JEAN-JACQUES RUSSO

JULIA, or NEW ELOISE

Translation from French.

I. Vertsman PHILOSOPHICAL AND LYRICAL NOVEL OF THE XVIII CENTURY

The author wrote two prefaces to The New Eloise - one short, one and a half pages long, the other long, in the form of a dialogue between the author and the alleged critic. A short preface stuns us with the statement: “Big cities need spectacles, corrupt peoples need novels ... Why don’t I live in an age when I should have put them on fire!”

Strange declaration! Why, then, was it necessary to compose another novel, thereby aggravating the moral corruption of peoples? A paradox in the mouth of everyone, but not Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His complex, largely contradictory worldview should be familiarized at least in general terms.

He described his uneven, difficult, sometimes painful life with the pen of a brilliant artist in his autobiographical book “Confession”, which sheds light on many mysterious places in the work that lies before the reader. From this book we learn: born in 1712 in the family of a watchmaker, Rousseau spent his childhood and youth in Geneva; in the engraving workshop, he first realized how bad it was to be "a miserable apprentice from the poor quarter of Saint-Gervais." He left the workshop, experienced a bitter sense of humiliation when hunger forced him to put on the livery of a footman. In the house of the woman who sheltered him, Madame de Varence, he got the opportunity to read good books. Here he stayed for more than ten years, then went to Paris in 1711 and soon attracted the attention of the Enlightenment figures, among whom were Voltaire, Montesquieu, Holbach, well-known throughout Europe, as well as Diderot and d'Alembert - the publishers of the famous "Encyclopedia", where and Rousseau soon began writing articles on music. However, he disagreed with the enlighteners in his views on society as a whole and the spiritual life of an individual.

Rousseau's treatise "On the Influence of Arts and Sciences on Morals" (1750), as well as his treatise "On the Origin of Inequality Among Men" (1754), were addressed not only to the two ruling classes, but also to the educated top of the third, and the meaning of this appeal is approximately as follows: if you, gentlemen, believe in the universal power of progress, saving for the whole human race, then why are trade, industry, sciences, arts serving parasites drowning in luxury, while workers - the overwhelming majority of every nation - are deprived of the necessary means of subsistence? Telling how inequality between people arose and deepened, and with it oppression, despotism, slavery, Rousseau idealizes the most elementary forms of life and work, right up to the era of savagery, which did not know any temptations of civilization. The Enlighteners, who also invented incredibly sane savages for their philosophical novels, did not agree, however, with Rousseau when, out of an effort to exalt the poorest strata of the third estate, he glorified ignorance. But extreme judgments sometimes excite the mind more than strictly weighed ones; the paradoxical conclusions of Rousseau, who seemed to have completely crossed out the values ​​of culture, excited the social thought of that time, and later too.

In the sphere of politics, Rousseau's thought is especially decisive. Comparing Switzerland with France, he more often praised than condemned the system and morals of the first - a bourgeois republic for him is always better than a feudal monarchy, although in his native city he sees inequality of fortunes and rights, the antagonism of rich and poor. Observing in 1737 a civil war between the government and the people, he “was seized by the first impulse of patriotism, which was aroused [in him] by Geneva, who had risen in arms” (“Confession”, book 5). Already in his youth, his fantasy painted for himself a noble spectacle of freedom, “a picture of equality, unity, meek morals,” but he considers it a “delusion” that he “saw all this in his homeland.” The republican Rousseau is a fully formed democrat who rejects the possibility of persuasion, arguments of logic to induce those in power - be it the monarch and the nobility, or the Council of Two Hundred and the Small Council of the bourgeois patriciate - to give up at least a fraction of their privileges. In relation to those in power, Rousseau is uncompromising, while the enlighteners paid tribute to the illusion of "enlightened absolutism." In the treatise "On the Social Contract" (1761), Rousseau proceeds from a certain "general will" of civil society, from the principle of harmony of interests, only guessing about the class struggle; he imagines the republic of the future as a realm of equality and moderate, mutually coordinated needs. Although this turned out to be practically impossible, the treatise of Rousseau, who formulated the idea of ​​popular sovereignty and the right of the people to overthrow tyrants, is one of the peaks of the political thought of bourgeois democracy, in any case, the most revolutionary work of that time.

But this is not all Rousseau. When in France and Switzerland his ideas, which were declared threatening the foundations of order, were opposed by parliaments, bishops, the Calvinist consistory, and former collaborators-encyclopedists - Rousseau, however, renounced them himself - attributed to him the unbearable character of an eccentric misanthrope, he thought about "terrible illusiveness of human relations", from which he increasingly runs to the "creator of sweet nature." Not of the nature that serves as the field of action of the savage or Robinson, but that which surrounds us as soon as we leave the noisy streets of the city; not to that inhospitable god who is depicted by the pastors of all churches, but to the Friend-comforter, who is only alienated from us by intermediaries in the person of the clergy. Jean-Jacques' own spiritual life amazes, on the one hand, with a mysterious power, on the other hand, with a defenselessness before a rough, insulting reality at every step. An advocate of spiritual simplicity, moral chastity, Rousseau is always philanthropic, sociable, and in "Confessions" and in "Walks of a Lonely Dreamer" he gives the impression of an individualist falling into melancholy, or an ingot of a self-proud individualist. In fact, speaking about his successes, about the glory achieved and frankly flaunting his sins and mistakes, Rousseau lets us know that they are redeemed not so much by his unique originality, which is higher than inherited nobility, but by the great social and moral truth that he suffered. and which it now brings to people, to all mankind.

Offering us a kind of anti-aesthetics, hostile to all the arts without exception, Rousseau rightfully stigmatizes his own work of art. It is perplexing why it was necessary to work on it; Another question, much broader, also emerges: Rousseau's contribution to the cause of the "moral corruption" of mankind is by no means limited to the "New Eloise". Well, Rousseau is not unarmed against such a reproach and deflects it from the alleged critic with the code name N in the second preface to his novel: “Reread the Letter on Spectacles and reread this collection,” says the critic. - Be consistent or give up your views ... "This refers to the fact that, despite the "Letter to d'Alembert" (1758), where the theater is declared the most harmful, most immoral institution, Rousseau composed merry plays, librettos and music for operas , - his musical comedy "The Village Sorcerer" (1752) was staged at court, and the king himself admired it. One could recall Monsieur N still other "sins" of Rousseau: the monodrama "Pygmalion" (1770), poems, poems, romances, an allegorical fairy tale.

This term has other meanings, see Julia (meanings). Julia Greek Genus: female. Production forms: Julia, Julia, Yulechka, Yulenka, Yulyusya Foreign language analogues: English. German Jul ... Wikipedia

Rousseau J.J. RUSSO J.J. Jean Jacques (Jean Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778) French writer, one of the greatest thinkers of the 18th century. Born in Geneva. Watchmaker's son. He passed a life full of hardships, experienced the brunt of noble arrogance and ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this last name, see Rousseau. Jean Jacques Rousseau ... Wikipedia

I Russo (Russo) Alecu, Moldavian and Romanian writer. Studied in Switzerland and Vienna. Upon returning to his homeland, he joined the democratic movement. In the comedy "Zhiknicherul" that has not come down to us ... ...

Rousseau Jean Jacques (June 28, 1712, Geneva - July 2, 1778, Ermenonville, near Paris), French philosopher, educator, writer, composer. Watchmaker's son. He served as a footman, scribe, tutor, music teacher, etc. Until 1741 he lived in Switzerland, then ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (Rousseau) Jean Jacques (1712 1778) Swiss. citizen of fr. origin, writing in French. language and lived most of his life in France, the largest thinker and writer of the Enlightenment. Participated in the creation of the "Encyclopedia" by D. Diderot and D. Alamber, ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Novel. The history of the term. The problem of the novel. The emergence of the genre From the history of the genre. Conclusions. The novel as a bourgeois epic. The fate of the theory of the novel. The specificity of the form of the novel. The origin of the novel. The novel's conquest of everyday reality... Literary Encyclopedia

- (Rousseau) (1712 1778), French writer and philosopher. representative of sentimentalism. From the standpoint of deism, he condemned the official church and religious intolerance. In the writings "Discourse on the beginning and foundations of inequality ..." (1755), "On ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1712 78) French writer and philosopher. representative of sentimentalism. From the standpoint of deism, he condemned the official church and religious intolerance. In the writings Discourse on the beginning and foundations of inequality ... (1755), On the social contract ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Pierre Abailard ... Wikipedia

Books

• Julia, or New Eloise. Volumes 1 and 3 (set of 2 books), J.-J. Rousseau. Life edition. Amsterdam, 1763 Published by Marc Michel Rey. The edition is illustrated with engravings on separate sheets. Antique full leather bindings. Bandage roots. Safety…
• Julia, or the New Eloise, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau's book is a manifesto for the freedom of feeling; a genuine manifesto in which the golden words are written: `Let people occupy a position by dignity, and let the union of hearts be by choice, - here ...

Julia, or the new Eloise. Philosophical-lyric novel (1761)

"I observed the mores of my time and published these letters," the author writes in the "Preface" to his essay.

Small Swiss town.

The educated and sensitive commoner Saint-Preux, like Abelard, falls in love with his student Julia, the daughter of Baron d'Etange. And although the harsh fate of a medieval philosopher does not threaten him, he knows that the baron will never agree to marry his daughter to an unborn person.

Julia responds to Saint-Preux with the same ardent love. However, brought up in strict rules, she does not imagine love without marriage, and marriage - without the consent of her parents. “Take vain power, my friend, leave honor to me. I am ready to become your slave, but to live in innocence, I do not want to gain dominion over you at the cost of my dishonor,” Julia writes to her beloved. "The more I am fascinated by you, the more elevated my feelings become," he answers her. Every day, with every letter, Julia becomes more and more attached to Saint-Preux, and he "languishes and burns", the fire flowing through his veins, "nothing can extinguish<...>, nor quench."

Clara, Julia's cousin, patronizes lovers. In her presence, Saint-Preux plucks a delightful kiss from Julia's lips, from which he "never be healed." "Oh, Julia, Julia! Is it possible that our union is impossible! Is it possible that our life will flow apart and we are destined for eternal separation?" he exclaims.

Julia learns that her father has chosen her husband - his old friend, Mr. de Volmar, and in desperation calls for her lover. Saint-Preux persuades the girl to run away with him, but she refuses: her escape will "stab a dagger in her mother's chest" and "grieve the best of fathers." Torn apart by conflicting feelings, Julia, in a fit of passion, becomes Saint-Preux's mistress and immediately bitterly regrets it.

“Not understanding what I was doing, I chose my own death. I forgot about everything, I thought only about my love. I slipped into the abyss of shame, from where there is no return for a girl,” she confides in Clara. Clara comforts her friend, reminding her that her sacrifice has been made on the altar of pure love.

Saint-Preux suffers from Julia's suffering. He is offended by the repentance of his beloved. "So, I am only worthy of contempt, if you despise yourself for being united with me, if the joy of my life is torment for you?" he asks. Julia finally admits that only "love is the cornerstone of all our lives." "There are no bonds in the world more chaste than the bonds of true love. Only love, its divine fire, can purify our natural inclinations, focusing all thoughts on a beloved subject. The flame of love ennobles and purifies love caresses; decency and decency accompany it even in the bosom of voluptuous bliss, and only she knows how to combine all this with ardent desires, but without violating modesty. Unable to fight the passion any longer, Julia calls on Saint-Preux for a date night.

Dates are repeated, Saint-Preux is happy, he revels in the love of his "unearthly angel." But in society, the impregnable beauty Julia is liked by many men, including the noble English traveler Edward Bomston; my lord constantly praises her. Once, in a male company, Sir Bomston, heated up by wine, speaks especially passionately about Julia, which causes a sharp displeasure of Saint Preux.

Julia's lover challenges the Englishman to a duel.

Mr. d'Orb, in love with Clara, tells the lady of his heart about what happened, and she tells Julia. Julia begs her lover to refuse the duel: the Englishman is a dangerous and formidable opponent. Julia also writes to Sir Edward: she confesses to him that Saint Preux is her lover and she "adores him." If he kills Saint Preux, he will kill two at once, for she "will not live a day" after the death of her lover.

The noble Sir Edward, before witnesses, apologizes to Saint Preux. Bomston and Saint Preux become friends. An Englishman with participation refers to the troubles of lovers. Having met Yulia's father in the company, he tries to convince him that marriage ties with the unknown, but talented and noble Saint-Preux in no way infringe on the noble dignity of the d'Etange family. However, the baron is adamant.

Saint-Preux is in despair; Julia is confused. She envies Clara: her feelings for Monsieur d'Orbu are calm and even, and her father is not going to oppose her daughter's choice.

Saint-Preux parted ways with Sir Edward and went to Paris. From there, he sends Julia lengthy descriptions of the mores of Parisian society. Yielding to the general pursuit of pleasure, Saint Preux cheats on Julia and writes her a letter of repentance. Julia forgives her lover, but warns him: it is easy to step on the path of debauchery, but it is impossible to leave it.

Unexpectedly, Yulia's mother discovers her daughter's correspondence with her lover. The good Madame d'Etange has nothing against Saint-Prex, but knowing that Julia's father will never give his consent to her daughter's marriage to a "rootless vagabond", she is tormented by remorse that she failed to save her daughter, and soon dies. Julia, considering herself the culprit of her mother's death, dutifully agrees to become Volmar's wife. "The time has come to give up the delusions of youth and deceitful hopes; I will never belong to you," she tells Saint Preux. "Oh love! Is it possible to avenge you for the loss of loved ones!" - exclaims Saint-Preux in a woeful letter to Clara, who has become Madame d'Orbe.

Reasonable Clara asks Saint-Prex not to write to Julia anymore: she "married and will make a decent man happy, who wants to connect his fate with her fate." Moreover, Madame d'Orb believes that, having married, Julia saved both lovers - "herself from shame, and you, who deprived her of honor, from repentance."

Julia returns to the bosom of virtue. She again sees "all the abomination of sin", a love for prudence awakens in her, she praises her father for having given her under the protection of a worthy spouse, "endowed with a meek disposition and pleasantness." Monsieur de Volmar is about fifty years old. Thanks to a calm, measured life and spiritual serenity, he retained his health and freshness - you can’t even give him forty in appearance ... “He has a noble and disposing appearance, his manner is simple and sincere; he speaks little, and his speeches are full of deep meaning,” - Julia describes her husband. Wol-mar loves his wife, but his passion is "smooth and restrained," for he always acts as "reason tells him."

Saint-Preux goes on a voyage around the world, and for several years there is no news of him. Returning, he immediately writes to Clara, announcing his desire to see her and, of course, Julia, for "nowhere in the whole world" he met anyone "who could console a loving heart" ...

The closer Switzerland and the village of Clarens, where Julia now lives, the more worried Saint-Preux. And finally - the long-awaited meeting. Julia, an exemplary wife and mother, introduces her two sons to Saint Preux. Wolmar himself escorts the guest to the apartments allotted to him and, seeing his embarrassment, instructs him: “Our friendship begins, here are her dear bonds. Embrace Julia ... The more sincere your relationship becomes, the better opinion I will have of you. alone with her, act as if I were with you, or in my presence, act as if I were not near you. That is all I ask of you." Saint-Preux begins to comprehend the "sweet charm" of innocent friendships.

The longer Saint-Preux stays with the Wolmars, the more he respects his hosts. Everything in the house breathes virtue; the family lives prosperously, but without luxury, the servants are respectful and devoted to their masters, the workers are diligent thanks to a special system of rewards, in a word, no one is "bored by idleness and idleness" and "the pleasant is combined with the useful." The owners take part in rural festivities, go into all the details of housekeeping, lead a measured lifestyle and pay great attention to healthy eating.

Clara, who lost her husband a few years ago, heeded her friend's requests and moved to the Volma-rams - Julia had long ago decided to take up the upbringing of her little daughter. At the same time, Mr. de Volmar offers Saint-Preux to become a mentor to his sons - boys should be raised by a man. After much mental anguish, Saint Preux agrees - he feels that he will be able to justify the trust placed in him. But before embarking on his new duties, he goes to Italy, to Sir Edward.

Bom-ston fell in love with a former courtesan, is going to marry her, thus abandoning the brilliant prospects for the future. Saint Preux, filled with high moral principles, saves his friend from a fatal step, convincing the girl, for the sake of love for Sir Edward, to reject his proposal and go to the monastery. Duty and virtue triumph.

Wolmar approves of Saint Preux's act, Julia is proud of her former lover and rejoices in the friendship that unites them "as an unprecedented transformation of feelings." “Let us dare to praise ourselves for the fact that we have enough strength not to stray from the straight path,” she writes to Saint Preux.

So, all the heroes are waiting for a quiet and cloudless happiness, passions are driven away, my lord Edward receives an invitation to settle in Claran with his friends. However, the ways of fate are inscrutable.

During a walk, the youngest son of Yulia falls into the river, she rushes to his aid and pulls him out, but, having caught a cold, she falls ill and soon dies.

In her last hour, she writes to Saint-Preux that her death is a blessing from heaven, for "thus it has delivered us from terrible disasters" - who knows how everything could change if she and Saint-Preux again began to live under one roof.

Julia admits that the first feeling, which became the meaning of life for her, only hid in her heart: in the name of duty, she did everything that depended on her will, but in her heart she is not free, and if it belongs to Saint-Pre, then this her torment, not sin. “I thought that I was afraid for you, but, undoubtedly, I was afraid for myself. For many years I lived happily and virtuously.

That's enough. And what is the joy of my life now? Let the sky take my life, I have nothing to regret about it, and even my honor will be saved.

"I buy the price of life the right to love you with eternal love, in which there is no sin, and the right to say for the last time:" I love you.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://lib.rin.ru/cgi-bin/index.pl were used

Julia calmly accept the thought of death, anticipating that eternal bliss and eternal love await her in heaven. Conclusion. The novel "Julia, or New Eloise" is considered the first "ideological novel" in French literature. And that's why. In the image of Julia (however, like many other characters), Rousseau portrayed his ideal of a woman, his views on her behavior and actions. No one before him could...

Calls Saint Preux and in a fit of passion becomes his mistress. After a while, the girl bitterly regrets her rash act. San Pre and himself suffers, watching the bitterness of his beloved. And Julia is unable to fight passion, so she again calls on Saint-Preux for a date. Their meetings are wonderful, but one day Saint Preux hears an English traveler, Edward Bomston, in a male company...

To develop naturalness in the child, to instill a sense of freedom and independence, a desire for work, to respect the personality in him and all useful and reasonable inclinations. 3 Concrete Views on Culture Jean-Jacques Rousseau entered the history of the French Enlightenment as a peculiar, original thinker who contributed to the awakening and preparation of France in the 18th century for an anti-feudal revolution. It is clear...

His preference for everything "average", ordinary. So, the heroes of his novel are not characterized by either physical or moral superiority; in their everyday life they are like "the best prints" (Rousseau). Any social quality is measured, according to R., by the degree of approximation to the level of "normal" or "natural", that is, a person unspoiled by civilization. In this norm or "normality" R., ...

"Julia, or New Eloise"(fr. Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloise listen)) is a novel in letters, written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1757-1760. One of the central works of sentimentalist literature, which gave rise to the vogue for "country taste" and Swiss landscapes.

The second part of the title refers the reader to the medieval love story of Heloise and Abelard, which is similar to the fate of the main characters of the novel, Julia d'Etange and Saint Preux. The novel was a huge hit with contemporaries. In the first 40 years, the New Eloise was only officially reprinted 70 times, a success that no other work of French literature of the 18th century had.

Plot

Saint Preux, a gifted young man of humble origin, works in an estate on the shores of a Swiss lake as a home teacher to the daughter of Baron d'Etange and, like the medieval Abelard, falls in love with his student, Julia. She reciprocates his feelings and even gives him the first kiss. She understands that cohabitation without marriage cannot be approved by her parents, and her father will never approve of marriage with a person of lower status (after all, he has long identified her old friend de Volmar as her husband).

Giving in to her feelings, Julia is getting closer and closer to Saint Preux and agrees to a nightly date with him. When Saint-Preux, in a temper, challenges another admirer of the girl, my lord Edward, Julia reconciles the enemies, and they become best friends. The old baron, having learned about their connection, forbids his daughter to meet with Saint-Preux. Milord takes his friend to distant lands, not allowing him to say goodbye to his beloved. However, they continue to correspond. The discovery of correspondence by Yulia's mother turns into such unrest for her that she prematurely descends into the grave. In a fit of repentance, Julia accepts an offer to marry the venerable Wolmar.

A few years later, Saint Preux returns to the estate from a trip around the world. He sees Julia de Volmar surrounded by two sons. Wolmar, a respected man of high merits, invites him to take up the education of the latter. Saint-Preux expects to become just a friend for Julia, but deep down he doubts how much this is possible. Julia, saving her son who fell into the river, catches a cold. Her cold turns out to be fatal. In her last letter to Saint Preux, she admits that she has loved only him all her life, and thanks fate for saving her virtue from new trials.

Main heroes

History of creation

Sophie d'Udeto, the prototype of Julia in the novel "The New Eloise"

Composition of the novel

The novel consists of 6 parts. The title page contains an epigraph in Italian, taken from Petrarch's sonnet on the death of Laura:

The title of the novel is followed by the subtitle: “Letters from two lovers living in a small town at the foot of the Alps. Collected and published by J.-J. Rousseau." In this way, Rousseau gave greater credibility to the story told, acting not as a writer, but as a friend of the heroes who collected and published their letters.

A few days after the novel's first release, on February 18, 1761, Rousseau separately published a "Second Preface" to the novel, written in the form of a dialogue between author and publisher.

The Paris edition of 1764 added a "List of Letters" with a summary of each. Rousseau himself did not take part in this, but later approved the idea, and it is usually included in complete editions of the novel.

The “Plots of Engravings” became a standard part of the editions, in which Rousseau describes in detail the plots and requirements for the execution of all 12 engravings for the first edition.

On the contrary, Rousseau excluded the inserted novella The Love Story of My Lord Edward Bomston from his lifetime publications, as he considered that in its tone it contradicted the general style of the novel and the “touching simplicity” of its plot. The novella was first published after Rousseau's death in the Geneva edition of 1780.

Success

Marie Antoinette's Versailles Farm

The "New Eloise" contributed to the spread of the Rousseauist cult of rural life. Yes, the French Queen

Julia or New Eloise

The material was "taken away" from the site http: // site /

The novel by Jean-Jacques Rousseau "Julia or the new Eloise" is written in the epistolary genre, is a sentimental prose. It took the author 3 years to write it (from 1757 to 1760). The novel first appeared in publication in Amsterdam, leaving Rey's printing house in the winter of 1761.

Title page of the first edition of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Julia or the New Eloise

The fate of the main characters of the work, Saint Preux and Julia d'Etange, in many respects has something in common with the love story of Abelard and Eloise, who lived in the Middle Ages. Rousseau's contemporaries were so delighted with this work that in the first 40 years after its first publication, the novel was reprinted 70 times. None of the works of French authors of the 18th century knew such success.

Characters of the novel "Julia or the new Eloise"

Julia - Main character. Blond hair, soft gentle features. From the outside it seems the most modesty and charm. It traces the natural charm and the absence of the slightest affectation. Graceful simplicity shines through in her clothes, sometimes even some negligence, which, however, suits her more than the most magnificent outfit. Prefers to wear little jewelry, but picks them up with great taste. The chest is covered, but as befits a modest girl, not a hypocrite.

Falls in love with his teacher Saint Preux. They start dating secretly. However, after her father's categorical refusal to marry a penniless man, she has no choice but to marry a more suitable man - the nobleman de Volmar. However, she continues to love Saint Preux.

Clara- Julia's cousin. Perky brunette. The look is more sly, more energetic and cheerful than that of Yulia. He dresses smarter and almost coquettishly. However, modesty and good-nature can be traced in her appearance.

Saint Preux Julia's friend and teacher. A young man of ordinary appearance. There is nothing fancy about it. The face, however, is interesting and speaks of sensuality. He dresses very simply, is rather shy and usually embarrassed in the presence of people, does not know how to behave. In moments of passionate excitement, everything boils.

Saint Preux is a pseudonym given to him by Julia herself. Literally means "Holy Knight". His real name is never revealed, only the initials S.G.

Baron D'Etange Julia's father. Appears only once in the novel.

Upon learning of the daughter's secret relationship, he will be terribly angry. Will speak sharply against the unequal marriage with Saint-Preux. That will have to leave. The title for Julia's father will be more precious than the true feelings and true happiness of his daughter.

My Lord Edward Bomston- An Englishman and nobleman. It is distinguished by a majestic appearance, which comes more from the mental warehouse than from the consciousness of its high rank. The features of the face are marked by the seal of courage and nobility, but at the same time they are interspersed with some sharpness and severity. He has a stern and stoic look, behind which Edward can hardly restrain his sensitivity. He is dressed in English fashion. He wears clothes befitting a noble person, but far from luxurious.

First, Saint-Preux, because of Julia, will challenge him to a duel, which in the end will be averted. Subsequently, Edward will become a close friend to his lover and teacher Julia Saint-Preux.

Mister de Volmar Julia's husband. Differs in a cold and sublime posture. There is nothing fake or fake about it. Makes few gestures. He has a sharp mind and a rather penetrating look. He studies people without any pretentiousness.

De Volmar is a close friend of Julia's father. In gratitude for the service rendered to him, Baron D'Etange promises him the hand of his daughter. He is aware of Julia's love for Saint-Preux and their relationship, but he is inclined to believe their nobility and sense of duty, which will save them from further secret meetings.

So, Julia will become the wife of an unloved person and give birth to two boys and a girl.