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About the creator of the museum Andrey Rublev. Museum of Old Russian Culture and Art named after

About the creator of the museum Andrey Rublev. Museum of Old Russian Culture and Art named after

20.06.2019

The oldest building in Moscow is not the Kremlin at all, as many are sure, but the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery. The cathedral itself is, and even more. He is very handsome and is known for saving Moscow more than once. Andrei Rublev also lived here as a monk. The fate of the monastery and the famous icon painter are inextricably intertwined. The holy monastery gave shelter and spiritual food to Rublev, and the icon painter himself became the unwitting savior of the cathedral centuries after his death.

History of the A. Rublev Museum

The monastery was founded in 1356, many heroes of the Kulikovo field are buried in it. The icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of Vladimir shone here, it is believed that it was she who saved Moscow from Tamerlane's raid. The cathedral is well fortified with massive walls, behind which the townspeople took refuge more than once during the onset of enemies.

In the XVIII century, a bell tower was built in the monastery, the second highest after the Kremlin Ivan the Great, but it was blown up in the 30s, when they decided to fight the churches. Approximately the same fate awaited the monastery itself, but quite unexpectedly, scientists found frescoes by Andrei Rublev on the walls of the cathedral. They were badly damaged, as it turned out later, during the raid of Napoleon, a significant part of them was lost forever. But even what was left was enough to save the cathedral from demolition - this is how the icon painter helped the monastery that sheltered him. In 1947, on the rise of patriotism that reigned after the war, it was decided to create a museum of Andrey Rublev. In the Andronikov Monastery, the exposition began to work only in 1960, on the 600th anniversary of Andrei Rublev.

Museum exposition

Now the Andrei Rublev Museum is the largest icon painting museum in the world. For many centuries, the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands has been considered the main shrine in the Andronikov Monastery. This icon is priceless, it has been in the cathedral almost from the very foundation of the church. The next most important exhibit is Andrei Rublev's masterpiece, the icon of John the Baptist. The figure of the saint is filled with unearthly sadness and tranquility. The viewer gets the impression that the prophet knows about the fate prepared for him. The icon is written with such talent that even time could not reduce its impact on the viewer. The Prophet is eye-catching despite the cracked wood plank and faded paint.

The Rublev Museum also has an exact copy of Rublev's famous "Trinity". A non-specialist will not be able to distinguish a copy from the original. There are many icons on the theme of the Trinity. Rublev wrote a popular plot like no other. This can be seen by comparing with other icons, some of them belong to an even earlier period. The museum contains works by other masters, not only icons, but also frescoes, objects of applied church art, and wooden sculptures.

All church festivities are solemnly celebrated in museums, lectures are given on the culture of Ancient Rus' and Byzantium, and on Sundays there are concerts of instrumental and sacred music. Admirers of the talent of the icon painter, lovers of ancient Russian and Byzantine history, Orthodox Christians and simply inquisitive people will be interested in visiting the Andrey Rublev Museum.

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Andrei Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Art June 25th, 2014

This Moscow museum has a very long name - the Andrei Rublev Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art and is located on the territory of the former Spaso-Andronikov Monastery.
The monastery was founded in 1357 by Metropolitan Alexy and named after the first hegumen, Andronicus, a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh. On the territory of the monastery, the oldest church on the territory of Moscow, the Spassky Cathedral, was preserved, it was erected in the 1420s.
The greatest Russian icon painter Andrei Rublev worked here, he died in the monastery and was buried in 1427 or 1430.

Holy Gates of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery.

The oldest church on the territory of Moscow is the Spassky Cathedral, it was erected at the beginning of the 15th century. True in 1959-1960. the cathedral was reconstructed - kokoshniks and the head were completed by restorers. There is reason to believe that they made the drum too narrow, perhaps the original top of the cathedral was more massive.

The architectural ensemble of the monastery - the Cathedral of the Savior and the Church of the Archangel Michael (1691 - 1739)

The Spassky Cathedral was painted by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny, both of them were monks of the Andronikov Monastery, but unfortunately, almost nothing of their frescoes remains. As nothing remained of their graves, although it is known that both painters were buried on the territory of the monastery.

In 1691, the wife of Peter I, Evdokia Lopukhina, founded a new church - the Archangel Michael. The church was attached to the old refectory built in 1504-1506. The result was an old Russian skyscraper in the Naryshkin style, although somewhat ascetic, since Lopukhina was never able to finish the temple, falling into royal disfavor in 1698, the church was completed after her death. The building has several floors, the first tier became the tomb of the Lopukhins, and the church was placed at the top. The building now houses the permanent exhibition of the museum.

The refectory chamber of the Andronikov Monastery (1504-1506). View from the outside, from the Yauza River. One of the oldest such structures in Moscow.

The fraternal building of the early 18th century and part of the fortress fence of the monastery.

In the photo below, the remains of the necropolis. The first burials on the territory of the monastery date back to the 14th century; soldiers who died on the Kulikovo field were buried here.
Once the Spaso-Andronikov necropolis was not inferior to the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery in terms of the number of tombstones and the richness of their design. Representatives of many Russian aristocratic families found their last refuge here - the Zagryazhskys, Zamyatins, Golovins, Saltykovs, Trubetskoys, Naryshkins, Stroganovs, Volkonskys, Baratynskys, Demidovs, etc.

Since the 17th century, the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery has become the family tomb of the noble family of the Lopukhins. Parents and brothers of Empress Evdokia Feodorovna, the first wife of Peter I, are buried here - a total of more than 40 people.

But in the 20th century, under the Bolsheviks, the cemetery was destroyed. Some remains of tombstones and sarcophagi are stacked near the monastery wall.

Some of my photographs of museum exhibits.

Mother of God Hodegetria. First third of the 16th century Moscow

Spas the Almighty (fragment), the oldest icon in the collection of the museum of the middle of the 13th century from the village of Gavshinka, Yaroslavl region.

Position in the coffin. Around 1497, from the Assumption Cathedral of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery.

St. George (detail), late 15th - early 16th century. From Pyatnitskaya, Dmitrov, Moscow Region.

Savior Not Made by Hands, Moscow school, 2nd floor. 14th c.

Saint Nicholas of Myra with the Appearance of the Mother of God Sergius of Radonezh (top left) and selected saints.

Saints (fragment of the icon of St. Nicholas of Myra).

Worship cross with the crucifixion of Christ. White stone, in general, Russian khachkar. Late 15th - early 16th century. From the village of Tolmachi, Bezhetsky District, Tver Region.

Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian from the composition The Crucifixion of Christ. First half of the 19th century. Tree.

Martyr Centurion Longinus and Apostle John the Theologian from the composition The Crucifixion of Christ. First half of the 19th century. Tree.

Nicholas the Wonderworker (Mozhaisky). End of 17th century.

Rev. Nil Stolobensky, 2nd floor. 19th century, Tver province.

Nicholas the Wonderworker. Late 17th - early 18th century, Arkhangelsk region.

Great Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa. Late 17th - early 18th century.

Anthony the Great, fresco (detail), Athos (?), 16th (?) c.

Fresco, 1654, Trinity Cathedral of the Makariev Monastery, Kalyazin.

Apostle Peter. Chudov Monastery in Moscow 1633-1634

Unknown saint. Mozhaisk, Luzhetsky monastery.

Our Lady of the Burning Bush (detail), 17th century, from the Trinity Makariev Monastery in Kalyazin.

Our Lady of the Burning Bush (detail).

Meeting (fragment). 2nd floor 17th century, Volga region, from the Church of John the Baptist in Vesyegonsk, Tver Region.

Circumcision (fragment). 2nd floor 17th century, Volga region, from the Church of John the Baptist in Vesyegonsk, Tver Region.

First half of the 17th century, Volga region, from the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in the village of Dryutskovo, Tver Region.

Nativity of the Mother of God (detail).

Holy Trinity.1st floor. 17th century, workshop of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in Klimentovskaya Sloboda, from the iconostasis of the Church of the Epiphany in the village of Semenovskoye, Moscow Region.

Archangel Gabriel (part of triptych) Holy Trinity.1st floor. 17th century, workshop of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in Klimentovskaya Sloboda, from the iconostasis of the Church of the Epiphany in the village of Semenovskoye, Moscow Region.

Nativity of the Virgin (detail). Late 16th century, Moscow. From the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin in Murom.

Conversation between the Monk Varlaam and (Buddha Gautama) Prince Joasaph of India. 17th century, Russian North.

Rev. Kirill Belozersky (Alexander Svirsky?) Middle of the 16th century, Vologda (?)

Icon in salary "Our Lady of Semiezerskaya" (fragment), 17th century.

My other posts dedicated to Russia.

The Andrei Rublev Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art is the only state specialized museum of Russian church art of the Middle Ages and Modern times.

The museum is located within the walls of the famous Spaso-Andronikov Monastery, where the great icon painter Andrey Rublev painted the Cathedral of the Savior, now the oldest temple in Moscow. The museum has a rich collection of iconography from the 12th to early 20th centuries. In 2017, the museum celebrates the 70th anniversary of its foundation.

In 1947, in the wake of the post-war patriotic upsurge, in the year of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Moscow, the Museum named after A.I. Andrei Rublev. Its first director was D.I. Arsenishvili (1905-1963), the first researcher - an outstanding expert on the work of St. Andrey Rublev N.A. Demina (1904–1990).

By the time the Museum was founded, the monastery was completely ruined, the museum collection was collected literally bit by bit, in an environment of extremely negative attitude of the state towards the national religious heritage. Collected works often required careful and many years of restoration.

Nevertheless, 13 years later, on September 21, 1960, the Museum was opened and presented to the visitors in a hall with dozens of icons opened from late recordings and dirt, murals and works of arts and crafts taken from the walls of destroyed temples. Collecting activities and restoration work continue to this day and are an integral part of everyday museum life.

Now the exposition occupies all the rooms of the refectory chamber and the Church of the Archangel Michael, restored and accessible for inspection. An exhibition hall is located in the Rector's building.