Psychological experiments on people in the USSR. Psychological experiments in the USSR

Death Valley Accusation of the USSR in experiments on people

"Valley of Death" - a documentary story about special uranium camps in the Magadan region. Doctors in this top-secret zone conducted criminal experiments on the brains of prisoners.

Revealing Nazi Germany of genocide, the Soviet government, in deep secrecy, at the state level, put into practice an equally monstrous program. It was in such camps, under an agreement with the VKPB, that Hitler's special brigades were trained and gained experience in the mid-30s.

The results of this investigation were widely covered by many world media. Alexander Solzhenitsin also participated in a special TV show hosted live by the NHK of Japan (by phone).

"Valley of Death" is a rare piece of evidence that captures the true face of Soviet power and its vanguard: VChK-NKVD-MGB-KGB.

Attention! This page shows photographs of a human brain autopsy. Please do not view this page if you are an excitable person, suffer from any form of mental disorder, if you are pregnant or under 18 years of age.

If you line up all the people who "at the call of the party" looked at the sky through the prison bars of the Gulag, then this living tape will stretch to the moon.

I have seen many concentration camps. Both old and new. I spent several years in one of them. Then I studied the history of the camps of the Soviet Union according to archival documents, but I ended up in the most terrible one a year before the moment when the KGB forced me to flee the country. This camp was called "Butugychag", which in translation from the language of Russian northern peoples means "Valley of Death".

Butugychag, where they were not buried, but thrown off a cliff. There were pits dug. Oksana went there when she was free (see). What should be there to surprise a person who has served 10 years! I saw an old man there: he was walking behind the zone, crying. He served 15 years, does not return home, walks here, begging. Said this is your future.

(Nina Hagen-Thorn)

The place got its name when hunters and nomadic tribes of reindeer herders from the families of Egorovs, Dyachkovs and Krokhalevs, roaming along the Detrin River, came across a huge field dotted with human skulls and bones, and when the deer in the herd began to get sick with a strange disease - at first their wool fell out on legs, and then the animals lay down and could not get up. Mechanically, this name passed to the remains of the Beria camps of the 14th branch of the Gulag.

The zone is huge. It took me many hours to cross it from end to end. Buildings or their remains could be seen everywhere: along the main gorge, where the buildings of the enrichment factory stand; in many lateral mountain branches; behind neighboring hills, densely indented with scars of search pits and holes in adits. In the village of Ust-Omchug, closest to the zone, I was warned that it was not safe to walk along the local hills - at any moment you could fall into the old adit.

The well-traveled road ended opposite the uranium enrichment plant, gaping with black gaps in the windows. There is nothing around. The radiation killed every living thing. Only moss grows on black stones. The poet Anatoly Zhigulin, who was sitting in this camp, said that at the furnaces, where water was evaporated from the uranium concentrate after washing on metal trays, the prisoners worked for one or two weeks, after which they died, and new slaves were driven to replace them. That was the level of radiation.

My Geiger counter came to life long before I got to the factory. In the building itself, it crackled without interruption. And when I approached the 23 metal barrels of concentrate that had been left against the outer wall, the danger signal became unbearably loud. Active construction went on here in the early 40s, when the question arose: who would be the first owner of atomic weapons.

From the wooden gate, with handles polished to a shine by the palms of convicts, I pass to the cemetery. Rare sticks stuck between boulders, with plaques-tablets. However, the inscriptions are no longer readable. Bleached, erased their time and wind.

“The other day, two operations were performed in the Magadan hospital during a conditional “gas attack”. The doctors, the medical staff who helped them and the patients put on gas masks. The surgeons Pulleritz and Sveshnikov, nurse Antonova, orderlies Karpenyuk and Terekhina took part in the operation. The first operation was performed by one of the fighters of the border detachment, who had an enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord. Patient K. had his appendix removed. Both operations, together with preparation, took 65 minutes. The first experience in Kolyma of surgeons in gas masks was quite a success. "

Even if during the experiment a gas mask was also put on the patient, then what did the experimenters do with a hole open in the stomach?

So, moving from building to building, from the ruins of complexes obscure to me, concentrated at the bottom of the gorge, I climb to the very top of the ridge, to a solitary standing, intact camp. A piercingly cold wind drives low clouds. Latitude of Alaska. Summer is here, at most, two months a year. And in winter, the frost is such that if you pour water from the second floor, then ice falls to the ground.

Rusty tin cans rumbled underfoot near the soldier's tower. Picked up one. There is also an inscription in English. This is stew. From America for Red Army soldiers at the front. And for the Soviet "internal troops". Did Roosevelt know who he was feeding?

I go into one of the barracks, crowded with bunk beds. Only they are very small. Even crouched, they can not fit. Maybe they are for women? Yes, the size is too small for women. But now, a rubber galosh caught my eye. She lay forlornly under the corner bunks. My God! The galosh fits completely in the palm of my hand. So, these are bunk beds for children! So I went to the other side of the ridge. Here, right behind the "Butugychag", there was a large women's camp "Bacchante", which functioned at the same time.

Remains are everywhere. Here and there fragments, joints of tibia bones come across.

In the burnt ruins, I stumbled upon a chest bone. Among the ribs, a porcelain crucible caught my attention - I worked with such in the biological laboratories of the university. The incomparable, sugary smell of human ashes oozes from under the stones...

"I am a geologist, and I know that the former zone is located in the region of a powerful polymetallic ore cluster. Here, in the interfluve of the Detrin and Tenka, reserves of gold, silver, and cassiterite are concentrated. But Butugychag is also known for the manifestation of radioactive rocks, in particular uranium-bearing. By genus In my work, I have had to visit these places more than once. The enormous strength of the radioactive background is detrimental to all living things here. This is the reason for the tremendous mortality in the zone. Radiation at Butygychag is uneven. Somewhere it reaches a very high, extremely life-threatening level, but there are also places where the background is quite acceptable".

A. Rudnev. 1989

The day of research was over. I had to hurry down, where in the house of a modern power plant, at its caretaker, I found shelter for these days.

Victor, the owner of the house, was sitting on the porch when I wearily approached and sat down beside him.

Where were you, what did you see? he asked monosyllabically.

I told about the uranium factory, the children's camp, the mines.

And what are you looking for?

I narrowed my eyes, looked point-blank at the young master of the house.

Mine, under the letter "C" ...

You won't find. They used to know where it was, but after the war, when the camps began to close, they blew everything up, and all Butugychag's plans disappeared from the geological department. Only the stories that the letter "Ts" was filled to the very top with the corpses of those who were shot remained.

He paused. - Yes, not in the mines, and not in the children's camps, the secret of "Butugychag". There's their secret, - Victor showed his hand in front of him. - Behind the river, you see. There was a laboratory complex. Strongly guarded.

What did they do in it?

And you go tomorrow to the upper cemetery. Look...

But before going to the mysterious cemetery, Victor and I examined the "laboratory complex".

The area is tiny. It was made up of several houses. All of them are diligently destroyed. Blasted to the ground. Only one strong end wall remained standing. It is strange: out of the entire huge number of buildings in "Butugychag", only the "infirmary" was destroyed - it was burned to the ground, yes, this zone.

The first thing I saw were the remains of a powerful ventilation system with characteristic bells. Such systems are equipped with fume hoods in all chemical and biological laboratories. Four rows of barbed wire perimeter stretched around the foundations of the former buildings. It still survives in places. Inside the perimeter are poles with electrical insulators. It seems that a high voltage current was also used to protect the object.

Making my way among the ruins, I remembered the story of Sergei Nikolaev from the village of Ust-Omchug:

“Just before the entrance to Butugychag there was Object No. 14. We didn’t know what they were doing there. But this zone was guarded especially carefully. ". But in order to get to object No. 14, one more was needed - a special pass and with it it was necessary to go through nine checkpoints. Everywhere sentries with dogs. On the hills around - machine gunners: the mouse will not slip through. No. 14 "specially built nearby airfield".

Indeed, a top-secret object.

Yes, the bombers knew their business. There is little left. True, the nearby prison building survived, or, as it is called in the documents of the Gulag, "BUR" - a high-security barrack. It is composed of roughly hewn stone boulders, covered from the inside of the building with a thick layer of plaster. On the remains of the plaster in two chambers, we found the inscriptions scratched with a nail: "30.XI.1954. Evening", "Kill me" and an inscription in Latin script, in one word: "Doctor".

Horse skulls were an interesting find. I counted 11 of them. About five or six lay inside the foundation of one of the blown up buildings.

"I personally visited many enterprises in those years and I know that even for the removal of timber from the hills, for all things, not to mention mountain work, one type of labor was used - the manual labor of prisoners ..." From the answer of the former convict F Bezbabichev to the question of whether

how horses were used in the economy of the camps.

Well, at the dawn of the nuclear age, they might well have been trying to get an anti-radiation serum. And this cause, since the time of Louis Pasteur, it was the horses that served faithfully.

How long ago was that? After all, the Butugychag complex has been well preserved. The bulk of the camps in the Kolyma were closed after the "exposure" and execution of their godfather - Lavrenty Beria. In the weather station house, which stands above the children's camp, I managed to find an observation log. The last date stamped on it is May 1956.

Why are these ruins called a laboratory? I asked Victor.

Once a car with three passengers drove up, - he began to tell, clearing in the weeds, among the broken tiles, another horse skull. There was a woman with them. And although guests are rare here, they did not name themselves. They got out of the car at my house, looked around, and then, a woman, pointing to the ruins, said: "Here was a laboratory. And over there - an airport ...".

They did not stay long, and they could not be asked about anything. But all three are aged, well dressed...

A female doctor saved my life when I was imprisoned in one of the most terrible mines in Kolyma - "Butugychag". Her name was Maria Antonovna, her last name was unknown to us ...

(From the memoirs of Fyodor Bezbabichev)

The Berlag camps were especially secret and is it any wonder that no official data on their prisoners can be obtained. But there are archives. The KGB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the party archives - lists of prisoners are stored somewhere. In the meantime, only scanty, fragmentary data suggest a carefully erased trail. Exploring the abandoned Kolyma camps, I looked through thousands of newspapers and archival references, getting closer and closer to the truth.

The writer Asir Sandler, the author of "Knots for Memory" published in the USSR, told me that one of his readers was a prisoner of a mysterious sharashka, a scientific institution in which prisoners worked. It was somewhere in the vicinity of Magadan...

The secret of the "Butugychag" complex was revealed the next day, when, with difficulty navigating the intricacies of the ridges, we climbed a mountain saddle. It was this secluded place that the camp administration chose for one of the cemeteries. The other two: "officers" - for the camp staff and, possibly, for civilians, as well as a large "Zekovsky", are located below. The first is near the processing plant. The belonging of his dead to the administration is given out by wooden pedestals with stars. The second begins immediately outside the walls of the burnt infirmary, which is understandable. Why drag the dead over the mountains ... And here, from the central part, at least a mile. Yes, even up.

Slightly noticeable mounds. They can be mistaken for a natural relief, if they were not numbered. As soon as they sprinkled gravel on the dead man, they stuck a stick next to it with a number punched on the lid of a can of stew. But where do the convicts get canned food from? Two-digit numbers with a letter of the alphabet: Г45; B27; A50...

But, closer to the edge of the saddle, I find marks of a different type. There are no individual mounds here. On a flat area, the posts are dense, like the teeth of a comb. Ordinary short sticks - branches of chopped trees. Already without tin covers and numbers. Just mark the place.

Two swollen mounds indicate the pits where the dead were dumped in a heap. Most likely, this "ritual" was carried out in winter, when it was not possible to bury each one separately, in frozen and hard as concrete soil. The pits, in this case, were harvested from the summer.

And here's what Victor was talking about. Under the elfin bush, in a grave torn apart by animals or people, lies a half of a human skull. The upper part of the vault, half an inch above the brow ridges, is neatly and evenly cut. Clearly a surgical cut.

Among them are many other bones of the skeleton, but what attracts my attention is the upper cut off part of the skull with a bullet hole in the back of the head. This is a very important find, because it indicates that the opened skulls are not a medical examination to determine the cause of death. Who first puts a bullet in the back of the head, and then performs an anatomical autopsy to determine the cause of death?

We need to open one of the graves, - I say to my fellow traveler. - It is necessary to make sure that this is not the "work" of today's vandals. Victor himself told about the raids on the camp cemeteries of the village punks: they take out skulls and make lamps out of them.

We select the grave under the number "G47". Didn't have to dig. Literally five centimeters through the soil thawed over the summer, the sapper shovel hit something.

Carefully! Don't damage the bones.

Coffin?! I was amazed. A coffin for a convict is as unseen as if we stumbled upon the remains of an alien. This is truly an amazing cemetery.

Never, anywhere in the vast expanses of the Gulag, prisoners were buried in coffins. They threw them into adits, buried them in the ground, and in winter they simply buried them in the snow, drowned them in the sea, but so that coffins would be made for them?! .. Yes, it looks like this is a "sharashka" cemetery. Then the presence of coffins is understandable. After all, the convicts were buried by the convicts themselves. And they were not supposed to see the opened heads.

In 1942 there was a stage in the Tenkinsky district, where I also ended up. The road to Tenka began to be built sometime in 1939, when Commissar 2nd Rank Pavlov became the head of Dalstroy, and Colonel Garanin became the head of USVITL. Everyone who fell into the clutches of the NKVD was first of all fingerprinted. This was the beginning of the camp life of any person. This is how she ended. When a person died in a prison or camp, then he, already dead, went through exactly the same procedure. Fingerprints were taken of the deceased, they were compared with the original ones, and only after that he was buried, and the case was transferred

to the archive.

(From the memoirs of s / c Vadim Kozin)

At the north end of the cemetery, the ground is littered with bones. Clavicles, ribs, tibia, vertebrae. All over the field, halves of skulls turn white. Straight cut over toothless jaws. Big, small, but equally restless, thrown out of the ground by an evil hand, they lie under the piercing blue sky of Kolyma. Is it possible that such a terrible fate dominated their owners that even the bones of these people are doomed to reproach? And it still pulls here with the stench of bloody years.

Again a series of questions: who needed the brains of these unfortunates? What years? By whose command? Who the hell are these "scientists" who, with ease, like a hare, put a bullet into a human head, and then, with devilish meticulousness, gutted the still smoking brains? And where are the archives? How many masks does it take to judge the Soviet system for the crime called genocide?

None of the well-known encyclopedias provides data on experiments on living human material, except to look in the materials of the Nuremberg trials. Only the following is obvious: it was in those years when the "Butugychag" functioned that the effect of radioactivity on the human body was intensively studied. There can be no talk of any autopsies of those who died in the camps for a medical report on the causes of death. None of the camps did this. A human life was worth negligibly cheap in Soviet Russia.

The trepanation of skulls could not be carried out on the initiative of local authorities. Lavrenty Beria and Igor Kurchatov were personally responsible for the nuclear weapons program and everything connected with it.

It remains to assume the existence of a successfully implemented state program, sanctioned at the level of the government of the USSR. For similar crimes against humanity, "Nazis" are being chased around Latin America to this day. But only in relation to domestic executioners and misanthropes, their native department shows enviable deafness and blindness. Is it because the sons of executioners are sitting in warm armchairs today?

Little touch. Histological studies are carried out on the brain, extracted no more than a few minutes after death. Ideally, in vivo. Any method of killing gives a "not clean" picture, since a whole complex of enzymes and other substances appear in the brain tissues, released during pain and psychological shock.

Moreover, the purity of the experiment is violated by the euthanasia of the experimental animal or the introduction of psychotropic drugs into it. The only method used in biological laboratory practice for such experiments is decapitation - almost instantaneous cutting off of the animal's head from the body.

I took with me two fragments from different skulls, for examination. Fortunately, there was a familiar prosecutor in the Khabarovsk Territory - Valentin Stepankov (later - the Prosecutor General of Russia).

You understand what it smells like, - the prosecutor of the region with the badge of a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the lapel of his jacket looked at me, lowering the sheet with my questions for the expert. - Yes, and according to the affiliation, the Magadan prosecutor's office, and not mine, should deal with this case ...

I was silent.

Okay, Stepankov nodded, - I also have a conscience. And he pressed the button on the table.

Prepare a decision to initiate a criminal case, - he turned to the newcomer. And again to me: - Otherwise, I can not send the bones for examination.

What's the deal? the assistant asked.

Pass it on to the people of Magadan...

I repeat, those responsible for the death of those prisoners who were sent under the numbers of the letter thousand "3-2" live in Magadan, of which 36 people survived in one winter.

(P. Martynov, prisoner of the Kolyma camps No. 3-2-989)

The conclusion of the examination 221-FT, I received a month later. Here is his abridged summary:

"The right part of the skull, presented for research, belongs to the body of a young man, no more than 30 years old. The sutures of the skull between the bones are not closed. Anatomical and morphological features indicate that the bone belongs to a part of the male skull with characteristic features of the Caucasoid race.

The presence of multiple defects in the compact layer (multiple, deep cracks, areas of scarification), their complete fat-freeness, white color, fragility and brittleness, indicate the prescription of the death of the man who owned the skull, 35 years or more from the moment of the study.

The even upper edges of the frontal and temporal bones were formed from sawing them, as evidenced by the traces of sliding - tracks from the action of a sawing tool (for example, a saw). Given the location of the cut on the bones and its direction, I believe that this cut could have been formed during an anatomical examination of the skull and brain.

Part of the skull number 2, more likely belonged to a young woman. The even upper edge on the frontal bone was formed by cutting a sawing tool - a saw, as evidenced by step-like slip marks - routes.

Part of the skull No. 2, judging by the less altered bone tissue, was in the burial places for less time than part of the skull No. 1, given that both parts were in the same conditions (climatic, soil, etc.)"

Forensic medical expert V. A. Kuzmin.

Khabarovsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination.

My search didn't end there. I visited "Butugychag" two more times. More and more interesting materials fell into the hands. Witnesses appeared.

P. Martynov, a prisoner of the Kolyma camps under the number 3-2-989, points to the direct physical extermination of the Butugychag prisoners: “Their remains were buried at the Shaitan pass. they cleaned the remains of the animals pulled from the glacier on the pass, where even today human bones are found on a huge area ... "

Perhaps there you need to look for an adit under the letter "C"?

We managed to get interesting information from the editorial office of the Leninskoye Znamya newspaper in Ust-Omchug (now the newspaper is called Tenka), where a large mining and processing plant is located - Tenkinsky GOK, to which Butugychag belonged.

The journalists handed me a note from Semyon Gromov, the former deputy director of the Mining and Processing Plant. The note touched upon a topic of interest to me. But, perhaps, the price of this information was Gromov's life.

Here is the text of this note:

"The daily "withdrawal" along the Tenlagh was 300 convicts. The main reasons were hunger, illness, fights between prisoners and just" the convoy fired. "A OP was organized at the Tymoshenko mine - a health center for those who had already "reached." This point, of course, he did not heal anyone, but some professor worked there with the prisoners: he went and drew circles on the robes of prisoners with a pencil - these will die tomorrow. By the way, on the other side of the road, on a small plateau, there is a strange cemetery. Strange because everyone , buried there, the skulls have been sawn apart. Isn't this connected with the professor's work?"

Semyon Gromov recorded this in the early 80s and soon died in a car accident.

I also got another document from the GOK - the results of radiological studies at the Butugychag facility, as well as measurements of the radioactivity of objects. All these documents were strictly confidential. When the US War Department, at my request, requested a geological map of the area, even the CIA denied the presence of uranium mining in these places. And I visited six special facilities of the uranium Gulag of the Magadan region, and one of the camps is located at the very edge of the Arctic Ocean, not far from the polar city of Pevek.

I found Khasana Niyazov already in 1989, when perestroika and glasnost relieved the fear of many. The 73-year-old woman was not afraid to give an hour-long interview in front of a TV camera.

From the recording of the interview with H. Niyazova:

H.N. - I have not been to Butugychag, God bless. We considered it a penal camp.

How were the prisoners buried?

H.N. - No way. Sprinkled with earth or snow if he died in winter, and that's it.

Were there coffins?

H.N. - Never. What coffins are there!

Why are all the convicts buried in coffins at one of the three cemeteries of "Butugychag" and their skulls have been sawn apart?

H.N. - It was opened by doctors ...

For what purpose?

H.N. - We, among the prisoners, were talking: they were doing experiments. Learned something.

Was this done only in Butugychag, or somewhere else?

H.N. - No. Only in "Butugychag".

When did you learn about the experiments at Butugychag?

H.N. - It was around 1948-49, the conversations were fleeting, but we were all frightened by this ...

Maybe it was sawn alive?

H.N. - And who knows... There was a very large medical unit. There were even professors...

I interviewed Hasan Niyazov after my second visit to Butugychag. Listening to the courageous woman, I looked at her hands with the camp number burned out.

It can't be! - then exclaim Jak Sheahan, - the chief of the CBS News bureau, peering at the screen and not believing his eyes. - I always thought that it was only in the fascist camps ...

The British Academy of Medical Scientists, also concerned about this issue, reported that the number of experiments in which human tissues or genes are transplanted into animals is constantly growing. Yes, in 2010. More than 1 million experiments were conducted, during which mice and fish were transplanted with human DNA. Scientists need these laboratory mutants to create new drugs for cancer, hepatitis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and other ailments, as well as to understand the role of individual genes in the development of the body.

Moreover, individual experiments with animals should be banned altogether, M. Bobrow believes. For example, the transplantation of human stem cells into the brain of a primate should be banned, as this can lead to the humanization of a monkey: its brain can become human-like, the animal can acquire the rudiments of reason or even speak. And although it may seem to people that scientists were simply inspired by the new science fiction film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in fact, the possibility of the appearance of too intelligent primates should be taken seriously, says Professor Thomas Baldwin.

EXPERIMENT "MILLER - Uri" - the first, except for the work of alchemists who tried to bring an artificial living being in a test tube, a truly scientific experiment in this area, conducted in the 1950s by an American chemistry student Stanley Miller. He suggested that life originated in the atmosphere of the ancient Earth due to the synthesis of complex molecules during lightning discharges. Stanley filled a large glass ball with water, methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and began to pass electrical discharges through this medium. Soon, the "primordial ocean" splashing at the bottom of the ball turned dark red from emerging biomolecules and amino acids, which are the building blocks for building proteins.

The Miller-Urey experiment is considered one of the most important experiments in the study of the origin of life on Earth. The conclusions about the possibility of chemical evolution, made on the basis of this experiment, are criticized. According to critics, although the synthesis of the most important organic substances has been clearly demonstrated, the far-reaching conclusion about the possibility of chemical evolution, drawn directly from this experience, is not fully justified.

- the alleged code name for a secret committee of scientists, military leaders and government officials, allegedly formed in 1947 by order of US President Harry S. Truman.

The committee's intended purpose is to investigate UFO activity in the aftermath of the Roswell Incident, the alleged crash of an alien craft near Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. Majestic 12 is an important part of the UFO conspiracy theory of the current government to hide information about UFOs. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has said documents related to Majestic 12 are "completely fictitious...

EXPERIMENT "PHOENIX" - time travel research that allegedly took place in the United States. In 1992, American engineer Al Bilek told reporters that at one time he was a participant in a unique experiment that received the code name "Phoenix". Bilek was placed inside a magnetron (a device that creates a powerful electromagnetic field) and moved in time to the past...

What is most surprising about the story of the "time traveler" is that before this experiment, his name was not Al Bilek at all, but Edward Cameron. But returning from the past, Cameron found that his last name was unknown to anyone, disappeared from all lists and documents, replaced by another. Yes, and friends claimed that from childhood they knew him as Bilek. Other facts confirming the existence of the Phoenix project (except for the story of Bilek himself) have not been found.

EXPERIMENT "PHILADELPHIA" - one of the most interesting mysteries of the 20th century, which gave rise to many contradictory rumors. According to legend, in 1943 in Philadelphia, the US military department allegedly tried to create a ship invisible to enemy radars. Using calculations made by Albert Einstein, special generators were installed on the destroyer Eldridge. But during the test, the unexpected happened - the ship, surrounded by a cocoon of a powerful electromagnetic field, disappeared not only from the radar screens, but literally evaporated in the truest sense of the word. After some time, the Eldridge materialized again, but in a completely different place and with a distraught crew on board. How reliable is this story?

The Philadelphia Experiment first became widely known thanks to astrophysicist Maurice Jessup, a scientist and writer from Iowa. In 1956, as a response to one of his books, which touched upon the problem of the unusual properties of space and time, he received a letter from a certain C. Allende, who reported that the military had already learned how to practically move objects "outside the usual space and time." The author of the letter served in 1943 on the ship "Andrew Fureset". From the board of this ship, which was part of the control group of the Philadelphia experiment, Allende (as he himself claims) perfectly saw how the Eldridge melted in the greenish glow, heard the buzz of the force field surrounding the destroyer ...

The most interesting thing in Allende's story is the description of the consequences of the experiment. Incredible things began to happen to people who returned "out of nowhere": they seemed to fall out of the real course of time (the term "freeze" was used). There were cases of spontaneous combustion (the term "ignited"). Once, two "frozen" people suddenly "ignited" and burned for eighteen days (?!), and the rescuers could not stop the burning of the bodies with any effort. There were other oddities as well. One of the sailors of the Eldridge, for example, disappeared forever, passing through the wall of his own apartment in front of his wife and child.

Jessup began investigating: rummaging through the archives, talking with the military and found a lot of evidence that gave him the opportunity to express his opinion about the reality of these events as follows: “The experiment is very interesting, but terribly dangerous. It affects the people participating in it too much. In the experiment, magnetic generators, the so-called "degaussers", were used, which worked at resonant frequencies and created a monstrous field around the ship. In practice, this gave a temporary withdrawal from our dimension and could mean a spatial breakthrough, if only it were possible to keep the process under control!" Perhaps Jessup learned too much, at least in 1959 he died under very mysterious circumstances - he was found in his own car, suffocated by exhaust gases.

The leadership of the US Navy disowned the Philadelphia experiment, saying that nothing like this happened in 1943. "But many researchers did not believe the government. They continued to search for Jessup and got some results .. For example, there were documents confirming that from 1943 to 1944 Einstein was employed by the Navy Department in Washington, D.C. Witnesses came forward, some of whom personally saw the Eldridge disappear, others were holding sheets of calculations made by Einstein's hand, which had a very characteristic handwriting. , telling about the sailors who descended from the ship and melted before the eyes of eyewitnesses.

Attempts to find out the truth about the Philadelphia experiment do not stop until now. And from time to time new interesting facts appear. Here are excerpts from the story of the American electronic engineer Edom Skilling (recorded on tape): "In 1990, my friend Margaret Sandys, who lives in Palm Beach, Florida, invited me and my friends to visit Dr. Carl Leisler, her neighbor, to discuss some details of the Philadelphia experiment Carl Leisler, physicist, one of the scientists who worked on this project in 1943.

They wanted to make a warship invisible to radar. On board was installed a powerful electronic device such as a huge magnetron (a magnetron is a generator of ultrashort waves, classified during World War II). This device received energy from electrical machines installed on the ship, the power of which was enough to supply electricity to a small city. The idea of ​​the experiment was that a very strong electromagnetic field around the ship would serve as a shield for the radar beams. Carl Leisler was on the shore to observe and supervise the experiment.

When the magnetron started working, the ship disappeared. After a while, he reappeared, but all the sailors on board were dead. Moreover, part of their corpses turned into steel - the material from which the ship was made. During our conversation, Karl Leisler was very upset, it was clear that this old sick man still feels remorse and guilt for the death of the sailors who were on board the Eldridge, Laisler and his colleagues in the experiment believe that they sent the ship at another time, while the ship disintegrated into molecules, and when the reverse process occurred, there was a partial replacement of the organic molecules of human bodies with metal atoms. "And here is another curious fact that the Russian researcher V. Adamenko came across: In Moura's book and Berlitz, who were investigating the Philadelphia events, it is said that for many years after the incident, the destroyer "Eldridge" was in the reserve of the US Navy, and then the ship was given the name "Lion" and sold to Greece. Meanwhile, Adamenko visited a Greek family in 1993, where he met a retired Greek admiral It turned out that he was well aware of the Philadelphia experiment and the fate of the Eldridge, confirming that the destroyer is one of the ships of the Greek Navy, but not called the Lion, as Moure and Berlitz write, but the Tiger ".

The unequivocal truth about the Philadelphia experiment has not yet been established. The researchers of this mysterious story did not find the main thing - documents. The logbooks of the Eldridge could explain a lot, but they have strangely disappeared. At least, all inquiries to the government and the US military department received an official answer: "... It is not possible to find, and therefore put at your disposal." And the logbooks of the escort ship "Fyureset" were completely destroyed on orders from above, although this is contrary to all existing rules.

EXPERIMENT "COMPUTER MOWGLI "- a unique project allegedly carried out by American scientists. "Computer Mowgli", according to reports that appeared in the press, is a virtual personality created in a secret laboratory. The son of a man and a woman, this baby is still not a man.

Pregnancy in 33-year-old Nadine M was difficult. When the baby was born (his parents had previously named him Sid), the doctors came to the conclusion that he was doomed. For several days in the intensive care unit, it was possible to maintain life in a tiny body. Meanwhile, with the help of special equipment, a mental scan of his brain was carried out. The father and mother were not informed about this unusual procedure, since the scientists themselves assessed the chances of success as vanishingly small. But to the surprise of everyone, the electrical potentials of Sid's brain neurons recorded by the equipment, transferred to the computer, began to live their unreal (superreal?) life there.
The fact that the baby died physically, but the potentials of his brain were brought into the machine and continue to develop there, was first reported only to Nadine. She took it quite calmly. The father, since he literally raved about the future first-born, for a whole month was shown Sid only on the computer screen, explaining this by the fact that the baby needs special conditions for survival. When he found out about the essence of what was happening, he was horrified at first and even tried to destroy Sid's brain development program. But soon, like Nadine, he began to treat "Computer Mowgli" as his real-life child.

Now the father and mother are actively involved in the project, they take care of Sid's "health" - they install more and more new programs to protect against computer viruses, fearing that they may adversely affect the mental development of their baby. The researchers equipped the computer with multimedia and virtual reality systems that make it possible not only to see Sid "in three dimensions and life-size", but to hear his voice and even "pick up"...

The Scientific Observer magazine, which almost completely devoted one of its issues to the history of Sid, reported that the Computer Mowgli project was originally secret, but then a special commission of the US Congress decided to acquaint American taxpayers with some research results. The specific name of the scientific center that conducted the mental scan of the baby's brain is not given. But from some hints, one can understand that we are talking about one of the institutions of the US Department of Defense.

There was a message about "Computer Mowgli" in the Russian press. The popular science almanac "It Can't Be", whose representative visited a computer conference in Las Vegas (USA), said that one of the participants in this project, a certain Steam Rowler, was present there. According to this specialist, scientists were able to scan only about 60 percent of the baby's neurons. But this turned out to be enough for the information entered into the computer to begin to develop itself. This story was not without a criminal motive. Some American computer-obsessed prodigy managed to "hack" the project's security program through a computer network and copy several dozen files from it. This is how Sid's "unauthorized and rather flawed" brother appeared. Fortunately, the child prodigy was "figured out" and the first attempt in the history of mankind "electronic kidnapping" was stopped.

Unfortunately, the main details of the project remain in the shadows: how was the scanning practically carried out, how quickly and successfully is the development of the copied intelligence, what is its real potential? Americans are in no hurry to share these secrets. And, very possibly, they have very good reasons for this. The same Steam Rowler was alarmed at a conference in Las Vegas and vaguely hinted that the appearance of a virtual demon, written off from a living person, could have very serious and unpredictable consequences for our civilization.

EXPERIMENT "NAUTILUS" - research on the passage of telepathic signals through a large layer of water. On July 25, 1959, a mysterious passenger boarded the American nuclear submarine Nautilus. The boat immediately left the port and plunged into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean for sixteen days. During all this time, no one saw the nameless passenger - he never left the cabin. But twice a day he sent the captain leaflets with strange signs. Now it was a star, then a cross, then two wavy lines... Captain Anderson placed the sheets in a light-tight envelope, put the date, hour and his signature. Above was a frightening vulture; "Top secret. In case of danger of capturing a submarine, destroy it!" When the boat landed in the port of Croyton, the passenger was met by an escort who took him to a military airfield, and from there to the state of Maryland. Soon he was talking to the director of the Biological Sciences Division of the US Air Force Research Office, Colonel William Bowers. He pulled out an envelope from the safe labeled "Research Center, H. Friendship, Maryland." The mysterious passenger, whom Bowers referred to as Lieutenant Jones, produced his Nautilus-marked package. They arranged the sheets of paper side by side, in accordance with the dates stamped. More than 70 percent of the characters in both envelopes matched ...

This information was voiced in the late 1950s by two French conspiracy theorists - Louis Povel and Jacques Bergier. Their article did not pass by the attention of the Soviet authorities protecting the country from a potential aggressor. On March 26, 1960, the Minister of Defense Marshal of the USSR Malinovsky received a report from Colonel Engineer, Candidate of Sciences Poletaev:

“The US Armed Forces have adopted telepathy (transmission of thoughts over a distance without the help of technical means) as a means of communication with submarines at sea. Scientific research on telepathy has been going on for a long time, but since the end of 1957, large US research organizations have joined the work: Rend Corporation, Westinghouse, Bell Telephone Company and others. At the end of the work, an experiment was carried out - the transfer of information using telepathic communication from the base to the Nautilus submarine, which was submerged under the polar ice at a distance of up to 2000 kilometers from the base. The experience went well."

Refutations poured in that the Nautilus had never been used for such experiments, that during the period described it did not go to sea at all. Nevertheless, after this publication, similar experiments were repeatedly carried out in different countries, including the USSR (Experiment "Arctic Circle").

The Minister, as expected, took a keen interest in such a striking success of a potential adversary. Several secret meetings were held with the participation of Soviet specialists in parapsychology. The possibility of opening works on the study of the phenomenon of telepathy in the military and military-medical aspects was discussed, but at that time they ended in nothing.
In the mid-1990s, correspondents for the Chicago magazine Zeus Wick conducted a series of interviews with the captain of the Nautilus, Anderson. His answer was categorical: “There were definitely no experiments on telepathy. The article by Povel and Bergier is wholly false. On July 25, 1960, the day the Nautilus was said to have gone to sea to conduct a telepathic session, the boat was in dry dock at Portsmouth.

These statements were verified by journalists through their channels and turned out to be true.
According to the author of the book "Parapsychological Warfare: Threat or Illusion" Martin Ebon was behind the articles about the "Nautilus". USSR State Security Committee! The purpose of the "duck", according to the author, is quite original: to convince the Central Committee of the CPSU to give the go-ahead to start such work in the Union. Allegedly, party leaders, brought up in the spirit of dogmatic materialism, experienced a prejudice against idealistic parapsychology. The only thing that could have prompted them to develop the relevant research was information about successful developments abroad.

EXPERIMENT "ARCAL CIRCLE" - a global experiment on "remote transmission of mental images", conducted in June 1994 on the initiative of the Novosibirsk Institute of General Pathology and Human Ecology. This large-scale scientific event involved several thousand volunteers, researchers and psychic operators from twenty countries. Telepathic signals were transmitted from different continents, from special hypomagnetic chambers that isolate the Earth's magnetic field, from anomalous zones of the planet, such as, for example, the "Perm Triangle" and the "Black Devil" cave in Khakassia ...

The results of the experiment, according to Novosibirsk scientists, confirmed the reality of the existence of mental connections between people. The "Arctic Circle" is a natural continuation of research begun in the last century. Here is a brief chronology of scientific research in this area:

• ...1875. The famous chemist A. Butlerov, who was also engaged in the study of anomalous phenomena, put forward an electrical induction hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of thought transmission at a distance.
• ...1886. English researchers E. Gurney, F. Myers and F. Podmore used the term "telepathy" to refer to this phenomenon (for the first time).
• ...1887. Professor of Philosophy, Psychology and Physiology of Lviv University Y. Okhorovich presented a detailed justification of Butlerov's hypothesis.

Serious experiments in the field of telepathy were carried out in 19-9-1927 by Academician V. Bekhterev at the Leningrad Institute for the Study of the Brain. At that time, the famous engineer B. Kazhinsky conducted the same experiments. Remember A. Belyaev's science fiction novel "The Lord of the World" (1929). The plot of this work is as follows: in the hands of immoral people there is an invention that allows you to read and write people's thoughts, as well as transmit trouble-free mental orders with the help of special emitters. The book is completely built on the scientific ideas of Bernard Bernardovich Kazinsky. To emphasize this, Belyaev even named a positive hero - Kachinsky, changing only one letter in Kazhinsky's surname ...

The results obtained by Bekhterev and Kazhinsky, judging by the available data, confirmed the existence of the phenomenon of thought transmission over a distance. In 1932, the Leningrad Brain Institute received a government order from the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR to intensify experimental research in the field of telepathy. Scientific leadership was entrusted to Professor L.Vasiliev.

The Laboratory of Biophysics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Moscow), headed by Academician P. Lazorev, also received a corresponding order. The executor of the theme, ordered by the military, and therefore received the "secrecy stamp", was Professor S. Turlygin. The memoirs of these people have been preserved: "We have to admit that there really is a certain physical agent that establishes the interaction of two organisms with each other,"; Professor S.Turlygin stated. "Neither shielding nor distance worsened the results," Professor L. Vasiliev admitted.

• ... In September 1958 (according to some publications), by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, Marshal R. Malinovsky, several closed meetings were held on the study of the phenomenon of telepathy. The head of the Main Military Medical Directorate, Professor L. Vasiliev, Professor P. Gulyaev and other specialists were present ...
• ...1960. At the Physiological Institute (Leningrad), a special laboratory was organized to study telepathic phenomena.
• ...1965- 1968. In Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk, at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, an extensive program of telepathic research on humans and animals was carried out;

Closed studies in parapsychology were carried out at the Moscow Institute of the Brain of the USSR Academy of Sciences, at the Institute for Information Transmission Problems (IPPI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and at other institutes and laboratories. Secret experiments were carried out with the active participation of the military using expensive equipment, up to the use of submarines.

• ...1969. By order of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU P. Demichev, a special meeting of the commission to investigate the problem of parapsychological phenomena and the reasons for the increased public interest in them was held. The whole color of domestic psychology gathered - A. Luria, A. Lyuboevich, V. Zinchenko ... They were tasked with dispelling the myth of the existence of a parapsychological movement in the USSR. The results of the activities of this commission are reflected in the ninth issue of the journal "Questions of Psychology" for 1973 . Despite everything, it still says: "There is a phenomenon ..."

The existence of the phenomenon was also confirmed by the global experiment ("Arctic Circle") by Novosibirsk scientists. But telepathic phenomena are still perceived by the mass consciousness as a kind of fiction, a hoax. Probably because the true nature of this phenomenon has not yet found a clear explanation.

April 7th, 2015

We used to think that cruel and inhuman experiments on people were carried out only in concentration camps in Nazi Germany. Unfortunately, the truth is much more terrible - such experiments began to be carried out back in the 19th century, moreover, in the USA.

Here are some of them …

SCALPEL

Beginning in 1840, the American physician James Marion Sims, considered "the founder of modern gynecology," conducted a variety of surgical research. As experimental mice for his experiments, he used African slaves, on whom he performed surgical operations WITHOUT anesthesia. One of the women was operated on in this way 30 times! Slaves often died - but this did not stop the "scientist". Dr. Sims was also studying the causes of spasms of chewing muscles in children - so he experimented on the children of black slaves, performing operations on their jaws with the help of ... a shoe awl.

BACTERIA

Another "pioneer" of American medicine, Dr. Arthur Wentworth, was injecting a metal needle into the spinal cord of 29 children (the so-called "lumbar puncture") to test how harmful it was. Moreover, the parents of the children did not even know what kind of experiments the “doctor” puts on their children.

From 1913 to 1951, the chief surgeon of the San Quentin California prison, Dr. Leo Stanley, conducted hundreds of experiments on prisoners. Stanley transplanted generative organs taken from executed criminals, wild boars and rams to criminals, performed forced sterilization operations and other "scientific" experiments.

In the mid-1880s, a Californian doctor working in a leper hospital in Hawaii infected six underage girls with the syphilis virus "for scientific purposes". Not far from him, the New York pediatrician Henry Heyman also left, deliberately infecting two mentally retarded boys with gonorrhea. In the scientific literature of the 19-20th century, about 40 experiments of this kind are described - when doctors intentionally infected children with venereal diseases.

But venereal disease will seem like flowers if you remember the story of how American military doctors infected five Filipino prisoners with bubonic plague. And in 1906, Harvard University professor Richard Strong infected 24 Filipino prisoners with cholera (13 of them died).

In 1908, three Philadelphia doctors infected dozens of orphans with tuberculosis, causing some of them to go blind. In the published results of their research, these "doctors" referred to the children they maimed as "Used Material."

There are a great many cases of deliberate infection of prisoners, mentally retarded patients and orphans. American "doctors" infected people with syphilis, molluscum contagiosum, malaria, herpes, hepatitis, transplanted them with cancer cells, and so on.

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS

Military doctors also managed to distinguish themselves in the field of conducting experiments on their own kind. In 1950, to simulate the situation of bacteriological warfare, a large amount of powder containing the bacteria Serratia marcescens was sprayed over San Francisco from two aircraft. As a result, many residents of the city fell ill with pneumonia and died. Experiments with the bacterium Serratia marcescens continued until 1969.

In 1955, CIA "researchers" sprayed whooping cough bacteria in the Florida area of ​​Tampa Bay, which immediately caused a massive epidemic of this disease. At least 12 people have died.

In 1956 and 1957, the US military released millions of yellow fever and dengue mosquitoes into the wild in Georgia and Florida. In the midst of the outbreak of the epidemic, Pentagon warriors, disguised as civilian doctors, traveled through the infected cities and photographed sick people for their reports.

American "researchers" did not shy away from conducting experiments on their own army. Thus, from 1963 to 1969, within the framework of the Ship Vulnerability and Defense Project (SHAD), several types of bacteriological and chemical weapons were dropped on US Navy ships at once. Moreover, the crews of the ships did not suspect anything when the “native Pentagon” began to pour them with sarin, VX gas and cadmium salts.

In the late 1960s, the US military released hay bacterium into the New York and Chicago subways. The experiment was proudly called "Studying the Vulnerability of Subway Passengers to Hidden Biological Attacks."

RADIATION

In 1949, Operation Green Run was carried out in Washington state, in which an area of ​​​​2,000 square kilometers was contaminated with radioactive isotopes of iodine and xenon. Three small towns were located on the territory at once, but this did not stop the military.

In 1953, the American Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) at the University of Iowa conducted experiments on pregnant women. They were exposed to radioactive iodine-131 to induce an induced abortion. In another experiment, AEC staff fed radioactive iodine to 25 newborns; in another, 65 infants.

In 1946-1947, "researchers" at the University of Rochester gave six subjects small doses of uranium-234 and uranium-235 to find out how much radiation their kidneys could withstand.

From 1945 to 1947, as part of the Manhattan Project, 16 people received injections of plutonium-238 and plutonium-239. One of them was Albert Stevens, who was deliberately given a false diagnosis of "stomach cancer" and began to "treat" with injections of plutonium (naturally, the patient was not told anything about plutonium). The ashes left after Albert's cremation are stored in several research institutes - they are still radioactive.

To see how radioactive materials cross the maternal placenta, in the mid-1940s, "researchers" at Vanderbilt University gave 829 (!) pregnant women to drink a solution of radioactive iron salts. At the same time, women were told that it was a "vitamin drink." Some newborns, like their mothers, developed cancer and died.

From 1948 to 1954, "scientists" at Johns Hopkins Hospital inserted radium rods into the noses of Baltimore schoolchildren as part of a government program. In total, 582 schoolchildren underwent this procedure of “treatment of adenoids”.

In 1954, as part of Project Bravo, the Americans dropped a nuclear bomb on the Marshall Islands, as a result of which 236 local residents were specifically exposed to radiation. One of them died, the rest fell ill with radiation sickness.

In 1957, the military detonated another nuclear bomb in Nevada. By some estimates, this resulted in between 1,000 and 20,000 deaths of ordinary Americans who were hit by the radioactive cloud.

CHEMISTRY

From 1942 to 1944, American military chemists tested the effects of mustard gas, a poisonous blistering agent, on American soldiers. The "researchers" worked to improve the quality of gas masks - they were not interested in the health of recruits choking on mustard gas.

In 1950, soldiers sprayed poisonous compounds (including cadmium salts) over six American and Canadian cities at once.

Many have heard about the drug "Agent Orange", which the US military used in Vietnam. The main active ingredient of "Orange" is the strongest carcinogen dioxin. Orange was produced by Dow Chemicals. To prove to the military that they were buying "what they needed," Dow Chemicals conducted a study in which dioxin was injected into 70 American black prisoners.

PSYCHIATRY

In 1957, as part of the famous CIA MK-Ultra project, Dr. Evan Cameron began studying brainwashing techniques on mentally ill people. He put patients into an insulin coma that could last up to 88 days, and then erased their memory with electric shocks. One of the patients of this "researcher" received a total of 360 electroshock sessions. Cameron's task was to develop a method for completely erasing a person's personality. He locked one of his wards in the ward and turned on a tape recording of a suggestive phrase like “you are a good wife and mother, and people like to be in your company…” in the speakers. The poor fellow listened to this record continuously for 100 days in a row.

As part of the same "MK-Ultra" in the late 60s, professors Kligman and Copelan were engaged in feeding 320 prisoners of the Holmesburg prison with psychotropic substances in order to find out for each of the substances a dose sufficient to neutralize 50% of the enemy personnel.

From 1940 to 1953, Laretta Bender, a highly respected specialist in child psychiatry in the United States, was involved in the fact that in one of the New York hospitals she tested the effects of electric shock on hundreds of children. For some children with schizophrenia, Laretta gave two electric shocks a day for three weeks.

A broad program to study "special" interrogation techniques began in 2002 - the main specialists in the development of techniques were James Mitchell and Bruce Lessen, who took the phenomenon of learned helplessness as a basis.

An experimental study of this state was carried out on the basis of Pavlov's classical conditioning - that is, only on dogs. But the specialists had a contract, the purpose of which was to develop methods for extorting information from people, so they started experimenting on people without really thinking about the legality or moral and ethical side of such an activity ...

But it was hardly the only known human experimentation program in the United States.

Unfortunately, anyone who talks about experiments conducted by Americans on a person is perceived by others as a crazy conspiracy theorist who invents unprovable nonsense, and in order to break this stereotype, the guys from Vice decided to collect the most high-profile programs of such experiments that took place.

In the best traditions of the Cold War, the US military liked to test various strategies on their own people. Military research often requires the initiation of a "controlled" attack, and it is for this purpose that experimenters once exposed thousands of American soldiers to mustard gas, and Navy personnel, for example, were studied the effect of nerve gas on the human body - the substance was simply sprayed on the deck and inside ventilation system without the consent of the ship's crew.

The most publicized operation was LAC (Large area coverage) - a series of tests between 1957 and 1958, which consisted in spraying large volumes of "mixture" of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide over some regions of the United States from aircraft and from water transport. Without informing the inhabitants of the cities and states subjected to spraying, of course.

Some of the regions over which the experimental composition was sprayed had a high population density. Later, when the information was declassified, the frightened scientists decided to re-examine the results of the operation and found that the tests were "completely not dangerous."

In 1950, the same innovators from the US military-industrial complex decided to test the "effectiveness" of the bacterium Serratia marcescens by spraying it over San Francisco. A little later, one of the residents of the city - Edward Nevin - died of an infectious heart disease caused by the same Serratia marcescens.

Ten years later, American scientists decided to test the effects of Hay Bacillus on passengers in the Chicago and New York subway systems by spraying the bacterium into ventilation systems. As it turned out, such a “biological weapon” turned out to be completely harmless. But, it is unlikely that the military would begin to test something, obviously knowing that this "something" is completely harmless. And the very fact of violation of ethical standards ...

However, the results of Operation Whitecoat were no longer so modest. During the Korean War, unwilling to serve and simply pacifists were often recruited to work as military doctors, and since 1953 they were given the opportunity to become medical guinea pigs and, having given these volunteers the nickname "white coats", they began to be stuffed with experimental vaccines and bacteria. None of them died in the course of the Fort Detrick lab study itself, but a decade after the end of the study, a long-term impact study followed: many of the then subjects now experienced persistent severe migraines and suffered from persistent asthma. And this, not to mention the fact that only ¼ of the initial number of "white coats" remained alive.

The second horrifying part of the Manhattan Project - besides apparently destroying two populated cities - was that its implementation spurred further research into the effects of radiation on the human body.

In addition to sending squads of foot soldiers closer to the "nuclear mushrooms", the researchers did not hesitate to add small portions of radioactive substances directly into the human body: some private and public research laboratories either simply injected volunteers with "nuclear energy", or fed them with milk and beef, which in turn were product of livestock on a "radioactive diet". A 1986 US Congressional report titled "American Guinea pigs: Three Decades of Radiation Experiments on US Citizens" lists the names of radioactive elements such as plutonium, polonium, radium, and thorium.

In 1956 and 1958, most likely tired of experimenting with radiation, the US Chemical, Biological and Radiation Defense Forces decided to release millions of mosquitoes over the states of Florida and Georgia in order to analyze the approximate rate of spread of amaryllia fever. It is worth noting that even then the presence of fever was observed in these regions, so scientists only needed to increase the number of carriers of the disease - the insects themselves were not infected.

Between the 1940s and 1970, the CIA guys killed over a hundred people and made many more mentally ill while trying to figure out how drugs (especially LSD) could be used to control a person's mind.

SUMMARY

At the end of World War II, some fascists were sentenced to death at the Nuremberg trials for their inhuman experiments. But in the USA, they try not to remember their Nazi doctors. Most likely, everything described here is just the tip of the iceberg. It's just that the truly massive and horrific experiments have been classified for a long time. It was not for nothing that in 1947 the Atomic Energy Commission, already mentioned by us, issued a document called “Medical Experiments on Humans”, in which it was written in black and white: “It is desirable that no documents be drawn up during experiments on humans that could cause public backlash… Documents containing such information should be classified.”

To this day, no American official has been convicted of inhumane experiments on his own citizens. Many of the victims of these experiments still have not received not only no compensation, but even any complete information about what poisons and diseases were tested on them.

sources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentation_in_the_United_States

http://www.ridus.ru/news/175010

Let's remember again how they were used. And here is also The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -

Perhaps the most successful among them were the CIA projects to erase the identity of Bluebird (aka Artichoke, 1951-1953) and MKULTRA (MKSEARCH, 1950-60s). Their main participants were unresponsive patients of neurological clinics, and most of them knew nothing about these experiments. Bluebird's mission was to create the perfect truth serum. Using psychotropic substances and electric shocks, the researchers induced artificial amnesia in the subjects, implanted them with false memories and "propagated" their personality.

The MKULTRA project was incomparably more expensive and global. He explored the whole variety of ways to influence the mind (including children's): from biological to radiological. For example, within the framework of one of the 149 subprojects, more than 1,500 US soldiers received psychotropic drugs with food to assess their combat capability "under substances". The information obtained within the framework of MKULTRA is now used in the work of the special services, despite the fact that back in 1972 the project was turned off with a scandal, and most of its documentation disappeared forever, which made its investigation impossible.

For a fistful of shekels

Experiments on those who repay their homeland have been highlighted even in the Israeli army, which declares concern for the soldiers. In 2007, it became known that in 1998-2006, within the framework of the classified Omer-1 and Omer-2 projects, Israeli military doctors were looking for a vaccine against bacteriological weapons like anthrax. The 716 soldiers participating in the experiments were told nothing about the risks and likely consequences of the experiments, and were forbidden to discuss the details of the studies with their families.

In 2007, a group of former test subjects, suffering from various consequences of the experiment (tumors, ulcers, bronchitis, epilepsy), turned to the Ministry of Defense with complaints of ruined health. They were supported by the doctors' union and Physicians for Human Rights, which went to the Supreme Court demanding an investigation. The effect was achieved, only the opposite: the court not only rejected the request, but also banned some of the information about the experiment from being published.

The army oscillated between the reactions "nothing happened" and "you yourself agreed." The press was told that the participants in the "Omers" were exclusively volunteers who knew what they were getting into and could leave the game at any moment. The victims were advised to apply to civilian medical institutions, where their treatment promised to be lengthy, since the victims did not have even a minimum of information about the effects applied to them.

The main developer of the experiment program - Dr. Avigdor Sheferman (former director of the Israel Biological Institute) - after its completion went to Canada to conduct similar studies in a medical company. Well, the results of the Omers were handed over to the American army for several hundred million shekels.

Good syphilitic - black syphilitic

The USA will lead our list. It was here that from 1932 to 1972 an experiment took place that can be considered both a symbol of racial segregation and medical barbarism. The location of the action was the southern town of Tuskegee in Alabama. Before the medical group, led by Dr. Clark Taliaferro, the goal was to study all stages of syphilis.

The study consisted of observing a group of already infected blacks. Why blacks in particular? It hardly needs to be explained. For many years after the events described, they were considered second-class people, moreover, they were less educated and more suggestible. Most of them did not know about their illness - this was the condition of the experiment. All manipulations were presented as "treatment for bad blood." When the experiment ended, out of 399 participants, 74 remained alive. 128 people died from syphilis and its complications. 40 men infected their wives, 19 children were born with congenital syphilis.

And in 1946, the experiment also expanded. Part of the doctors "landed" in Guatemala, where for two years they had deliberately infected soldiers, prostitutes, prisoners, vagrants and the mentally ill with syphilis. Up to 5000 people in total.

Only in 1972, after the speech of a caring physician in Washington Star research in Tuskegee was taken up by a special commission, which recognized them as unfounded. The American government allocated $9 million to help those who survived, and 25 years later, their relatives waited for an apology from President Bill Clinton. The Latin American trace was only discovered in 2010, thanks to the publication of notes by Dr. Cutler, one of those who worked on the Tuskegee program in Guatemala. 750 victims from Guatemala then sued Johns Hopkins University, and Barack Obama apologized to the people of Guatemala in the person of President Alvaro Coloma.

American field of experiments

I must say, scientists from the United States have always not spared their great nation. American chemists tested the poisonous effect of mustard gas on recruits (it was necessary to improve gas masks), sprayed poisonous compounds over several Canadian and American cities. In the 1950s, epidemics were artificially caused in Florida and Georgia. In the late 1960s, the New York and Chicago subways studied the vulnerability of passengers to covert biological attacks, for which they launched a hay stick underground. In 1963-1969, the Pentagon dropped several types of chemical and bacteriological weapons on the ships of its Navy without warning.

Radiation researchers in different years treated adenoids with radium rods, and plutonium injections - stomach cancer (diagnoses were fabricated), gave expectant mothers salts of radioactive iron under the guise of a vitamin drink, detonated nuclear bombs in Nevada and the Marshall Islands, exposed pregnant women to radioactive iodine, fed them to babies.

Monsters among the orphans

Children in general have always been the most desirable audience for scientists. "A study of the influence of value judgments on the fluency of speech in children", conducted in 1939 at the University of Iowa, is known in the literature as the Monster study - a monstrous experiment, although it did not provoke either mass deaths or disabilities, but included only verbal influence.

Psychologist Wendell Johnson and his graduate student Mary Tudor selected 22 children of various ages from an orphanage, and for the next five months, Tudor visited each of them regularly for a 45-minute conversation. Some guys loved her visits because Mary praised them for their reading ability and good speech. Others, after a couple of meetings, began to have problems with speech, communication, behavior and school performance, because the researcher ridiculed them in every possible way and reproached them for mistakes in speech in tete-a-tete.

It must be said that Johnson was guided by a completely scientific, and not perverted interest. The true causes of stuttering have not been established to this day. He believed that it could be provoked even in the absence of physiological prerequisites.

Colleagues at the University of Iowa today call the work of Johnson and Tudor the most comprehensive body of data on stuttering, including the first information about the role of feelings and thoughts of a stutterer. Well, injured children lived with vaccinated complexes until old age.

After completing the study, Mary Tudor returned to the orphanage several times, repentant and hoping to restore self-esteem to the children. The university was silent about the research until 2001, but when the press picked up the trail, it issued an official apology to the victims. In 2003, six of them filed a lawsuit with the State Attorney's Office for moral damages and four years later received $925,000 for all.

Complete eradication of homosexuality in a single country

But the victims of Aubrey Levin's homophobic experiments still cannot count on any satisfaction or at least an official investigation. From 1970 to 1989, South Africa carried out a "cleansing" of the army from homosexuals. Official figures speak of a thousand victims as a result of it, but the real figure is not known to anyone. Information about the program was published in 1995 in the South African newspaper Daily Mail and Guardian. In an interview with the publication, the project leader - former chief psychiatrist of the military hospital Aubrey Levin - stated: "We did not keep people like guinea pigs. We only had patients who wanted to be cured and did it completely voluntarily." He also said that he practiced aversion therapy on gay soldiers, but did not use electric shocks. What happened in South Africa?

In the 1970s and 80s, as part of a program to eradicate homosexuality, about 900 sexual reorientation operations were performed in South African hospitals. Some patients were "treated" with drugs and hormones, others were subjected to radical methods: for example, aversive treatment (hence the name of the project "Aversion"), that is, treatment with disgust. During it, an unacceptable form of behavior is reproduced (for example, excitation of a gay man with pornographic pictures), at the same time, unpleasant sensations are caused in the patient (for example, pain from an electric shock), then a positive stimulus is given (a photo of a naked woman) without exposure to electricity.

Traditional practice allows aversive treatment as a last resort, but even then the unpleasant effect should be equal in strength to a pin prick, and not kick off a person’s shoes, as was the case in Levin’s experiments. The extreme measure of "Aversion" provided for castration or forced sex change, and many of those who suffered this chose suicide instead of living in a strange body. As a result, the "scientific" part of the project, which had no evidence base, failed. And his inspirers got off only with discussions with conscience.

However, sometimes pangs of conscience are enough.

Conscience: take intravenously

Not everyone knows that the achievements of Soviet scientists in the development of poisons surpassed even the level achieved in the experiments of the Nazis. In the "Special Cabinet" ("Laboratory No. 1", "Laboratory X", "Chamber") - a toxicological laboratory established in 1921 in the OGPU-NKVD, under the guidance of Professor Grigory Mairanovsky, a search was carried out for several years for poisons that could not be identified . Tests were conducted on death row inmates: ten people for each drug (this is not counting experiments on animals).

The agony of those who did not die immediately was observed for 10-14 days, then finished off. The desired poison was eventually found. Carbylamincholine chloride, or K-2, killed in 15 minutes and without a trace: independent pathologists diagnosed death from heart failure. In addition to K-2, Mairanovsky worked on the "problem of frankness" during interrogations using drugs, developed dust-like poisons that kill when inhaled ...

The total number of victims brought to science in "Laboratory No. 1" ranges from 150 to 300 people (among them are not only criminals, but also prisoners of war), and the employees of the "Chamber" can be attributed to them. Years later, the convicted Mairanovsky wrote that two of his colleagues committed suicide, two more lost their ability to work, and three became alcoholics.

testicles of eternal youth

Probably, the creation of the ideal poison will always be relevant along with the search for the philosopher's stone and the fountain of youth. For example, our favorite professor Preobrazhensky from "Heart of a Dog" practiced not at all a unique, but quite common method of rejuvenation for the 1920s. His living prototype could be called the American doctor Leo Stanley, if not for the difference in mentalities. The prison chief physician from San Quentin (California) was an adherent of eugenics and tried different ways of purifying the human race: plastic surgery (because external deformity comes from internal, and vice versa), manipulation of the sex glands, and, finally, sterilization.

Since 1918, he conducted experiments on rejuvenation: he transplanted the testicles of young executed criminals into elderly prisoners. Human material quickly became scarce, and animal material was used: the testicles of goats, wild boars and deer. Of these, Stanley prepared a suspension and injected it under the skin of the subjects. Judging by his reports, they noted "a surge of strength and an improvement in well-being." Whether this was a placebo effect or rejuvenation, we do not know, but the doctor promised the prisoners the second.

Another goal of his research was to confirm the hypothesis that criminal behavior depends on hormonal problems. The solution to both was achieved by the practice of sterilization. By 1940, Stanley had exposed 600 prisoners to it. Some of them simply did not want to have children, someone dreamed of rejuvenation (the doctor presented sterilization precisely as a rejuvenating and healing tool), Stanley promised someone a relaxation of the regime. However, his true goal was to pacify the "criminal" genes and sexual instinct, which pushes the criminal to relapse. He continued his research until 1951, and given his contribution to the reform of medical institutions, this activity does not seem completely pointless.

"Hostel" door Dr. Cotton

In contrast to the research of the psychiatrist himself, Alzheimer's student Henry Cotton, at the age of 30 (since 1907), led a psychiatric hospital in Trenton (New Jersey). The chair of the head physician provided him with ample opportunities for practical testing of his hypothesis about the source of mental disorders. He believed that the infection drives people crazy, and its focus is, first of all, bad teeth. They are very close to the brain! So the first procedure that Cotton's insane (and not quite) patients went through was tooth extractions.

If it did not help, the infection was further searched for by poking (or cutting off): in the palatine tonsils, gallbladder, intestines, stomach, testicles, ovaries ... Even the Cotton family did not escape "Surgical bacteriology" (this is the author's name of the method). He pulled out the teeth of his wife, two sons and himself, of course. The premise of the latter was a nervous breakdown due to an investigation launched in his hospital by a commission from the state senate.

Despite the data on the high efficiency of the method (85 percent of those healed), which the doctor himself actively disseminated in speeches and articles, and the high popularity of the Trenton Hospital (even the rich and famous arranged their loved ones there for a lot of money), in 1924 the board of trustees sensed something was wrong and contacted Johns Hopkins University for advice. Dr. Phyllis Greenacre, who was sent to the hospital to check the statistics, found that only 8 percent of Cotton's patients recover, 41.9 percent do not feel better, and 43.4 die. Moreover, 8 percent are those who were not treated, and just 43.4% of the dead experienced Cotton's practice.

The true reasons for this state of affairs were to be clarified by the investigation of the commission formed by the State Senate, but it only managed to begin its work. Eminent colleagues and even politicians stood up for Cotton, so he calmly returned to work, and after five years he retired with honor. There were no hunters to continue his work.

Good news

Now what to do with such news about the dark sides of scientific curiosity? In the summer of 2014, English-speaking users of the social network Facebook were surprised to learn that 689,003 of them imperceptibly played the role of test subjects in a joint experiment between American scientists and their favorite social network. Results published in a scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, said: "Emotional states can be transmitted to other people through emotional contagion, as a result of which they can, without realizing it, experience the same emotions." This means that fun and despondency are equally contagious. Infection does not prevent even the absence of direct contact. The experiment was simple: one group of subjects was diluted with a positive news feed, the other was aggravated by the negative. Users immediately responded: the lucky ones with "funny" ribbons themselves began to make optimistic entries on the page, and the group, attacked by depressive posts, began to post negative ones.

Activists criticized the researchers' methods and even suggested that negative content was the last straw for some. But with equal success, a third-party positive in the tape could revive hope in someone ... In general, both can be perceived as a small step forward in improving the ways of manipulating the audience. So question and analyze everything that comes to your attention, while not forgetting the likelihood at any time to be part of someone else's experiment.

I recently had a chance to get acquainted with one amusing book called "The Secret Weapon of the Soviets". The author of the journalism is a certain Jeff Strasberg - a historian from the USA. A very curious picture is drawn by an American, saying that for several years in the USSR, work was underway on a particularly secret project to create Red Army soldiers with bioprostheses immune to pain. As the author writes, 300 volunteers of Komsomol age participated in the experiment, and cites documentary evidence of eyewitnesses as evidence. This whole story is reminiscent of the plot of a science fiction film, if this were the only source of information about the Soviet "super soldiers". It turns out that investigations about such experiments on soldiers were also carried out in Russia ...

The military was not stuffed with any chemicals and doping. Gold electrodes were implanted into their brains to prevent pain, and the bones of the limbs were replaced with titanium prostheses, which protected soft tissues during a mine or projectile explosion, as well as from bullet damage. In this case, any wound had the character of a "through" one, and did not threaten with fragmentation of bones and amputation.

Strasberg claims that about 300 volunteers of Komsomol age participated in the experiment (although participation was rather voluntary-compulsory). They took a non-disclosure agreement from all the soldiers, and for the disclosure of "military secrets" they were supposed to be shot!

Half of the test subjects subsequently dispersed to military districts, and from the other half they formed a special landing unit. A week before the start of the Great Patriotic War, it was relocated to the Brest region, where it was completely destroyed by German artillery on the very first day of the war. Perhaps intelligence reported to the Nazis in advance about the "super-soldiers".

But there were still 150 victims of monstrous experiments on human flesh. Or maybe there were more? In 1945, the American allies seized a secret medical center in Germany. Inside were several dozens of opened corpses that belonged to Soviet servicemen. The bones of the bodies were replaced with steel prostheses. For example, among them lay the corpse of an officer with metal ribs. Several people were artificially turned into dwarfs - usually pilots were made of them, since short people were less vulnerable to the enemy and, moreover, they could take more fuel and ammunition on board the aircraft.

The work of the center for the production of "universal soldiers" was interrupted with the outbreak of war: almost all of its employees were mobilized into the army and died at the front. It is possible that the special services took care of this: it was simply dangerous to leave such witnesses alive.

After the war, the project was finally closed as unpromising: an atomic bomb appeared, and the idea of ​​​​terminator fighters was recognized as obsolete. As it turned out, Strasberg's book is not the only source of information about "super soldiers".

In 1994, Vitebsk physician Sergei Konovalenko found human remains in an old cemetery outside the city. Obviously, one of the graves was washed away by river water, and the contents were brought to the surface. He was surprised that the bone frame was connected to metal prostheses on hinges. The prostheses clearly replaced human bones, and not just arms and legs. On each of them one could see an asterisk with a sickle and a hammer, and under it there was an inscription: “Kharkov. 05.39. ACH".

Konovalenko did not touch the find, as he considered it blasphemy. Two days later, he passed by again, but the mysterious remains had already disappeared: either they were washed away by rain into the river, or someone picked them up.

Sergei could not forget about this story and decided to investigate. So he found out that before the war in Vitebsk there was a secret center for military prosthetics. But they did not make ordinary prosthetic limbs at all. Completely healthy Red Army soldiers were replaced with artificial bones and joints...

During his “investigation”, Sergei Konovalenko came across a cassette with a copy of a video film intended “for official use”. The footage looked creepy: a soldier’s leg was cut at the knee and the bones were taken out, then something metal was thrust into the leg, which was deflated like a football chamber ... At the same time, the commentator said that the operation was carried out without anesthesia, since the center of pain was removed from the human brain . And indeed, a smile plays on the face of a Red Army soldier who is subjected to these inhuman manipulations... In the second plot, the soldier's arm is cut at the elbow - blood spurts like a fountain... And again the "volunteer" smiles shyly...

According to Konovalenko, many people died after such operations - foreign bodies did not take root well in the body. And most soldiers with disabled pain centers later developed brain tumors or mental illness. Alas, Soviet military surgeons never managed to create an army of invincible soldiers. Technologies at that time did not allow to make the project a reality. It must be assumed that today, with sufficient funding, this is quite realistic, although not entirely humane ...