live in accordance with the laws of nature, the rejection of monogamy, vegetarianism, the rejection of any religion, more movement in the fresh air and the veneration of the naked body. All this aroused the ridicule of his contemporaries, who called Diefenbach "the apostle of Kolrabi." After being taken under surveillance by the police, the artist leaves Munich and settles in an abandoned quarry. The young artist Hugo Hoeppener (“Fidus”) becomes his assistant. Their joint work is a large frieze Through thorns to the stars (Per aspera ad astra). In 1892, Diefenbach exhibited his work in Vienna. This exposition was a resounding success and made his name famous, but due to the fraud of the leadership of the Austrian Art Society, Diefenbach lost all his paintings. After this disaster, the artist leaves for Egypt, where he studies ancient Egyptian temples. Then, in order to return his paintings, he returns to Vienna in 1897, plans to publish the Humanitas magazine here and organizes a new large exhibition. The artist finds support among the intellectual elite of the Austrian capital, including the pacifist Bertha von Sutner and publicist Michael Conrad. Diefenbach settled in the Himmelhof settlement near Vienna, and about 20 of his students settled there with him. Among them were the artists Konstantinos Parthenis and Gustav Greser, as well as animal rights activist Magnus Schwantje.
In his "teaching" Karl Diefenbach was clearly inconsistent. In the Himmelhof colony, he made numerous indulgences for himself, lived simultaneously with two "wives", and at the same time demanded modesty and complete submission from his students. He personally supervised the correspondence of each of them. After a year of existence, the commune went bankrupt and Diefenbach went to the island of Capri, where he was famous as a major artist, while at home his work was forgotten. He died in Capri due to volvulus.

Carl Friedrich Lessing(German Karl Friedrich Lessing; February 15, 1808, Breslau - June 5, 1880, Karlsruhe) - German artist of the romantic direction.

Fredinand Keller(1842-1922) - "Becklin's Grave"

Wilhelm Scheuchzer "Der Alte Südfriedhof" 1830

Rudolf Wiegmann. Das Grab des Lederfabrikanten Söhlmann auf dem St.-Nicolai-Kirchhof in Hannover. In dem Aquarell von 1835

Franz Reinhold

Marie Egner "Alter Friedhof c1883-1884"

Peter Heinrich Happel

Kapelle im Mondschein by Fritz von Wille, 1912

Carl Strathmann (1866-1939)

Max Wislicenus (1861-1957)

Ferdinand Staeger (1880-1976)

Rudolf Schiestl(August 8, 1878, Würzburg - November 30, 1931, Nuremberg) - German painter, engraver, glass blower and one of the pioneers of expressionism. The engravings from the Basel Death series (circa 1910) are based on a medieval folk song from 1539, 8 engravings with 7 verses. The song sings about how a certain young man from Basel married an old woman who "hit" him on the third day, then he went to the cemetery and asked Death to take the grumpy woman. When he returned, his wife had already died. The young man harnessed the horses and took the dead old woman to the cemetery, where a grave was already prepared, in which she was to shut up forever. After that, he returned home and took a young wife for himself, who beat him on the third day. Well, he prayed to Death: "It would be better if it was old!"

It's more than pretty pictures, it's a reflection of reality. In the works of great artists, you can see how the world and the consciousness of people have changed.

Art is also an attempt to create an alternative reality where you can hide from the horrors of your time, or the desire to change the world. The art of the 20th century rightfully occupies a special place in history. The people who lived and worked in those days survived social upheavals, wars, and the unprecedented development of science; and all this found an imprint on their canvases. Artists of the 20th century took part in creating the modern vision of the world.

Some names are still pronounced with a breath, and some are unfairly forgotten. Someone had such a controversial creative path that we still cannot give him an unambiguous assessment. This review focuses on the 20 greatest artists of the 20th century. Camille Pizarro- French painter. An outstanding representative of impressionism. The artist's work was influenced by John Constable, Camille Corot, Jean Francois Millet.
Born July 10, 1830 in Saint Thomas, died November 13, 1903 in Paris.

Hermitage in Pontoise, 1868

Opera passage in Paris, 1898

Sunset at Varengeville, 1899

Edgar Degas - French artist, one of the greatest impressionists. On the work of Degas, the influence of Japanese graphics was traced. Born July 19, 1834 in Paris, died September 27, 1917 in Paris.

Absinthe, 1876

Star, 1877

Woman combing her hair, 1885

Paul Cezanne - French painter, one of the greatest representatives of post-impressionism. In his work, he sought to reveal the harmony and balance of nature. His work had a huge impact on the worldview of artists of the XX century.
Born January 19, 1839 in Aix-en-Provence, France, died October 22, 1906 in Aix-en-Provence.

Gamblers, 1893

Modern Olympia, 1873

Still life with skulls, 1900

Claude Monet- an outstanding French painter. One of the founders of impressionism. In his works, Monet sought to convey the richness and richness of the world around him. His late period is characterized by decorativeism and
The late period of Monet's work is characterized by decorativeism, the increasing dissolution of objective forms in sophisticated combinations of color spots.
Born November 14, 1840 in Paris, died December 5, 1926 in Zhverny.

Welk Cliff at Pourville, 1882

After lunch, 1873-1876

Etretat, sunset, 1883

Arkhip Kuindzhi - famous Russian artist, master of landscape painting. He lost his parents early. From an early age, a love for painting began to manifest itself. The work of Arkhip Kuindzhi had a huge impact on Nicholas Roerich.
Born on January 15, 1841 in Mariupol, died on July 11, 1910 in St. Petersburg.

"Volga", 1890-1895

"North", 1879

"View of the Kremlin from Zamoskvorechye", 1882

Pierre Auguste Renoir - French painter, graphic artist, sculptor, one of the prominent representatives of impressionism. He was also known as a master of secular portraiture. Auguste Rodin became the first impressionist to become popular among wealthy Parisians.
Born February 25, 1841 in Limoges France, died December 2, 1919 in Paris.

Pont des Arts in Paris, 1867

Ball at the Moulin de la Galette, 1876

Jeanne Samary, 1877

Paul Gauguin- French artist, ceramic sculptor, graphic artist. Along with Paul Cezan and Vincent van Gogh, he is one of the most prominent representatives of post-impressionism. The artist lived in poverty because his paintings were not in demand.
Born June 7, 1848 in Paris, died May 8, 1903 on the island of Hiva Oa, French Polynesia.

Breton landscape, 1894

Breton village in the snow, 1888

Are you jealous? 1892

Saints Day, 1894

Wassily Kandinsky - Russian and German artist, poet, art theorist. Considered one of the leaders of the avant-garde of the 1st half of the 20th century. One of the founders of abstract art.
Born November 22, 1866 in Moscow, died December 13, 1944 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

Couple on horseback, 1918

Motley life, 1907

Moscow 1, 1916

In grey, 1919

Henri Matisse - one of the greatest French painters and sculptors. One of the founders of the Fauvist movement. In his work, he sought to convey emotions through color. In his work, he was influenced by the Islamic culture of the western Maghreb. Born December 31, 1869 in the city of Le Cateau, died November 3, 1954 in the town of Cimiez.

Square in Saint-Tropez, 1904

Outline of Notre Dame at night, 1902

Woman with a hat, 1905

Dance, 1909

Italian, 1919

Portrait of Delectorskaya, 1934

Nicholas Roerich- Russian artist, writer, scientist, mystic. During his life he painted over 7,000 paintings. One of the outstanding cultural figures of the 20th century, the founder of the "Peace through Culture" movement.
Born October 27, 1874 in St. Petersburg, died December 13, 1947 in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Overseas guests, 1901

Great Spirit of the Himalayas, 1923

Message from Shambhala, 1933

Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin - Russian artist, graphic artist, theorist, writer, teacher. He was one of the ideologists of the reorganization of art education in the USSR.
Born November 5, 1878 in the city of Khvalynsk, Saratov province, died February 15, 1939 in Leningrad.

"1918 in Petrograd", 1920

"Playing Boys", 1911

Bathing a red horse, 1912

Portrait of Anna Akhmatova

Kazimir Malevich- Russian artist, founder of Suprematism - a trend in abstract art, teacher, art theorist and philosopher
Born February 23, 1879 in Kyiv, died May 15, 1935 in Moscow.

Rest (Society in top hats), 1908

"Peasant women with buckets", 1912-1913

Black Suprematist Square, 1915

Suprematist painting, 1916

On the boulevard, 1903

Pablo Picasso- Spanish painter, sculptor, sculptor, ceramist designer. One of the founders of cubism. The work of Pablo Picasso had a significant impact on the development of painting in the 20th century. According to a poll of readers of Time magazine
Born October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain, died April 8, 1973 in Mougins, France.

Girl on a ball, 1905

Portrait of Ambroise Vallor, 1910

Three Graces

Portrait of Olga

Dance, 1919

Woman with a flower, 1930

Amadeo Modigliani- Italian painter and sculptor. One of the brightest representatives of expressionism. During his lifetime, he had only one exhibition in December 1917 in Paris. Born July 12, 1884 in Livorno, Italy, died January 24, 1920 from tuberculosis. Received world recognition posthumously World recognition received posthumously.

Cellist, 1909

Spouses, 1917

Joan Hebuterne, 1918

Mediterranean landscape, 1918

Diego Rivera- Mexican painter, muralist, politician. He was the husband of Frida Kahlo. Leon Trotsky found shelter in their house for a short time.
Born December 8, 1886 in Guanajuato, died December 21, 1957 in Mexico City.

Notre Dame de Paris in the rain, 1909

Woman at the well, 1913

Union of Peasants and Workers, 1924

Detroit industry, 1932

Marc Chagall- Russian and French painter, graphic artist, illustrator, theater artist. One of the greatest representatives of the avant-garde.
Born on June 24, 1887 in the city of Liozno, Mogilev province, died on March 28, 1985 in Saint-Paul-de-Provence.

Anyuta (Portrait of a sister), 1910

Bride with fan, 1911

Me and the village, 1911

Adam and Eve, 1912

Mark Rothko(present Mark Rotkovich) is an American artist, one of the founders of abstract expressionism and the founder of color field painting.
The first works of the artist were created in a realistic spirit, however, then by the mid-40s, Mark Rothko turned to surrealism. By 1947, the most important turning point in the work of Mark Rothko happens, he creates his own style - abstract expressionism, in which he departs from objective elements.
Born on September 25, 1903 in the city of Dvinsk (now Daugavpils), died on February 25, 1970 in New York.

Untitled

Number 7 or 11

orange and yellow

Salvador Dali- painter, graphic artist, sculptor, writer, designer, director. Perhaps the most famous representative of surrealism and one of the greatest artists of the 20th century.
Designed by Chupa-Chups.
Born May 11, 1904 in Figueres, Spain, died January 23, 1989 in Spain.

Temptation of Saint Anthony, 1946

The Last Supper, 1955

Woman with a Head of Roses, 1935

My wife Gala, naked, looking at her body, 1945

Frida Kahlo - Mexican artist and graphic artist, one of the brightest representatives of surrealism.
Frida Kahlo started painting after a car accident that left her bedridden for a year.
She was married to the famous Mexican communist artist Diego Rivera. Leon Trotsky found refuge in their house for a short time.
Born July 6, 1907 in Coyoacan, Mexico, died July 13, 1954 in Coyoacan.

The Embrace of Universal Love, Earth, Me, Diego and Coatl, 1949

Moses (Creation Core), 1945

Two Fridas, 1939

Andy Warhole(real. Andrey Varhola) - American artist, designer, director, producer, publisher, writer, collector. The founder of pop art, he is one of the most controversial personalities in the history of culture. Several films have been made based on the life of the artist.
Born August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, died in 1963 in New York.