Proverbs in German with translation. German proverbs and sayings with translation

German proverbs reflect various areas of communication. Traditionally, everyday and interpersonal themes are widely represented, they reflect wit and resourcefulness, and express attitudes towards situations and phenomena. The imagery of the form through which the thought is expressed in proverbs adds a poetic mood to them, and the content acts as an assistant in expressing the thought.

The most common German proverbs and sayings with translation into Russian are presented on our portal. They will help you expand your vocabulary and improve your knowledge.

• German proverbs starting with the letter A
• Allen Leuten recht getan ist eine Kunst, die niemand kann
  Literal translation: To please all people is an art that no one can do.
  Russian analogue: There are no comrades for taste and color.
• Alle Gewässer fließen ins Meer.
  Literal translation: All waters flow into the sea.
  Russian analogue: All roads lead to Rome.
• Aller Anfang ist schwer.
  Literal translation: Every beginning is hard.
  Russian analogues: The first pancake is lumpy. Down and Out trouble started.
• Aller guten Dinge sind drei.
  Russian analogue: God loves trinity.
• Alte Füchse gehen schwer in die Falle.
  Alte Wachteln sind bös zu fangen.
  Russian analogue: An old bird is not caught with chaff.
• Alte Liebe rostet nicht.
  Literal translation: Old love doesn't rust.
  Russian analogue: An old friend is better than two new ones.
• Alter ist ein schweres Malter.
  Russian analogue: Old age is not joy.
• Alter macht zwar immer weiss, aber nicht immer weise.
  Alter schützt vor Torheit nicht.
  Russian analogue: Gray hair in a beard, demon in a rib.
• Andrer Leute Kühe haben immer größre Euter.
  Auf des Nachbars Feld steht das Korn besser.
  Russian analogue: In the wrong hands, the chunk is great. In someone else's garden, the grass is always greener.
• Armut schändet nicht.
  Armut ist keine Schande.
  Russian analogue: Poverty is not a vice.
• Auch unser Weizen wird einmal blühen.
  Russian analogue: Every dog ​​has his day.
• Auch ein blindes Huhn findet mal ein Korn.
  Literal translation: Even a blind hen sometimes finds a seed.
  Russian analogue: What the hell is not joking or And there is a hole in the old woman
• German proverbs starting with the letter B
• Bei Gott ist kein Ding unmöglich.
  Russian analogue: What the hell is not joking while God sleeps.
• Besser space als nie.
  Better late than never.
• German proverbs starting with the letter D
• Da liegt der Hund begraben!
  Literal translation: That's where the dog is buried!
  Russian analogue: So that's where the dog is buried!
• Die Zeit ist der beste Arzt.
  Literal translation: Time is the best healer.
  Russian analogue: Time cures.
• Dem Mutigen gehort die Welt.
  Frisch gewagt ist halb gewonnen.
  Russian analogue: Cheek brings success.
• Dem Glucklicher schlägt keine Stunde.
  Russian analogue: Happy hours are not observed.
• Den Brunnen schätzt man erst dann, wenn er kein Wasser mehr gibt.
  Russian analogue: Until the thunder breaks out, the peasant will not cross himself.
• Den Kopf halt kühl, die Füße warm, das macht den besten Doktor arm.
  Russian analogue: Keep your head cold, stomach hungry, feet warm.
• Den Vogel erkennt man an den Federn.
  Am Trillern erkennt man die Lerche.
  Russian analogue: The bird is visible in flight.
• Der Appetit kommt beim Essen.
  Russian analogue: Appetite comes with eating.
• Der Ertrinkende greift nach einem Strohhalm.
  Russian analogue: Drowning and clutching at straws.
• Der Mensch denkt, Gott lenkt.
  Russian analogue: Man proposes, but God disposes.
• Der Mensch lebt nicht vom Brot allein.
  Russian analogue: Man does not live by bread alone.
• Der Säufer schläft seinen Rausch aus, der Tor aber nie.
  Russian analogue: A drunken man will oversleep, a fool never.
• Der Teufel ist nicht so schwarz, wie man ihn malt.
  Nichts wird so heiß gegessen, wie es gekocht wird.
  Russian analogue: The devil is not as scary as he is painted.
• Der kommt nimmer in den Wald, der jeden Strauch fürchtet.
  Russian analogue: To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest.
• Der Tod hat noch keinen vergessen.
  Literal translation: Death has not yet forgotten about anyone.
  Russian analogue: Two deaths cannot happen, but one cannot be avoided.
• Des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich.
  Russian analogue: Hunting is worse than captivity.
• Die Fische streben nach tieferem Grunde, der Mensch ist gern mit dem Gluck im Bunde.
  Russian analogue: The fish is looking for where it is deeper, and where the person is better.
• Die Katze lässt das Mausen nicht.
  Russian analogue: No matter how you feed the wolf, he keeps looking into the forest.
• Die Suppe, die man sich einbrockt, muss man auch auslöffeln.
  Russian analogue: He himself brewed porridge, he himself and disentangle.
• Die Wände haben Ohren.
  Russian analogue: And the walls have ears.
• German proverbs starting with the letter E
• Eigene Last ist nothing schwer.
  Russian analogue: It does not carry its own burden.
• Ein Mann, ein Wort.
  Russian analogue: Having given the word, hold on, and not having given it, be strong.
• Ein Unglück kommt selten allein.
  Russian analogue: Misfortune never comes alone.
• Ein Wolf im Schlaf fing nie ein Schaf.
  Russian analogue: Feet feed the wolf.
• 
  
  Russian analogue: Leopard change his spots.
• Ein Zwerg bleibt immer ein Zwerg, und stünd'er auf dem höchsten Berg.
  Ein Aff bleibt Aff, werd'er König oder Pfaff.
  Russian analogue: Leopard change his spots.
• Eine Krahe hackt der anderen kein Auge aus.
  Russian analogue: A raven will not peck out a crow's eye.
• Ende gut, alles gut.
  Russian analogue: All is well that ends well.
• Erst wägen, dann wagen.
  Russian analogue: Measure seven times, cut once.
• Es ist dafür gesorgt, daß die Bäume nicht in den Himmel wachsen.
  Russian analogue: The ears do not grow above the forehead.
• Es ist nicht alles Gold, was glänzt.
  Russian analogue: Not all that glitters is gold.
• Es steckt nicht im Spiegel, was man im Spiegel sieht.
  Russian analogue: There is nothing to blame on the mirror if the face is crooked.
• German proverbs starting with the letter G
• Gebranntes Kind scheut das Feuer.
  Gebrühte Katze scheut auch das kalte Wasser.
  Russian analogue: A frightened crow is afraid of a bush.
• Gesagt-getan.
  Russian analogue: No sooner said than done.
• Gewohnheit ist die andere Natur.
  Russian analogue: Habit is second nature.
• Gibt Gott Häschen, so gibt er auch Gräschen.
  Russian analogue: God gave a day, he will give food.
• Gott gibt, Gott nimmt.
  Russian analogue: God gave, God took.
• Große Schiffe machen große Fahrt.
  Russian analogue: Big ship - big voyage.
• Gut Ding will Weile.
  Russian analogue: Every vegetable has its time.
• German proverbs starting with the letter H
• Hilf dir selbst, so hilft dir Gott.
  Russian analogue: God is God, and don't be bad yourself.
  Russian analogue: Trust in God, but don't make a mistake yourself.
• Hunger ist der beste Koch.
  Russian analogue: Hunger is the best cook.
• German proverbs starting with the letter I
• In einem gesunden Körper ist ein gesunder Geist.
  Russian analogue: In a healthy body healthy mind.
• In jeder Herde findet sich ein schwarzes Schaf.
  Russian analogue: Every family has its black sheep.
• German proverbs starting with the letter J
• Jedem Tierchen sein Plasierchen.
  Russian analogue: Everyone goes crazy in their own way.
• Jedem Vogel gefällt sein Nest.
  Russian analogue: There is nothing like leather.
• Jeder ist sich selbst der Nächste.
  Russian analogue: Your shirt is closer to your body.
• Jugend hat keine Tugend.
  Russian analogue: Young-green, walk ordered.
• German proverbs starting with the letter K
• Keine Rose ohne Dornen.
  Russian analogue: There is no rose without thorns.
• Kleider Machen Leute.
  Literal translation: Clothes make people.
  Russian analogue: Meet by clothes.
• Klein aberfein.
  Russian analogue: Small, but remote.
• Kleine Kinder - kleine Sorgen, große Kinder - große Sorgen.
  Literal translation: Little children are small troubles, big children are big troubles.
  Russian analogue: Little kids are little troubles, big kids are big troubles.
• Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat.
  Literal translation: The solution will come with time.
  Russian analogue: The morning is wiser than the evening.
• German proverbs starting with the letter L
• Liebe macht blind.
  Russian analogue: Love is blind.
• Lieber eng und wohl als weit und weh.
  Russian analogue: In crowded but not mad.
• Lieber den Spatz in der Hand als die Taube auf dem Dach.
  Literal translation: Better a sparrow in the hand than a dove on the roof.
  Russian analogue: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
• Lugen haben kurze Beine.
  Literal translation: Lies have short legs.
  Russian analogue: Everything hidden becomes clear. Murder will out.
• German proverbs starting with the letter M
• Maß ist zu allen Dingen gut.
  Russian analogue: Everything is good in moderation.
• Man lernt nie aus.
  Russian analogue: Live and learn.
• Man lernt, solange man lebt.
  Literal translation: How many people live, how many learn.
  Russian analogue: Live and learn.
• Man kann den Menschen nicht ins Herz sehen.
  Russian analogue: Alien soul - darkness.
• Man kann nicht über seinen eigenen Schatten springen.
  Russian analogue: You can't jump above your head.
• Man muss den Bock nicht zum Gartner machen.
  Russian analogue: Let the goat into the garden, he will eat all the cabbage.
• Man sieht den Splitter im fremden Auge, im eignen den Balken nicht.
  Russian analogue: We see a straw in someone else's eye, but we do not notice a log in our own.
• Man soll den Tag nicht vor dem Abend loben.
  Literal translation: Do not praise the day until the evening.
  Russian analogue: Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
• Mein Name ist Hase (—ich weiß von nichts).
  Russian analogue: My hut is on the edge - I don't know anything.
• Mit altem Hunde sicherste Jagd.
  Russian analogue: The old horse will not spoil the furrow.
• Morgen, morgen, nur nicht heute, sagen alle faulen Leute.
  Literal translation: Tomorrow, tomorrow, not today, all lazy people say.
• Morgenstund'hat Gold im Mund.
  Literal translation: The early hour has gold in its mouth.
  Russian analogue: Who gets up early, God gives to him.
• German proverbs starting with the letter N
• Nach mir (uns) die Sintflut.
  Literal translation and Russian analogue: After me (us) - even a flood.
• Neue Besen kehren gut.
  Literal translation: The new broom sweeps well.
  Russian analogue: A new broom sweeps in a new way.
• Nicht sehr zu Herzen nehmen.
  Russian analogue: Take it easy.
• Norden, Süden, Osten, Westen - doch zu Hause ist's am besten.
  Russian analogue: Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
• Not macht erfinderisch.
  Armut lehrt Künste.
  Russian analogue: Need for invention is cunning.
• German proverbs starting with the letter O
• Ohne Fleiss kein Preis.
  Literal translation: There is no reward without effort.
  Russian analogue: You can't even take a fish out of the pond without effort.
• Ordnung muss sein.
  Literal translation: There must be order.
  Russian analogue: Order is above everything.
• German proverbs starting with the letter P
• Papier ist geduldig.
  Literal translation: Paper is patient.
  Russian analogue: Paper will endure everything.
• German proverbs starting with the letter R
• Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold.
  Literal translation: Speak is silver, silence is gold.
  Russian analogue: Word is silver, silence is gold.
• Rufe nicht "Hase" bis du ihn im Sacke hast.
  Literal translation: Do not shout "hare" until he is in your bag
  Russian analogue: Don't say "hop" until you jump over.
• German proverbs starting with the letter S
• Schönheit kann man nicht essen.
  Russian analogue: Do not drink water from your face.
• Schein trygt.
  Der Schein betrügt, der Spiegel lügt.
  Russian analogue: Appearances are deceptive.
• Sprichwort, Wahr Wort.
  Literal translation: A proverb is a true word.
  Russian analogue: The proverb says the truth.
• Stille Wasser sind tief.
  Russian analogue: Still waters run deep.
• Stumm wie ein Fisch.
  Russian analogue: Mute like a fish.
• German proverbs starting with the letter Ü
• Übung macht den Meister.
  Literal translation: Exercise makes the craftsman.
  Russian analogue: Repetition is the mother of learning.
• German proverbs starting with the letter V
• Verbotene Früchte sind die süßesten.
  Russian analogue: The Forbidden fruit is sweet.
• Vorsicht ist besser als Nachsicht.
  Russian analogue: God saves man, who save himself.
• German proverbs starting with the letter W
• Wahrheit bringt Haß.
  Russian analogue: The truth hurts the eyes.
• Was du heute kannst besorgen, das verschiebe nicht auf morgen.
  Literal translation: What you can work on today, do not shift to tomorrow.
  Russian analogue: Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
• Wer es nicht im Kopfe hat, hat es in den Beinen.
  Russian analogue: There is no rest from a bad head and feet.
• Wer sich an der Suppe verbrannt hat, bläst auf kalten Fisch.
  Russian analogue: Burnt in milk, they blow on the water.
• Wer wagt, gewinnt.
  Russian analogue: Risk is a noble cause.
• Wer zu feinen Faden spinnt, dem bricht er leicht.
  Russian analogue: Where it is thin, it breaks there.
• Wer zuletzt lacht, lacht am besten.
  Russian analogue: He laughs best who laughs last.
• Wer zufrieden ist, ist glücklich.
  Literal translation: Who is happy is happy.
• Wer will haben, der muss graben.
  Literal translation: Who wants to have, he must dig.
  Russian analogue: You love to ride, love to carry sleds.
• Wer Wind sat, wird Sturm ernten.
  Russian analogue: Whoever sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.
• Wes das Herz voll ist, des geht der Mundüber.
  Wo einen der Schuh drückt, davon spricht man gern.
  Russian analogue: Whoever hurts, he talks about it.
• German proverbs starting with the letter Z
• Zeit ist Geld.
  Russian analogue: Time is money.
• Zeit ist der beste Ratgeber.
  Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat.
  Russian analogue: Time is the best adviser.
• Zu einem Ohr hinein, zum andern wieder heraus.
  Russian analogue: It went in one ear and out the other.
• Zum Lernen ist niemand zu alt.
  Literal translation: It's never too late to learn.
  Russian analogue: Live and learn.
• Zu spät ist zu spät.
  Literal translation: Too late to eat too late.
  Russian analogue: Who did not have time - he was late.
• Zu viele Koche verderben den Brei.
  Literal translation: Too many cooks just spoil the porridge.
  Russian analogue: Too many cooks spoil the broth.
• Zwei Dumme, ein Gedanke.
  Literal translation: Two fools and one thought.
  Russian analogue: Fools think alike.
• Zwischen Wort und Werk liegt ein großer Berg.
  Literal translation: Between word and deed is a huge mountain.
  Russian analogue: Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
• Zwist unter Liebesleuten hat nicht viel zu bedeuten.
  Literal translation: A quarrel between loving people does not mean very much.
  Russian analogue: Darlings scold - they only amuse themselves.

The German language is no exception, and, like all modern languages, it contains such a layer of folk art as proverbs and sayings. It is the colorful and well-aimed statements that came from the people that make the speech rich and figurative. Proverbs and sayings in oral speech help people communicate and understand each other better, they have firmly settled in literary works and are often used in journalistic articles. Language researchers note the strong influence of proverbs and sayings on the communicative function of the language. It is useless to argue with the proverb, folk wisdom has proven its case over the centuries.

There are proverbs in German about almost everything that a person lives with. There are proverbs about friendship, fidelity, love, family, mind, work, honesty, character traits, life events, people's relationships. Laconic and well-aimed statements live for centuries, although sometimes their original meaning recedes into another plane, and they are perceived in a new context, modernized. The proverb "Man proposes, but God disposes" is well illustrated by the German version - Der Mensch denkt, Gott lenkt. Modern people perceive it as the presence of a real possibility of the impact of unforeseen circumstances on our lives and the implementation of our plans. While before the meaning of the proverb was interpreted as a person's dependence on God's will.

Many German proverbs are characterized by the formation of an abbreviated version, which often becomes more common than the full version. Using proverbs and sayings, you can improve certain grammatical knowledge, consolidate oral speech skills, and get to know the culture of the country better.

Specialists are engaged in the classification and systematization of proverbs, study the structure, linguistic form and develop methods for using proverbs in language learning.

Studying German proverbs helps not only in everyday or business communication, but also helps professional translators to better understand and correctly translate country-oriented text fragments.

Proverbs, sayings, poems about friendship and love to the topic 3 Freundschaft , Liebe … bringt das immer Nur Glṻck ? Grade 10

Every nation has a proverb, sayings, poems -constituting an important part of its national cultural heritage. In German and Russian, many proverbs have an identical essence, which, nevertheless, sometimes Maybe to be conveyed in different words, since the proverb is based on different associations and not all proverbs have exact or close correspondences in different languages. 1. Friends get to know V trouble . Den Freund erkennt man in der Not. 2. Old Friend costs two new . Ein alter Freund ist zwei neue wert . 3. Friends above (more expensive) of silver and gold. freunde sind ü ber Silver und Gold . 4. Friendship is proven in trouble. Freundschaft bew ä hrt sich in der Not . 5. Shared (with others) joy is double joy, shared grief is half as much. Geteilte Freude ist doppelte Freude, geteilter Schmerz ist halber Schmerz. 6. Similar (people) look for each other and find. Gleich sucht sich , gleich findet sich . 7. Happiness creates friends, but misfortune tests. Gl ü ck macht freunde , English ü ck pr ü ft . 8. Love is blind.Die Liebe ist blind . 9. Love does not tolerate coercion.Liebe duldet keinen Zwang. 10. Love passes through the stomach.Liebe geht durch den Magen. 11. Love makes blind.Liebe macht blind. 12. You cannot force love and sing.Lieben und Singen l ä sst sich nothing zwingen . 13. Failure (losing) in the game, happiness in love.Pech im Spiel , Gl ü ck in der Liebe . 14. Whoever wants to have fire must endure smoke.Wer das Feuer haben will , muss den Rauch leiden . 15. Where love reigns, there are no paths that are too long.Wo die Liebe treibt , ist kein Weg zu wait . 16. A quarrel between loving people does not mean very much.Zwist unter Liebesleuten hat nothing Viel zu bedeuten .

DIE FREUNDSCHAFT

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller

Freund! genügsam ist der Wesenlenker -
Schämen sich kleinmeisterische Denker,
Die so ängstlich nach Gesetzen spähn –
Geisterreich und Korperweltgewühle
Wälzet eines Rades Schwung zum Ziele,
Hier sah es mein Newton gehn.

Sphären lehrt es, Sklaven eines Zaumes,
Um das Herz des großen Weltenraumes
Labyrinthenbahnen ziehn -
Geister in umarmenden Systemen
Nach der großen Geistersonne strömen,
Wie zum Meere Bäche fliehn.

Wars nicht dies allmächtige Getriebe,
Das zum ewgen Jubelbund der Liebe
Unsre Herzen aneinander zwang?
Raphael, an deinem Arm - o Wonne!
Wag auch ich zur großen Geistersonne
Freudigmutig den Vollendungsgang.

Glucklich! glucklich! Dich hab ich gefunden,
Hab aus Millionen dich umwunden,
Und aus Millionen mein bist du -
Laß das Chaos diese Welt umrütteln,
Durcheinander die Atomen schütteln:
Ewig fliehn sich unsre Herzen zu.

Muß ich nicht aus deinen Flammenaugen
Meiner Wollust Widerstrahlen saugen?
Nur in dir bestaun ich mich -
Schöner malt sich mir die schöne Erde,
Heller spiegelt in des Freunds Gebärde,
Reizender der Himmel sich.

Schwermut wirft die bange Tränenlasten,
Süßer von des Leidens Sturm zu rasten,
In der Liebe Busen ab; -
Sucht nicht selbst das folternde Entzücken
In des Freunds beredten Strahlenblicken
Ungeduldig ein wollüstges Grab? -

Stünd im All der Schöpfung ich alleine,
Seelen träumt" ich in die Felsensteine
Und umarmend küßt "ich sie -
Meine Klagen stöhnt" ich in die Lufte,
Freute mich, antworteten die Klüfte,
Tor genug! der süßen Sympathie.

Tote Gruppen sind wir - wenn wir hassen,
Götter – wenn wir liebend uns umfassen!
Lechzen nach dem süßen Fesselzwang -
Aufwarts durch die tausendfache Stufen

Zahlenloser Geister, die nichtschufen,
Waltet gottlich dieser Drang.

Arm in Arme, höher stats und höher,
Vom Mongolen bis zum griechschen Seher,
Der sich an den letzten Seraph reiht,
Wallen wir, einmütgen Ringeltanzes,
Bis sich dort im Meer des ewgen Glanzes
Sterbend untertauchen Maß und Zeit. -

Freundlos war der große Weltenmeister,
Fuhlte Mangel - darum schuf er Geister,
Selge Spiegel seiner Seligkeit! -
Fand das höchste Wesen schon kein gleiches,
Aus dem Kelch des ganzen Seelenreiches
Schäumt ihm - die Unendlichkeit.

Die Lorelei Heinrich Heine Ich weiß nicht, was soll es bedeuten,
Daß ich so traurig bin,
Ein Marchen aus uralten Zeiten,
Das kommt mir nicht aus dem Sinn.
Die Luft ist kühl und es dunkelt,
Und ruhig fließt der Rhein;
Der Gipfel des Berges funkelt,
Im Abendsonnenschein.

Die schönste Jungfrau sitzet
Dort oben wunderbar,
Ihr gold "nes Geschmeide blitzet,
Sie kämmt ihr goldenes Haar,
Sie kämmt es mit goldenem Kamme,
Und singt ein Lied dabei;
Das hat eine wundersame,
Gewalt "ge Melodei.

Den Schiffer im kleinen Schiffe,
Ergreift es mit wildem Weh;
Er schaut nicht die Felsenriffe,
Er schaut nur hinauf in die Höh".
Ich glaube, die Wellen verschlingen
Am Ende Schiffer und Kahn,
Und das hat mit ihrem Singen,
Die Loreley getan.

Doch heimlich dursten wir.. Anmutig, geistig, arabeskenzart
Scheint unser Leben sich wie das von Feen
In sanften Tanzen um das Nichts zu drehen,
Dem wir geopfert Sein und Gegenwart.

Schonheit der Traume, holde Spielerei,
So hingehaucht, so reinlich abgestimmt,
Tief unter deiner heitern Flache glimmt
Sehnsucht nach Nacht, nach Blut, nach Barbarei.

Im Leeren dreht sich, ohne Zwang und Not,
Frei unser Leben, stets zum Spiel bereit,
Doch heimlich dursten wir nach Wirklichkeit,
Nach Zeugung und Geburt, nach Leid und Tod.

Neue Liebe, Neues Leben Herz, mein Herz, was soll das geben?
Was bedranget dich so sehr?
Welch ein fremdes, neues Leben!
Ich erkenne dich nicht mehr.
Weg ist alles, was du liebtest,
Weg, warum du dich betrübtest,
Weg dein Fleiß und deine Ruh" -
Ah, wie kamst du nur dazu!
Fesselt dich die Jugendblüte,
diese liebliche gestalt,
Dieser Blick voll Treu" und Güte
Mit unendlicher Gewalt?
Will ich rasch mich ihr entziehen,
Michermannen, ihr entfliehen,
Führet mich im Augenblick,
Ach, mein Weg zu ihr zurück!
Und an diem Zauberfädchen,
Das sich nicht zerreißen läßt,
Hält das liebe lose Mädchen
Mich so wider Willen fest;
Muß in ihrem Zauberkreise
Leben nun auf ihre Weise.
Die Verändrung, ach, wie groß!
Liebe! Liebe! laß mich los!

Du meine Seele Friedrich Ruckert
Du meine Seele, du mein Herz,Du meine Wonne, o du mein Schmerz,Du meine Welt, in der ich lebe,Mein Himmel du, darin ich schwebe,O du mein Grab, in das hinabIch ewig meinen Kummer gab!Du bist die Ruh', du bist der Frieden,Du bist der Himmel, mir beschieden.Dass du mich liebst, macht mich mir wert,Dein Blick hat mich vor mir verklart,Du hebst mich liebend über mich,mein gutter Geist, mein bessres Ich.Heinrich Heine Sie liebten sich beide, doch keiner
Wollt'es dem andern gestehn;
Sie sahen sich an so feindlich,
Und wollten vor Liebe vergehn

Sie trennten sich endlich und sah'n sich
Nur noch zuweilen im Traum;
Sie waren längst gestorben,
Und wußten es selber kaum.

Verliebtheit
Ludmila Wilkin
Die Liebe lieb ich nicht - ich liebe die Verliebtheit,Geheimnisvolle, ganz bestimmte Worte,Den Klang der Schritte, Blicke, Laecheln jener SorteDer Leidenschaft in sanfter, weicher Zaertlichkeit,

Das Uberwinden der Verwirrung und Verlegenheit,Sorglos verlebte Stunden, ausgelebte Zeit,Das Schlendern, Bummeln, an den Raendern der Gefahr,Ahnen und Vorgefuehl, das tief im Herzen war.

Abgoettisch liebe ich die LiebesweltUnd den Moment, wenn alles faellt.Liebe ist Kummer, nur Verliebtheit ist ein Fest,Erfuellt mit Feuer, Licht in jedem Raum.

Die Liebe ist der Tod. Verliebtheit ist wie Traum,Ein Traumbild, das im Traum uns laesst.

F. Petrarca Die goldnen Haare mit der Luft sich schwangen,die sie in tausend süße Schlingen legte,und ohne Maß das holde Licht sich regteder Augen, die zu geizen anefangen.

Es dunkte mich, als ob in ihren Wangendes Mitleids Farbeleise sich bewegte:Ich, der im Busen Liebeszunder hegte,was Wunder, wenn ich plötzlich Feu "r gefangen?

Ihr Wandeln war nicht aus dem ird "schen Reiche,nein, Engelsart; und ihrer Worte Wonnescholl anders wie von eines Menschen Munde.

Ein Geist des Himmels und lebend "ge Sonnewar, was ich sah: Und war "s nicht mehr das Gleiche:Kein abgespannter Bogen heilt die Wunde.

J. W. von Goethe Dem Schnee, Dem Regen,Dem wind entgegen,Im Dampf der Kluefte,Durch Nebelduefte,Immer zu, immer zu!Ohne Rast und Ruh!

Lieber durch LeidenMoecht ich mich schlagen,
Als so viel Freuden
Des Lebens ertragen.

Alle das Neugen
Von Herzen zu Herzen,
Ah, wie so eigen
Schaffet das Schmerzen!

Wie soll ich fliehen?
Waelderwaerts ziehen?
Alles vergebens!
Krone des Lebens,
Glueck ohne Ruh,
Liebe, bist du!

Have you made significant progress in learning German, but do you feel like you are missing something? Studying proverbs can inspire you to take the last step and finally become fluent in German.

Proverbs bring variety and color to colloquial speech. The inclusion of proverbs in speech indicates that you have a large vocabulary, and you really mastered the German language. In addition, the use of proverbs is a sure way to grow in the eyes of any native speaker, because this oratorical technique is thoroughly “saturated” with national culture. Learning a few German sayings will not require much effort from you. Even beginners would be nice to supplement their vocabulary with them.

In this article, we will equip you with a whole arsenal of proverbs. This is an excellent selection of well-known and less common sayings. You can surprise native speakers with something that they themselves have not heard. But, above all, we concentrated on proverbs designed to ignite a spark in you and create a mood for.

• Aller Anfang ist schwer.

Literal translation:"Starting is always difficult."

No matter what you do in life, whether it's learning a new language, building a career, or creating a project, if you start from scratch, then at first you know absolutely nothing. It's part of the natural order of things, and that's the way it should be. Don't worry, keep going until you get it right.

• Des Teufels liebstes Möbelstück ist die lange Bank.

Literal translation:"The long bench is the devil's favorite piece of furniture."

In German, "to put something on a long bench" means "to put aside" ( etwas auf die lange Bank Schieben- another addition to your piggy bank of German slang). The Germans seem to have been aware of the procrastination procrastination long before the word "delay" itself was coined. What are you putting away on the “long bench” that could be done now? Don't let the devil win!

• Wer rastet, der rostet.

Literal translation:"He who does nothing gets rusty."

This saying indicates that you need to constantly work on your skills in order to improve them. She also warns that it is important to act in order to achieve something. Too many initiatives are never completed and fade away because they are not systematically worked on. So, finish what you started before you lose your skills.

• Anfangen ist leicht, Beharren eine Kunst.

Literal translation:“Starting is easy, but continuing is a skill.”

Starting something is much easier than finishing it. It happened to everyone, starting a new business, to be full of enthusiasm, which eventually faded away. Staying motivated is a skill in itself that needs to be developed.

• Aus Schaden wird man klug.

Literal translation:"Learning from mistakes."

In many national cultures, it is customary to prevent failure. Nobody likes to get into a puddle or fail. However, many people forget that failure is necessary for learning and gaining experience. Without making mistakes, you will never understand how to do it right. To quote Samuel Beckett: “Try. Fall down. Doesn't matter. Try again, fail again, fail better."

• Das Billige ist immer das Teuerste.

Literal translation:"The cheapest is always the most expensive."

This saying reminds us to invest in quality. Although often the first desire is to choose the cheapest option, in most cases it is worth spending a little more. Be it on learning materials, teachers, services, whatever. Ultimately, it almost always pays off.

• Du siehst den Wald vor lauter Bäumen nicht.

Literal translation:"You can't see the forest for the trees."

It is important to see the whole picture in life. If we focus only on individual victories or failures instead of seeing life as a whole, we are subject to the whims of fate and easily frustrated. So, don't quit learning German just because the grammar seemed too difficult that day. Tomorrow you can come back to it again.

• Erstdenken, dann handeln.

Literal translation:"Think first, then act."

While it is important to act, it is equally important to do the right thing. This proverb reminds us to prioritize and make decisions after slow deliberation instead of blindly rushing into battle.

• Eile mit Weile.

Literal translation:"Hurry up slowly."

Although it is necessary to work hard to achieve your goals and not be lazy ( Wer rastet, der rostet, remember?), you need to find time to enjoy life. By focusing only on the end result, it's easy to miss out on all the fun.

• Kümmere Dich nicht um ungelegte Eier.

Literal translation:"Don't worry about the eggs the hen hasn't laid yet."

This proverb is a bit like the English "Don't count your chickens before they hatch" and Russian "Chickens are counted in the fall." The English and Russian versions say that we should not rely on means that we do not have at the moment, and the German equivalent expresses the futility of worrying about events that have not yet happened and may never happen.

• Man muss die Dinge nehmen, wie sie kommen.

Literal translation:"Take things the way they are."

The same line of thought. Life rarely goes according to our plan. Therefore, it is important to be able to adapt to the current conditions instead of wishing that everything was different. So, take life as it is, not as you think it should be.

• Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund.

Literal translation:"The morning hours are showered with gold."

This proverb is one way the Germans emphasize the importance of getting up early. Many inventors and creators were early risers and used the morning hours for their most productive work. Recommended!

• Selbst ist der Mann.

Literal translation:"Man is his own master."

This proverb is difficult to translate literally. Often, instead of taking action, we wait for help from others. And this is our excuse. This proverb says that if you want something done, do it yourself. Today, the feminist version of this saying is also widely used - Selbst ist die Frau hinting that a woman herself can handle a lot.

• Taten sagen mehr als Worte.

Literal translation:"Actions speak louder than words."

Of course, the meaning of this saying is: Talk less, do more. Many want to do great things and like to rant about their plans, but it doesn't go beyond that. Let your actions speak for you.

• Übung macht den Meister.

Literal translation:"Practice makes a master."

Mastery is hard to achieve. To really achieve anything, you need to hone your skills day by day. If you want to increase the level of professionalism, then you need to devote a lot of time to the chosen occupation and practice. Whether it's physical or language skills, there is no short cut.

• Wer zwei Hasen auf einmal jagt bekommt keinen.

Literal translation:"If you chase two hares, you won't catch one."

It's a way of saying in German "Don't set too many goals." Concentrate. Focus on one thing first and then move on to the next.

• Wer A sagt, muss auch B sagen.

Literal translation:"A said, say B."

No, this is not the slowest way to learn the alphabet. This means that if you decide to do something, then do it to the end. No need to quit halfway through or approach the matter selectively. This is for those who want Wasch mir den Pelz aber mach mich nicht nass(wash wool, but do not get wet), i.e. get results without collateral sacrifice.

• Wenn der Reiter nichts taugt, hat das Pferd schuld.

Literal translation:“If the rider is no good, then the horse is to blame.”

When we try to do something and fail, we tend to blame external factors and circumstances. To exonerate yourself is a natural desire of any person, but a German proverb reminds you that you need to be able to take responsibility for yourself.

• Der Hunger kommt beim Essen.

Literal translation:"Appetite comes with eating."

The hardest thing about anything is getting started. For example, you want to learn German. Every day you are going to sign up for classes, but there is not enough motivation. Start small, look at the textbook for at least 1 minute. Most often, after a while, you will immerse yourself in the process, and you will have a desire to continue.

• Dienst ist Dienst und Schnaps ist Schnaps.

Literal translation:"Work is work and booze is booze."

Even if we do work that we like, it is not always a complete pleasure. Sometimes it's just work. Accept it, dive into the work and get it done. There is light at the end of the tunnel. This proverb also reminds you to take regular breaks. Just do not abuse alcohol, otherwise you will not feel rested.

MBOU "Golovchinskaya secondary school with in-depth study of individual subjects"

« German and Russian proverbs and sayings, the difficulties of their translation»

(research work)

Made by a student

9 "B" class MBOU "Golovchinskaya secondary school"

Graivoronsky district, Belgorod region

Soloshenko Kristina Andreevna

Head German teacher

MBOU "Golovchinskaya secondary school"

Myasishcheva E.N.

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3

comparative analysis of the concepts "proverb" and "saying" and their functions in the language…………………………………………………………………. 4

Chapter 2. Classification of German proverbs and sayings with their Russian equivalents. German proverbs and sayings with full coincidence with their Russian variants……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7

2.1. German proverbs and sayings with partial coincidence with their Russian variants………………………………………………………………………………. 10

2.2 German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian. ..eleven

Conclusion………………………………………………………… ………….15

Bibliography……………………………………………………………16

Introduction

Ein Sprichwort im Mund wiegt hundert Pfund. - The proverb says the truth.

Nowadays, along with the development of technology, information is stored and transmitted in different ways. But still the simplest and most accessible way of transferring experience is language. There are many genres of folk art, such as fairy tales, songs, rituals that convey to us a kind of message from distant ancestors, but the most informative and interesting of them are sayings and proverbs. Despite their capacity and brevity, they fill our speech with brightness and expressiveness, while carrying a certain semantic load. Proverbs and sayings of different peoples of the world have many common features, but on the other hand, they also have their own specific features that characterize the original culture and centuries-old history of a certain people. Proverbs and sayings contain folk wisdom, rooted in the distant past.

It is precisely because of their brightness, imagery and emotionality that proverbs and sayings are often found in various types of texts in German.

Problem: when translating proverbs and sayings contained in German texts into Russian, difficulties are often encountered, since their meaning may not always be clear to us, and their interpretation is not always given in German-Russian and Russian-German dictionaries. Currently, there are many dictionaries, the main purpose of which is to describe the diversity and reveal the meaning of proverbs and sayings of a certain language. However, the question of the features of their functioning in different languages, as well as translation, remains open. In this research work, an attempt will be made to systematize the information available about this and bring something new to the study of such linguistic phenomena as proverbs and sayings. This is what relevance and novelty this research work.

Object of study : proverbs and sayings of the German language and their Russian equivalents.

Subject of study : functions performed by proverbs and sayings in the language, techniques and means used in their translation into Russian.

Project hypothesis: the correct and complete translation of a proverb or saying from the German language requires not only knowledge of vocabulary, which contributes only to literal translation, but it is also necessary to convey its main content smoothly and competently using Russian proverbs and sayings.
The purpose of this work is to find out the causes that cause problems in the translation of proverbs and sayings into Russian, as well as to develop possible ways to overcome them. An analysis of the literature on this issue and a comparison of German proverbs and sayings and their Russian equivalents in terms of their meaning, usage, and lexical composition.

The goal set required a solution the following tasks:

1. Conduct a comprehensive analysis of the necessary literature on this topic 2. Define proverbs and sayings as a genre of oral folk art

3. Consider the structure, content and stability of the forms of proverbs and sayings 4. Conduct a comparative analysis, identify similarities and differences in the structure and functions of these concepts, consider the structure, content and stability of the forms of proverbs and sayings 5. Reveal the significance of proverbs and sayings in communicative terms 6 Select the most effective ways of translating proverbs and sayings into Russian

Theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study is a development and systematization of the main functions and methods of translation of German proverbs and sayings, which allows us to draw conclusions not only about their significance in the language, but also to show on their example the originality of the cultural development of the German people.

The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of applying its provisions in the lessons of the German language, as well as a workshop on oral and written speech. The material of the study was the data of stylistic, phraseological and explanatory dictionaries of the German and Russian languages, modern collections of commonly used proverbs and sayings, as well as many scientific works devoted to this topic.

Research methods determined by the goals and objectives of the work. The work required the use, first of all, of a descriptive method, as well as methods of linguistic and comparative analysis of proverbs and sayings in the German and Russian languages.

Chapter 1. Proverbs and sayings as a genre of oral folk art,

comparative analysis of the concepts "proverb" and "saying" and their functions in the language.

Since ancient times, there have been special genres that explained the world, preserved the social and historical experience of ancestors and conveyed the rules and norms of behavior, which were presented in the form of songs, myths, legends, fairy tales, rituals, incantations, military and labor songs, proverbs and sayings . All these genres are united under the general term Folklore - from English. folklore - folk wisdom, folk knowledge) - artistic collective creative activity of the people, reflecting their life, views, ideals; created by the people and existing among the masses [Dal 1989, 342]. Proverbs and sayings are presented in numerous varieties in all modern languages, including German. The origins of folk proverbs and sayings originate in ancient times. In those days, when people could not write, they had to transmit their knowledge orally. The short form of proverbs and sayings contributed to easy assimilation and perception by the common people. Therefore, it is quite difficult to talk about the origin of proverbs and sayings, since once they are uttered, they lose touch with the source and become part of the public consciousness. Another important source of proverbs is Bible, translated from Hebrew, which was very popular. From there are taken wise sayings, thoughts, statements that reflected the worldviews of the most ancient society, many of which have survived to our times. Many German proverbs are borrowed from Holy Scripture [Podgornaya 2001, 167]. Some proverbs and sayings were borrowed into folk speech from literary sources. So, for example, the statements of J.W. Goethe, Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach are widely known: “In der Jugend lernt, im Alter versteht man”, (in youth they study, in old age they understand) F. Logau: “Freude, Mäßigkeit und Ruh schleußt dem Arzt die Türe zu" (joy, moderation and peace close the doors to the doctor) that have become winged. Many statements came to the German language from French, English, Latin, etc. The famous Vladimir Dal singled out one hundred and seventy headings for proverbs and sayings. For many centuries, the relative stability of the structure, means and vocabulary has been preserved. Therefore, each nation contributed its ideas and views regarding the understanding of reality. . Thus, proverbs and sayings typify phenomena, i.e. identify the most significant among them and note the most significant features in them. Typization is manifested in the creation of images of a peasant, an artisan, a worker, a priest, a gentleman, a judge, and in German: a burgamistra. It is emphasized by the definition of a person's social position, which makes it possible to characterize him accordingly, pointing out the main features: poverty or wealth, power or lack of rights. Due to proverbs and sayings, the literary and colloquial language is constantly enriched. Indeed, in the works of oral folk art there are many ancient and local (dialect) words.

Considering proverbs and sayings as linguistic phenomena, many authors came to the conclusion that they can be classified according to several criteria. The first group is based semantic criterion. As I.M. Snegirev that, Firstly, the main difference between a proverb and a saying is in their content.: the proverb contains an important vital truth, and the saying only encourages the interlocutor to think, gives a hint of the second difference is the completeness of form and thought.

Speaking about the semantic difference, V.I. Dal has the following definition of proverbs and sayings, which has become widespread in literary circles: “A proverb is a short parable... This is a judgment, a verdict, a teaching, expressed in a blunt way and put into circulation, under the coinage of the people. A proverb is a blunt, with an appendix to the case, understood and accepted by everyone ... like any parable, a complete proverb consists of two parts: from a blunt, picture, general judgment and from an application, interpretation, teaching; often, however, the second part is omitted, given to the listener's sharpness, and then the proverb is almost indistinguishable from the saying" [Dal 1989, 14]. The proverb, by his definition, " roundabout, figurative speech, simple allegory, bluff, way of expression, but without a parable, without judgment, conclusion, application; this is one first half of the proverb. The proverb replaces only direct speech with roundabout, does not finish, sometimes does not name things, but conditionally, very clearly hints» [Dal 1989, 15]. It was V.I. Dalem who noted in proverbs such qualities as generalization, brevity, allegoricalness, edification, and, and in sayings - figurativeness, allegoricalness, and lack of instructiveness. Another group of linguists, considering the problem of distinguishing between proverbs and sayings, based their classification on the criterion of the presence or absence of figurative meaning. The founder of this theory is O. Shirokova. According to her, the main difference between proverbs and sayings is figurative sense , available in proverbs and absent in sayings.

Thus, the proverb has a generalized meaning, while the proverb clarifies only certain phenomena.[Fedorov 1961, 56]. Another researcher in the field of proverbs and sayings, V.P. Zhukov, also bases their classification on the principle of presence and absence of figurative meaning. Speaking about proverbs, he emphasized that they contain both literal and figurative meaning, or only figurative meaning, but at the same time, the proverb in the grammatical sense is a complete sentence [Mokienko 1975, 74].

It is necessary to elaborate on their structure and features of functioning in the text. As we have already considered earlier, proverbs and sayings in their generalized form are called upon to evaluate people. This is typical for a number of German proverbs, the component composition of which already contains a verbal assessment of the phenomena being characterized. Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm - The apple falls not far from the apple tree. The structure of German proverbs has enough fixed form, this is due to the general nature of the content, folk origin, as well as the colloquial scope of use. Having considered the grammatical form of proverbs, many researchers emphasize their compliance with the content plan. Thus, German proverbs are presented in the form narrative: Mein Haus ist meine Burg, Lugen haben kurze Beine. Interrogative and exclamatory constructions are not typical for German proverbs. As a rule, the frequently used form of the verb is "timeless" present indicative, so many are constructed as indefinitely personal sentences with the pronoun man: Bei Wölfen und Eulen lernt man's Heulen. Thus, in order to achieve special brevity, increased expressiveness and generalized semantic content, German proverbs lack personal forms of the verb [Olshansky 1965, 76].

Many proverbs are the form of a complex sentence, so the following models can be used: Wer A sagt, muß auch B sagen. [Mokienko 1975, 27].

The proverbs are named emotional-modal. They cover the widest range of syntactic patterns, from one-part sentences to compound sentences: So etwaslebt,und Schiller mußte sterben! - Yes, how the earth wears you!

In other words, an affirmative proverb cannot be rephrased into an incentive or interrogative, and on the contrary, da lachen ja dieHühner is for chickens to laugh at or it is impossible to add or remove negation from the proverb (cf. Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend - Not everything is lost yet), change the structure of the statement, verb forms, word order.

The main functions of sayings.

Sayings perform certain functions in speech. Some sayings can act as introduction to the message and thus serve the division of monologue speech (Weißt du was? - you know that .. Die Sache ist ... - the whole thing ....; Ob du es glaubst oder nicht ... - do you believe me or not); communication element with what was said before (Doch zurück zu unserem Hauptthema); · transition element from the presentation of positive facts to the critical part of the statement (So weit, so gut); final element of the statement: Das wär`s; Soweit (unsere Meinung) [Bayer 1989, 64].

Thus, individual and universal moments in the content of sayings are inextricably linked and intertwined in a variety of combinations and proportions.

As a result, despite some fuzziness of the boundaries characterizing (narrative, interrogative and incentive) and emotional-modal, their common core is semantically inseparable interjectional and modal phrases.

In conclusion, it should be said that it is necessary to distinguish figurative sayings from stable phrasal phrases close to them in lexical and semantic composition, which are not characterized by the stability of the grammatical structure.

Chapter 2. Classification of German proverbs and sayings with their Russian equivalents.

An important historical and lexical layer of each language is folklore, including proverbs and sayings, of which there are a huge number in German, as in other languages. The framework of this research work does not allow us to consider the whole variety of proverbs and sayings, therefore, after studying various dictionaries and scientific works, we selected 130 proverbs and sayings in the German language.

S. Vlakhov in his work “The Untranslatable in Translation” believed that for the correct translation and use of set expressions in speech, it is necessary to know the following about them: the form in which they are used, as well as its lexical, structural and other variants; their main content and various additional meanings, including stylistic coloring; the possibility of changing them, i.e. the measure of their formal and semantic stability; situation or context in which the use of these set expressions is appropriate [Vlakhov 1986, 120].

After analyzing the above parameters in each of the examples we have identified, we came to the conclusion that, according to the method of translation into Russian, they can be classified into the following groups:

1. German proverbs and sayings with complete coincidence with their Russian versions.

2. German proverbs and sayings with partial coincidence with their Russian variants.

3. German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian.

Also in the course of the study, we will draw conclusions about the quantitative predominance of vocabulary from a particular group. In this chapter, several examples from each group will be given and analyzed. All examples of proverbs and sayings on this topic can be seen in the attachments to the work.

The selection of proverbs and sayings was carried out according to the following dictionaries: 1. Podgornaya L.I. Russian proverbs and sayings and their German counterparts. - St. Petersburg, 2001 2. Duden. Redewendungen und sprichwörtliche Redensarten. Band II.- Mannheim-Leipzig-Zürich, 1997 3. Zwilling M.Ya. Russian-German dictionary of proverbs and sayings - Russian language 1984 4. Graf, A.E. Russische und deutsche idiomatische Redewendungen.

Leipzig, 1966 and many more. Consider a corpus of examples selected according to the first of the groups we have declared.

Full equivalents are such proverbs and sayings that in several languages ​​have the same meaning and the same figurative basis of this meaning. Such sayings and proverbs exist in many languages. When translating such equivalents, the tracing method is used. Tracing paper is called borrowing by literal translation, which allows you to transfer various realities in proverbs and sayings into the target language. At the same time, the semantic meaning is maximally preserved. Unfortunately, with the preservation of semantics, it is not always possible to preserve color, since some parts of a word or expression are nevertheless transmitted by means of the target language. Let's give some examples.

Proverbs: 1. Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - You chase two hares, you won't catch one [Zwilling 1984, 201] 2. Die Ratten verlassen das sinkende Schiff - Rats leave the sinking ship. (Rats flee from a sinking ship) [Podgornaya 2001, 170] 3. Alle Wege führen nach Rom - All roads lead to Rome 4. Den Freund erkennt man in der Not – A friend is known in trouble [Zwilling 1984, 33]

The above proverbial expressions have two main properties of phraseology: a single compatibility of the component composition and a specific kind of semantic transformation. So, proverbs are characterized by a didactic meaning, which is expressed through a rethinking of the corresponding image.

Sayings (idioms) are divided into phraseological units, where a number of components are interchangeable due to synonymy, and phraseological fusions, where all components are closely soldered. In this group, only phraseological fusions are presented, which are much more in German than units. For example:

1 . eine melkende Kuh - Milk cow [Podgornaya 2001, 56] [Zwilling 1984, 52]

2. Da liegt der Hund begraben! - so that's where the dog is buried! (the expression is used when a person, after much thought, understands what exactly is the true reason, the essence of the matter) The saying almost completely coincides with its Russian equivalent, the difference lies in the gender of the noun, in the German version “Katze” is used - a cat, in Russian “ cat".

4. jemandem einen Bärendienst erweisen [Podgornaya 2001, 51] - to render someone a disservice. Wer pedantisch ist und als falsch anstreicht, was doch nur natürlich gewachsener Sprachgebrauch ist, der erweist der Sprache einen Bärendienst. [Pedants who consider a new word usage that naturally arose in a living language to be a mistake, thereby doing a disservice to the language.] 5. ein weißer Rabe - a white crow.

[Podgornaya 2001, 79] 11. Krokodilstränen - Crocodile tears [Zwilling 1984, 74] 12. ein Wolf in Schafpelz - Wolf in sheep's clothing

Being phraseological units, sayings are able to be classified into parts of speech, which also helps when translating into Russian. The vast majority of sayings (idioms) are equivalent to a noun or a verb.

1. Sayings equivalent to a noun: eine neugierige Ziege, das beste Pferd im Stall, dicke Mäuse. Verb-equivalent sayings: mit Hühnern zu Belt gehen, Schwein haben, einen Bären aufbinden, einen Affen haben (kaufen), einen Affen an j-m gefressen haben, j-m die Würmer aus der Nase ziehen, auf dem hohen Pferd sitzen, j-n auf den Hunde bringen, mit allen Hunden gehetzt sein, einen Kater haben, etc. For example; Es ist erst zwei Wochen her, das ein Karlan aus dem Dorf Halle, der wie alle Gottes-Männer mit den Hühnern aufzustehen gewohnt ist... (Remarque)

2. Sayings (idioms) of a comparative type should be singled out as a separate group: Stacheligwie ein Igel, rot wie ein Krebs, gesund (stark) wie ein Baer, ​​hungrig wie ein Wolf (Bar), plump wie ein Bar, besoffen wie ein Schwein , falsch (listig) wie eine Schlange, sanft wie ein Schaf, dumm wie ein Ochse, stolz (eitel) wie ein Pfau, zäh (geschmeidig, flink, falsch) wie eine Katze, beladen wie ein Kamel, dumm (störrisch) wie ein Esel; wie ein Pferd arbeiten, wie eine Ratte (As you can see from the examples, verbal sayings predominate in languages.

2.1. German proverbs and sayings with partial coincidence with their Russian variants

Phraseological units with partial translation matching are called conditional equivalents. These are stable expressions, the integral meaning of which follows not directly from their linguistic components, but is connected with them by a figurative dependence. In this case, literal translation or tracing as a method of translation cannot be used, because some components of phraseological turns of this group do not coincide in two languages. Translation is carried out partially with the replacement of the necessary components. Such a translation is called semicalca and is a partial borrowing of words and expressions, consisting partly of elements of German, partly of elements of the Russian language. Here are some examples: Proverbs

1. Die Katze weiß, wo sie genascht hat [Zwilling 1984, 81] - Lit. The cat knows where it ate.

The cat knows whose meat it ate. (So ​​they say when a person does an obscene act, while realizing his guilt and showing concern). 2. Ende gut alles gut [Podgornaya 2001, 28] lit. Good ending, all is well. All is well that ends well. 3. Man lernt so lange man lebt [Zwilling 1984, 99] lit. Learn while you live. Live and learn. 4. Der Apfel fällt nicht vom Stamm [Zwilling 1984, 11] lit. The apple does not fall far from the trunk The apple does not fall far from the tree. 5. Eine Schwalbe macht noch keinen Sommer lit. One swallow will not make summer. One swallow does not make spring. Better a tit in the hand than a pie in the sky (It is better to have a smaller good, but definitely yours, than to waste time on acquiring what is beyond our reach). 10. Die Arbeit ist kein Hase, lauft nicht in den Wald. lit. Work is not a hare, it won’t run away into the forest. It’s not a wolf: it won’t run away into the forest. (Work can sometimes be postponed, nothing will happen to it). This proverb is commonly used by those people who want to delay their affairs. [Podgornaya 2001, 61].

sayings

1. zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen [Podgornaya 2001, 22] lit. kill two flies with one clap Kill two birds with one stone (do two things at the same time)

2. Von der gleichen Sippschaft sein. Von der gleichen Sorte sein. Vom gleichen Schlage sein. lit. to be from the same gang, of the same sort, from one blow, made from the same dough

3. das schwarze Schaff [Podgornaya 2001: 155] lit. black sheep

In Russian, there is a definition of "white crow" (this is the name of a person who stands out sharply in something among the people around him, different, not like them).

"Ganz abgesehen davon würde ein Einspruch von meiner Seite, der ich sowieso in einflussreichen Kreisen als das schwarze Schaff gelte, falsch ausgelegt werden und höchstens die gegenteilige Wirkung haben". “Even without taking into account this circumstance, any protest from my side, from the side of a person who is already looked upon as a white crow in influential circles, would be misinterpreted and would lead to the opposite result.” (W. Joho, "Die Wendemarke").

At the end, it should also be noted that the proverbial or saying unit, the translation of which is carried out by means of tracing paper, or semi-tracing paper, "... can get a certain distribution in the language, but at the same time remain "exoticism", because the corresponding denotation is alien to this culture" [Mikulina 1978, 60].

2.2 German proverbs and sayings with different translations into Russian

As we discussed above, along with proverbs and sayings that have single or multiple matches in another language, there are also those for which there are no direct analogues in the target language. Accordingly, the translation of these proverbs and sayings presents the greatest difficulty. The existence of such proverbs and proverbs does not mean that their meaning cannot be conveyed in translation or that they will be translated with less accuracy than those having direct correspondences in the language. As a rule, the existence of such proverbs and sayings is explained by the presence of national and cultural flavor, which can be presented in the form of realities. To translate such proverbs or sayings, an equivalent with the closest semantic shade is used. This method is limited in application, since it implies the replacement of the realities in the original proverb or saying with the realities of the target language. For example, Eulen nach Athen tragen - to go to Tula with your own samovar or In Rom ist nicht gut mit dem Papst zu streiten - they don’t go to a strange monastery with their charter. This type of translation is possible when the national or temporal flavor presented in a proverb or saying is not so significant, and the content plan is the most important component.

Before proceeding directly to the translation of these proverbs and sayings, it is necessary to comprehend their meaning, semantic load in order to convey its semantic and connotative content. 1. Kleine Kröten haben auch Gift = Magere Läuse beißen scharf - A small bird, but a sharp claw 2. Wenn man den Esel nennt, kommt er schоn gerennt - We are talking about a wolf, but he is facing [Zwilling 1984, 129] 3. Was der dumme Esel spricht, hoeren meine Ohren nicht - The dog barks, the caravan goes (the wind carries) [Zwilling 1984, 81]

If it seems impossible to apply the above methods to create correspondences, then a description is used that reveals the meaning of "non-equivalent" proverbs and sayings.

When translating a text with proverbs and sayings of this type, you can use a footnote with an explanation to convey the content. This technique is quite effective, but has a drawback, which includes the literalness of the translation, which, when used in speech, may seem not quite natural.

Approximate translation is carried out by using a grammatical unit of the target language, which partially corresponds to a non-equivalent grammatical unit in a certain context.

Let's pay attention to the following sayings:

Wenn der Hahn Eier legt! - when cancer whistles on the mountain 23. Alle Wetter - It's great (exclamation of approval) [Zwilling 1984, 8] 24. Aber sicher, sagte Blücher! - This is clear! [Podgornaya 2001, 25] 25. Das ist doch die Höhe!- This is too much! [Zwilling 1984, 51]

It is especially necessary to highlight the group in which several proverbs or sayings correspond in content to one variant in the target language.

Ein Mann, kein Mann \u003d Ein Mann macht keinen Tanz, eine Blume keinen Kranz \u003d Einer ist keiner- corresponds to one Russian saying: one man is not a warrior in the field

Kurze Rede, gute Rede = In der Kürze liegt die Würze – brevity is the sister of talent [Zwilling 1984, 77]

At the end of this chapter, it should also be noted that when translating into Russian, one must also take into account the grammatical structure of German sentences of proverbial and saying types. After the study, we came to the conclusion that proverbs and sayings in real language use should be translated as full two-part sentences. However, in grammatical terms, there are differences between proverbs and sayings. Proverbs are reproduced for the most part in their basic form unchanged. Sayings, on the contrary, acquire their final form in the context, receiving there the necessary missing elements of the full sentence. It is also interesting that sayings in most cases are realized in the form of a specific sentence, while proverbs are mostly generalizations.

The complexity of proverbial clichés in the grammatical aspect [Permyakov, 1985: 35] varies depending on their nature and degree. Some of them act as simple sentences, others, on the contrary, as complex ones: den Stier bei den Hörnern packen - take the bull by the horns; Man soll die Bärenhaut nicht verkaufen, ehe der Bär gestochen ist - Without killing the bear, the skins are not divided.

Complex sentences of proverbial type Permyakov G.L. divides into complex, compound sentences and non-union ligaments: Die Katze weiss, wo sie genascht hat - The cat knows whose meat it ate, Die Arbeit ist kein Frosch (Hase), sie hüpft uns nicht davon - It's not a wolf, it won't run away into the forest, Wer sich fuer einen Ochsen ausgibt, der muss für einen Ochsen ziehen - He who went to horses, he carries water.

Sayings Permyakov G.L. also divides according to the degree of their generalization [Permyakov, 1985, 47]. Some express regular relationships, for example: Jeder Bär brummt nach seiner Höhle - Every sandpiper praises his swamp. Others, on the contrary, report only a one-time event in a specific situation: Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - You will chase two hares, you will not catch one.

Among the named proverbs and sayings there are narrative sentences: In der Karpfenteich gehoert ein Hecht - That's why the pike in the sea, so that the crucian does not doze off; imperative sentences: Lehre nicht die Fische schimmen und die Tauben fliegen - eggs do not teach chicken; interrogative sentences: Ist das Futteral mehr wert als die Geige darin? - Is the game worth the candle?

The question of the translation of proverbs and proverbs, as well as phraseological units in general, is a large field for conducting a wide variety of studies. Because There are a large number of different ways and methods of translation, it is impossible to give a complete and absolute list of them. Within the framework of this work, the most frequently used methods used in the translation of the bulk of proverbs and sayings from German into Russian were investigated and analyzed. In the course of the work, we came to the conclusion that due to the diversity and individual characteristics of proverbial and proverbial clichés, the methods of their transmission into the language of the communicant can be interchanged and come into contact with each other.

In the second chapter for this research work, three main groups were identified according to the method of translating German proverbs and sayings into Russian.

As the study showed, from the proverbs and sayings given in the classification, 28% are pairs that are absolute equivalents, i.e. translation from German is carried out by literal translation or tracing. This constituted the first group of examples.

The second group of phraseological pairs was compiled by us from proverbs and sayings, which are incomplete equivalents of Russian, i.e. the designation of various objects or phenomena of reality in a German proverb or saying does not always coincide with their designation in Russian. For example, the image of "cuckoo" in the German proverb "Wieß der Kuckuck!" is replaced by the image of a dog in Russian (the dog knows him!), the image of a bear in the proverb "einen Bärenhunger haben" - by the image of a dog (hungry like a dog), the image of a sheep "das schwarze Schaff" - by the image of a crow (white crow). Their number is 32% of the total number of analyzed examples. Partial tracing was chosen as a way of translating these examples.

It is also interesting to note the presence in this group of such cases when one Russian proverb or saying can be translated by two or more equivalent expressions in German. This phenomenon is also found in Russian. Such pairs are called phraseological units, where components can be replaced.

third largest group (40%) are phraseological units proverbial and saying type, which do not have a similar equivalent in Russian. The absence of equivalents with similar designations of objects or phenomena of reality speaks in favor of the national specificity of German phraseological units, which include proverbs and sayings. Indeed, as Roizenzon L.I. emphasized: “between the nature of the phraseology of the people and the cultural and historical features of its development, relations of one-sided interconnectedness and interdependence are established” [Roizenzon 1972, 14]. In addition, the implementation of the translation of a German saying or proverb through a similar Russian statement without taking into account national specifics can lead to a semantic error. Such proverbs and sayings were translated by us using a descriptive translation or selection of an equivalent in content, but different in lexical and grammatical content from the original version.

At the end of this chapter, I would like to recall the famous statement of the great J. W. Goethe: “When translating, one should get to the untranslatable, only then can one truly know a foreign people, a foreign language” [Vlakhov, Florin 1980].

Conclusion

1. In the theoretical part of this work, a systematic comparative analysis of such concepts as "proverb" and "saying" was carried out, the features of their functioning in German as phraseological units, their structure, and a comparative analysis was carried out, which made it possible to identify similarities and differences in structure and functions of these concepts. The study was carried out on the basis of the works of scientists of domestic and foreign linguistics, such as G.L. Permyakov, I.G. Olshansky, M.Ya Zwilling, I.I. Chernyshev, G. Poikes, F. Seiler and many others.

2. Based on the theoretical provisions of the first chapter, we can conclude that proverbs and proverbs are part of the national phraseological fund of the German language. The study of these phraseological expressions shows that they represent a special microsystem within the general phraseological system of this language.

3. The analysis of various scientific works in the theoretical part showed that translators resort to the most diverse ways of translating phraseological units. In the practical part of the study, the most suitable ones for translating proverbs and proverbs from German into Russian were identified. For this, three groups of examples were identified according to the method of translation into Russian:

· German proverbs and sayings with full coincidence with their Russian variants

· German proverbs and sayings with partial coincidence with their Russian variants

· German proverbs and sayings with different translation into Russian.

4. After the study, we can conclude that the translation of German proverbs and sayings has a number of difficulties. Some of them are easily translated into Russian, then such a translation method as tracing is used, i.e. literal translation or semi-calque, i.e. selective translation. Other proverbs and sayings need to be explained, as they have nothing to do with Russian expressions.

In conclusion, it can also be noted that proverbs and sayings, as phraseological units, of which there are a huge number in the German language, play a significant role in communication. Since phraseology is one of the most difficult aspects of learning a foreign language, having mastered the basic knowledge about it, you can achieve a high degree of proficiency in it. For a student of a foreign language, the study of proverbs and sayings of a foreign language is always associated with significant difficulties, especially if the native language of the translator does not have a phraseological expression similar in meaning and figurative structure. Therefore, this research work has a certain theoretical and practical significance and scientific value for such a discipline as phraseology and for linguistics in general.

Knowing the equivalents of Russian proverbs in German is very important when translating. In addition, capturing the similarity or difference in the semantic nuances contained in proverbs and sayings in two languages ​​provides a student of a foreign language with very significant help.

Bibliography

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3. Breus, E.V. Fundamentals of the theory and practice of translation from Russian into English / E.V. Breus. - M.: URAO, 2004. - 305 p.

4. Vinogradov, V.V. Selected works: Lexicology and lexicography / VV Vinogradov. – M.: Nauka, 1986. – 147 p.

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9. Latyshev, V.K. Translation: problems of theory, practice, methods / V.K. Latyshev - M .: Education, 1988.- 169 p.

7. Podgornaya, L.I. Russian proverbs and sayings and their German counterparts / L.I. Podgornaya. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2001 - 265 p.

8 Graf, A.E. Russische und deutsche idiomatische Redewendungen / A.E. Graf // - Leipzig, 1966 – 144 S.

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Annex 1

German proverbs and sayings with complete coincidence with their Russian variants

Wer zwei Hasen zugleich jagt, fängt keinen - Who chases two hares. Not one will be caught

Die Ratten verlassen das sinkende Schiff - Rats leave the sinking ship

Auge um Auge. Zahn um Zahn - An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth

Es ist nicht alles Gold was glänzt - Not everything that glitters is gold

Besser spät als nie - Better late than never

Befehl ist Befehl - An order is an order

Den Freund erkennt man in der Not - A friend in need is known

Mein Haus ist meine Burg - My home is my castle

Bei Nacht sind alle Katzen grau – At night all cats are gray

Neue Besen kehren gut - New broom sweeps better

aus einer Mücke einen Elefanten machen - To make an elephant out of a fly

die Katze im Sack kaufen – Buy a pig in a poke

den Stier bei den Hörnern packen - Take the bull by the horns

ein Wolf in Schafpelz - A wolf in sheep's clothing

Schwanengesang - Swan Song

Löwenanteil - Lion's share

Krokodilstränen – Crocodile tears

er tut keiner Fliege etwas zuleide - He wouldn't hurt a fly

Aus nichts wird nichts - Nothing is made from nothing

Da liegt der Hund begraben - This is where the dog is buried

Eine melkende Kuh – Milking cow

Keine Rose ohne Dorn - No rose without thorns

Keine Regel ohne Ausnahme - No rules without exceptions

Lügen haben kurze Beine - Lies have short legs

Alte Liebe rostet nicht - Old love does not rust

Kleine Kinder, kleine sorgen, große Kinder, große Sorgen - Little children are little troubles, big children are big troubles;

Aus den Augen, aus dem Sinn - Out of sight, out of mind

Es kamm, wie es kommen mußte - Everything happened as expected,

Jeder ist seines Glückes Schmied - Each blacksmith of his own happiness;

Viel Lärm aus nichts - Much Ado About Nothing

Wo zwei zanken, da sei nicht der Dritte - Two are fighting, the third does not interfere;

Friede ernährt, Unfriede verzehrt - The world creates, strife destroys.

Wenn zwei sich streiten, freut sich der Dritte - Two quarrel, the third benefits;

Wer nichts tut, dem mißlingt nichts - The one who does nothing is not mistaken.

Wer Rechte hat, hat auch Pflichten - Whoever has rights has duties;

Gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten - Equal Rights - Equal Duties

Einigkeit macht stark - There is strength in unity;

Einer für alle, alle für einen - One for all and all for one.

Annex 2

German proverbs and sayings with partial coincidence with their Russian variants

Einigkeit macht stark - There is strength in unity

In jeder Herde findet sich mal ein schwarzes Schaf = Ein räudiges Schaf steckt die ganze Herde an. = Ein falsches Ei verdirbt den ganzen Brei - The family has its black sheep

Da lachen ja die Hühner! - This is for chickens to laugh

Man lernt so lange man lebt - Live a century, learn a century

Wenn die Katze fort ist, tanzen die Mäuse - Cat from home, expanse for mice

Wer Honig lecken will, darf die Bienen nicht scheuen - Be afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest

Den Vogel erkennt man an den Federn – A bird is recognized by its flight

Jedem Vogel gefällt sein Nest - Every sandpiper praises his swamp

Einem geschenkten Gaul sieht man nicht ins Maul - Don't look a gift horse in the mouth

Die Arbeit ist kein Frosch (Hase), sie hüpft uns nicht davon (sie läuft nicht in den Wald) - Work is not a wolf, it will not run away into the forest

Die Katze weiß, wo sie genascht hat - The cat knows whose meat it ate

Die Ziege ist satt, und der Kohl unberührt - And the wolves are full and the sheep are safe

Besser ein Spatz (Sperling) in der Hand als eine Taube auf dem Dach = Besser heut ein Ei als morgen ein Küchlein = Besser ein kleiner Fisch als gar nichts auf dem Tisch - A bird in the hand is better than a crane in the sky.

Bei Wölfen und Eulen lernt man's Heulen - Live with wolves, howl like wolves

zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen - Kill two birds with one stone

wenn der Hahn Eier legt - When the cancer on the mountain whistles

da lachen ja die Hühner - This is for chickens to laugh at

ein alter Hase - Old fox

Mann und Weib sind ein Leib - Husband and wife are one Satan

Kein Feuer ohne Rauch - No smoke without fire

Klein, aber fein - Small, but remote

die Katze aus dem Sack lassen - Let the cat out of the bag

Sage mir, mit wem du umgehst, und ich sage dir, wer du bist - Tell me who your friend is and I'll tell you who you are

Wie das Haupt, so die Glieder. Der Deckel ist würdig des Deckels. Wie der Kopf, so der Hut. Wie das Fleisch, so die Suppe = Wie die Alten singen, so zwitschern die Jungen; \u003d Wie die Frau, so die Dirn, wie der Baum, so die Birn - What is the goods, such is the merchant

Immer die alte Leier - The old song again

Von der gleichen Sippschaft sein. Von der gleichen Sorte sein. Vom gleichen Schlage sein - From one test

Trau, schau, wem - Trust but verify

Der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm; \u003d Wie der Baum, so die Frucht - The apple does not fall far from the tree

Dein Wunsch ist mir Befehl - Your wish is my command

Schweigst du still, so ist's dein Will - Silence is a sign of consent.

Wie der Abt, so die Mönche - What is the pop, such is the arrival;

Sprich immerzu, doch lass die Hände in Ruh' - Talk with your tongue, but do not give free rein to your hands.

Rom ist nicht an einem Tage erbaut worden - Moscow was not built right away;

Würden sind Bürden - More honor - more trouble;

Ein gutes Wort führt die Kuh in den Stahl - A kind word and a cat is pleased

Auch der beste Gaul stolpert manchmal - A horse with four legs, and then stumbles

Aller Anfag ist schwer - Dashing trouble the beginning

Ende gut, alles gut - All's well that ends well

Die Hechte im Teich lassen die Fische nicht faul werden - That's why the pike in the pond, so that the crucian does not doze off.

Vier Augen sehen mehr/ besser als zwei - One head is good, but two is better

Wie man den Karren schmiert, so läuft er - As you call a ship, so it will sail

Annex 3

German proverbs and sayings with different translation into Russian

Hat die Kuh den Schwanz verloren, so merkt sie erst, wozu er gut gewesen. What we have - we do not store, but when we lose - we cry.

Haust du meinen Juden, so haue ich deinen Juden - As it comes around, it will respond.

Auf einer Pfütze ist die Fliege ein Admiral - Every sandpiper in his swamp is great;

Man soll den Tagen nicht vor dem Abend loben - They count chickens in the fall.

Ost und West, daheim das Best - it's good to be away, but it's better to be at home

Ein falsches Ei verdirbt den ganzen Brei - A fly in the ointment spoils a barrel of honey

mein Name ist Hase (ich weiß von nichts) - My hut is on the edge, I don’t know anything

mit allen Hunden gehetzt sein - Shot sparrow, go through fire and water

Aber sicher, sagte Blücher! - Of course!

Alle Wetter! - That's great (approval).

Mein lieber Mann! - astonishment

Das ist aber die Hohe! - It's too much!

Der Wolf ändert wohl das Haar, doch bleibt er, wie er war =Der Wolf stirbt in seiner Haut; - leopard change his spots

Nur Mut, es wird schon - Will grind, there will be flour;

Jedes Warum hat sein Darum; There is no smoke without fire;

Geduld bringt Huld / Rosen; Endure, fall in love;

Kurze Rede, gute Rede = In der Kürze liegt die Würze - Brevity is the sister of talent

Ein Mann, kein Mann \u003d Ein Mann macht keinen Tanz, eine Blume keinen Kranz \u003d Einer ist keiner - One is not a warrior in the field

Ohne sich vorher zu plagen, kommt man nicht zu Glücken Tagen - Without difficulty, you can’t even pull the fish out of the pond

Der Schwanz muss dem Fuchs folgen - Where the needle goes, there goes the thread;

Kommt man über 'Hund, so kommt man über 'Schwanz - If there was a horse, there would be a collar.

Die Gesunden und Kranken haben ungleiche Gedanken \u003d Topf von Ton und Topf von Eisen sollen nicht zusammen reisen - The horseman is not a friend on foot;

Mit Verwandten iß und lach, aber nie Geschäfte mach - Friendship is friendship, but money is apart.

Wo die Liebe treibt, ist kein Weg zu weit - For a friend, even seven miles is not a village;

Ein magerer Vergleich ist besser als ein fetter Prozess - A bad peace is better than a good quarrel;

Hochmut kommt vor dem Fall - Do not go high, you will have to fall deep;

Es ist noch kein Meister vom Himmel gefallen - Not gods burn pots;

Gelöbnis ist ehrlich, halten beschwerlich; Versprechen und Нalten ziemt wohl Jungen und Alten - Having given / having given the word, hold on, and if not given, be strong.

In den kleinen Dosen sind die besten Salben - The spool is small, but expensive;

Ein Messer wetzt das andere - Do not dig a hole for another, you yourself will fall into it;

Wer in den Kohl speit, muß ihn essen - Do not spit in the well, you will have to drink water / water.

Abgeredet vor der Zeit gibt nachher keinen Streit - Agreement is a holy cause;

Tue recht, (und) scheue niemand - Stand boldly for a just cause;

Wer A sagt, muß auch B sagen - He called himself a load, climb into the back;

Pack schlägt sich, Pack verträgt sich - Own dogs fight, a stranger does not interfere

Der hat gut Rat geben, dem's wohl geht, Fremdes Leid ist bald vergessen - I will scout someone else's misfortune with my hands.

Ein jeder kehre vor seinen (eigenen) Tür; Pfau, schau deine Beine!; Willst du fremde Fehler zählen, heb an deine aufzuzählen - Do not judge others, look at yourself.

Es ist nichts so fein gesponnen, alles kommt ans Licht der Sonnen - You can't hide an awl in a bag.

Jedes Warum hat sein Darum - Everyone has their own why

Stahl auf Stein gibt Feuer - Found a scythe on a stone;

Man soll nicht mit Kanonen auf Spatzen schießen - Cannons are not fired at sparrows.

Auf den Sack schlägt man, den Esel meint man - One thing on the tongue, another on the mind

Die gebratenen Tauben fliegen einem nicht ins Maul. - You can’t take a fish out of the pond without labor

Eulen nach Athen tragen - Go to Tula with your samovar

Wo sich Hase und Fuchs (or wo Fuchs und Hase einander) gute Nacht sagen (or wünschen). - Where Makar did not drive calves

den Bock zum Gärtner machen - Let the goat into the garden

herumgehen wie die Katze um den heißen Brei - Walk around the bush

wie ein begossener Pudel - as if lowered into water

jemandem den roten Hahn aufs Dach setzen - Let the red rooster go

Erst bedacht, dann gemacht - Measure seven times, cut one

In Rom ist nicht gut mit dem Papst zu streiten = Andre Städtchen, andre Mädchen - one does not go to a strange monastery with one's own charter - one does not go to a strange monastery with one's own charter.

German proverbs are very diverse. There really are just a huge number of them - it is possible that even more than in Russian. In general, German wisdom is of particular interest. Well, the topic is entertaining, so I would like to talk about it in detail.

On German Wisdom

Before listing German proverbs, it is worth briefly talking about the topic as a whole. So, first of all. Proverbs are not sayings. They are different from each other. A proverb is a figurative and vivid expression that carries a certain symbolic meaning. But the proverb is wisdom. They have a special, moral character. This is their main distinguishing feature.

Why are expressions of this nature so loved by people and entrenched in every culture for a long time? Everything is simple here. These phrases are formed by ordinary people, the people. No one sat in a circle and thought about what expression to compose. Everything arose by itself - in some situations, in certain circumstances. And so it got fixed. All expressions are real, not contrived. This is their salt. They can really make a person not just think, but analyze something - sometimes even his life. They have a deep meaning, and each person is able to take something of his own out of these words.

Sayings are easy to interpret. A striking example is the following expression: "Der Ball sieht den guten Spieler". Literally translated as "the ball sees a good player." Reminds me of something, doesn't it? True, this is the interpretation of our great “the hunter and the beast runs”.

Each nation is unique and original. German proverbs are part of the local culture. And if you delve into this topic, you can see that many expressions that appeared in Germany have the same or similar meaning with Russians.

Expressions with Russian analogy

So, it is worth listing some German proverbs. One of the most effective is the following: "Adel liegt im Gemüte, nicht im Geblüte". It is translated as follows: “Nobility is not in the blood, but in the soul.” If we talk about famous German proverbs with translation, then this one, perhaps, will be at the very beginning. And there is no need to look for a hidden meaning - it lies on the surface.

We are all well aware of the Russian expression “everything has its time”. Well, the Germans like to say that too. It just sounds different: “All Ding währt seine Zeit”. And “dashing trouble is the beginning”? It is also often used by our people. In Germany it sounds different: “Aller Anfang ist schwer”. True, and translated a little more elegantly: "Any beginning is hard." But the essence is the same, in principle.

“Old age is not a joy” - we hear this regularly. In German, this expression sounds like this: “Alter ist ein schweres Malter”. The translation is different, but the meaning is the same. “Old age is a heavy price” - and it's true.

There is also a very original expression. In our native language, it sounds like this: “Initially, it was called “Long life!”. And the ending sounded like singing at a funeral.” Even the Russian analogy does not need to be cited as an example - everything is already clear. By the way, it sounds like a toast in German: “Am Anfang hiess es “Lebe lang!”. Das Ende klang wie Grabgesang.

Unique Expressions

In principle, whatever one may say, in this or that people there are the same expressions, but they just sound differently, and this is logical. This fact was proved by previous German proverbs with translation.

But Germany has its own zest. In the form of proverbs, analogies of which do not exist in other nations. Here is a vivid example: “Anfang und Ende reichen einander die Hände”. In Russian, it will sound like this: “The beginning and the end are pulling hands towards each other.” Surely this means that the work, ever started, will surely be completed, regardless of the circumstances - no matter how. Quite an interesting expression. “Beredter Mund geht nicht zugrund” - translates as “you will not be lost with eloquence”. Our short definition immediately comes to mind, which is the best fit for some people - “hanging tongue”. In Germany, as in many other countries, they value their native language and believe that the word is capable of much. This is probably where the expression came from.

The phrase “besser zehn Neider denn ein Mitleider” has a special character. It translates as follows: "10 envious people are better than 1 sympathizer." This proverb immediately demonstrates the character of the native Germans. And confirms their strength of mind. The meaning of the phrase is obvious. Indeed, it is better to endure the envy of others than sympathy. If they envy, then there is something. And sympathy for many means pity. Not the best feeling.

Expressions with financial meaning

Germany is a rich country. There are many wealthy and successful people there. It may be a paradox, but many German proverbs have a meaning in themselves, meaning that wealth is good and one should strive for it. Unlike the Russian ones, “poverty is not a vice”, “it is not a shame to be poor”, etc. There is no need to draw conclusions - it is enough just to compare the standard of living and the number of unemployed. For example, this phrase is a good example: “Armut ist fürs Podagra gut”. It translates as "poverty promotes gout." Everyone knows that this is a terrible disease, a real mutilation of the human body. So the meaning is clear.

"Dem Armen wird immer das Ärgste zuteil". The meaning of this saying is approximately that the worst evil constantly falls to the lot of the beggar. Another expression meaning that "laziness pays with poverty." which, unfortunately, not everyone understands. More precisely, they do not fully realize it. In German it sounds like this: “Faulheit lohnt mit Armut”. And one more motivating proverb: "Unglück trifft nur die Armen". Its meaning lies in the fact that troubles always come only to the poor.

And these are just some of the examples. No wonder people in Germany aspire to wealth. It is possible that the values ​​of wealth and wealth were laid down a very long time ago, and the above may have played a role in this.

The wisdom of the great

Talking about German proverbs with a translation into Russian, one cannot but note the attention of the expressions belonging to the great philosophers, writers and other famous personalities of Germany.

So, for example, Johann Goethe once said: “Ein Mensch sein heißt ein Kämpfer sein”, which meant “to be a man means to be a fighter”. And he said it right. After all, all people daily face problems, obstacles, troubles, troubles that they have to solve. And no matter how many there are, there is no way out. We need to deal with everything, albeit through force. Isn't this a fight? The same theme is also touched upon in his other catchphrase, which sounds like this: “Nur der verdient sich Freiheit wie das Leben, der täglich sie erobern muss”. And the meaning is this: only that person is worthy of life and freedom, who daily fights for them.

And Nietzsche introduced such a concept as “umwertung aller Werte”. That is "revaluation of values". Here and so everything is clear - he meant that people sometimes attach too much importance to something.

Marx and Engels are also well-known people who wrote a lot of statements. Although these are not German sayings and proverbs with translation, they also deserve attention. "Das Sein bestimmt das Bewusstsein" "Die Arbeit hat den Menschen geschaffen" ("Work made man"), "Das Rad der Geschichte zurückdrehen" ("To turn back the wheel of history") are just a few popular aphorisms belonging to them.

I would like to complete the topic of celebrity statements with the saying of Heinrich Heine. In the native language of the publicist and poet, it sounded like this: “Ein Kluger bemerkt alles. Ein Dummer macht über alles eine Bemerkung.” And the essence of the saying is that a reasonable person notices absolutely everything. A fool draws conclusions only on the basis of a single case.

Subtle expressions

Many unique German proverbs and sayings carry a very subtle meaning. And this is what makes them remarkable. For example: “Wenn man auch schief sitzt, so muss man doch gerade sprechen.” The translation is that even if a person sits crookedly, he should always speak straight. The wisdom “man wird zu schnell alt und zu spät gescheit” also has a good meaning. And it consists in the following: people age too quickly and grow wiser too late. Also relevant. “Keine Antwort ist auch eine Antwort” - the main idea of ​​this expression is that if there is no answer, then it is still an answer. Paradox, but it happens. The phrase “wer viel fragt, der viel irrt” contains a rather topical meaning. Its meaning is simple. And it lies in the fact that the person who asks too much and often, just in fact, was often mistaken.

Well, all of the above is just a small fraction of those expressions, wisdom and proverbs that the people of Germany can boast of. And if you think about each one, it may seem that many words that have become entrenched in German culture are really not just letters, but something that influenced the formation of the characters, values ​​and ideas of the Germans.