In the novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov "Oblomov" the characters of two heroes are compared - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolz. I can’t even believe that people of the same time, friends can be so different. At first glance, it may seem that Ilya Ilyich does not know what to live for, and Stolz has already found the answer to this question. But that's not the case at all! // Oblomov - Russian landowner. "He was a man of about thirty-two - three years old, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea ... The thought walked like a free bird across his face, fluttered in his eyes ... then completely disappeared." He lives on the income received from the Oblomovka estate. Ilya Ilyich spends all his days in idleness, lying on the sofa in his favorite dressing gown. "That was his normal state." Why exactly?! "An indifferent complexion, lazy movements, anxieties, fading in apathy or drowsiness", convince even more that Oblomov is a person who has completely retired from that false and meaningless world in which all his acquaintances and friends live, including and Stoltz himself. Oblomov spends whole days at home, thinking about the necessary transformations in his estate. Things don't go beyond dreams. // Andrey Stolz is the exact opposite of Oblomov. If Oblomov's natural state is peace, then Stolz's is movement, running through life. Unlike his friend, Andrey looks at life soberly. His main principle was "a simple, that is, a direct, real view of life." "He was afraid of any dream, or if he entered her area, then he entered ... knowing the hour and minute when he would leave from there." That is, Stolz did not succumb to illusions, unlike Oblomov. From early childhood, he was brought up in the most severe conditions. The most important role in his upbringing was played by his father, who instilled in his son diligence, determination, resistance to the difficulties and hardships of life. The father could not offer Andrei another goal of life, as soon as "to extend the track from his grandfather, as if on a ruler, to his future grandson." Oblomov was constantly told by his parents that he was a gentleman, that in order to fulfill any of his desires, he only needed to order Zakharka or Vanka, who exist to fulfill his command. // How is it possible that Andrei Stoltz could be so close to Oblomov, "in which every feature, every step, the whole existence was a blatant protest against Stolz's life?" It is unlikely that childhood and school brought them together so much, this is not at all necessary. In my opinion, Stolz himself answers this question: “Oblomov will never bow to the idol of lies, his soul will always be pure, bright, honest ... This is a crystal, transparent soul; there are few such people; they are rare; these are pearls in the crowd! "// Throughout the novel, both characters express their ideas about the ideal of life, the life positions that they adhere to. Goncharov shows that all Oblomov's dreams are doomed, because Ilya Ilyich did nothing to implement them. The head has a very important role in the novel" Oblomov's dream." This dream explains why the fate of the protagonist developed as it is described in the novel. If this chapter did not exist, then no one, in my opinion, would understand why Ilya Oblomov spent whole days lying on the couch, "with the absence of any specific idea, any concentration in facial features. "Upbringing left a very big imprint on his consciousness. His parents did not particularly care about the spiritual world of Ilyusha. Their main task is to protect the boy from the hustle and bustle of life. Work for the Oblomovites is a punishment, which was “sent to them from above.” “Care for food was the first and main concern of life in Oblomovka.” // Oblomov's idea of the world around him was formed from those fairy tales that his nanny told him. Many of these stories (about monsters, about the dead) horrified Ilyusha. They influenced Oblomov so strongly that "imagination and mind, imbued with fiction, remained in his slavery until old age." But not only Oblmov had such a strong belief in fairy-tale creatures, in fairy tales, but all the inhabitants of Oblomovka had the same idea of life: “The life of a person of that time was terrible and unfaithful; it was dangerous for him to go beyond the threshold of the house: his, that and look, the beast will stab, the robber will slaughter ... "But life is not at all what the Oblomovites considered it to be. Only in dreams they could live in their fairy-tale world. //The impact on Ilyusha of the Oblomov environment was so strong and deep that it could no longer be eradicated. And when Oblomov nevertheless encountered the real world, he continued to spread Oblomovka to the outside world. For example, he had the impression (even before the service) that the boss is "a second father who only breathes how ... to reward his subordinates and take care not only of their needs, but also of pleasures." Oblomovka remained the ideal of his whole life as a symbol of the lost paradise, to which, in his opinion, all people aspire as a result of throwing through life. // Stolz lives "for labor itself, nothing else". For him, labor is "the image, content, element and purpose of life." Even the appearance of Andrei clearly and vividly describes his lifestyle: "He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse." Stolz's life was like a shoelace. It seemed to him that "it is tricky and difficult to live easily", that any knot of the lace (of life) can be easily untied. But a person is not able to control his own destiny, which seemed possible to Stolz. Fate can tie such an insoluble "knot" in a person's life that hardly anyone can untie it. // Oblomov completely drove labor out of life. He lived only in dreams of a future life. The meeting of friends was a turning point for Oblomov. Stolz put Ilya Ilyich face to reality, and Oblomov "feared, recognizing himself." It was as if Andrey held up a mirror to Oblomov when he said: “There you drove labor out of life: what does it look like? I will try to lift you up, maybe for the last time. you will become a burden even to yourself. Now or never!” // So what was the purpose of Oblomov's life? Ilya Ilyich could not, did not want to become a successful Stolz, despite the fact that he respected such people, appreciated their diligence. The main goal of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is not comfort and not the pursuit of new benefits, but something more. He himself could not set himself a worthy goal and decided to remain in the position in which nature and fate had placed him. In Stolz's eyes, this meant stopping and inevitably sinking. Why does Ilya Ilyich wear a dressing gown and cherishes it? A bathrobe is the freedom to be yourself, despite the lack of freedom of the surrounding world, dressed in tailcoats and uniforms. In his dressing gown, Oblomov hopes to find refuge from social life. The poetic dreaminess of Ilya Ilyich does not recognize the fetters of prose. "To this day," Goncharov notes in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream," "Russian man, among the strict reality that surrounds him, devoid of fiction, loves to believe the seductive tales of antiquity, and for a long time, perhaps, he will not renounce this faith." Oblomov feels that there is something in the origin that cannot be exchanged for profit, something valuable, not like worldly happiness or Stoltsev's progress. It is valuable in freedom. Therefore, Oblomov values \u200b\u200bpeace so much, fences himself off from everyone with apathy. Dressed in a robe, in solitude, Ilya Ilyich "lives in the world he created." He is a romantic dreamer, an artist. He draws the pattern of his life, "the performer and creator of his ideas." // "Yes, you are a poet, Ilya!" - says Stolz, further calling Oblomov a philosopher and an actor. Oblomov in his thoughts is generally serious and significant. His utopias are not trifles at all. All this is an expression of "the ideal of life, which nature has pointed out as the goal of man." The purpose of man is not to lose this ideal. // The world where Stolz is trying to draw Oblomov into does not recognize a higher beginning in a person, the value of a person, which is why emptiness and boredom reign in this world. “Where is the man here? Where is his integrity?” Oblomov asks. “All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these are members of the world and society!” All the more reason for Ilya Ilyich to hide from the world behind his dressing gown, to go into Oblomovism. // Oblomov admits to Stolz: "I did not understand this life." Although Oblomov, perhaps, understood life correctly, he did not understand himself, did not realize in himself a person in order to live, and not to freeze in front of life. The omniscient Stolz coined a strange word - "Oblomovism", and Ilya Ilyich recognized the power of Oblomovism over himself. Oblomov died under the weight of someone else's word, because he could not work out his own word about himself. // It seems to me that Goncharov does not set himself the task of revealing the meaning of human life. He only shows two extremes: Oblomovs and Stolts.
Oblomov and Stolz
Stolz - Oblomov's antipode (Principle of antithesis)
The whole figurative system of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is aimed at revealing the character, essence of the protagonist. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the couch, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolz is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, five miles from Oblomovka. In the first two chapters of the second part there is a detailed account of the life of Stolz, of the conditions in which his active character was formed.
1. Common features:
a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and he is already over thirty”);
b) religion;
c) studying at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verkhlev;
d) service and quick retirement;
e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;
e) kindness to each other.
2. Various features:
A ) portrait;
Oblomov . “He was a man of about thirty-two or three years of age, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence: any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.
«… flabby beyond years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white color of the neck, small plump hands, soft shoulders seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained softness and laziness not devoid of a kind of grace.
Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness ... "
Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.
b) parents, family;
Oblomov's parents are Russian, he grew up in a patriarchal family.
Stolz - a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian ... ". The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but the Russian environment of Stolz interfered.
c) education;
Oblomov passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives and friends", his upbringing was of a patriarchal nature.
Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus.”
When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, forced him to work. Then Stoltz began to send his son to the city with instructions, "and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, made a mistake."
Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that a “good bursh” would grow out of his son, the father encouraged boyish fights in every possible way, without which his son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart”, Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from, and every time young Stlz returned with lessons learned.
From his father, he received a “labor, practical education”, and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put a love of art and beauty into the soul of little Andrei. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to work hard, not at all lordly work.
d) attitude towards studying in a boarding house;
Oblomov studied "out of necessity", "serious reading tired him", "but the poets touched ... to the quick"
Stolz always studied well, was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school
e) further education;
Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until the age of twenty, then graduated from the university.
Stolz Brilliantly graduated from the university. Parting with his father, sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly fulfill his father's advice and go to an old friend of Ivan Bogdanovich Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reinhold. Such autonomy and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov lacks so much.
f) lifestyle;
“Lying at Ilya Ilyich’s was his normal state”
Stolz has a thirst for action
g) housekeeping;
Oblomov did not do business in the village, received an insignificant income and lived in debt.
Stolz serves with success, retires to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia.
h) life aspirations;
Oblomov, in his youth, "prepared for the field", thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends.
Stoltz, chose an active principle in his youth ... Stoltz's ideal of life is unceasing and meaningful work, it is "the image, content, element and purpose of life."
i) views on society;
Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means, he is not a supporter of progressive forms of housekeeping.
According to Stolz, with the help of the construction of “schools”, “marinas”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “fragments” should turn into well-maintained estates that generate income.
j) attitude towards Olga;
Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman who could create a serene family life.
Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal that Oblomov fails to achieve: “worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>as Oblomov also dreamed ... Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot.
k) relationship and mutual influence;
Oblomov considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.
Stolz highly valued the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz is doing everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also turned out to be on top: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.
Oblomov is accustomed to living at the behest of Stolz in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stolz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, and Oblomov is in no hurry to follow the advice of Stolz: their concept of life, work, and application of forces is too different.
After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes on the upbringing of Oblomov's son, Andryusha, named after him.
m) self-esteem ;
Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.
m) character traits ;
Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.
Stolz is active, sharp, practical, accurate, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream". Happiness for him was constancy. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...".
The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.
Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.
Stolz in Goncharov's novel was assigned the role of a person who could break Oblomovism and revive the hero. According to critics, the vagueness of Goncharov's idea of the role of "new people" in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stoltz was, what he achieved. Showing the Parisian life of Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero
So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and the complete opposite of the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who can, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a "man of action" in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stoltz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.
Literature - 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"
(based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")
The objectives of the lesson: to identify the features of the author's position through a comparison of the characters (Oblomov and Stolz); develop the skills of characterization of literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; educate a thoughtful reader, enrich the speech of students.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
The content of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov";
The main idea of the work;
main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer the questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and systematize educational material;
Improve your writing skills;
Draw conclusions and link them into a monologue statement.
During the classes.
IOrganizational moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2,
chapters 1 - 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIMessage about the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Lesson plan work.
1. Introductory speech.
Good afternoon guys! The study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of a person ... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (recording the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2, chapters 1 - 4)
2. Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these characters, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz ... who are they - twins or antipodes?
Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is his perfect antipode, or he is his perfect antipode.
Double - a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
What is your perception about Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov has already taken place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, not focused. Let's give him a more detailed description. (student answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov's guests, who Ilya Ilyich "does not like", in contrast to his childhood friend Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, whom he "loved sincerely";
In connection with the dreams of the protagonist, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in Oblomov's Dream, fitting into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood, which shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero at the end of the first part and chapters 1-2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Frames from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov"
(meeting of Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people, they are true friends. But these characters are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in the literature - a comparative characteristic. Before you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for upbringing, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitudes towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column, we will make entries ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test
a) Appearance: ( when they are presented to the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the characters?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”, Oblomov’s peer, “thin, his cheeks are almost completely no, ... the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
b) Origin:
…
…a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. brilliantly graduates from the university, serves with success, retires to do his own thing; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell about it.
Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, get dressed, pour water for himself) labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed outside. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." (Oblomov)
His father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy ... (Stoltz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz's childhood passed, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Farewell of Stolz with his father) by roles.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? What did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as an antipode to the main character; Stolz is different.
His upbringing is labor, practical, he was brought up by life itself (cf .: “If Oblomov’s son disappeared ...”).
A special conversation is required: the attitude of the mother; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “bursh did not work”, which replaced the “narrow German gauge” with a “wide road”.
Stolz - Stolz ("proud"). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: "Education", indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University.
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, dismantled the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemachus from the warehouses.
On the basis of upbringing and education, a certain program was laid.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
d) The embedded program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found consolation in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate).
“Ilya Ilich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state.”
What was Stoltz most afraid of?
Justifying their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity were an active principle.
“He is constantly on the move: if the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows.
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live the four seasons, that is, four ages, without jumps and carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain ...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is ...in peace and enjoyment ; see about Oblomov's dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).
Teacher: 3-4 chapters of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is a dispute where the views, positions of the characters collided.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov's dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a dispute occur?(The labor path: Stolz's disagreement with the ideal of a friend, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise, drawn by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and goal of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introduction to the meaning of life.
Stills from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov" ( second monologue. Oblomov's confession, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey…”)
In what context does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the characters come to light in the dispute?
f) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triplets and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch. (Oblomov)
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stoltz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stoltz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
- With which of the characters and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have the right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stolz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot outguess Oblomov. Why? He can't even when he has the last word. Inwardly, we feel, we understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov's resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
"...he is constantly on the move..."
Sleep (inactivity)
"the balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"
Dream - "shell, self-deception"
"he was afraid of any dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of being and the aspirations of a person in a strict understanding and administration of life"
Fear of circumstances
"Attributed the cause of all sufferingyourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals” (Stoltz)
Labor is a punishment
“Labor is an image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Make a conclusion about , at what levels, in what details
- Isn't Stoltz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who are looking for meaning in secular life are dead people, such a life is a useless fuss. Why is he lying on the couch worse?!
Is the poetic perception of Oblomov's life the refinement of the hero's soul, "subtle poetic nature" or a way to hide from reality?
The strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: a hero and circumstances, a false and positive meaning of existence?
Outcome:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Argument. What values (which of the characters) will you take into your life baggage?)
- What were our heroes like in love? Have you passed the test of love or not?
Student responses:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov abandoned love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it.” He was frightened, he needed love not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz he loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of the Archimedean lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as there are lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse. He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and in relation to others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- On the basis of all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. A kind, lazy person is most worried about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable dressing gown, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness.
2. Stolz . Strong and smart, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. A real "iron" character has formed, but in some way it resembles a car, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated all his life before us is a rather dry rationalist.
The answer to the problematic question: Oblomov and Stolz - twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summarizing.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to oppose the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the "Oblomovism" and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the attitude of the author to the hero is manifested.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for the sake of Oblomov and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a boon for her son.
Olga is very ill (there is not enough Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrey Stoltz is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, as a result, all the heroes came to the same "Oblomovism"!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adult independent life. Take energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will into your life baggage from Stolz, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years in a harsh, hardening courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not raise them later!”
VI . Homework :
Roman I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov":
Individual tasks:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (ch.5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (Ch. 6-12)
3. The image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), a new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
Origin
from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized with slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy.
Education
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University
Pledged program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses into warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemak in warehouses.
… energy and vigorous activity are the active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triplets and jacks?
Stolz learns life, asks her: “What to do? Where to go next? » And goes! Without Oblomov...
The purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch.
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single true friend, except for Stolz.
Stolz always and everywhere had a lot of friends - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to people-personalities, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch on the sly, then it will suddenly swoop right from the forehead and sprinkle sand ... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" Stoltz said.
Stoltz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
love test
he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test
Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has firmly entered the classical literature of our country. The originality of his artistic world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to capture in his work the full image of the subject, sculpt, mint it.
The main idea of Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"
In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns the inactivity of the nobility. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the efficiency of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, in the character of Oblomov, his lordly pampering is essential, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the impotence of will and mind. The image of this hero at the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with the pre-reform life of the country's local nobility. More than 100 years ago, the work was written, but it still attracts attention. This novel is certainly a classic work created by the beautiful Russian language.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov
What is the characteristic of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to him in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization, at first glance, is devoid of attractiveness. In the novel, this hero appears as a man of not his first youth. He tried in the past to serve, but he withdrew from all activity and became unable to return to it. He does not want not only to do something, but even to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is violated only by visitors who come only with selfish goals to Oblomov. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov, on the other hand, turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.
However, Oblomov's characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to her.
Andrei Ivanovich Stolz
Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a "new man". Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions from childhood, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is an alien and official careerism, and noble laziness, a businessman who is distinguished by such a level of culture and such activity, which at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchant class. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among business Russian people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the offspring of a half-German family. Stolz, however, was raised by a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital's university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, marinas, schools, patriarchal "fragments" will turn into well-maintained estates that bring income.
Views on Oblomov's life
Not only apathy marked Oblomov's characterization. This character is trying to "philosophize". Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of the patriarchal life with the moral depravity of the representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for striving for careerism, lack of serious interests, mutual hostility covered up by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.
Stolz's attitude to life
On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the "dream", of everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by "dream" he means not only rosy romance, but all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the convictions of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subjected to the analysis of practical truth, experience, is an optical illusion or a fact, to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.
The value of a love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters
A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship of these heroes with Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into a love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. Therefore, the heroine of Oblomov was supposed to be an outstanding personality. In Olga Ilyinskaya, we will not find any secular coquetry, or aristocratic whims, nothing mannered, deliberately made for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as the natural freedom of action, word and look.
Both main characters created by Goncharov fail in their love relationship with this woman, each in their own way. And this reveals the failure of the author's illusions in assessing both. Oblomov's "honest and true", "golden" heart is suddenly in doubt along with his decency. Note that this hero, who has a "heart as deep as a well," is shamefully disingenuous in front of the girl, referring to the fact that he "warned" her about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich "has died a long time ago."
The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrey Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov, showing his life in Paris with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of his hero's views. In fact, he lowers it, since being interested in everything means not systematically, deeply, seriously not getting involved in anything. It means to learn everything from other people's words, to take it from the wrong hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Against the will of the author, the story of the joint life of these two heroes, which was supposed to be the praise of Stoltz, in the end turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel appears only as a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend, give happiness to his beloved woman. Only the tendentiousness of the author saves Stolz from a complete collapse. After all, Goncharov ("Oblomov") was on his side. Oblomov's characterization, created by the writer, as well as the author's voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.
Weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent
In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. Weak not only Oblomov. The characterization of the hero Stolz is also not devoid of this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become the successors of the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving the fundamental issues of the life of the country.
The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature
So, a comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, arouse sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.
Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristic of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, helps to better remember information. Therefore, a comparative table in literature lessons as a type of work is often used at school. When deep analysis is required, it is better to refuse it. Namely, such a task was set when creating this article.
The novel "Oblomov" is one of the landmark works of the 19th century, covering many social and philosophical topics. An important role in revealing the ideological meaning of the work is played by the analysis of the relationship between the two main male characters in the book. In the novel "Oblomov", the characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reflects their completely different nature, opposed by the author.
According to the plot of the work, the characters are best friends from an early age, helping each other as much as possible even in adulthood: Stolz Oblomov - the solution to many of his pressing problems, and Ilya Ilyich to Andrei Ivanovich - pleasant conversations that allow Stolz to restore peace of mind.
Portrait characteristics of heroes
A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is given by the author himself and is most remarkable when comparing their portrait characteristics, as well as characters. Ilya Ilyich is a soft, quiet, kind, dreamy, reflective bumpkin who makes any decision at the behest of his heart, even if the mind leads the hero to the opposite conclusions. The appearance of the introverted Oblomov fully corresponds to his character - his movements are soft, lazy, rounded, and the image is characterized by excessive effeminacy, which is not typical for a man.
Stolz, both internally and externally, is completely different from Oblomov. The main thing in the life of Andrei Ivanovich is the rational grain, in all matters he relies only on the mind, while the dictates of the heart, intuition and the sphere of feelings for the hero are not only something secondary, but also inaccessible, incomprehensible to his rational thoughts. Unlike the “flabby beyond his years” Oblomov, Stolz seemed to consist of “bones, muscles and nerves.” His life is a rapid race forward, an important attribute of which is the constant self-development of the individual and continuous work. The images of Oblomov and Stolz seem to be a mirror image of each other: active, extroverted, successful in society and in the career field, Stolz is opposed to the lazy, apathetic, unwilling to communicate with anyone, and even more so to return to the service, Oblomov.
Differences in the upbringing of heroes
When comparing Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz, as well as for a better understanding of the images of the characters, it is important to briefly describe the atmosphere in which each of the characters grew up. Despite the “addictive”, as if covering with a veil of half-asleep and laziness, Oblomovka’s environment, little Ilya was a cheerful, active and curious child, which at first was very similar to Stolz. He wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, but the excessive concern of his parents, the "hothouse" upbringing, the inculcation of obsolete, obsolete and aimed at the ideals of the past values, made the child a worthy successor to the traditions of "Oblomovism", the bearer of the "Oblomov" worldview - lazy, introvert, living in his own illusory world.
However, Stolz also did not grow up the way he could have grown up. At first glance, the combination in his upbringing of the strict approach of a German father and the tenderness of a noble mother of Russian origin would allow Andrei to become a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality. Nevertheless, as the author points out, Stolz grew up "like a cactus accustomed to drought." The young man lacked love, warmth and gentleness, since he was mainly raised by his father, who did not think that sensitivity should be instilled in a man. However, the Russian roots of Stolz until the end of their lives were looking for this spiritual warmth, finding it in Oblomov, and then in the idea of Oblomovka, which he denied.
Education and career of heroes
The inconsistency of the characters of Stolz and Oblomov manifests itself already in his youth, when Andrei Ivanovich, trying to learn as much as possible about the world around him, tried to instill in Ilya Ilyich a love of books, to ignite a flame in him that would make him strive forward. And Stoltz succeeded, but for a very short time - as soon as Oblomov remained on his own, the book became less important for him than, for example, sleep. Somehow, rather, for his parents, Ilya Ilyich graduated from school, and then the university, where he was absolutely not interested, since the hero did not understand how mathematics and other sciences could be useful to him in life. Even a single failure in the service was the end of his career for him - it was too hard for the sensitive, soft Oblomov to adapt to the strict rules of the capital world, far from the norms of life in Oblomovka.
Stolz, with his rational, active view of the world, is much easier to move up the career ladder, because any failure was more like another incentive for him than a defeat. Andrey Ivanovich's continuous activity, high efficiency, ability to please others made him a useful person in any workplace and a pleasant guest in any society, and all thanks to the purposefulness laid down by his father and the continuous thirst for knowledge that his parents developed in Stolz in childhood.
Characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz as carriers of two opposite principles
In critical literature, when comparing Oblomov and Stolz, it is widely believed that the characters are two opposites, two types of “superfluous” heroes who cannot be found in real life in their “pure” form, even though Oblomov is a realistic novel. , and, consequently, the described images must be typical images. However, when analyzing the upbringing and formation of each of the characters, the reasons for Oblomov's apathy, laziness and daydreaming become clear, as well as excessive dryness, rationality, even similarity with a certain Stolz mechanism.
A comparison of Stolz and Oblomov makes it possible to understand that both heroes are not only personalities typical of their time, but are also images that are tendentious for any time. Oblomov is a typical son of wealthy parents, brought up in an atmosphere of love and increased care, protected by his family from the need to work, decide something and act actively, because there will always be “Zakhar” who will do everything for him. Stolz, on the other hand, is a person who is taught from an early age to the need to work and work, while being deprived of love and care, which leads to a certain internal callousness of such a person, to a misunderstanding of the nature of feelings and emotional deprivation.
Artwork test
