The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation of the characters. The surname of the landowner Manilov is formed from the verb "beckon".
The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a person is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: “Temple of Solitary Reflection”. This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly fantasize about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov.
In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this. Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” To the next one. you won’t say anything, but in the third you will say: “The devil knows what it is!” – and move away!..”. This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot. The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as “Manilovism”, which means the unnaturalness of a person. Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance.
By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with “animal” surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other “merits” of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her “wealth”, but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.
The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be screaming: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money. From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most “dead souls” of the poem.
There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs. The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a “historical” person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor."
Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim. According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once “a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing.” The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers.
Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all kinds of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers. What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... sometimes he returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that his sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.
And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: “a hole in humanity”. This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.
All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a “dead soul”, but always remain “alive”.
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Show skill N.V. Gogol in the description of the characters of the landlords in the poem "Dead Souls".
Decor:
- Portraits of Chichikov and landowners.
- The text of the poem "Dead Souls".
- Presentation “Images of landowners in the poem by N.V. Gogol's Dead Souls. (Annex 1)
- Fragments of the video film "Dead Souls". (DVD series “Russian Classics”)
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizing moment (greeting).
The message of the topic of the lesson, goal setting.
II. Introduction by the teacher.
In the poem Dead Souls, images of landlords, these “masters of life”, who are responsible for its economic and cultural state, for the fate of the people, are drawn close-up.
What are they, the masters of life? A plan is proposed to analyze the images of the landlords. slide 2
III. Analysis of the image of Manilov.
Which of the landowners does Chichikov visit first? slide 3
When does the first meeting between Chichikov and Manilov take place? View V ideofragment “Chichikov at Manilov”
Task: using the plan-reminder, tell about Manilov. Performance of the 1st group of students.
What detail in the description of the hero is predominant?
What is hidden behind Manilov's smile? How does the author characterize the hero? ?
A pleasant Manilov smile for everyone is a sign of deep indifference to everything around; such people are not capable of experiencing anger, sorrow, joy.
With the help of what details does Gogol give a comic coloring to the images of his characters?
An integral part of Gogol's portrait drawing are poses, clothes, movements, gestures, facial expressions. With their help, the writer enhances the comic coloring of the images, reveals the true essence of the hero. Manilov's gestures testify to mental impotence, the inability to comprehend what goes beyond the limits of his miserable little world.
What is the distinguishing feature of Manilov?
His main psychological trait is the desire to please everyone and always.
Manilov is a calm observer of everything that happens; bribe-takers, thieves, embezzlers of public funds - all the most respectable people for him. Manilov is an indefinite person, there are no living human desires in him. This is a dead soul, a “so-so, neither this nor that” person.
Conclusion. slide 4
Instead of a real feeling, Manilov has a “pleasant smile”, sugary courtesy and a sensitive phrase; instead of thought - some kind of incoherent, stupid reflections, instead of activity - either empty dreams, or such results of "labor", as "hills of ash knocked out of a pipe, placed not without diligence in very beautiful rows."
IV. Analysis of the image of the Box.
Give a brief summary of Chapter 3.
What can you learn about Korobochka's main character trait from a direct author's description?
Gogol does not hide the irony regarding her mental abilities: she thought, opened her mouth, looked almost with fear. “Well, the woman seems to be strong-browed!”
The essence of Korobochka's character is especially visible through the dialogic speech of the characters. The dialogue between Korobochka and Chichikov is a masterpiece of comedy art. This conversation can be called a dialogue of the deaf.
Watching the video fragment “Dialogue between Korobochka and Chichikov”
What character traits of Korobochka came to light in the bargaining scene?
She was not embarrassed by the trade in dead souls, she is ready to trade in the dead, only she is afraid to sell too cheap. It is characterized by tedious slowness and caution. She went to the city to find out how much "dead souls" are being sold these days.
What is the position of the peasants near Korobochka?
The village is a source of honey, bacon, hemp, which Korobochka sells. She also trades with peasants.
Draw a conclusion about the meaning of housekeeping Boxes .
It turns out that landlord thrift can have the same vile, inhuman meaning as mismanagement.
What made the Box like this?
Traditions in the conditions of patriarchal life suppressed Korobochka's personality, stopped her intellectual development at a very low level; all aspects of life not connected with hoarding remained inaccessible to her.
Task: using the plan-reminder, tell about the Box. Performance of the 2nd group of students
Conclusion : slide 6
The "Cudgel-Headed" Box is the embodiment of those traditions that have developed among provincial small landowners who are engaged in subsistence farming.
She is a representative of the outgoing, dying Russia, and there is no life in her, since she is turned not to the future, but to the past.
V. Analysis of Nozdryov's image.
It consists of separate fragments that tell about the habits of the hero, episodes from his life, manners and behavior in society. Each of these sketches is a concise story that reveals one or another trait of his character: drunken revelry, a passion for changing everything, an addiction to playing cards, empty vulgar talk, sheer lies.
How is Nozdryov's desire to lie revealed?
Turkish daggers are shown in Nozdryov's office, one of which was carved: master Savely Sibiryakov.
What is the character's speech ?
Swearing speech: fetyuk, piggy, scoundrel, rubbish. And this reveals not only a personal, but also a social trait. He is sure that he is allowed to offend and deceive with impunity - after all, he is a landowner, a nobleman, the master of life.
What are the life goals of Nozdrev ?
Profit is not dear to Nozdryov: this tavern hero is in no way suitable for the role of an acquirer. He is possessed by a thirst for pleasures - those that are available to his dirty soul. And Nozdryov harms his neighbor with pleasure, without any malicious intentions, even good-naturedly, since his neighbor is only a means or source of pleasure for him. Pleasure denied or it did not take place: “fetyuk”, “scoundrel”, “rubbish”
Assignment: using the plan-memo, tell about Nozdryov Presentation of the 3rd group of students
Conclusion. Slide 8
In general, Nozdryov is an unpleasant person, since he completely lacks the concepts of honor, conscience, and human dignity.
Nozdryov's energy turned into a scandalous fuss, aimless and destructive.
VI. Analysis of Sobakevich's image.
What details-things does Gogol use when characterizing Sobakevich ?
Description of the manor house: “…a wooden house with a mezzanine was seen…”…In a word, everything he looked at was stubbornly, without shaking, in some kind of strong and clumsy order.
The Greek heroes in the pictures in his living room were sturdy, with thick sunbeds unheard of mustache.
Is there a difference in the characterization of Sobakevich in the 1st and 5th chapters?
In the 1st chapter, Sobakevich is characterized as a person "clumsy in appearance." This quality is emphasized and deepened in chapter 5: he is like "a medium-sized bear." The author persistently plays with the word “bear”: a bear-colored tailcoat, his name was Mikhail Semyonovich.
What strikes in the portrait of Sobakevich?
In the portrait, first of all, the complexion is striking: “..stone, hot, which happens on a copper penny”;
“It is known that there are many such persons in the world, over the decoration of which nature did not think long, did not use any small tools, such as files, a gimlet and other things, but simply chopped from the whole shoulder: she grabbed with an ax once - her nose came out, she had enough in the other - her lips came out, she poked her eyes with a large drill ... "
“Chichikov glanced sideways at him once more as they passed into the dining room: a bear! Perfect bear!”
Why is Chichikov careful in his conversation with Sobakevich: he did not call the souls dead, but only non-existent?
Sobakevich immediately “felt” that the proposed deal was a scam. But he didn't even blink.
“Do you need dead souls? Sobakevich asked very simply, without the slightest surprise, as if they were talking about bread.
Assignment: using the memo plan, tell about SobakevichSpeech of the 4th group of students
Chichikov is right when he thinks that Sobakevich would have remained a kulak even in St. Petersburg, although he was brought up in fashion. Yes, it would have turned out even worse: “if he tried a little the tops of some science, he would let you know later, taking a more visible place. To all those who actually learned some kind of science.
Sobakevich, like Korobochka, is smart and practical in a businesslike way: they do not ruin the peasants, because it is unprofitable for them. They know that in this world everything is bought and sold.
VII. Analysis of the image of Plushkin.
The theme of moral decline, the spiritual death of the "masters of life" ends with a chapter dedicated to Plyushkin.
Plyushkin is the last portrait in the gallery of landowners. Before us is the complete collapse of the human in man.
How and why a hard-working owner turned into a “hole in humanity” ?
Why does the chapter on Plyushkin begin with a digression about youth?
Why Gogol details the story of Plyushkin's life ?
Gogol refers to the past of the hero, since the moral ugliness is the same as that of other landlords: soul ownership, which gives rise to soullessness, loss of ideas about the meaning of life, about moral duty, about responsibility for everything that happens around. The tragedy of Plyushkin is that he lost touch with people. He sees in everyone, even in his own children and grandchildren, enemies who are ready to plunder good.
The image of Plyushkin is the embodiment of extreme dilapidation and moldiness, and in the description of objects associated with him, Gogol reflected these qualities.
Find in the text the artistic means by which the author reveals the essence of the image of Plyushkin .
Dilapidation on all the buildings, the log on the huts was dark and old, the roofs pierced through like a sieve, the fence was broken ...
Assignment: using the memo plan, tell about Plyushkin. Performance of the 5th group of students
Conclusion. slide 12
Mold, dust, rot, death just wafts from the Plyushkin estate. Other details also chill the heart: the old man did not give a penny to either his daughter or his son.
So, for what purpose is the image of Plyushkin displayed in the poem ?
Consistently, from hero to hero, Gogol exposes the worthless life of the landowners.
The images of the landlords are given in proportion to their spiritual impoverishment and moral decline.
It is shown how the disintegration of the human personality gradually took place.
Once Plyushkin was only a thrifty owner. The thirst for enrichment turned him into a miser, isolated him from society.
In his image, one of the varieties of spiritual death is revealed. Plyushkin's image is typical.
Gogol exclaimed bitterly: “And a person could descend to such insignificance, pettiness, vileness! Could have changed! And does it look like it's true? Everything looks like the truth, everything can happen to a person.
VIII. Similarities between Chichikov and the landowners.
The landowner, his distinguishing feature |
How does this trait manifest itself in Chichikov |
| Manilov - sweetness, cloying, uncertainty | All residents of the city recognized Chichikov as a pleasant man in every way. |
| Box - petty stinginess | Everything in the box is laid out with the same diligent pedantry as in Nastasya Petrovna's chest of drawers. |
| Nozdryov - narcissism | Desire and ability to please everyone |
| Sobakevich - rude stinginess and cynicism | No “…no straightforwardness, no sincerity! Perfect Sobakevich” |
| Plushkin - collecting unnecessary things and storing them carefully | During the inspection of the city, he tore off the poster, read it, folded it and put it in a chest |
The character of Chichikov is multifaceted, the hero turns out to be a mirror of the landowner he meets, because he has the same qualities that form the basis of the characters of the landowners.
IX. Crossword . Slides 15 to 24
X. Summing up.
XI. Homework.
1. Fill in the table according to the plan:
- brief description of the landowner;
- description of the estate of the landowner;
- description of a joint meal;
- how the landowners react to Chichikov's proposal;
- further actions of the landowners.
2. Write an essay - a miniature “Why did Chichikov visit the landowners in such a sequence?”
1. The most interesting place in the poem is the chapters devoted to the five landowners.
2. The image of Manilov.
3. Image of the Box.
4. The image of Sobakevich.
5. The image of Nozdryov!
6. The image of Plushkin.
7. The role of the images of landowners in the novel.
The most interesting place in I. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is the chapters devoted to five landowners: Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin. It is easy to see that the chapters are arranged in a special sequence: from the least to the greatest degree of degradation of the characters.
The surname of the landowner Manilov is derived from the verb "beckon". The main features of this character are dreaminess, sentimentality and laziness. Gogol characterizes his hero as follows: "...a man is so-so, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan." Manilov's house is located on the Jura, which is blown by all the winds, which speaks of his frivolity and inability to think realistically. The landowner is very fond of indulging in his dreams in the gazebo, on which the inscription flaunts: "Temple of solitary reflection." This is the only secluded place for Manilov, where he can calmly fantasize about some completely unrealistic projects. But, as it seems to him, digging an underground passage from the house or building a stone bridge across the pond are quite normal ideas. Housekeeping is not part of Manilov. In his estate, everything goes awry, and the hero does not even care about this.
Gogol says that Manilov's hospitality and good looks are too cloying: “In the first minute of a conversation with him, you cannot but say: “What a pleasant and kind person!” The next ... you won’t say anything, but the third you’ll say: “The devil knows what it is!” - and move away! .. ". This is manifested not only in the manners of the landowner, but also in his relationship with his wife. They lisp all the time with each other, and this amuses the author a lot.
The image of this hero has become one of the key for literature. From him came the name of such a phenomenon as "Manilovism", which means the unnaturalness of a person.
Another no less striking character in the story is the landowner Korobochka. Her surname was chosen by Gogol not by chance. By nature, the landowner is immensely economical and superstitious. The box belongs to the type of women who can cry for a crop failure, but still always save themselves a pretty penny. Her chest of drawers, besides all the nonsense, is filled with bags of money. The box is very petty, she only cares about housekeeping, in it she sees the meaning of life. Her entourage Gogol endows with "animal" surnames: Bobrov and Svinin, which once again emphasizes that the heroine is only passionate about her estate. The author highlights, among other "merits" of his character, his clubhead. Korobochka shows this quality in a situation where Chichikov is trying to negotiate with her about the sale of "dead souls". The heroine thinks that her interlocutor is going to dig up dead peasants from the graves. She is not in a hurry to sell her "wealth", but instead she tries to slip hemp and honey. Korobochka agrees to Chichikov's proposal only after he mentions the devil.
The next landowner visited by Chichikov was Sobakevich. His image was compiled by N.V. Gogol from everything big: big boots, cheesecakes “much larger than a plate”, “a turkey as tall as a calf”. Even the health of this character is heroic. Thanks to such descriptions, the author achieves a comic effect. Parodying the great feats of heroes, Gogol thereby emphasizes the true essence of Sobakevich himself, whose main qualities can be called rudeness and clumsiness. All items in the house are as bulky and clumsy as their owner: a table, chairs, a wooden bureau - everything seems to be shouting: “And I, too, Sobakevich!”. In his opinion, everyone around is liars and the last scammers. The human soul is not at all important to him, the interest for Sobakevich is only in money.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that Sobakevich is one of the most "dead souls" of the poem. There is nothing spiritual for him. Valuable for this hero are only money and things. He is only interested in "earthly" affairs.
The most striking character, in my opinion, is Nozdryov. This is the image of an inveterate reveler. The author is ironic about his character, speaking of him as a "historical" person. In relation to his hero, Gogol uses the figurative meaning of this word. Nozdryov's "historicism" lies in the fact that he always gets into some kind of story: either he gets drunk in the buffet, or he lies mercilessly about the supposedly acquired horse. Like any rake, he loves women. But the most important feature of Nozdrev's character is a great desire to "spoil one's neighbor." Not once did he commit despicable deeds. For example, he told fictitious stories, disrupted a wedding, upset a trade deal, etc. But the most outstanding thing in his character is that after all his tricks he, without a twinge of conscience, continued to consider himself a comrade of the victim.
According to tradition, in the poem, the situation in the house of each landowner corresponds to the character of his owner. So the dwelling of Nozdryov is saturated with the spirit of excitement and boasting. According to Nozdrev himself, in his possessions there was once "a fish of such size that two people could hardly pull out a thing." The walls of his choir are haphazardly filled with paint, as the peasants whitewash them. His office is filled with weapons instead of books and papers. Nozdryov likes to change one thing for another, but not because of money or some other material interest, but simply because he is fascinated by this process. Since all sorts of tricks are the main passion of the character, it is not difficult for him to cheat Chichikov, whom Nozdryov gets drunk and tries to deceive when playing checkers.
What else can be said about Nozdrev? His description will tell everything much better: “... he sometimes returned home with only one sideburn, and then quite thin. But his healthy and full cheeks were so well created and contained so much plant power that the sideburns soon grew again, even better than before.
And the final image in the gallery of Russian "dead souls" is a landowner named Plyushkin. As you know, in the poem all the surnames are speaking. Only "Plyushkin" is given in a figurative sense. It looks more like not a rich bun, but a completely dried-up cracker. The image of the landowner Plyushkin is very sloppy. Gogol mentions his double chin, which has to be constantly covered, as well as a greasy dressing gown, which causes nothing but disgust in the reader. The author gives his hero a very capacious definition: "a hole in humanity." This character is a symbol of decadent mood and decay of all living things. And again the house speaks for its owner: the bread in the pantries is rotting, the gates and the fence are covered with mold, and the roofs in the huts are completely leaky. Gogol adds a brief story about the fate of his hero, whose wife first died, and after that his daughter fled with the headquarters captain. These events were for Plyushkin the last moments of real life. After that time for the hero stopped.
All images of N. V. Gogol are very bright and unique in their own way. But there is one main idea that unites them. The author, showing illustrative examples of the degradation of mankind, urges readers not to become a "dead soul", but always remain "alive".
The very work that shocked the whole country, as Herzen would later say. Gogol reveals the images of the landowners in the poem Dead Souls, presenting us their portraits, drawing their characters, speaking in their words, showing their thoughts and actions.
Images of landlords briefly
In order to show us the inhumanity of the feudal lords - the nobles of that Russia, Gogol in Dead Souls creates images of landowners. We get to know them gradually, traveling with the hero Chichikov, who planned to buy up all the dead souls of serfs. In the created images, the landowners of the past, which the author describes, recognized themselves. Someone saw Manilov in himself, someone saw Korobochka, and someone noticed a resemblance to other characters. Let's take a closer look at the portrait characteristics of the heroes of the poem by analyzing their images in Dead Souls and writing our essay. Since in the lesson we examined in detail the work of Dead Souls, it will be easy to characterize the images. Let's start with the first hero - Manilov.
When Chichikov conceived his plan to buy up dead souls, he went to the county town in order to realize his plan. Here he pays visits to local landowners. The first on his way comes across Manilov. At first glance, this is a kind, caring and correct person. But this is just a first impression, but in reality everything is different. Only in words he is good, in fact he does not care for either relatives or serfs. Courtesy and integrity are feigned and he does it in order to find his place in the sun. All his pleasantness is nothing more than a mask behind which emptiness hides. All pretentiousness is revealed not only in the image of the hero, but also in the fallen arbor, which he calls the temple of solitude and reflection. The whole estate is abandoned, the peasants live in poverty, and their owner, lying on the sofa, now and then dreams of how he will build a bridge across the pond.
Then Chichikov meets Korobochka. Already by her last name, we can see that this is a narrow-minded woman. As the author will call her clubhead. By nature, this landowner is a hoarder, because she saves and saves every now and then. Accumulation is her passion, so she is completely mired in it, as in petty vital interests. She is not interested in what is outside, the main thing is not to sell too cheap and not to be deceived. So she does not agree to sell dead souls, in case they are still useful to her, or some other merchant will offer a better price. Its limitations and narrowness of interests are obvious.
Following our hero Chichikov, we get to the next landowner. And here, in the image of Nozdrev's brother, we see a wasteful person, a player who lies without a twinge of conscience. This is a person who will cheat on cards without any problems, change for anything and lose everything. A person who lives aimlessly, squandering his fortune senselessly. The disorder of his nature is read not only in the image of the hero, but also in his household.
Further, the author introduces us to the image of Sobakevich in his work. Analyzing the hero, we see in Sobakevich a hoarder, whose economy is well-equipped, and everything else is solid. But he himself, like a bear, is rude and uncouth. He does not trust anyone, holding the opinion that in the world a swindler is a swindler. Selling souls, he also praises them, because he wants to sell goods at a higher price. This is a man whose main feature was profit. And there were a lot of those. This passion disfigured the soul and trampled on the morality of man. The author wrote that, a man who did not have a soul, and if he did, but not where it should.
The image of the landowner Plyushkin in the poem is the last final image that the author creates. And here we see the complete degradation of a man who has been brought to the extreme by his stinginess. This hero pulls everything into the house. Lives like a beggar while full of supplies and savings. As a master, and as a father, he degraded. The peasants are dying, many are on the run, he has no human and paternal feelings, the economy itself is in disrepair, and he saves and saves.
The main characters of the poem "Dead Souls" personify the society of past centuries.
"Dead Souls" main characters
The figurative system of the poem is built in accordance with three main plot and compositional links: landlord, bureaucratic Russia and the image of Chichikov.
The main character of "Dead Souls" Chichikov. This is a former official (retired collegiate adviser), and now a schemer: he is engaged in buying up the so-called "dead souls" (written information about the peasants who have died since the last revision) to mortgage them as if they were alive, in order to take a loan from a bank and gain weight in society. He dresses smartly, looks after himself and, after a long and dusty Russian road, manages to look as if only from a tailor and a barber. His name has become a household name for people - crafty careerists, sycophants, money-grubbers, outwardly "pretty", "decent and worthy"
Manilov A pleasant but boring and lazy middle-aged man. Little takes care of his estate. There are 200 peasant huts in his village. The peasants of Manilov are lazy, like the owner himself. Manilov likes to sit in his office and dream all day, smoking a pipe. A romantic and sensitive man who loves his family.
box- old widow She is a good housewife, thrifty and thrifty, a stupid and suspicious old woman. There are only 80 souls in her village. The peasants of Korobochka are working properly, and the economy is well established. Huts and buildings in the estate Boxes are whole and strong. Korobochka sells goods produced by her peasants. This is “one of those mothers, small landowners who cry for crop failures, losses and keep their heads somewhat to one side, and meanwhile they are gaining a little money in motley bags placed in drawers of chests of drawers.” The watercolor portrait of Korobochka represents a good-natured old woman of small stature, in a cap and bonnet, in funny knitted shoes. The round, soft figure of Nastasya Petrovna, with some kind of rag tied around her neck, surprisingly resembles a tightly stuffed sack or bag - an important attribute of a homely landowner.
Nozdryov— A young widower, 35 years old. Lively, cheerful and noisy. Likes to have fun and drink. Cannot stay at home for more than one day. Little is engaged in his estate and peasants. Does not take care of his two children. Keeps a whole pack of dogs and loves them more than his children.
Sobakevich- Prosperous landowner 40-50 years old. Married. It looks like a bear. Healthy and strong. Clumsy, rude and direct. Thoroughly takes care of his estate. His peasants' huts are strong and reliable. Likes to eat well.
Plushkin- Wealthy landowner. He has about 1000 souls. He has many dead and runaway souls. Plyushkin lives like a beggar: he walks in rags and eats breadcrumbs. He doesn't throw anything away. Its peasants live in old, dilapidated houses. He overcharges and doesn't sell goods to merchants, so goods rot in storerooms.
