"All that Lermontov wanted to add to the fact
what he said in "Hero of Our Time",
expressed in a portrait Pechorin ».
A. M. Marchenko "Centuries will not be erased."
I Introduction by the teacher. Conversation.
You know that literature and books help us understand other people, the world and ourselves in it. One of these books is Lermontov's novel A Hero of Our Time, on which we are starting to work. The very title says: the image of the central staff is inextricably linked with a certain era, this is the hero of his time. No wonder the novel caused a heated controversy: is this really the hero of the era, or is it a slander on modern man? But we read the novel in our time, and for us it is not so much what Pechorin's time was like and what the hero of that time was like, but something else: what Lermontov reveals to us now, what the writer's thoughts mean now, for us.Watch the video clip , mark in your notebooks why, when reading a novel, we are faced with a problem that is important for each of us: what depends on the person himself, does he determine his own destiny or something outside of him?
Video slide.
Teacher (slide 4): We return to the question. What records did you make?
(student answers)
Teacher:
The focus of our lesson is the portrait of Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin. And the theme of the lessonPechorin - "portrait of a generation" (slide 5)
What final punctuation mark would you put at the end of a sentence?
(slide 6)
Teacher: Let's define a keyword in the topic of the lesson.(slide 7)
Let's remember what a portrait is.(slide 8) We get acquainted with a new literary term - a psychological portrait. Why is a psychological portrait important to us? (student answers).
Work with the epigraph for the lesson. (slide 9)
“Everything that Lermontov wanted to add to what he said in A Hero of Our Time is expressed in the portrait of Pechorin.” A. Marchenko
Identify key words in this sentence.
Answer: ( everything is said in the portrait of Pechorin)
Teacher: So, everything is expressed in the portrait.
Why is the portrait of the hero so important for Lermontov? And whatAll expressed in the portrait of the hero? Find the answer to this question in the preface to the novel.
(students work with the preface)
Slide 11.
M. Yu. Lermontov in the “Preface” to the novel writes: “The Hero of Our Time, my gracious sovereigns, is definitely a portrait, but not of one person: this is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development”
Teacher: Taskauthor - indicate the disease! And society must cope with the disease. Pechorin is one of the members of the society. It turns out that the main character of the novel is a negative character?! Or is it still positive?(slide 12) Having already heard a lot in the lesson and having read the first stories of the novel, try to answer the question yourself: “What do I know about Pechorin?”. (slide 13)
(work in pairs, write down the assumptions on the board)
Teacher: The fact is that the meaning of the word "hero" can be understood in different ways. The explanatory dictionary gives several of its meanings.
I offer you the following definitions:Slide 14
1) A person exceptional in courage or in his valor.
2) The main character of a literary work.
3) A person who, by his character and actions, is the spokesman of some environment or era.
Teacher: Which of these definitions fits the image of Grigory Pechorin? (3 definition)
Teacher: The shortcomings of each individual person can be inherent only to him - then you can try to correct them. But when the vices are characteristic of a whole generation, the blame falls not on individuals, but on the society that gave rise to these vices! It was necessary to correct Russian reality, a whole generation!
What kind of generation is this, to which both M. Yu. Lermontov himself and his hero belong? slide 15
The main period of Lermontov's work is associated with the era of the 30s of the XIX century - the time of the Nikolaev reaction in all spheres of public life. The ideas, ideals, goals and meaning of life of the Pushkin generation - everything was destroyed. These are difficult times, later they will be called the era of timelessness. In such years, they talk about lack of spirituality, about the fall of morality.
The need to master the “mistakes of the fathers”, to rethink what seemed immutable to the previous generation, to develop one’s own moral and philosophical position is a characteristic feature of the era of the 1920s and 1930s.
Man and destiny, man and his purpose, the purpose and meaning of human life, its possibilities and reality, free will and necessity - all these questions received a figurative embodiment in the novel.
Teacher: After the collapse of Decembrism, which revealed its internal failure, Russian social thought was in a situation of painful search.
A contemporary of Pushkin and Lermontov, the French writer Alfred de Musset symbolically presented this situation as follows: (slide 16)“Behind - the past, destroyed forever, but still trembling on its ruins ... Ahead - the radiance of an immense horizon ... And between these two worlds - a stormy sea, full of shipwrecked wreckage, where a distant sail occasionally whitens."
Teacher: What lyrical poem by Lermontov do you remember when reading this quote?(Children read the poem "Sail" by heart) Slide 17
Is it possible to compare the lonely Sail with the character of Pechorin?
(The sail, a symbol of rebelliousness, a challenge to fate, is the most important image in Lermontov's work. Let us recall at least an entry in Pechorin's diary: “I, like a sailor, was born and raised on the deck of a robber brig ... he is bored and languishing, no matter how beckoning his shady grove , no matter how the peaceful sun shines on him ... and peers into the foggy distance: will not flash there ... the desired sail ... ”Pechorin is lonely in any society, wherever he goes.
Pechorin, like Lermontov's "sail", travels without a goal, without realizing it, "he does not seek happiness and does not run away from happiness." Pechorin cannot find happiness, since his active nature does not find any use for himself.)
Teacher: This hero from the moment of his appearance to the present day has evoked and evokes different opinions. It attracts artists, directors, readers directly.
Maybe he is so attractive because the novel "A Hero of Our Time" - psychological novel.(slide 18)
Recall what epic work is called a novel?
(slide 19)
Now it is important for us to define the features of the psychological novel. Let's compare (slide 20) ....
(student answers)
SUMMARY (slide 21)
Teacher: So the psychological novel is... (slide 22)
The writer is interested (slide 23) the inner world of the hero - the psychology of the soul - a psychological portrait of the personality.
What is the psychological portrait of Pechorin? What will help us trace this chain in the novel?
Consider the features of the composition of the novel. ( slide 24)
In "A Hero of Our Time" the composition organizes, builds a plot, not a plot. To understand the difference, it is necessary to clarify the concepts of plot and plot.
Exercise: Study the theoretical material. Arrange the stories in event and then chronological order.
(independent work of students)
CHECK: (slide 24)
Teacher: Why does Lermontov violate the chronology of events? What purpose did he pursue by arranging the stories in such a sequence?
(student answers)
I GENERALIZE (slide 25)
By arranging the stories in such a sequence, the author pursued the goal arising from the ideological design - to reveal the complex nature of Pechorin wider and deeper.
Let us recall once again that the novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of a person, a description of the "history of the human soul."
Lermontov created a completely new novel - new in form and content: a psychological novel, foreseeing the further development of Russian prose in this direction. From now on, the Russian novel in its best, classical forms will become a psychological novel. He will always focus on the inner world of the characters and will shy away from direct and contrasting assessments.
(slide 25, reading)
Teacher: Is it possible to see the inner qualities of a person?
(student answers)
That's right, no. But they are manifested in his behavior, in relation to others. Word personality comes from the words "face", "disguise". In ancient Greek, and then in ancient Roman theaters, the actor went on stage in a mask, so that it was visible from the last rows of the amphitheater, the features of one character or another were applied - a comedian or a villain. The coloring of the mask indicated the moral and psychological qualities of a person. They are the basis of the human personality. The psychological portrait of a person includes the following main properties: (Slide 26)
How do we see Pechorin? What can we say about his character, attitude to life and people around him, what principles and considerations does he follow in his life?
Lesson Objectives: review and discussion of the content of the novel; identifying the reading position of students; development of monologue speech skills.
Vocabulary work: plot, plot, composition.
During the classes:
Introduction by the teacher.
"The Hero of Our Time" is "the story of the human soul", one personality that embodied in its unique individuality the contradictions of an entire historical period. Pechorin is the only main character, his loneliness in the novel is fundamentally significant. This is the story of the futile attempts of an outstanding person to realize himself, to find at least some satisfaction for his needs, attempts that invariably turn into suffering and losses for him and those around him, the story of his loss of powerful vitality and an absurd, unexpected, but prepared by all the narrated death from nothing to do, from his uselessness to anyone else and to himself. Lermontov himself somewhat succumbed to the general mood and in the preface to the second edition of A Hero of Our Time2 (1841) stated that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development.” But in the preface to Pechorin's journal, he was called precisely the hero of the time.
Work with the plot order of the novel - chronological (plot order).
« Bela » Journey along the Georgian Military Highway of an officer - narrator with Maxim Maksimych.
The first part of Maxim Maksimych's story about Bel.
Crossing the Cross Pass.
The second part of Maxim Maksimych's story about Bel.
The end of Bela. Conclusion on behalf of the officer - the narrator.
"Maxim Maksimych" Meeting with Maxim Maksimych and Pechorin.
With the inclusion of a message that Pechorin died.
"Foreword to Pechorin's Journal" History before Pechorin got to the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
"Taman" Pechorin's diary, made the night before the duel.
"Princess Mary" The end of the story is a note made by Pechorin from memory in the fortress.
"Fatalist" The story of Vulich in the Cossack village in winter, before Bela's abduction.
The maximum interest of the reader in the fate of Pechorin;
trace the history of his inner life;
The image of Pechorin is revealed in two ways: from the point of view of an outside observer and in terms of internal self-disclosure;
With such a construction, as if leaving the hero alive, it is easier for the author to show his position.
3. Visual gymnastics.
4. Implementation of homework:
During the test, students may be asked the following questions to identify perception:
"Bela" - Why did the author put the story about Pechorin's love story into the mouth of Maxim Maksimych?
"Maxim Maksimych" - Who describes the portrait of Pechorin? Why? Why does the scene of Pechorin's meeting with Maxim Maksimych make you sympathize with Pechorin too?
5. Dispute on the topic "Pechorin is a hero of his time."
Students should be asked why Lermontov singled out such a person against the background of other heroes, why, despite unseemly acts, Pechorin is better than all other heroes.
6. The result of the lesson: the teacher notes the unusual nature of the novel, talks about the history of critical literature about the novel.
7. Homework: prepare for the commented reading of the chapter "Princess Mary".
Topic: "Pechorin's Journal" as a means of self-disclosure of the hero's character
| The literary novelty of “Pechorin’s diary” has long attracted literary critics - it was here that a specific person was innovatively shown by extremely exhaustive linguistic means, ( personality, according to B.M. Eikhenbaum: “A Hero of Our Time” is the first “analytical” novel in Russian prose: its ideological and plot center is not an external biography (“life and adventures”), namely personality of a person - his spiritual and mental life, taken from within as a process"), reflecting a new phenomenon of Russian reality. Chapter "Taman". Questions to help you prepare for the test:
Chapter "Princess Mary". Orally analyze the chapter on the questions:
Chapter "Fatalist". Orally answer the following questions:
CONCLUSION: Pechorin appears in the Journal as a deeply feeling and suffering person. His soul is "corrupted by the light", and his whole life is retribution for his own actions. Pechorin's personality is complex and contradictory. Unwittingly, he becomes the culprit of the misfortunes of others. The author's skill in creating a psychological portrait of Pechorin is manifested in the depiction of his inner life, his introspection, plot and compositional features of the novel. |
Test according to the tale of N.S. Leskov "Lefty"
Part 1: Run the test.
1. "Lefty" is...
1) true story, folk tale
2) a fictional story that grew out of a saying
3) processed version of a folk tale
2. What is the subtitle of the story "Lefty"?
1) "Legend of a steel flea, forged by a Russian craftsman"
2) "Shop legend..."
3) ""The Tale of the Tula oblique left-hander and the steel flea"
3. Which of the heroes said these words: "... we are Russians, with our meaning we are no good"
1) Don Cossack Platov
2) Emperor Alexander Pavlovich
3) Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich
4. Which of the heroes owns the following thought: "... what our people look at - everyone can do":
1) Platov
2) Nikolai Pavlovich
5. The most skillful Tula gunsmiths, having received Platov’s order, set off
1) to Kyiv to bow to the saints
2) pray to Moscow
3) to Mtsensk in the Oryol province to serve a prayer service
6. What work did Lefty do:
1) forged horseshoes for fleas
2) engraved the master's name
3) forged carnations
7. How did the sovereign Nikolai Pavlovich with the Tula Lefty, seeing a savvy flea:
1) tore off by the hair
2) hugged and kissed him
3) grabbed by the scruff of the neck and threw it at his feet
8. Why did the British decide to keep Lefty?
1) for great education
2) for skillful hands
3) for being deceived by their lives
9. What interested Lefty during the trip to England?
1) hotel life
2) English faith
3) old guns
10. Why did Lefty hurry home?
1) missed my homeland
2) in a hurry to bring the unraveled secret
3) in a hurry to get a reward
11. How did they treat the sick Lefty in Russia?
1) was brought to the hospital and left in the hallway to die
2) put on a featherbed, called the doctor
3) sent home to Tula
12. Who worried about the fate of Lefty?
2) English half-skipper
3) Emperor Alexander Pavlovich
13. With what words did Lefty die?
1) "... even though Ovechkin's coat, so is the soul of a man"
2) "Where is our Russia?"
3) "... the British do not clean their guns with bricks ..."
14. Why does the narrator distort some words (play on words)?
1) on purpose, for comic effect
2) because he wants to appear smarter
3) speaks as he understands, because illiterate
15. Specify the details of the portrait of Lefty:
1) a birthmark on the cheek
2) at the temples, the hair was torn out during teaching
3) limps on the left leg
16. What is the main idea (idea) of the tale?
1) pride in the talent and patriotism of the Russian people
2) exposure of the cruelty and indifference of the Russian tsars
Part 2. Answer the question in writing (one of your choice):
1. What curiosity and for how much did Emperor Alexander Pavlovich buy from the British?
2. "He," he says, "even though he has an Ovechkin coat, has a human soul." What kind of soul is hidden behind Lefty's unattractive appearance?
3. Who, in your opinion, is to blame for the terrible fate of Lefty?
4. What impression did N.S. Leskov?
5. About what people generally say: "Lefty!" ?
Sections: Literature
M.Yu.Lermontov
A Hero of Our Time is the first psychological novel in Russian literature. The complexity of the composition. Age of M.Yu. Lermontov in the novel. Pechorin as a representative of the “portrait of a generation”.
Homework for the lesson.
- Reading the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”.
- Analysis of the composition of the work.
a) Who tells the story of Pechorin?
- The degree of familiarity between the narrator and the character.
- His social status.
- Intellectual and cultural level.
- Moral qualities.
b) Analyze the plot of the novel.
c) Restore the chronological sequence of events in the novel (plot).
3. Individual task for linguists.
a) Reflection - the lexical meaning of the word.
b) A. I. Herzen, V. G. Belinsky - historical and biographical commentary.
Individual task: a story about the plot of the novel according to V. Nabokov.
The Hero of Our Time... is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation.
M.Yu.Lermontov.
Russian society got acquainted with the “long chain of stories” by M.Yu. Lermontov under the general title “A Hero of Our Time” in 1839-1840. From March to February, the essay was published in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. In 1840, A Hero of Our Time was published as a separate book.
The time has come for us to get acquainted with this work, to form our own idea of it, to formulate (define) our own (personal) attitude towards its heroes.
Student responses.
You are not alone in assessing the work and its hero. The appearance of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov immediately caused a sharp controversy in society.
- Nicholas I found the novel "disgusting", showing the "great depravity of the author."
- Protective criticism fell upon Lermontov's novel, seeing in it a slander on Russian reality. Professor S.P. Shevyrev sought to prove that Pechorin was nothing more than an imitation of Western models, that he had no roots in Russian life.
- Earlier than others, V.G. Belinsky, who noted in it the “richness of content”, “deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society”.
- But what about the author? To the second edition of “A Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov writes the "Foreword", in which he insisted that "The Hero of Our Time, my gracious sovereigns, is like a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development." That is why these words are taken out as the epigraph of our lesson.
- What kind of generation is this, to which both M. Yu. Lermontov himself and his hero belong?
Says Doctor of Philology, Professor Panchenko (Appendix 2).
Let's dwell on this topic in more detail. To talk about the century of M.Yu. Lermontov, you need to know a certain vocabulary. Follow my thought, based on the words written on the board on the right.
The worldview of M. Yu. Lermontov took shape in the late 20s and early 30s of the 19th century, in the era of the ideological crisis of the advanced noble intelligentsia, associated with the defeat of the December uprising and the Nikolaev reaction in all spheres of public life.
Nicholas I - the tamer of revolutions, the gendarme of Europe, the jailer of the Decembrists, etc., from the point of view of "communist" historiography. A.S. Pushkin, whose relationship with the emperor was complex and ambiguous, noted the undoubted merits and Petrine scale of his personality. “With the greatest respect” spoke about Nicholas I F.M. Dostoevsky, who, as is known, ended up in hard labor at his will. Contradictory personality assessments. The fact is that Nicholas I rejected any revolution as an idea, as a principle, as a method of transforming reality. The uprising of the Decembrists is not only noble motives to destroy "various injustices and humiliations", but a violation of the officer's oath, an attempt to forcibly change the political system, criminal bloodshed. And as a reaction - a tough political regime established by the emperor.
An ideological crisis is a crisis of ideas. The ideas, ideals, goals and meaning of life of the Pushkin generation - everything was destroyed. These are difficult times, later they will be called the era of timelessness. In such years, they talk about lack of spirituality, about the fall of morality. Maybe you and I have experienced or are experiencing such times associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union ... But let's go back to the 30s of the nineteenth century.
The need to master the "mistakes of the fathers", to rethink what seemed immutable to the previous generation, to develop one's own moral and philosophical position is a characteristic feature of the era of the 1920s and 1930s.
Practical action turned out to be impossible due to both objective (tough policy of the autocracy) and subjective reasons: before acting, it was necessary to overcome the ideological crisis, the era of doubt and skepticism; clearly define for what and how act. That is why in the 1930s the philosophical search for its best representatives acquired exceptional significance for society. This was extremely difficult to do. It was something else that triumphed. Everywhere, as far as the eye could see, slowly flowed, in the words of Herzen, “the deep and dirty river of civilized Russia, with its aristocrats, bureaucrats, officers, gendarmes, grand dukes and the emperor - a shapeless and mute mass of meanness, servility, cruelty and envy, captivating and absorbing everything."
Man and destiny, man and his purpose, the purpose and meaning of human life, its possibilities and reality, free will and necessity - all these questions received a figurative embodiment in the novel.
The problem of personality is central in the novel: "The history of the human soul ... is almost more curious and more useful than the history of a whole people." And this is the statement of M.Yu. Lermontov could become an epigraph to our lesson.
It was no accident that Pechorin established himself in the eyes of the generation of the 1930s as a typical character of the post-Decembrist era. And by his fate, by his sufferings and doubts, and by the whole warehouse of his inner world, he really belongs to that time. Not understanding this means not understanding anything. Not in the hero, not in the novel itself.
To understand is, in fact, the goal of our lesson.
Let's turn to composition.
I. - Who tells the story of Pechorin?
Student responses.
- Maxim Maksimych is a staff captain, a man of the people, he has been serving in the Caucasus for a long time, he has seen a lot in his lifetime. A kind person, but limited. He spent a lot of time with Pechorin, but he never figured out the “oddities” of his aristocratic colleague, a person from a social circle too far from him.
- Wandering officer (officer-narrator). Able to understand Pechorin deeper, closer to him in terms of his intellectual and cultural level than Maxim Maksimych. However, he can judge him only on the basis of what he heard from the kind, but limited Maxim Maksimych. Pechorin "... saw ... only once ... in my life on the high road." Subsequently, having familiarized himself with Pechorin's diary that fell into his hands, the narrator will express his opinion about the hero, but it is neither exhaustive nor unambiguous.
- And finally, the narrative entirely passes into the hands of the hero himself, a sincere man, “who so mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices”; a man of mature mind and not conceited.
II. - How Lermontov builds the plot of the work?
Student responses(an entry on the board of the plot and plot of the work is done before the lesson by two students).
Can this collection of short stories be called a novel? Why does Pushkin " Tale Belkin? Why does Gogol collection of short stories"Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka"?
- Why Lermontov is in no hurry to call his offspring a novel, denoting it in very different ways: like “notes”, “compositions”, “a long chain of stories”? Let's remember this question.
III. - Restore the chronological order of events.
Student responses. Correction of the writing of the plot of the novel, made before the lesson.
Chronology of events underlying the work, according to V. Nabokov.
"Taman": around 1830 - Pechorin is sent from St. Petersburg to the active detachment and stops in Taman;
"Princess Mary": May 10 - June 17, 1832; Pechorin comes from the active detachment to the waters in Pyatigorsk and then to Kislovodsk; after a duel with Grushnitsky, he was transferred to the fortress under the command of Maxim Maksimych;
"Fatalist": December 1832 - Pechorin arrives for two weeks from the fortress of Maxim Maksimych to the Cossack village;
"Bela": spring 1833 - Pechorin kidnaps the daughter of the "Mirnov Prince", and four months later she dies at the hands of Kazbich;
"Maxim Maksimych": autumn 1837 - Pechorin, going to Persia, again finds himself in the Caucasus and meets with Maxim Maksimych.
Let us restore the picture made by M. Yu. Lermontov of “chronological shifts”. It looks like this: the novel begins in the middle of events and is brought sequentially to the end of the hero's life. Then the events in the novel unfold from the beginning of the depicted chain of events to its middle.
- Why does Lermontov violate the chronology of events?
Here are three issues that require immediate resolution.
Student responses.
Teacher's conclusions (depending on the completeness of the students' answers).
All this is true, but not the whole truth. Lermontov created a completely new novel - new in form and content: a psychological novel.
Psychologism is a fairly complete, detailed and deep depiction of the feelings, thoughts and experiences of a literary character with the help of specific means of fiction.
The plot of the composition becomes “the history of the human soul”.
Lermontov lets us first hear about the hero, then look at him, and finally reveals his diary to us.
The change of narrators is aimed at making the analysis of the inner world deeper and more comprehensive.
- Kind, but limited Maksim Maksimych.
- Narrator officer.
- “Observations of a mature mind over itself.”
V.G. Belinsky argued that the novel “despite its episodic fragmentation, “cannot be read out of the order in which the author himself placed it: otherwise you will read two excellent stories and several excellent short stories, but you will not know the novel.”
M. Yu. Lermontov felt the novelty of his work, which united such genres as a travel essay, short story, secular story, Caucasian short story, and had every reason for this. It was the first psychological novel in Russian literature.
In the novel A Hero of Our Time, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov touches on the same problems that are often heard in his lyrics: why can't smart and energetic people find a place in life, why do they "age in inaction"? The novel consists of five parts: "Bela", "Maxim Maksimych", "Taman", "Princess Mary", "Fatalist". Each of them is an independent work and at the same time is part of the novel. The central place in all the stories is occupied by the image of a young officer Pechorin. It is no coincidence that the action of the novel takes place in the Caucasus, where at that time people were exiled who were critical of the autocracy. As you know, Pushkin and Lermontov were exiled there. Pechorin belongs to this category of people.
Revealing the complex and controversial nature of Pechorin, the author shows us him in different life situations, in a collision with people of different social strata and nationalities: with smugglers, with highlanders, with a young aristocratic girl, with representatives of noble youth and other characters. Before us appears the image of a lonely, disappointed person who is at enmity with secular society, although he himself is part of it.
In Lermontov's poems, the image of such a person is drawn in romantic tones; the poet did not disclose in his lyrics the reasons for the appearance of such a hero. And in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" Lermontov portrays Pechorin realistically. The writer is trying to show how a person's character is influenced by the environment in which he lives. Pechorin has a lot in common with Eugene Onegin from the novel of the same name in Pushkin's verse. However, Pechorin lives in a different time, he is a man of the thirties of the XIX century, and this man's disappointment in the society around him is stronger than that of Onegin.
Pechorin was born and raised in an aristocratic family. Nature endowed him with a sharp mind, a responsive heart and a strong will. But the best qualities of this person were not needed by society. “My best feelings, fearing ridicule,” says Pechorin, “I buried in the depths of my heart.” He fell in love and was loved; took up science, but soon realized that it does not give fame and happiness. And when he realized that in society there is neither disinterested love, nor friendship, nor fair humane relations between people, he became bored.
Pechorin is looking for thrills, adventures. Mind and will help him overcome obstacles, but he realizes that his life is empty. And this increases in him a feeling of longing and disappointment. Pechorin is well versed in the psychology of people, therefore he easily wins the attention of women, but this does not bring him a feeling of happiness. He, like Onegin, “is not created for the bliss of family life. He cannot and does not want to live like the people of his circle.
In the story of Princess Mary, whom Pechorin fell in love with, subjugated to his will, he appears both as a “cruel tormentor” and as a deeply suffering person. Exhausted Mary arouses in him a feeling of compassion. “It became unbearable,” he recalls, “another minute, and I would have fallen at her feet.”
Lermontov created a true image of his young contemporary, which reflected the features of a whole generation. In the preface to the novel, he wrote that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our generation, in their full development.”
The title of the novel contains the writer's irony over his generation and over the time in which it lives. Pechorin, of course, is not a hero in the literal sense of the word. His work cannot be called heroic. A person who could benefit people is wasting his energy on empty pursuits.
The author does not seek to condemn Pechorin, nor to make him better than he is. It should be noted that M. Yu. Lermontov with great skill revealed the psychology of his hero. Critic N. G. Chernyshevsky noted that “Lermontov was interested in the psychological process itself, its form, its laws, the dialectics of the soul ...” He highly appreciated the role of Lermontov in the development of the socio-psychological novel and L. N. Tolstoy.
In the novel A Hero of Our Time, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov touches on the same problems that are often heard in his lyrics: why can't smart and energetic people find a place in life, why do they "age in inaction"? The novel consists of five parts: "Bela", "Maxim Maksimych", "Taman", "Princess Mary", "Fatalist". Each of them is an independent work and at the same time is part of the novel. The central place in all the stories is occupied by the image of a young officer Pechorin. It is no coincidence that the action of the novel takes place in the Caucasus, where at that time people were exiled who were critical of the autocracy. As you know, Pushkin and Lermontov were exiled there. Pechorin belongs to this category of people.
Revealing the complex and controversial nature of Pechorin, the author shows us him in different life situations, in a collision with people of different social strata and nationalities: with smugglers, with highlanders, with a young aristocratic girl, with representatives of noble youth and other characters. Before us appears the image of a lonely, disappointed person who is at enmity with secular society, although he himself is part of it.
In Lermontov's poems, the image of such a person is drawn in romantic tones; the poet did not disclose in his lyrics the reasons for the appearance of such a hero. And in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" Lermontov portrays Pechorin realistically. The writer is trying to show how a person's character is influenced by the environment in which he lives. Pechorin has a lot in common with Eugene Onegin from the novel of the same name in Pushkin's verse. However, Pechorin lives in a different time, he is a man of the thirties of the XIX century, and this man's disappointment in the society around him is stronger than that of Onegin.
Pechorin was born and raised in an aristocratic family. Nature endowed him with a sharp mind, a responsive heart and a strong will. But the best qualities of this person were not needed by society. “My best feelings, fearing ridicule,” says Pechorin, “I buried in the depths of my heart.” He fell in love and was loved; took up science, but soon realized that it does not give fame and happiness. And when he realized that in society there is neither disinterested love, nor friendship, nor fair humane relations between people, he became bored.
Pechorin is looking for thrills, adventures. Mind and will help him overcome obstacles, but he realizes that his life is empty. And this increases in him a feeling of longing and disappointment. Pechorin is well versed in the psychology of people, therefore he easily wins the attention of women, but this does not bring him a feeling of happiness. He, like Onegin, “is not created for the bliss of family life. He cannot and does not want to live like the people of his circle.
In the story of Princess Mary, whom Pechorin fell in love with, subjugated to his will, he appears both as a “cruel tormentor” and as a deeply suffering person. Exhausted Mary arouses in him a feeling of compassion. “It became unbearable,” he recalls, “another minute, and I would have fallen at her feet.”
Lermontov created a true image of his young contemporary, which reflected the features of a whole generation. In the preface to the novel, he wrote that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our generation, in their full development.”
The title of the novel contains the writer's irony over his generation and over the time in which it lives. Pechorin, of course, is not a hero in the literal sense of the word. His work cannot be called heroic. A person who could benefit people is wasting his energy on empty pursuits.
The author does not seek to condemn Pechorin, nor to make him better than he is. It should be noted that M. Yu. Lermontov with great skill revealed the psychology of his hero. Critic N. G. Chernyshevsky noted that “Lermontov was interested in the psychological process itself, its form, its laws, the dialectics of the soul ...” He highly appreciated the role of Lermontov in the development of the socio-psychological novel and L. N. Tolstoy.
