Homework for the lesson:
1). Analysis of episodes. Aspect - the lessons of the fathers.
2). Prepare a set of questions specifically for each episode. Consider ways to compare.
Table filled in during the lesson:
“How does Tolstoy, the writer, prove his idea: there is no moral core in parents - it will not be in children either”?
Fathers and sons... The theme is eternal, covering our entire life: social, family, personal. It contains everything that happens to us. The relationship of fathers and children, perhaps, is able to most fully and comprehensively reveal the complex “world” of human ties.
In the novel “War and Peace”, the theme of the family is of particular importance, but today we are not interested in the family as such, but in the lessons that parents teach their children, and the shoots that these lessons give.
The purpose of our lesson is to trace, as Tolstoy proves, his thought: there is no moral core in parents - it will not be in children either.
Certain episodes in the homework were selected for analysis.
In the course of work, new definitions regarding the heroes in these episodes will fit into the table.
Episode No. 1 - “Departure of Andrei Bolkonsky to the war”
What is the significance of this episode?
The fact that it most clearly shows the relationship in the Bolkonsky family. Moral guidelines and their origin, psychology and characters of heroes become clear.
This episode raises questions such as:
- the relationship of children (brother and sister) with each other.
- relationship between children and their father.
- moral standards, the inner content of the characters.
The main distinguishing feature of the Bolkonskys?
"A proud conscience"
Let's stop at the page where the elder Bolkonsky says goodbye to his son.
What lessons does the elder Bolkonsky teach his children? Andrew?
With what feeling does the father send Andrey to the war?
With joy! Joy for what?
For the fact that the son fulfills his duty. The service (in the high sense of the word) for the disgraced father is continued by the son.
Hurried son.
How does senior Bolkonsky understand service? What in the image of this hero reveals the concept of service?
Serve, not serve. But to serve not as Ippolit, to whom his father secured the post of ambassador in Vienna, and not as an adjutant to some, albeit important, but insignificant person, like Berg, Boris Drubetskoy, but under Kutuzov himself. Although, being an adjutant with anyone is not in the traditions of the Bolkonskys.
How do the words “adjutant” and “service” correlate in the understanding of the senior Bolkonsky?
“Bad position!” - the old prince does not hide his antipathies. The adjutant, according to his concepts, is a footman who makes a career, and service is a risk, a danger.
In a letter, he asks Kutuzov to use his son in “good places”.
What do these “good places” mean for the old prince?
Not in adjutants, but, for example, on Tushin's battery.
How should the son serve according to the father?
Not out of mercy! "When it will be good." (Kutuzov).
"Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky's son will not serve out of mercy."
After all, not Kutuzov will eventually serve as a son, but Russia!
Adjutant of Russia!
What does the word “thank you” repeated four times by the father mean?
Thanks to the son from the father and the general that he preferred war to the secular world.
What kind of struggle is going on in the soul of the old prince at the moment of parting? Details?
The struggle of the father and the citizen with the victory of the latter.
Better hurt than embarrassed.
“Pride of thought” prevents both of them from revealing the full depth of their experiences.
Does his father's cocky stunt explain much of his mental struggle? What?
- “Something” is tears;
- Beloved son.
Prove that Andrei Bolkonsky respects his father immensely and has an urgent need to communicate with him?
- Admiration and understanding of his father's education in political affairs, self-education.
- Please take your son with you in case of his death.
He had never received such a compliment in his entire life. This is not just a high assessment of the father's human qualities, but also the sons' love for him, expressed, like everything that Andrei does, in a masculine stern and restrained way.
What is typical for the communication of the Bolkonsky children among themselves?
- Relationships.
- Image donated by Marya.
- Talk about the father and a complete understanding of his position.
- The moral foundations of the Bolkonsky family, according to the author, are the main component.
- None of the fathers in the novel speaks smarter and more concisely with their children than Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky.
- The elder Bolkonsky brings up his children.
- The Bolkonskys are a family where they bring up real men who know their worth.
- Prince Andrei would never have ended up in Dolokhov's company and would not have lost to him at cards, he simply, probably, would not even have taken them in his hands.
Analysis of episode No. 2 “The loss of Nikolai Rostov”.
If one father escorts his son to almost certain death and is proud of it, then the other father - Count Rostov - saves his son from certain death.
Let's get into this page.
- How are the two characters in this scene acting?
- What lesson did Count Rostov teach his son?
- Details, words, gestures!
The father "in Tolstoy's way" instantly guessed the mental confusion of his son behind the mock bravado. You need to know your Nikolenka in order to immediately understand what the “word of honor” cost, which he gave his father (not to ask for money) and did not keep.
He lost not money, but himself.
Who lost? Why does the father leave his question unanswered?
Guessed whose victim was his son. He was deceived, tricked, “punished”. A cheater mocked him, before that, by the way, he had ceased to visit the Rostovs' house.
What does this scene give in the understanding of the “Rostov breed”?
Without reproach and reproach, the hand of the father is extended to the son. He not only saves Nikolai from shame and misfortune, but with his generosity, forgiveness and understanding reveals the true meaning and meaning of the father, who is able to fill his relatives with spiritual ones. “Tomorrow” will be a special day for Nikolai, and maybe a whole era in his life. Now, no matter what he does, his officer, noble and filial “word of honor” will no longer be just a word - it will be a conscious, responsible act.
Therefore, many were drawn to them, because an atmosphere of kindness and sincerity reigned in their family!
Here it is - the main capital of the Rostovs.
Analysis of episode No. 3 “Wooing of Anatole”
While the father, Bolkonsky, saw off his son to the war and was proud of it, the other father, Prince Vasily Kuragin, sought to hide his son from the war as far as possible.
With what thoughts will Anatole come to the Bolkonskys?
- Marriage.
- Have fun, waiting for eccentricities from Prince Bolkonsky.
How did Prince Vasily manifest himself as a father?
Just as immoral as always (the son serves no one knows where, if only somewhere in a warm place.)
What is the son teaching? How to behave?
Be respectful. A lot depends on this.
Why is the elder Bolkonsky demanding of his daughter to the point of despotism?
The key to the puzzle is in the words: “But I don’t want you to look like our stupid young ladies.”
The source of human vices is idleness and superstition. Mind and activity are needed. That's why Marya teaches mathematics.
Ugly means you have to be smart. “Who will take her out of love?”
What details confirm the mind and foresight of the prince?
(Anatole and Bourienne, looks, gestures).
What is important to the prince in the groom for his daughter?
To be worthy of her.
In what scenes will the feeling of fatherhood manifest itself with particular force in the elder Bolkonsky?
The impossibility of being separated from his daughter pushes him to desperate acts, vicious, bilious, "... there is nothing to disfigure yourself - and so bad."
He is offended by the courtship of the Kuragins “for his daughter”, because he loves her more than himself.
What qualities does Mary demonstrate?
- Dreams of love, does not even suspect anything bad.
- She doesn't tend to do that.
- He does not see anything strange in the behavior of Anatole and Bourien, he thinks that this is from love for her.
- Ready to forgive Bourien for meanness.
- The main thing in Marya is “radiant eyes”. Dignity is the main feature of her character.
Life goal?
“The vocation is to be happy with the happiness of love and self-sacrifice. Think about the honor and dignity of the Bolkonsky family.
Spiritual Marya could only be born in the family of Prince Bolkonsky.
The father understands how rich the spiritual world of his daughter is, knows how beautiful she could be in moments of emotional excitement. Therefore, the arrival and courtship of the Kuragins, this “mean, heartless breed,” is so painful for him.
How do Kuragins experience the shame of matchmaking?
Easy "With a cheerful smile, Anatole bowed to Princess Mary, as if inviting her to laugh at this joke."
The awkward, ugly Marya outdid the cheeky and self-confident secular womanizer, gave him a good lesson. She preferred to remain the daughter of Prince Bolkonsky, and not the wife of Anatole Kuragin.
Analysis of episode No. 4 "Helen's Name Day".
Prince Vasily will continue the theme of caring for his children in the episode in which he "marries" his daughter to Bezukhov's millions. This quiet “home” page of the novel plays an important role.
Why is the home world of the Kuragins almost absent from the novel?
Because of their lack of spirituality. Receptions, dinners, meetings, Prince Vasily arranges only for business reasons. Out of profit.
What impression does the interior of the Kuragins' house make?
Shine, shine. Everything is fake. (Interior analysis)
Why is Prince Vasily so concerned? Details?
"Today everything will be decided." Don't let Pierre out of your hands.
How does the behavior of Prince Vasily change depending on the circumstances?
Smiling, strictly interrogative, affectionate, resolute, unpleasant, gloomy.
How does Pierre feel?
- Shame!
- Prince Vasily is ready for anything for the sake of money. Comment on his decisive step.
- How a good artist knows how to play a role, to get emotional. Having played the engagement scene, he even shed a tear. A masterfully played role.
What proves the kinship of souls between Prince Vasily and his daughter?
The same unnatural, deceitful.
Mother's role?
She was tormented by envy of her daughter's happiness.
They are alien to Tolstoy's ethics. Selfish, closed only on themselves. Empty flowers. Nothing will be born from them, because in a family one must be able to give warmth and care to others.
So, on the examples of the episodes chosen for analysis, we were able to verify the correctness of the author's idea about the unconditional determining role of "father's" education in the development of "children".
Tolstoy's immortal novel provides food for thought for many generations.
Homework:
1). Write an essay on the topic:
a) What do I accept in the education of the younger generation in the novel "War and Peace" and what do I reject;
b) What lessons in raising the younger generation would I like to embody in my family (current or future).
2). Prepare for a debate: "In what family would I like to be brought up."
The world of fathers in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" and received the best answer
Answer from Yörgey Bolshakov[guru]
The main conflict of the novel lies in the clash of two "generations" of Russian society: the noble and the raznochin-democratic.
The representative of the younger generation in the novel is the commoner Bazarov, who preaches nihilism - the doctrine of the denial of all principles taken for granted. His ideological opponent in the dispute is Fr. The Kirsanovs, to / s, represent the best part of the nobility of that time.
We meet Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov on the first page of the novel. “A gentleman of about forty years old, in a dusty coat and plaid trousers ...” - this is how its author draws. Nikolai Petrovich has an estate of 200 souls, which he calls a “farm.” He turned out to be a bad landowner, despite the fact that he is leading the economy in a new way and “disengaged himself from the peasants.” He is a loving father, and sincerely rejoices at the arrival of his son. “For once, I waited for Arkasha ... I haven’t had time to see enough of him since yesterday.” During his life with his son in St. Petersburg, the father tries to make acquaintances with young comrades, but he does not understand the hobbies of Arkady Bazarov and his ideas. “But reject poetry? he thought again. - Do not sympathize with art, nature? ”
Nikolai Petrovich loves to dream, reads Pushkin, plays the cello and admires nature - in a word, he lives with feelings. And Bazarov ridicules this: “It's an amazing thing .. - these old romantics! They will develop the nervous system in themselves to irritation ... Well, the balance is off.”
Nikolai P., unlike his brother Pavel P., has a gentle character, he forgives Bazarov a lot and even defends him: “No, brother, don’t say that: Bazarov is smart and knowledgeable.”
Pavel P. is in many respects the opposite of his brother. He, a former secular lion, also lives by feelings. But if love gives Nikolai Petrovich happiness and the meaning of life, then in the fate of Pavel P., love for Princess R. played a fatal role. He is also distinguished from his brother by such qualities as arrogance, arrogance, mockery.
Pavel P. is an aristocrat to the core. Always impeccably dressed and shaved, perfumed with magnificent cologne. The author describes Kirsanov's elder brother as follows:
“... A man of medium height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots... He looked to be about 45 years old; his beautifully cut gray hair shone with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually attractive and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of a remarkable beauty ... ”
Pavel P. takes Slavophile positions, but at the same time he dresses in an English suit, and when talking with the peasants, “wrinkles his face and sniffs cologne.” In the neighborhood, he is considered proud, but respected for his magnificent manners. Pavel P. teases “old-style landlords with liberal antics” and does not get close to the younger generation.
In disputes, Bazarov easily defeats the Kirsanovs, who cannot give a fitting rebuff to the younger generation in the person of Bazarov, an energetic and knowledgeable person who ironically refers to the “old Kirsanovs”. He considers Uncle Arkady an “archaic phenomenon”, and Nikolai P. - "retired person".
Bazarov’s views do not stand the test of love, he indignantly feels that the “romance” he had previously denied is taking over in him. The hero dies by a stupid accident, having gone through a crisis of his previously so strong worldview.
Who won the dispute? Who will Arkady, a young member of the nobility, follow?
But he chose a life like his father's. Blood ties were stronger than any nihilism. He marries, manages the estate, continuing the work of his father.
Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons" showed that the nobility ceases to be an advanced class in society. A new force is emerging in Russia, whose name is nihilism. But the author does not see anything positive in this force, but only one destruction and denial, which lead to nothing good. At the same time, Bazarov is sympathetic to both the author and the reader with his energy, diligence, determination, devotion to his convictions.
The relationship between the “old” and “new” generations is a topic that almost all classics of literature touch upon in their works, and L. N. Tolstoy was no exception. In "War and Peace" one can trace the whole chain of the formation of children under the auspices of their fathers, starting from an early age and ending with the last minutes of life.
- The Rostov family is Tolstoy's ideal, in which he embodied all the moral characteristics. Count Rostov is a simple-hearted and generous man who is ready to help his children, no matter what: he repaid his son's card debt without reproach and even satisfied the desire of the youngest child to go to war. Thanks to this, the relationship between children and parents is built on mutual respect and trust, manifested in the desire to help each other and accept the choice of each. For example, it is interesting to trace the development of the love triangle between Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky and Helen Kuragina's brother Anatole. An unspoken rule reigns in the Rostov family: “Do as your heart tells you” - this is the principle that all family members adhere to. Therefore, Natasha is condemned only because she was going to leave her parents and run away, and not because she chose another man. Nikolai Rostov, for example, left a prestigious university to go to war - this is where he sees his main purpose. Parents also did not argue, respecting the will of the young man. This is the ideal relationship between fathers and children, where harmony reigns, based on mutual respect.
- The family of Andrei Nikolaevich Bolkonsky is an example of the Russian intelligentsia, which combines all its features: nobility, wealth, influence and strict morals. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky considers himself "the first", and therefore the main one - it is on his decision that the fate of his children depends: Andrei and Maria. And if Andrei tries in every possible way to separate from his father, then Princess Marya got used to her life under the auspices of a domestic tyrant. It is the princess who in the majority suffers from the selfishness of her father and his constant nit-picking of herself: he does not see “worthy” people for his exceptional children, and therefore ruins their right to their own family. Brother and sister seem to readers closed and unable to open their souls - this is a prejudice: they hide their true feelings only because their father raised them that way. Thus, the fate of the child depends on the upbringing of parents, so the mistakes of the older generation always affect the youth.
- Anatole and Helen Kuragin belong to a well-known family in St. Petersburg, headed by Prince Vasily Kuragin. The elder Kuragin is a cynical, mean and cunning person who, despite these qualities, takes care of his children, trying to “attach” them to the most successful people. Anatole - to serve in the regiment, and Helen - to rich "suitors". Thanks to the upbringing of such a person as Vasily, both Helen and Anatole grew up to be dishonorable and vile people, ready to do anything for their own happiness, despite the misfortune of others. The Kuragin family is a collective image of everything that the author condemns in the nobility. For the sake of material prosperity, it costs nothing for the heroes to destroy the family - the basis of society and the state. It is obvious that bad behavior will be hereditary, and the only way to stop it is public control over the formation of youth.
- The secondary character in the novel "War and Peace" is the old Count Kirill Bezukhov, who has an illegitimate son, Pierre. Readers know practically nothing about the life of the count, except that he was very rich - it is this property and title that Pierre receives after the death of his father. Many noble families are involved in the struggle for his inheritance, and only Pierre is indifferent to everything: he sincerely suffers from the death of a loved one who loved him very much. It is the compassion and love that Pierre possesses that make him truly rich - this is a kind of “inheritance” that he received from his father, who is liberal about his serfs. Obviously, the role of fathers in shaping the younger generation cannot be underestimated. It is they who are responsible for what awaits the country in the future. And for their positive contribution to the education of new people, they deserve respect.
- The bright noble Drubetsky family is considered one of the "smallest" families in terms of the number of people, but "big" in value. Princess Anna Drubetskaya is a widow whose only “consolation” is her son, Boris. The character of the princess was completely transferred to her heir: Boris is just as prudent, cunning and practical, and therefore dangerous, because in order to achieve his own goals, he is ready to go to intrigue and humiliation. And if Anna Drubetskaya “begs” for a good position for the sake of her son, forgetting about her own pride, then Boris marries the ugly Julie Kuragina for the sake of her own wealth and position. It is obvious that the child takes an example from the parents, so the vices of the father and mother are reflected in it. He can get rid of a bad inheritance, but often people prefer to go with the flow and not change anything in themselves. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
The main conflict of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” lies in the ideological clash of two “generations” of Russian society: the noble and the raznochin-democratic.
The representative of the younger generation in the novel is the commoner Yevgeny Bazarov, who preaches nihilism - the doctrine of the denial of all principles taken for granted. His ideological opponent in the ideological dispute are the Kirsanov brothers, who, according to the author himself, represent the best part of the nobility of that time.
We meet Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov on the first page of the novel. “A gentleman of about forty years old, in a dusty coat and plaid trousers ...” - this is how its author draws. Nikolai Petrovich has an estate of two hundred souls, which he calls a "farm." He turned out to be an unimportant landowner, despite the fact that he is managing the economy in a new way and “disengaged himself from the peasants.” He is a gentle and loving father, sincerely rejoices at the arrival of his son. “For once, I waited for Arkasha ... I haven’t had time to see enough of him since yesterday.” During his life with his son in St. Petersburg, the father tries to make acquaintances with young comrades, but he does not understand the hobbies of Arkady Bazarov and his ideas. “But reject poetry? he thought again. - Do not sympathize with art, nature?
Nikolai Petrovich loves to dream, reads Pushkin, plays the cello and admires nature - in a word, he lives with feelings. And Bazarov makes fun of this: “An amazing thing ... - these old romantics! They will develop the nervous system in themselves to the point of irritation ... well, the balance is disturbed.
Nikolai Petrovich, unlike his brother Pavel Petrovich, has a gentle character, he forgives Bazarov a lot and even defends him: “No, brother, don’t say that: Bazarov is smart and knowledgeable.”
Pavel Petrovich is in many ways the opposite of his brother. He, a former secular lion, also lives by feelings. But if love gives Nikolai Petrovich happiness and the meaning of life, then in the fate of Pavel Petrovich love for Princess R. played a fatal role. Distinguish him from his brother and such qualities as arrogance, self-confidence and mockery.
Pavel Petrovich is an aristocrat to the core. He is always impeccably dressed and shaved, perfumed with magnificent cologne. The author describes Kirsanov's elder brother as follows:
“... A man of medium height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather boots ... He looked to be forty-five years old; his beautifully cut gray hair shone with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually attractive and clean, as if chiseled with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of a remarkable beauty...”
Pavel Petrovich takes Slavophile positions, but at the same time he dresses in an English suit, and when talking with the peasants, “wrinkles his face and sniffs cologne.” In the neighborhood, he is considered proud, but respected for his magnificent manners. Pavel Petrovich teases “old-style landowners with liberal antics” and does not get close to the representatives of the younger generation.
In disputes, Bazarov easily defeats the Kirsanovs, who cannot give a worthy rebuff to the younger generation in the person of Bazarov, an energetic and knowledgeable person who ironically treats the “old Kirsanovs”. He considers Uncle Arkady "an archaic phenomenon", and Nikolai Petrovich - "a retired person."
Bazarov’s views do not stand the test of love, he indignantly feels that the “romance” he had previously denied is taking over in him. The hero dies by a stupid accident, having gone through a crisis of his previously so strong worldview.
Who won the dispute? Who will Arkady, a young member of the nobility, follow?
But he chose a life like his father's. Blood ties were stronger than any nihilism. He marries, manages the estate, continuing the work of his father.
Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons" showed that the nobility ceases to be an advanced class in society. A new force is emerging in Russia, whose name is nihilism. But the author does not see anything positive in this force, but only one destruction and denial, which lead to nothing good. At the same time, Bazarov is sympathetic to both the author and the reader with his energy, diligence, determination, devotion to his convictions.
