AT recent times Rats are increasingly being kept as pets. And no wonder: these are very smart animals, very devoted to their master. Some, however, are afraid of them and consider them aggressive. And completely in vain, because rats are mostly funny and smart. So, let's figure out how to draw a rat.
Let's start with general forms. It is necessary to depict two circles, one is large and the other is smaller. The smaller circle is immediately divided into four equal parts.
Let's add an elongated front part of the muzzle and two small semicircles - the ears.
Connect the head and body together.
Now we need to outline the legs and a long curved tail. For now it will just be lines.
Let's work with the muzzle: you need to draw a round eye, nostrils and antennae.
And still need to slightly adjust the shape of the ears.
Let's get back to the paws. They are short, neat, with small "fingers". Almost to the very soles of the paws are covered with wool - it also needs to be drawn.
Now the tail. It will be smooth, hairless, and not very thick.
When the contours are outlined, you can remove the auxiliary shapes and lines. This must be done carefully - the main contour must remain in place.
Let's move on to shading. First, let's lay our own shadows - very easily, without pressure.
Then we will lay the main tone. Well, if the shading is not very neat - this way the structure of the coat will be better visible. Still need to depict a falling shadow.
Done, our drawing is fully completed. For a better understanding of the lesson, you can watch this video.
Now we will draw a rat. To do this, we need pencils of different softness, I use 4H, 2B and 6B. You can draw with one pencil, you just need to adjust the pressure on it. I had a white rat with red eyes, I loved her very much. She lived for about 3 years, then she developed a tumor, and six months later she set off to travel the eternal circle of samsara. They say that rats are smart, I won’t say that she was smart with me, but she was very grateful and loved to play, and more than anything in the world she loved to eat and eat. It’s a pity that they live so little, it hurts so much to part with their beloved “person”. Now let's start drawing a rat with a pencil and step by step.
Step 1. The outline I draw hard pencil, I don’t press hard so that you can erase the lines, otherwise when you press hard, the stripes remain. We draw the contour of the head, muzzle, nose and eyes of the rat. Then we draw a stick, for which the rat will hold on to the handles. Click on the image to enlarge the image.
Step 2. We draw lines in more detail, draw lines for the direction of the rat's hair around the eyes, on the forehead. We draw fingers at a rat.
Step 3. Now I have taken soft pencil 2B and, where there was a contour, erase with an eraser and draw parallel lines- wool, look at the picture.
Step 4. Now we draw hair on the head of the rat. How to do it. Let's start with the forehead. Lightly paint over the entire forehead (option 1), then I smeared it with my finger (you don’t need to smear it for a long time, so, once or twice and you’re done (option 2)). Then we apply lines on top (option 3), below it is a diluted example. Only we all do it in the direction of the wool, click on the next picture, there is already a rat. We do.
Step 5. Now draw the other part of the rat's face in the same way. We barely noticeably paint over the muzzle and the nose a little bit, leaving the area near the nose and on top of the nose untouched.
Step 6. Next, we refine the head of the rat in the same way. And since my finger is already covered in pencil, I just made a base for the body - I rubbed it. We draw the fingers of the rat. We also begin to draw a stick, making dark strokes from the edges, then a little lighter (to see how to draw the trunk in detail -).
Step 7. We make strokes in the direction of the wool, a lot of strokes, smearing a little for uniformity, so that the background is gray.
Rat smile
Rats - amazing creatures. Not only was their appearance on the planet far ahead of the appearance of man, but it is also a powerful competitor to man in terms of the ability to laugh. Undoubtedly the most beautiful rat in the world and has the most attractive, radiant smile.
In order to keep a charming smile, even the most beautiful rat in the world has to behave in exactly the same way as its less attractive relatives. Rats have to constantly chew on something in order to grind down the teeth that grow throughout the rat's life.
A rat named Bug
Which of the rats was recognized as the most funny and cute? Despite the fact that there are no rat beauty contests, Jessica Florence's pet was recognized as the owner of the most charming muzzle. A rat named Bug was put on a pedestal after Jessica posted pictures on Twitter in which Bug looks cute from her loose hair, then rests in the palm of her mistress.
“There are millions of similar photos!” - Says the one who has not seen the picture of Bug, who fell asleep in an embrace with a tiny teddy bear.
Or another shot, which also shows Bug and a bear cub, but the proportions of the “rat-toy” are now reversed. Here he is, the sweetest rat named Bug - handsome, naughty, lovely sleepyhead and, undoubtedly, the most beautiful rat in the world.
Rat from Papua New Guinea
By the way, the largest rat in the world became known to man only after it appeared in the frame. A colossal rodent accidentally got into the frame, and this was the beginning of the glory of a whole species of these peculiar animals. As small as a dog and just as smart, this rat is native to Papua New Guinea. The first specimen discovered hit the lens during filming on the slope of the Bosavi mountain.
This type of rat has not yet acquired its own name - too little time has passed since the discovery. Large, over 80 cm long rats are used locals as a tasty addition to the diet. Our compatriots at the sight of this giant would feel uncomfortable. Most of all, Guinea rats are similar to our garbage rats, and do not cause bouts of hunger at all.
About rats.
Rats are one of the oldest animals on the planet Earth: they have existed for almost 50 million years. These representatives of rodents live everywhere: from countries with a tropical climate to continents with permafrost.
Some scientists have put forward the theory that rats could be the root cause of the extinction of dinosaurs, arguing this with the assumption that rats exterminated eggs. Perhaps all their eggs were eaten by rodents, or most of, which led to low level populations and eventually extinction. A similar thing happened in the last century, when all the eggs of frogs were eaten by these animals in Ireland.
Nowadays, rats that overflow the dungeons of big cities live and breed without losing their population even due to constant human poisoning and other methods of destruction.
Thanks to the sense of smell, the rat is able to detect even a small percentage of a toxic substance in food. Because of this, it is very difficult for people to poison them. On the day they can cover about 40 - 50 kilometers in search of food, reaching speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour.
These rodents are distinguished by a special intelligence. Even representatives of the ancient tribes mentioned these animals as the most intelligent and cunning inhabitants of the planet.
Rats are animals that live in clans of up to 200 individuals. Their body length can reach 50 centimeters, while their weight is 0.5 kilograms.
In an aggressive state, this animal is able to pounce on a person, jumping to a height of 70 - 80 centimeters.
The teeth of rats, like those of other representatives of rodents, are constantly growing, so it is vital for them to constantly gnaw on hard objects, grinding down their incisors. A rat can gnaw through not only wood or plastic, but also concrete, as well as metal. Because of these pests big cities sewer and water pipes often suffer.
These representatives of rodents communicate using ultrasonic signals that are inaccessible to human perception. Depending on the situation and the content of the "message", rats change the frequency. Thus, relatives can receive a signal about the location of food or about the threat of danger. Scientists have revealed the fact that they can not only send messages, but also laugh using a certain sound. With the help of a special device, a “laughter” was detected, more reminiscent of a “chirp” emitted by a rat at the moment when it was tickled.
These rodents have an excellent memory. Scientists several times set up an experiment in which the rat had to get through the maze. After some time, she was again forced to perform the same task, but blindfolded. The result has always been amazing: the animal has never gone astray, having reached the goal the first time.
The rat is one of the hardiest creatures on earth. Each individual is able to stay without water longer than all mammals; fall off high altitude and not break; get food from the bottom of the reservoir; stay in the water for up to 3 days, while breaking 30 kilometers.
Everyone knows that rats are carriers of dangerous infections that they themselves do not get sick, but the stress that these animals are exposed to often harms their body.
About a hundred rat pups per year can be born by a female rat. Often the cubs become food for relatives, but the population does not decrease because of this. There is a claim that there are 2 rats for every person.
Thanks to intelligence and extraordinary endurance, these rodents live on earth for long millions of years, and it is unlikely that a person will be able to intervene in their life, because the experience of rat survival is in many ways superior to that of humans.
Nobody knows when people first got acquainted with rats, this animal always lives next to us.
The rat belongs to mammals, to the order - rodents, suborder - murine. The most common animal is the rat on the planet.
The appearance of the rat, description and characteristics
The body of the rat is oval and stocky. The body of the animal is from 8 cm to 30 cm, weighing up to 500 g, there are small ones weighing 37 grams.
The eyes and ears are small, the muzzle is sharp and elongated. Is the tail longer than the size of the body of a rat, without hair or covered with fine hair? not noticeable human eye(a variety of black rats has a tail with a thick coat of hair). In the world there is a variety of short-tailed rodents.
The teeth of the rat are located tightly to each other in rows and are designed for chewing food. These animals are omnivorous, differ from other predators in the absence of fangs and diastema - this is the area on the gums where there are no teeth.
There are no tooth roots, so growth occurs continuously throughout the life of the rat. For convenience, they need to constantly grind their teeth otherwise she will not be able to close her mouth.
The teeth are strong with hard yellow enamel, which makes it easy to gnaw through concrete, cement and various hard metals.
The body of the rodent is covered with thick, dense hair from guard hairs. The color scheme of the color is varied, gray with different shades of dark or light, red, orange and even yellow.
These amazing animals have movable toes on their paws, so they easily climb trees and prepare nests in hollows for living.
Rats are very active and mobile animals run 17 km a day, jump up to 1 meter in height. They swim well, are not afraid of water and can fish.
Rats often turn their heads in different sides because they have a small viewing angle, the world seen in gray tones.
Hearing functions perfectly, rats distinguish sounds with a frequency of up to 40 kHz (humans up to 20 kHz).
Life expectancy from 1 year to 3 years. Under laboratory conditions, rats can live twice as long.
The difference between rats and mice
Rats and mice are representatives of the same suborder, but they differ significantly in appearance and behavior.
The body of a mouse is small, up to 20 cm, weighing up to 50 grams, rats are twice as large, they are dense and muscular, weighing up to 900 grams.
Pronounced distinctive forms heads and eyes, in mice it is triangular and slightly flattened with big eyes, in rats, the muzzle is elongated with small eyes.
A strong body, powerful fingers on the paws allow rats to jump high up to 1 meter, mice cannot do such tricks.
Mice are a cowardly animal and are afraid to get into people's eyes, but rats are not embarrassed, they can protect themselves. There are many cases where they attacked a person.
Rats are omnivorous, eating meat and plant foods. Mice, on the contrary, prefer cereal crops, seeds more.
Rat habitat and lifestyle
Large rats live all over the world, except for Antarctica and the polar regions. They live in groups, rarely live alone.
Most often, groups consist of hundreds of individuals with one male at the head and two or three females. The territory of residence for each group has its own length of up to 2 thousand square meters.
The diet depends on the habitat. Omnivorous rats eat about 25 grams of food per day, but without water it’s hard for them daily rate moisture up to 35 ml.
Gray rats mainly feed on protein foods of animal origin, small rodents, toads, and chicks.
Black rats prefer food of plant origin: green plants, nuts, fruits, cereals.
Rats are wary of pigs, hedgehogs, ferrets, dogs and cats - these are the main land enemies. Among birds, the rodents of the hawk, the owl, the eagle and the kite are feared and wary.
Reproduction and lifespan of rats
There is no mating season for rats, they can breed all year round. But the peak of sexual activity comes in the spring-summer. The female mates with different males, the pregnancy in rats lasts up to 24 days, the lactating female carries the cubs up to 34 days.
In advance, rats prepare nests, for the birth of offspring they cover the bottom with soft grass, cloth, paper. The cubs appear naked and blind. At birth of the dead rats, their mother devours them, the number at birth can be up to 20.
The male can eat all the offspring, if there are non-viable rat pups, he does not take part in caring for them. The female, on the contrary, conducts reverent care, feeds with milk, licks the babies and cleans the nest from debris.
After 17 days, little rat pups open their eyes, and a month later they lead a full-fledged lifestyle on their own. After 3-4 months, puberty occurs, they can multiply 6 months after birth. Life expectancy up to two years.
Gray rats breed up to 8 times a year, but black ones only in the warm season. To date, experts have calculated that there are 2 rats per person in the world.
Why are rats dangerous?
Rats are a problem for all mankind. They gnaw through the walls in the basements of houses, sewer pipes, harm electrical mains, damage crops.
Rats are carriers of more than 20 infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, plague, salmonellosis, pseudotuberculosis and others. Many are dangerously fatal to human life.
It is difficult to exterminate rats with chemicals, because the animal's body quickly adapts to the poison and develops a protective immunity to toxins.
Rats are a pet
Rats are the perfect pets. They are quickly tamed to a person, they recognize their owner by the face.
Neat and clean animals do not require special care. They will give their owner a lot of funny moments, it is very interesting to watch them.
But the owner of a domestic rat should not forget that this is a social animal and it is difficult for them to live alone. A rat definitely needs a pair, otherwise a mental disorder may develop.
Variety of rats, name and photo
There are about 70 species of rat in the world, most of which are poorly understood, below are the common types of rodents with brief description and a photo of a rat.
The gray rat (pasyuk) is one of the large varieties up to 25 cm long, the tail is not taken into account. Weight from 140 grams to 390 grams, with a wide elongated muzzle. The coat of young animals is gray with age, becoming orange in color. It lives near water, in dense vegetation and digs holes up to 5 meters.
The black rat is smaller than the gray rat, with a much smaller muzzle and rounded ears. Body length up to 22 cm, weight about 300 grams. A significant difference of this species of rodents is the tail, which is densely covered with hair and 4-5 times longer than the size of the body.
Lives in Asia, Africa and Europe. For a long time can live without water, so it lives in arid places. The coat is black with a green tint.
The small rat differs from its counterparts in size. Body length up to 15 cm maximum with body weight up to 80 grams. It has a brown coat color, a sharp muzzle and inconspicuous small ears. The tail is as long as the body, without signs of hair. Lives in Southeast Asia.
The long-haired rat is distinguished by its long hair and high activity. Males grow up to 18 cm, and females up to 16 cm in length. The tail is smaller in size from the body by 4-5 cm. Habitat in arid deserts.
The Turkestan rat lives in China, Nepal, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan. The coat is red, the abdomen is pale yellow, the body length is up to 23 cm. This variety is similar to gray, but has a denser body and a broad head in size.
Black-tailed rat or rabbit. It has an average size of up to 22 cm, weight about 190 grams.
An interesting feature of this type of tail is a tuft of wool at the tip.
The back is painted in gray and Brown color with conspicuous black hairs.
They live in Australia and New Guinea mainly in eucalyptus forests, dense grass and shrubs. Lead active image life at night, and during the day they hide in burrows.
Interesting and informative facts about the life of rats
In India, there is a Karni Mata temple where rats are revered, cared for and protected. In case of violation of the rules for caring for a sacred animal and killing it, this person is obliged to bring a golden statuette in the form of a rat to the temple.
In some American states it is forbidden to hit a rat with a baseball bat, for this there is a fine of 1000 US dollars.
In Asian and African countries, rats are considered a worthy delicacy for a festive dinner. Rat meat is considered a delicacy.
In a year, a gray rat eats up to 12 kg of various cereal products. Experts have calculated that about 6 kg of the harvest of one farmer is spent annually on the food of one rat.
