Areas of application of binoculars, why they are needed. Binoculars

Humanity has invented many devices to make life easier. In particular, binoculars were invented to “look far away.” What should you know about this device? Which binoculars are better to choose? What should you consider when purchasing?

Binoculars: which is better from an “objective” point of view

Since binoculars are mainly interesting as an optical device, first of all you need to pay attention to their “eyes”. There are two main characteristics of a lens - magnification and diameter. The importance of these parameters is emphasized by the manufacturer himself, who indicates them in the name of the binocular model. For example, Nikon Aculon W10 10X21 has a lens with a diameter of 21 mm and 10x zoom.

What do these numbers mean in practice?

Magnification or multiplicity

Shows the relationship between the image in binoculars and what can be seen with the naked eye. With a 7x zoom, the image will be enlarged by 7 times, with a 5x zoom – by 5, etc. All binoculars can be roughly divided into the following categories:

1. With a fixed magnification (“it is what it is” – you cannot change the specified magnification parameter):

• low magnification (2x-4x) - these are mainly either theater or night vision binoculars;
• medium magnification (5x-8x) – the most common option;
• high magnification (10x-22x) - such binoculars are intended for military purposes, astronomical observations, some models are suitable for hunting.

2. With the ZOOM function, or variable magnification (the magnification can be changed in a certain range, for example, in the Veber ZOOM 7-15×35 N model, the magnification is adjustable from 7x to 15x).

As the magnification increases, the image becomes dimmer and narrower. It should also be noted that binoculars with magnification greater than 10x require a tripod, otherwise it will be difficult to keep the object of interest in the field of view.

ZOOM binoculars are inferior to regular binoculars in terms of image quality, especially if the model is budget. Complex variable magnification optics cannot be fully implemented at low costs, so in a cheap device the image will be dim and blurry at the edges. However, if you need to monitor a large area, where you need to view both the entire panorama and its individual fragments, then ZOOM binoculars are perfect. A good option is Yukon 8-24×50 (8000 RUR)

Entrance pupil diameter

In other words, this is the size of the front lens. The lens diameter determines the binoculars' aperture and image quality. In particular, the larger the lens diameter, the wider the viewing angle and the better the picture in poor lighting conditions. The size of the lens directly proportionally affects the dimensions of the binoculars themselves.

Binoculars up to 50 mm are suitable for handheld observation; If the lens size is larger than this figure, it is better to purchase a tripod. Especially if the binoculars weigh more than 1 kg. Large astronomical instruments require a special mount: otherwise you simply won’t be able to look at the planets.

How to choose the right binoculars? Important parameters

In addition to the main characteristics of the lens, when choosing binoculars you should take into account other equally important parameters:

1. Exit pupil diameter - indicates the diameter of the light beam that directly hits the viewer’s lens. During daylight hours, the human pupil is 2-4 mm in size, and with the onset of darkness it expands to 6-8 mm. Therefore, for night observations, the diameter of the exit pupil of the binoculars should be larger than for daytime observations. Calculating this indicator is very simple - you need to divide the diameter of the front lens by the magnification:

• up to 3 mm – binoculars with low aperture. For example, Veber Free Focus BP 8×21, calculation: 21/8 = 2.63;
• 3-5 mm – binoculars with medium aperture. For example, Fujifilm Fujinon 5×21 UL, calculation: 21/5 = 4.2;
• from 6 mm – binoculars with high aperture, which are excellent for observation in the dark. For example, Nikon Marine 7×50 CF WP, calculation: 50/7 = 7.14.

2. Field/angle of view – denotes the area of ​​space visible through binoculars. For example, for Nikon Action EX 8×40 CF WP this parameter is 143 m from a distance of 1000 m and 8.20. In high-quality models, a wide field of view is provided by wide-angle eyepieces. But if the viewing angle is too high, distortion may occur at the edge of the image.

3. Lens material. Lenses can be made from either glass or plastic. The latter, although cheaper, does not provide very good image quality. You can choose good binoculars with plastic lenses, but all other things being equal, their price will be much higher than that of a device with glass lenses. On the other hand, plastic is more durable and better suited for extreme conditions, for example, hiking in the mountains.

4. Light transmittance. Typically, binoculars have 10-12 lenses, each reflecting approximately 5% of the light, resulting in a coefficient of less than 50%, which does not have the best effect on the image. Therefore, it is so important to have a high-quality antireflective coating, which can increase light transmittance by up to 97%. The type of coating is indicated by the marking:

• C (Coated) – single-layer coating of some areas of the lenses;
• FC (Fully Coated) – single-layer coating of the entire lens area;
• MS (Multicoated) – multilayer coating of individual lens surfaces;
• FMC (Fully Multicoated) – multi-layer coating of all areas of the lenses.

5. Wrapping system. In modern models of binoculars you can find the following types:

• Galileevskaya - used in inexpensive children's and theater binoculars. It does not contain any turning elements; the image is built up due to the design features of the lens and eyepiece. Image quality is poor and deteriorates as the front lens diameter increases;
• Porro is a classic and very common prism. The axis of the eyepieces and the axis of the lenses are on different lines, which is why the binoculars “grow” in width. Porro prisms come in two types - VaK-4 and VK-7. The first provides minimal light loss and high-quality image, therefore it is considered more preferable. You can check which prism is installed in the following way: you need to look through binoculars at some distance from your eyes and look at the picture behind the eyepieces. A round image indicates the use of VaK-4, a diamond-shaped image with partial loss of brightness indicates the use of VK-7;
• Roof/roof-shaped - a prism with more complex optics than Porro. Roof is characterized by the placement of the prism, lens and eyepieces on the same line. This compactness results in a reduction in the size of the binoculars, which is very convenient for tourists, hunters or ornithologists who have to spend a lot of time on their feet. A device with a Roof prism is more expensive than a device of similar quality, but with a Porro system.

Diagram of Porro (left) and Roof (right)


6. Focusing system. Depending on the method of adjusting the sharpness of the eyepieces, there are two types of focusing:

• central – simultaneous adjustment of both telescopes. This system is convenient in terms of speed, but reduces the reliability of the binoculars. In addition, for people whose eyes have significantly different levels of vision, central focusing is not suitable;
• separate – involves adjusting each eyepiece separately.

Only the person himself can determine which binoculars suit him best. But you should still listen to the following advice:

• do not chase magnification if it is not compensated by a large lens diameter;
• give preference to multilayer coating (either MS or FMS);
• If possible, choose models with a Porro BaK-4 prism.

As in the situation with any equipment, it is better to purchase binoculars from trusted companies: Nikon, Steiner, Omegon, Pentax, Olympus, Tasko, Yukon, Veber.

How to choose binoculars - for hunting, theater, sea trips...

Depending on the purpose of purchase, the requirements for binoculars differ. We can recommend the following models taking into account the most relevant criteria:

1. For a gift to a child. For a young explorer of the surrounding landscapes, the inexpensive and compact model Veber Sport new BN 10×25 (RUB 1,100) is suitable. The binoculars weigh only 200 g, are made of metal, and are moisture resistant.
2. For going to the theater. Theater binoculars occupy a separate niche. They look very elegant and are a great addition to your look. The Veber Opera BGC 3×18 model (RUB 1,500) is distinguished by its beautiful golden color and almost imperceptible weight (200 g). The Galilean optical system allows you to see the outfits of the artists, and nothing more is required from these binoculars.
3. For tourism. In addition to high-quality optics, “tourist” binoculars also require survivability. Veber Ultra Sport BN 12×25 (1,400 rubles) is suitable for people who prefer to spend their holidays in European countries, attending sightseeing excursions. The more powerful Veber Free Focus BPSh 8×40 (RUB 2,000) will cope with long treks through the mountains and exposure to rain.
4. For hunting. There is fierce debate about which binoculars are best for hunting. A unanimous opinion was reached on the following criteria: the binoculars should be relatively light and easily withstand various tests such as falls from a height. High quality optics goes without saying. A good option with a rubberized, waterproof body is Yukon Point 8×56 (RUB 13,300). True, these binoculars weigh more than 1 kg. The smaller model Fujifilm Fujinon 10×50 HCF PHC (RUB 11,600) weighs only 840 g.
5. For fishing and traveling by sea. The main thing that binoculars should have in this case is resistance to the water elements. An excellent choice is Veber BPs 7×50 (RUB 8,800). These binoculars are not only resistant to moisture, but can also swim. As a bonus, there is a built-in backlit compass.

A good pair of binoculars should create the illusion of its absence. How is this possible? If, looking at the lens, you forget that you have about 0.5-1 kilogram device in your hands, then the purchase was a success.

The modern choice of binoculars is very wide - online stores offer a wide variety of models from the world's leading manufacturers, but the “best binoculars” will be the one that best suits your needs and best suits you in terms of its technical characteristics and at the same time suits you at the price.

For example, at what approximation do you want to see the objects being observed? Are you planning to use the binoculars in bright light and at dusk? Would you prefer a lightweight version adapted for long-term observations?

Obviously, theatrical binoculars and military binoculars, night vision binoculars or marine binoculars, binoculars for astronomical observations or compact binoculars for watching sports competitions have significant differences in characteristics. Therefore, in order to buy binoculars that will serve you as a good companion for many years, you need to at least superficially delve into the subject.

Multiplicity

One of the most important qualities of binoculars is its magnification – the ability to magnify the surroundings. If the magnification of binoculars is 8, this means that at maximum zoom you can see the observed object 8 times closer than you can see without binoculars.

There is no need to strive to buy binoculars with the highest possible magnification - this is not always an advantage. The magnification should be selected in accordance with the location and circumstances in which the binoculars are planned to be used.

As a rule, for field observations, devices with a magnification of 6-8 are used, and 8-10-fold magnification is practically the limit at which observation from the hand is possible - at higher magnifications, observation is hampered by jitter proportional to the gain of the optics.

In binoculars with strong magnification - 15-20x, this problem is solved with the help of a tripod, on which special adapters, or adapters, are produced to strengthen the device. Due to their significant weight and dimensions, powerful binoculars are not suitable for long-term wearing; in addition, too high a magnification is of no use, for example, in forest conditions, when there are a lot of visual obstacles on the ground.

There are binoculars with variable magnification, or pancratic ones, in which the degree of magnification can be smoothly changed, as in photographic lenses with zoom. Their design is more complex than “regular” binoculars, and the price is correspondingly higher.

Diameter lenses

The diameter of the front lens of the lens is indicated in the marking immediately after the magnification. For example, 20x60 is deciphered as follows: 20x is the magnification, and 60 is the diameter of the lens in millimeters.

The lens diameter determines the image quality of the binoculars. It also determines the amount of light entering the binoculars - the larger the diameter of the lens, the better it collects light. Therefore, the size of the entrance pupil must also be selected depending on the time of day, that is, the level of illumination at which the binoculars are supposed to be used.

The most versatile binoculars for use in field conditions are those with parameters like 6x30, or 7x35, or even 8x42. If you need binoculars, for example, to observe nature, that is, to observe fairly distant objects in the daytime, then binoculars with 8-10x magnification and a lens within 30-50 mm are suitable. But you need to take into account that due to the small diameter of the lenses, they collect less light and at twilight visibility is relatively weaker.

If you need binoculars to occasionally watch sporting events, pocket binoculars with parameters like 8x24 will be enough, since these purposes require general plans, not detailed viewing.

To observe in low light conditions, for example, at dawn or dusk, you will have to choose binoculars with a larger lens diameter, or, alternatively, sacrifice the magnification, then with the same lens size you can observe in lower light conditions. For these purposes, the optimal ratios are 7x42, 7x50.

Night binoculars are a separate group of devices, in which two subgroups are distinguished - active and passive night vision binoculars. For observations in minimal light (for example, moonlight), passive binocular lenses must have a multi-layer coating that eliminates glare and increases the lens's ability to transmit light.

Active binoculars can also be used in conditions of complete darkness, since they use infrared radiation, and, accordingly, their operating time is limited by the power source. These binoculars are equipped with a system of protection against accidental activation, since activation in bright light conditions can damage the sensitive device.

If you want to observe planets or, for example, the relief of the surface of the Moon through binoculars, then you will need powerful binoculars with a magnification of more than 20x. For a general introduction to the night sky, binoculars with around 10x50 performance are a great option. To observe distant planets or study lunar craters in detail, a telescope is needed.

These two devices complement each other perfectly, since binoculars, thanks to their stereoscopic properties, have some advantages over a telescope that is undoubtedly more powerful in terms of magnification.

Vision angle

The field of view (or angle) is another important characteristic of binoculars. As a rule, it is specified in degrees, and means the width of coverage. This parameter is inversely related to magnification - that is, the more powerful the binoculars, the smaller its angle of “vision”.

Binoculars with a large viewing angle are called wide-field, or wide-angle. In the mountains, it is more convenient to use binoculars with a wide field of view, since a large viewing angle makes it possible to orientate well in the observation area.

Often this indicator is not indicated by the angle in degrees, but by the width of the viewed segment at a distance of 1000 meters. So, if the field of view width in the binocular parameters is 110, this means that, being at a distance of 1000 meters from the observed area, you will be able to see an area 110 meters wide.

Exit pupil diameter

Exit pupil diameter can be defined as the ratio of the entrance pupil diameter to the magnification. For example, for 6x30 binoculars it is 5. The best indicator is considered to be close to the size of the pupil of a person - approximately 7 mm.

The size of the exit pupil with characteristics of 20x60 will be 3. The larger this indicator, the longer you can observe in low light conditions. Size 2-3 is suitable for short observation in good light. Then the eyes will begin to get tired and overstrained. Five to seven is a suitable exit pupil for working eyes in low light conditions or for long periods of time. The ideal binoculars from this point of view would be 7x50, where the diameter of the exit pupil is greater than 7 mm.

Aperture

This parameter depends on the magnification of the optical device and the viewing angle, and determines the brightness of the image when observed through binoculars. Aperture is defined as the ratio of the brightness of the image when observed through an optical device to the brightness of the same device when observed with the naked eye, and is directly proportional to the diameter of the exit pupil.

Obviously, the aperture ratio is quite difficult to determine in this way, so in practice it is denoted by an abstract number - namely, the square of the diameter of the exit pupil. That is, for example, in 20x60 binoculars, as mentioned above, the diameter of the exit pupil is three, and the aperture ratio, accordingly, is nine. For 6x30 binoculars, the aperture ratio will be equal to five squared, that is, 25. For observation in low-light conditions, the aperture ratio should be equal to or higher than 25.

The aperture ratio, field of view and magnification of binoculars are closely interrelated - a change in one of these parameters entails a change in the other two. Thus, as the magnification increases, the field of view of the device decreases, and an increase in the exit pupil will increase the aperture of the binoculars, but reduce the magnification.

Focusing

Central focusing is a universal way to quickly achieve sharpness, for example, when observing a moving object. With this focusing method, the control knob, common to both eyepieces, is located near the swivel joint of the tubes. If you wear glasses, it is highly desirable to have a diopter adjustment on your binoculars to correct myopia or farsightedness.

If there is visual impairment in only one eye or there is a strong difference in visual impairment between the right and left eye, then it is better to purchase binoculars with a separate diopter correction for each eye. In these binoculars, adjustment is made by rotating the diopter ring of each eyepiece individually. Sometimes such binoculars have divisions corresponding to the level of vision - using them, a person who knows the diopter of his eyes can immediately adjust the eyepieces of the binoculars to it.

There are also binoculars with a fixed focus, or focus free, which, although they provide fairly mediocre image quality, are very convenient in situations where there is no time for adjustments - for example, for firefighters or rescuers. Keep in mind that some mid-price fixed-focus binoculars only provide clear images of objects over 20 meters away. It is almost impossible to use them to view closer objects.

Depth of field

This characteristic, as a rule, is not indicated in the parameters of binoculars, but it is worth keeping in mind that the depth of field (the range of distances to the observed target that does not require changing the adjusted focus) decreases as the magnification of binoculars increases. In the forest, a large depth of field is preferable - that is, objects located at a distance of both 20 and 200 meters are visible equally clearly.

Stereoscopic image

The advantage of binoculars over a telescope or monocular is that, by bringing an object closer, binoculars retain such a property of human vision as binocularity, or stereoscopicity, which allows you to see objects in volume and distinguish the location of objects in perspective and their mutual distance. It is this property, also called plasticity, that creates a sense of the depth of space, as well as the terrain.

The three-dimensionality of the image is ensured by moving the lenses (exit holes) wider than the eyepieces (input holes). In a device such as a stereo tube, the distance between the lenses exceeds the distance between the eyepieces by 10 times, due to which the plasticity of vision is further increased.

Stereoscopicity is a plus in field conditions, but at the same time, for example, in a theater this property, on the contrary, would interfere with perception. That is why in the design of theater binoculars the distance between the lenses and eyepieces is equal.

Specific plasticity is defined as the ratio of the distance between the lenses to the distance between the eyepieces, and in the case of binoculars, where this distance is approximately twice as large, it is equal to two. Total plasticity is defined as the specific plasticity multiplied by the factor. For example, if the binoculars described have a magnification of 6x, its total plasticity will be equal to 12.

Optical system

Based on the optical systems used, binoculars are divided into lens (Galilean, theater) and prism (field) binoculars. The former have good aperture, give a direct rather than stereoscopic image, and are characterized by low magnification and a narrow field of view.

The second type of binoculars, as the name suggests, uses prisms that serve to turn the inverted image produced by the lens into a familiar one, which allows you to significantly reduce the length of the binoculars and increase their viewing angle. Prisms, turning the images over, “fold” the light rays, forcing them to pass through the body of the binocular tube along a broken line.

Prism type

Prism binoculars today use one of two types of wraparound systems - using Porro or Roof prisms, also called roof-shaped.

The wraparound system by the French optician Porro is classic; binoculars with it have an easily recognizable curved design, in which the lens and eyepiece are located not on the same straight line, but in steps, as a result of which the perspective and, accordingly, plasticity, that is, the realism of the picture, increases.

In binoculars with Roof prisms, which have two edges located at right angles to each other, like a gable roof, the lens and eyepiece of the telescope are located on the same axis. This allows binoculars with this wrapping system to be more compact and lighter than binoculars equipped with a Porro wrapping system. However, they tend to be more expensive due to the fact that the small prisms require perfect precision grinding and polishing to produce high quality images.

Transparency

Naturally, when light passes through the optical system, some losses of reflection and absorption occur, which reduces the brightness of the resulting image - when observing through binoculars, objects appear less illuminated than without them. Moreover, the more complex the optical device, the greater these losses.

Transparency coefficient is the ability of binoculars to transmit light rays, indicated by a metric fraction. For example, if the loss is 40% of the light, then the transparency coefficient is 0.6. Therefore, the maximum value of the transparency coefficient is equal to one.

Losses of this kind are in no way related to the magnification or field of view of the binoculars, and to reduce them, special measures are used, such as coating the optics - the use of a special transparent coating on the surface of the optical elements, which reduces light loss and optical distortion, thereby improving the quality of the image in question.

Frame

First of all, the body of the binoculars must be strong enough not to break or be damaged if dropped. The shockproof performance of binoculars depends on the rubber coating of the body, thanks to which the binoculars are firmly held in the hands and do not suffer from shocks, and also become sufficiently moisture resistant in order to function correctly in rainy weather or splashing water.

Another property of binoculars is water resistance. Modern binoculars can be so sealed that moisture will not penetrate them even if they are dropped into water to a depth of 5 meters and remain in it for some time.

Protection against lens fogging is achieved by filling the space between the lenses with nitrogen. This technique helps the lenses not to fog up even with sudden temperature changes.

The presence of all these qualities is usually important for hunters, researchers, tourists and naturalists. For those who look at birds and animals through binoculars, it may be important for the surfaces and covers of the binoculars to be dull and dull in order to avoid the risk of spooking the observed animals.

There are also binoculars with special features, such as a built-in compass, laser rangefinder or image stabilizer, which can be used for many non-standard tasks. The price of such binoculars, as a rule, is several times higher than the price of binoculars with similar characteristics, but without special options.

Summarizing

Summarizing the above, we can say that binoculars with parameters 7x35 or 8x42 are the most versatile devices, suitable for most customer needs. However, there are often cases when among the characteristics the highest priority ones are highlighted.

For example, if observation takes place during the day and it is necessary to examine fairly distant objects, then it would be more appropriate to choose binoculars with 8x42 or even 10x42 characteristics. If observation mainly occurs at dusk, then, on the contrary, you need binoculars in which the advantage is given to aperture - for example, 7x42 or 7x50.

Quality

There are a number of easily identifiable shortcomings found in low-quality binoculars that can adversely affect vision with prolonged use of this type of technology. Firstly, this is a blurred or colored image, secondly, it is illuminated by white light, especially at the edge of the field of view, thirdly, difficulties in focusing or doubling of the object in question. If at least one of these problems occurs when using binoculars, it is better not to purchase it.

In our store, all binoculars undergo mandatory testing to identify possible defects.

Binoculars allow you to see what is inaccessible to the naked eye. Such devices are useful during recreation or hunting, in the military field or for casual surveillance. Of course, we simply had to make a rating of the best binoculars for 2018 - 2019, so that you can buy a truly worthy and advanced optical device for observing distant objects. This top 10 was compiled according to the opinion of buyers, and the price-quality ratio for each binocular was also taken into account.

10 Olympus 8×40 DPS

If you want to spend time outdoors often, then the Olympus 8x40 DPS is a good choice. This optical device will be the best accessory for tourists and ornithologists, and will also come in handy during sports competitions. An expanded 65-degree field of view allows you to enjoy the image. Rubberized inserts of the plastic case significantly improve ergonomics, and protection from sunlight allows you to clearly view objects even on a clear day.

Pros:

• Extremely compact and excellent convenience.
• Decent optics for the money.
• Sharp image without chromatism.

Minuses:

• Slight distortion at edges.

9 Celestron UpClose G2 10-30×50 Zoom Porro

Celestron UpClose G2 10-30×50 Zoom Porro binoculars will be an ideal assistant when observing birds, athletes and artists, and wild animals. Moreover, the model will be indispensable for exciting trips and sea adventures. This is a full-fledged field binocular with 30x magnification. Variable focus makes the device truly versatile. But the convenient lever makes it possible to easily change the magnification. Advanced optics are successfully combined with a reliable design. The rubberized surface of the metal case protects the device from moisture. Suitable for experts and inexperienced beginners.

Pros:

• Very powerful magnification.
• Good image quality.
• Comfortable rubberized body.

Minuses:

• Optics are not for everyone.
• Somewhat ordinary appearance.

8 Yukon 12x50WA

The multifunctional model Yukon 12x50WA is equally useful for both amateur astronomical observations and professionals for a wide range of tasks. A wide viewing angle helps to achieve good results, and low lighting does not interfere with achieving excellent picture quality. The body is made of plastic, covered with thick rubber, which prevents water from penetrating inside the device. Each individual eyepiece can be adjusted independently by adjusting the diopter power. Eyepiece covers significantly reduce flare and also increase contrast.

Pros:

• High quality optics with wide viewing angle.
• Reliable rubberized body.
• Observations can be made in almost any conditions.

Minuses:

• Factory adjustment is not carried out in the best way (it can be treated independently).

7 KOMZ BPC 10x40

In terms of performance and reliability, the KOMZ BPC 10x40 binoculars are practically not inferior to the models manufactured by these manufacturers for the needs of the Russian army. The classic design is complemented by excellent optics. Using magnification, you can not only observe fields and forests, but also view objects even in fog at a short distance. The device can withstand temperatures from -40 to +45 degrees, which is sure to please professionals. The truly reliable metal body is complemented by a surprisingly modest weight, which has a positive effect on convenience. This device is suitable for tourists, fishermen, hunters and simple nature lovers.

Pros:

• High-quality and reliable optics.
• Very durable metal body.
• Clear picture.

Minuses:

• Not the most powerful 10x magnification.
• Quite a small case.

6 Veber BPC ZOOM 10-30×60

Powerful Veber BPC ZOOM 10-30×60 binoculars help in really difficult situations. This is a very large and fast optical device that offers exceptionally high-quality images in almost any conditions. Its body is made of durable metal coated with special rubber. Moreover, the binoculars are waterproof, so you can safely use them even in the rain. It is worth highlighting the incredible 30x magnification, as well as the 60mm lens diameter. These binoculars are suitable for everyone, especially professionals and specialists.

Pros:

• Fantastic optics with clear images.
• Very comfortable rubberized body.
• Stunning 30x magnification.

Minuses:

• For high magnification you need to use a tripod.

5 BRESSER Hunter 8-24×50

BRESSER Hunter 8-24×50 field binoculars are suitable for a wide variety of tasks. Amateurs and professionals can use it for fishing or hunting. It is also ideal for military purposes. Special Porro prisms significantly improve picture quality. You can even achieve 24x magnification, and you can change this parameter using a convenient lever. The plastic body has a rubberized coating that is comfortable to grip. But the wide drum with relief is ideal for focusing, as well as creating the necessary sharpness. Rubberized eyecups add far from unnecessary comfort during use.

Pros:

• Good quality for a low price.
• Sturdy design with a comfortable grip.
• Possibility of serious increase.

Minuses:

• At high magnification, clarity may be an issue.

4 Olympus 8-16×40 Zoom DPS

Do you like to watch nature in all its glory? Then you should buy comfortable and stylish Olympus 8-16×40 Zoom DPS binoculars. It's great for watching birds in the sky and animals on the ground. The device makes it easy to explore landscapes, as well as enjoy a theater performance or sports match from the most remote places. This is a truly universal model for absolutely everyone. Fast image capture and lightning-fast focusing help achieve remarkable results. It is necessary to highlight a wide viewing angle, as well as anti-reflective coating of the lenses. Based on your level of vision, you can adjust your binoculars using diopter adjustment.

Pros:

• Compact dimensions and ergonomic body.
• Good sharpness and overall picture quality.
• An incredibly convenient and reliable device.

Minuses:

• Protective caps can be easily lost.

3 Nikon Aculon A211 8x42

Lightweight, convenient, high-quality and compact - all this applies to the Nikon Aculon A211 8x42 binoculars. It will be useful for those who like to hunt, as well as for those who follow athletes at stadiums. High-quality images are achieved using aspherical elements and advanced optics. At the same time, multilayer lenses react very sensitively to light, making the picture rich and vibrant. The relatively small size allows you to use the device for a long time.

Pros:

• High-quality assembly and compact dimensions.
• Nice design and excellent ergonomics.
• Really cool optics.

Minuses:

• The case is somewhat worn.
• Not the biggest increase.

2 Yukon 8-24×50

A complete binocular for hunting is the Yukon 8-24×50. It is equally suitable for professionals and amateurs who like to watch at dusk, sea or mountains. Moreover, binoculars can be used not only for hunting wild animals, but also for shooting, as well as certain sports competitions. The device does not tire your eyes even after prolonged use due to the same magnification of each individual channel. The metal alloy body is not only durable, but also incredibly comfortable due to the presence of rubberized inserts and carbon fiber. You can enlarge the image up to 24x. Porro optical system and Bak4 glass are used.

Pros:

• Really big magnification.
• High quality optics and advanced components.
• Very good ergonomics and body materials.

Minuses:

• The tuning wheel is not the most convenient.
• It will be difficult for some.

1 Nikon Aculon A211 16×50

Avid foresters and hunters will certainly appreciate the Nikon Aculon A211 16x50 binoculars with 16x magnification. This is a classic model with excellent optics and excellent visibility. Truly comfortable observation is achieved thanks to retractable rotating eyecups made of high-quality rubber. The device is made of material that is pleasant to the touch. There is a large 50mm lens and an advanced Porro prism system.

Pros:

• Very high image quality.
• Great ergonomics combined with excellent materials.
• Stunning clarity even at high magnification.

Minuses:

• Quite a significant weight.

Choosing binoculars for hunting or other needs is a responsible task, which comes down to purchasing the optimally convenient optical product for use in certain conditions. When purchasing binoculars, you should pay attention not only to its magnification capabilities, but also to other characteristics that are no less important when using the device.

Binoculars are an optical device whose design consists of two telescopes. They are placed parallel to each other and connected by one body, which allows you to comfortably observe objects at a distance.

Classification of binoculars

They can be compact or classic in size. Compact optical devices are small in size and light in weight. They are convenient to carry and use during hunting or hiking. At one time, classic ones can be used in any situation. Different models may have variable or fixed magnification.

By type of focusing

• central focusing;
• separate focusing.

Binoculars of the first group have a central handwheel in their design, which performs focusing for both eyes. To ensure diopter difference, one of the eyepieces is equipped with an individual focusing mechanism. If you look at the design of devices with separate focusing, then there is a separate adjustment on each of the eyepieces.

Binoculars are also divided according to technical indicators. Product classification is based on several parameters.

According to technical indicators

• multiplicity;
• aperture;
• diameter of exit pupil and entrance lens;
• width of the field of view;
• other indicators.

Based on these characteristics, different types of binoculars are distinguished.

Types of binoculars

1. Theatrical. Used to view events at a short distance. They have compact dimensions and small magnification parameters.
2. Compact. Like theatrical products, they are small in weight and size, and also have a small diameter of the exit pupil and weak aperture. However, they are endowed with high multiplicity.
3. Field. Due to their high aperture and magnifying ability, they are very popular.
4. Military. Such devices can be used in various conditions. They are distinguished by their durable body, portability, increased lightness, and also exhibit good resistance to moisture. They have high magnification and a wide field of view. This makes them indispensable products for observation.
5. Astronomical. They are used for observing the starry sky, have several types and are equipped with special tripods.
6. Marine. They have increased resistance to aggressive environmental conditions. They have high magnifying power. A special scale and a full-fledged compass are built into such devices.
7. Binoculars for night observation. They give the clearest and highest quality picture in night lighting conditions.

Binoculars with porro- and roof-prism

The porro prism system is a classic version in which the distance between the viewing tubes is shorter than between the lenses. In optical products with a roof prism, the eyepieces and lenses are located on the same axis. The difference between these systems is that devices with a porro prism are characterized by increased plasticity and high image quality. However, the use of the proof system in the product makes it possible to make it small-sized.

Basic parameters of binoculars

Initially, when choosing binoculars, it is worth considering two parameters: magnification and the diameter of the external lens.

Multiplicity

A device with eight times magnification is perfect for a forest area. Its power will be enough to see wild animals and birds among the green foliage. For an area where there are a lot of trees, you should not choose a product with a high magnification, as this will interfere with a quick search.

For forest-steppe and steppe zones, where large spaces are visible, binoculars with a good magnification index are needed. The optimal model would be a product with a tenfold magnification. The size and weight of such binoculars allow for constant observation, as well as focusing on the selected object.

When hunting in mountainous areas, it is necessary to select a product with the maximum magnification. A device with twelve-fold magnification or higher will allow you not only to detect the animal, but also to evaluate its value. Such devices are purchased together with a tripod.

It is worth purchasing optical products with high magnification only for observing very distant objects. If you use a device model with high magnification to zoom in on nearby objects, then even with the smallest movements the image will jump slightly. This will complicate the observation process and significantly reduce the comfort in using the device.

To avoid general discomfort, you can choose a model with variable magnification. In such models, you can smoothly adjust the degree of magnification. The design of such binoculars is much more complicated. It allows you to bring objects of observation closer without disturbing the properties of stereoscopic vision.

Outer Lens Diameter

The size of a given optical element determines how much light will take part in the formation of the image. This is the second most important indicator that determines the luminosity of the product. It affects the viewing angle and field of view. The larger the dimensions of a given optical element, the higher the aperture ratio. To see a bright and more realistic object through binoculars, you need to choose a device with a large aperture ratio. Binoculars with increased aperture will allow you to observe at dusk, as they have the ability to collect more light.

For each territory it is necessary to choose its own combination of these parameters. The most optimal indicators are:

• for forest, mm – 7x35, 8x36, 8x40;
• for tundra, forest-steppe and steppe, mm – 10x40, 10x50;
• for mountains, mm – 12x50.

Many hunters who hunt in different areas prefer a product with parameters 7x50. However, it should be noted that the large diameter of the optical elements increases the weight and increases the design of the product.

Width of field of view

This parameter determines the maximum image available through binoculars at a distance of one kilometer. This indicator directly depends on the size of the output lens. The larger its size, the wider the review will be. If this parameter is above 100 meters per kilometer, this will allow for comfortable observation and easy navigation of the terrain. Small lenses and increased magnification reduce the width of the field of view and reduce image quality in poor visibility.

Aperture and focusing

The aperture ratio is determined by the viewing angle and the magnifying power of the optical device. The brightness of the image depends on its indicator. If you plan to use binoculars in limited lighting conditions, then you need to choose products with an aperture ratio of at least 25.

Focusing binoculars allows you to focus on the object chosen for observation. In devices with central focusing, the adjusting handwheel is mounted on a swivel joint between the viewing tubes. Its movements will change the sharpness equally in both eyepieces. If a person has severely impaired vision, then a device with individual sharpness settings for each eyepiece will suit him.

The weight of binoculars is of great importance for hunters who travel long distances while hunting. However, here everyone needs to make their own choice. After all, reducing weight entails reducing the multiplicity and other important indicators. To reduce weight, manufacturers often use plastic, which in turn reduces the strength of the product. Binoculars with parameters 7x35 should weigh at least half a kilogram. Devices with lower weight values ​​are of poor quality or are not intended for hunting.

Extra options

Due to the fact that binoculars contain optical elements and are almost always used in a canopy, they should have increased strength and resistance to various mechanical influences. To ensure that it can be securely fixed in your hands, you should choose models that have a rubberized body. If the device will be used in conditions of high humidity or near water, it must be completely waterproof. The only way to protect your binoculars from fogging up its internal elements is by filling its housing with nitrogen, which is provided for in expensive models.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing binoculars

When a person is fully familiar with the basic parameters of binoculars and their varieties, he can go shopping. However, when making your final choice, you need to pay attention to a number of additional factors:

1. You should always give preference to a time-tested manufacturer. If a company has been specializing in the production of various optical products for many years, then their binoculars will be of good quality. Such devices will have good image quality and will allow long-term observation without causing eye strain.
2. You should not base your choice only on the multiplicity indicator. It is best to take several models with different magnifications for comparison and look through them at a piece of paper with text that needs to be placed at a distance of 15 meters. Text with lower magnification power will be much easier to read. It is worth buying a product with a high magnification only for the purpose of constant observation over long distances.
3. Binoculars are a device that can create a feeling of comfort in some hands, but be ineffective in others. Its choice must be approached individually. You definitely need to look through the device in the daytime and see the image with your own eyes. It is better to focus on your feelings than on the reviews of other people.
4. Before purchasing, you need to carefully consider the body and lenses of the device. The body must be free of dents and paint defects. Lenses must be clean and free of scratches. To check that there are no scratches or dirty spots on them, you can look through binoculars at a light background. If even the smallest traces of dirt or scratches are detected, the device will not function properly.
5. It is advisable to test the product not only on nearby, but also on distant objects. During viewing, due attention should be paid to image quality. The picture should have clear contours, and objects should not be surrounded by multi-colored auras. The image should not double or be slightly blurred. The quality of the transmitted image can be determined by the condition of the eyes. If you feel a little tension, then you should not take such a model, even if the picture, in the opinion of the person himself, is excellent.
6. When choosing, be sure to check the reliability and quality of the connecting mechanism of the telescopes. It should operate smoothly and not make any sounds. The fastening must be strong and not loose.
7. By giving preference to low-cost binoculars, a person runs the risk of purchasing a low-quality product.

Before making your final choice, hold the binoculars thoroughly in your hands. Think about whether it will be comfortable for you not only to conduct observation through it, but also to carry it over long distances. Weigh the pros and cons well and only then make your choice towards one of the models.

Binoculars are a portable optical device that consists of two spotting scopes with lenses connected together. It is used for remote monitoring of objects, animals, people or panoramas. The device magnifies the image, allowing you to clearly see details that are difficult to see with the naked eye.

How to use binoculars

It will take a few seconds to learn how to use such optics. In terms of use, this is a very simple technique. You need to take the body of the binoculars in your hands and put its eyepieces to your eyes. Due to the fact that the facial structure of each person is individual, the distance between the eyes is different. In this regard, the design of the device provides for the possibility of adjusting some parameters. The telescopes are not rigidly connected to each other, which allows you to change the angle between them, expanding or narrowing the distance between the eyes to suit the structural features of the face.

After the device is adjusted to the distance between the eyes, you need to set the magnification factor. Not all binoculars have this feature. Adjustment is carried out by a special wheel or lever located behind the right eyepiece. Rotating the adjusting washer allows you to adjust the optimal degree of magnification. If we consider relatively close objects, the minimum magnification is set. When you need to survey the distant horizon, the magnification level is set to the maximum level.

In addition to the individual characteristics of the facial structure, each person has a different quality of vision. Some suffer from myopia, others from farsightedness, and still others have almost perfect eyes. As a result, the eye crystal projects the image differently, transmitting it to the brain. In this regard, the location of the lenses inside the binoculars must be adapted to the characteristics of the person. This phenomenon is absolutely similar to what happens with vision glasses. Lenses with different diopters are suitable for some, and completely unsuitable for others. To solve this problem, binoculars focus by rotating the right eye or both eyes. If the settings are not suitable, the image appears blurry and almost white. After adjustment it becomes clear.

Binoculars by purpose

• Sports.
• Tourist.
• Hunting.
• Astronomical.
• Military.
• Theatrical.

Sports usually used by judges of various competitions to monitor athletes. They are also used by participants in military sports competitions such as paintball.

Tourist used by travelers. These are relatively lightweight devices that can be used to scan the surrounding landscape in search of an easier route through rough terrain.

Binoculars are also used hunters for watching game. The use of optical devices allows you to determine where a bird or other living creature is located in one place, without creating a frightening noise.

Astronomical are quite massive because they have multiple degrees of magnification. They are used to observe the sky. Of course, their magnification is significantly inferior to that of a telescope, but such devices have a great advantage - the ability to observe an object with two eyes. Most amateur telescopes only have one eyepiece, so binoculars are superior in this regard. Their ability to magnify objects makes it possible to view the Moon, as well as nearby celestial bodies moving nearby. The technical capabilities of such equipment leave no chance of discovering new comets or planets, but for entertaining inspection the parameters are quite sufficient.

Military are among the most trouble-free. They are characterized by increased resistance to mechanical stress. Such binoculars can differ significantly from each other depending on the direction of their use. For military purposes, binoculars are produced designed for reconnaissance activities, adjusting artillery fire, or for sentinels on towers and naval vessels.

The most compact are theatrical. They have a small multiplicity and are often equipped with a special handle for comfortable hand holding for a long time. Such devices are purchased by those who like to attend theaters and concerts. Magnifying optics allow you to view the action on stage while being in the back rows.

Binocular magnification

Or the degree of magnification of binoculars is one of the main criteria for choosing this optics. The higher this indicator, the more distant the object can be viewed, while identifying small details. Often, each binocular has a digital designation in its name, for example: 20X50. The number 20 means that the device is capable of magnifying the image 20 times. Not indicating this indicator in the title is a rare exception. In this case, you can find out about the multiplicity by examining the body of the device. The inscription is written with indelible paint from the side of the eyepiece. Devices that have a multiplicity correction function also have a digital designation. For example: 8-24X50 means that the optics are capable of magnification ranging from 8 to 24 times.

Lens diameter

A very important factor that you need to pay attention to when purchasing binoculars , is the diameter of the lens. This indicator determines the dimensional parameters of the lenses that provide magnification.

You need to understand that the lens and eyepiece are different parts of the binoculars. The lens is represented by a tube of larger diameter. He turns to the object of study, and the peephole is the lens to which the eyes are applied.

Lens diameter indicators are also indicated in the digital part of the model name. For example: the inscription 10×25 means that the device has a lens with a diameter of 25mm. The higher this indicator, the better the image. The fact is that a large lens receives a lot of light, so the enlarged image turns out to be contrasty and well-lit. So, if a device with a diameter of 25 mm can only work in good daylight, then with a 70 mm lens you can even work at night.

Exit pupil indicators

This is also an important parameter that you need to pay attention to when choosing binoculars. In other words, this concept hides the level of light flux that the eyepiece can transmit to the eye. It is calculated by a simple mathematical formula. It is necessary to divide the lens diameter by the magnification. For example: a device with 10x50 indicators has an exit pupil indicator of 5 mm (50/10 = 5 mm).

It is necessary that this indicator corresponds to the capabilities of the human eye. So in the daytime the pupil narrows to a level of 2-4 mm. Thus, if the device also operates in this range, looking through it will be more than comfortable. At night, a person’s pupil dilates significantly to 6-8 mm, so binoculars with a 2 mm pupil output will not be comfortable for vision. It is considered optimal if the exit pupil characteristic ranges from 4 to 7 mm, which will make the optics universal for day and night.

Presence of antireflective coating

Binoculars consist of many lenses that are capable of transmitting not all light through them, since they have the property of reflection. Even relatively inexpensive binoculars can have 10 lenses. Ultimately, about 45% of the light will reach the eyes through them, so the image will be less contrasting and bright. To compensate for this shortcoming of the lenses, a special coating is applied to them.

The anti-reflective layer makes production more expensive, so not all binoculars have it. In this regard, when choosing an optical device, you need to look for the following terms in its instructions:

• Coated - one layer of polymer on the outer lens.
• Fully coated – one layer on all lenses.
• Multi coated – multi-layer coating only on the outer lens.
• Fully multi coated – multi-layer coating on all installed lenses.

The arrangement of lenses in telescopes

If we look at the design of binoculars externally, it is easy to understand that often its lenses are not arranged in relation to each other in one row, like a spyglass, which was previously used by sailors and military generals. The eyepiece tubes are usually offset relative to the objective channel. If we consider the systems for arranging lenses in telescopes that are currently used, we can distinguish the following systems:

• Galilee.
• Porro.
• Roof prisms.

Prism system by method Galilee provides for their direct location. This method can only be found in theater binoculars, since it has a lot of disadvantages and is the most primitive. It was from this that the development of optics was carried out.

Prisms Porro provide excellent light transmittance. The image they produce has increased contrast. This system produces a picture with high volume, but the design itself is quite massive. As a result, the device has increased dimensions, so it is not so easy to carry.

Rufus-prisms are practically not inferior to the Porro system, but at the same time they have much smaller dimensions. Such binoculars are quite often found on sale. They are especially valued by tourists due to their light weight and dimensions, which is especially important when traveling on foot over rough terrain.