Didactic manual for the lessons of literary reading in grades 1-4 "Children's writers in elementary school"
Stupchenko Irina Nikolaevna, primary school teacher of the first category, MBOU secondary school No. 5, town. Yablonovsky, Republic of Adygea
Target: Acquaintance with children's writers and their work
Tasks: show interest in the work of Russian and foreign writers and poets, develop the desire to read children's fiction; develop cognitive interests, creative thinking, fantasy, speech, replenish active vocabulary
Equipment: portraits of writers and poets, exhibition of books, illustrations for fairy tales
HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN (1805-1875)
The writer was born on April 2 in the city of Odense, located in the European country of Denmark, in the family of a shoemaker. Little Hans loved to sing, read poetry and dreamed of becoming an actor. When he studied at the gymnasium, he published his first poems. And becoming a university student, he began to write and publish novels. Andersen loved to travel and traveled to Africa, Asia and Europe.
Popularity came to the writer in 1835, after the publication of the collection Tales Told for Children. It included "The Princess and the Pea", "Swineherd", "Flint", "Wild Swans", "The Little Mermaid", "The King's New Dress", "Thumbelina". The writer wrote 156 fairy tales. The most popular of them are The Steadfast Tin Soldier2 (1838), The Nightingale (1843), The Ugly Duckling (1843), The Snow Queen (1844).
In our country, interest in the work of the Danish storyteller arose during his lifetime, when his fairy tales were translated into Russian.
HK Andersen's birthday has been declared International Children's Book Day.
AGNIA LVOVNA BARTO (1906-1981)
She was born on February 17 in the family of a veterinarian. She spent a lot of time in choreography classes, but she gave preference to literature. Her idols were K. I. Chukovsky, S. Ya. Marshak, V. V. Mayakovsky. The first book of the writer was published in 1925.
Agnia Lvovna wrote poems for children "Bear Thief" (1925), "Girl-Revushka" (1930), "Toys" (1936), "Bullfinch" (1939), "First Grader" (1944), "To School" ( 1966), I Grow Up (1969), and many others.
During the Great Patriotic War, Agniya Barto often traveled to the front with speeches, and also spoke on the radio.
The poems of A.L. Barto are known to readers all over the world.
VITALY VALENTINOVICH BIANKI (1894-1959)
Born on February 11 in St. Petersburg in the family of an ornithologist. From childhood, the writer was instilled with an interest in nature. After graduating from university, the writer went on expeditions throughout Russia.
Bianchi is the founder of the natural history trend in children's literature.
He began his literary activity in 1923 by publishing the fairy tale "The Journey of the Red-Headed Sparrow". And after The First Hunt (1924), Whose nose is better? (1924), "Tails" (1928), "Mouse Peak" (1928), "The Adventures of an Ant" (1936). To this day, the novels and stories “The Last Shot” (1928), “Dzhulbars” (1937), “Forest were and fables” (1952) are very popular. And, of course, the famous Forest Newspaper (1928) is of great interest to all readers.
JACOB and WILHELM GRIMM (1785-1863; 1786-1859)
The Grimm brothers were born into the family of an official, and lived in a kind and prosperous atmosphere.
The Grimm brothers successfully graduated from high school, received a law degree, and served as professors at the university. They are the authors of the German Grammar and the German Dictionary.
But the fairy tales “The Bremen Town Musicians”, “The Pot of Porridge”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Puss in Boots”, “Snow White”, “Seven Brave Men” and others brought glory to the writers.
The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm have been translated into many languages of the world, including Russian.
VICTOR YUZEFOVYCH DRAGUNSKY (1913-1972)
V. Dragunsky was born in America, but after his birth the family returned to Russia. The boy began his labor activity at the age of 16, working as a saddler, boatman, actor. In 1940, he tried his hand at literary work (he created texts and monologues for circus and theater artists).
The first stories of the writer appeared in the magazine "Murzilka" in 1959. And in 1961, Dragunsky's first book was published, which included 16 stories about Denisk and his friend Mishka.
Dragunsky wrote more than 100 stories and thus made a huge contribution to the development of children's humorous literature.
SERGEY ALEKSANDROVICH ESENIN (1895-1925)
Born October 3 in a peasant family. He graduated from a rural school and a church teacher's school, after which he moved to Moscow.
The poem "Birch" (1913) was the first poem of the great Russian poet. It was published in the children's magazine Mirok. And although the poet practically did not write for children, many of his works were included in the circle of children's reading: “Winter sings, calls out ...” (1910), “Good morning!” (1914), "Powder" (1914), "Grandma's Tales" (1915), "Bird Cherry" (1915), "Fields are compressed, groves are bare ..." (1918)
BORIS VLADIMIROVICH ZAKHODER (1918-2000)
Born on September 9 in Moldova. He graduated from school in Moscow. After he studied at the Literary Institute.
In 1955, Zakhoder's poems were published in the collection On the Back Desk. In 1958 - "Nobody and Others", in 1960 - "Who Looks Like Who?", in 1970 - "School for Chicks", in 1980 - "My Imagination". The author also wrote the fairy tales "Monkey's Tomorrow" (1956), "The Little Mermaid" (1967), "The Kind Rhino", "Once upon a time there was Fip" (1977)
Boris Zakhoder is the translator of A. Milne "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All", A. Lindgren "The Kid and Carlson", P. Travers "Mary Poppins", L. Carroll "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV (1769-1844)
Born on February 13 in Moscow. Childhood passed in the Urals and in Tver. He received worldwide vocation as a talented fabulist.
He wrote his first fables in 1788, and his first book was published in 1809.
The author wrote over 200 fables.
Recommended for children's reading are Crow and Fox (1807), Wolf and Lamb (1808), Elephant and Pug (1808), Dragonfly and Ant (1808), Quartet (1811), Swan, Pike and Cancer" (1814), "Mirror and Monkey" (1815), "Monkey and Glasses" (1815), "Pig under the Oak" (1825) and many others.
ALEXANDER IVANOVICH KUPRIN (1870-1938)
Born on September 7 in the Penza province in a poor noble family. After the death of his father, he moved with his mother to Moscow, where he was placed in an orphanage. Later he graduated from the Alexander Military School and served in an infantry regiment for several years. But in 1894 he left military affairs. He traveled a lot, worked as a loader, a miner, a circus organizer, flew in a balloon, went down to the seabed in a diving suit, and was an actor.
In 1889 he met A.P. Chekhov, who became both a mentor and a teacher for Kuprin.
The writer creates such works as "The Miraculous Doctor" (1897), "Elephant" (1904), "White Poodle" (1904).
MIKHAIL YURIEVICH LERMONTOV (1814-1841)
Born October 15 in Moscow. He spent his childhood with his grandmother on the Tarkhany estate in the Penza region, where he received an excellent home education.
He began writing his first poems at the age of 14. The first work published in print was the poem "Khadzhi Abrek" (1835)
And such poems as "Sail" (1832), "Two Giants" (1832), "Borodino" (1837), "Three Palm Trees" (1839), "Cliff" (1841) and others entered the circle of children's reading.
The poet died in a duel at the age of 26.
DMITRY NARKISOVICH MAMIN-SIBIRYAK (1852-1912)
Born on November 6 in the family of a priest and a local teacher. He was educated at home, graduated from the Perm Theological Seminary.
He began to print in 1875. Wrote stories and fairy tales for children: "Emelya the hunter" (1884), "In learning" (1892), "Adopted" (1893), "Spit" (1897), "GreySheyka", "Green War", "Stand by", "The Stubborn Goat", "The Tale of the Glorious Tsar Pea and His Beautiful Daughters - Princess Kutafya and Princess Goroshina".
The famous Alyonushka Tales (1894-1897) Dmitry Narkisovich wrote for his sick daughter.
SAMUIL YAKOVLEVICH MARSHAK (1887-1964)
Born on November 3 in the city of Voronezh. Early began to write poetry. In 1920 he created one of the first children's theaters in Krasnodar and wrote plays for it. He is one of the founders of children's literature in Russia.
Everyone knows his works "The Tale of the Silly Mouse" (1923), "Luggage" (1926), "Poodle" (1927, "That's how absent-minded" (1928), "Mustache-striped" (1929), "Children in a Cage" (1923) And many, many widely known and beloved poems and stories in verse.
And the famous stories "Cat's House" (1922), "Twelve Months" (1943), "Teremok" (1946) have long found their readers and remain the most beloved children's works of millions of people of all ages.
SERGEY VLADIMIROVICH MIKHALKOV (1913)
Born March 13 in Moscow in a noble family. He received his primary education at home and immediately entered the 4th grade. Little Sergei liked to write poetry. And in 15 lats the first poem was published.
Fame brought Mikhalkov poem "Uncle Styopa" (1935) and its sequel "Uncle Styopa - a policeman" (1954).
Readers' favorite works are "About Mimosa", "Merry Tourist", "My friend and I", "Vaccination", "My Puppy", "Song of Friends"; Fairy tales "Feast of Disobedience", "Three Little Pigs", "How the old man sold the cow"; fables.
S. Mikhalkov has written more than 200 books for children and adults. He is the author of the anthem of Russia (2001).
NIKOLAI ALEKSEEVICH NEKRASOV (1821-1878)
Born December 10 in Ukraine.
In his work, Nekrasov paid great attention to the life and life of the Russian people, the peasantry. Poems written for children are mostly addressed to simple peasant children.
Schoolchildren know such works as "Green Noise" (1863), "Railway" (1864), "General Toptygin" (1867), "Grandfather Mazaya Hares" (1870), the poem "Peasant Children" (1861).
NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH NOSOV (1908-1976)
Born on November 23 in Kyiv in the family of an actor. The future writer did a lot of self-education, theater and music. After the institute of cinematography, he worked as a film director, director of animated and educational films.
He published his first story "Entertainers" in 1938 in the magazine "Murzilka". Then came the book Knock-Knock-Knock (1945) and the collections Funny Stories (1947), Kolya Sinitsyn's Diary (1951), Vitya Maleev at School and at Home (1951), On the Hill (1953). ), "Dreamers" (1957). The most popular trilogy was The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends (1954), Dunno in the Sunny City (1959), Dunno on the Moon (1965).
Based on his works N.N. Nosov wrote screenplays for the feature films "Two Friends", "Dreamers", "The Adventures of Tolya Klyukvin".
KONSTANTIN GEORGIEVICH PAUSTOVSKY (1892-1968)
Born May 31st. He spent his childhood in Ukraine with his grandfather and grandmother. He studied at the Kyiv gymnasium. Later he moved to Moscow. He worked as a nurse, a tutor, a tram conductor and a factory worker. Traveled a lot.
Since 1921, he began to engage in literary work. There are stories and fairy tales of the writer for children. These are "Badger Nose", "Rubber Boat", "Cat Thief", "Hare Paws".
Later, Lyonka from a Small Lake (1937), Dense Bear (1947), Disheveled Sparrow (1948), Tree Frog (1954), Basket with Fir Cones, Warm Bread and others are published. .
CHARLES PERROT (1628-1703)
Born January 12 in Paris. The collection “Tales of Mother Goose” (1697) brought worldwide fame to the author. We are widely known for the fairy tales “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Donkey Skin”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “Cinderella”, “Bluebeard”, “Puss in Boots”, “Boy with a Thumb”.
In Russia, the tales of the great French storyteller were translated into Russian in 1768 and immediately attracted attention with their riddles, secrets, plots, heroes and magic.
ALEXANDER SERGEEVICH PUSHKIN (1799-1837)
Born June 6 in the family of a nobleman. He received an excellent home education. Pushkin had a nanny, Arina Rodionovna, who told the future poet many Russian fairy tales, which were reflected in the work of the brilliant classic.
A. S. Pushkin did not write specifically for children. But there are wonderful works that were included in the circle of children's reading: “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda” (1830), “The Tale of Tsar Saltan, His Son, the Glorious and Mighty Bogatyr Prince Gvidon Saltanovich, and the Beautiful Swan Princess” (1831 ), "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" (1833), "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs" (1833), "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel" (1834).
On the pages of school textbooks, children get acquainted with such works as the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", "A green oak near the Lukomorye" (1820), excerpts from the novel "Eugene Onegin" (1833): dark cold…”, “That year the autumn weather…”, “Winter! The peasant is triumphant…” They study many poems “Prisoner” (1822), “Winter Evening” (1825), “Winter Road” (1826). "Nanny" (1826), "Autumn" (1833), "Cloud" (1835).
Based on the works of the poet, many feature films and animated films have been shot.
ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH TOLSTOY (1883-1945)
Born on January 10 in the family of a landowner. Received a home primary education, later studied at the Samara School. In 1907 he decided to devote himself to writing. He went abroad, where he wrote the autobiographical story "Nikita's Childhood" (1920).
A. Tolstoy is known to young readers as the author of the fairy tale "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio."
LEV NIKOLAEVICH TOLSTOY (1828-1910)
Born on September 9 in the estate of Krasnaya Polyana in the Tula province in a noble noble family. Received home education. Later he studied at Kazan University. He served in the army, participated in the Crimean War. In 1859 he opened a school for peasant children in Yasnaya Polyana.
In 1872 he created the "ABC". And in 1875 he published a textbook for teaching reading "The New Alphabet" and "Russian Books for Reading". Many people know his works “Filipok”, “Bone”, “Shark”, “Lion and Dog”, “Fire Dogs”, “Three Bears”, “How a Man Divided Geese”, “Ant and a Dove”, “Two Comrades”, “What is the grass on the dew”, “Where did the wind come from”, “Where does the water from the sea go”.
March 31, 1882 Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was born - Russian poet, literary critic, children's writer and journalist. Passion for children's literature, glorified Chukovsky, began relatively late, when he was already a famous critic.
In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the Yolka collection and wrote his first fairy tale, Crocodile. In 1923, his famous fairy tales "Moydodyr" and "Cockroach" were published.
Charles Perrault
Classical French poet and critic, now best known as the author of The Tales of Mother Goose. Charles Perrault was the fourth most published foreign writer in the USSR in 1917-1987: the total circulation of his publications amounted to 60.798 million copies.
Berestov Valentin Dmitrievich
Russian poet and lyricist who wrote for adults and children. He is the author of such children's works as "The Bouncer Serpent", "The Mother and Stepmother", "The Stork and the Nightingale", etc.
Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich
Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator and literary critic. He is the author of the works "Teremok", "Cat's House", "Doctor Faust" and others. Almost all the time of his literary activity, Marshak wrote both poetic feuilletons and serious, "adult" lyrics. In addition, Marshak is the author of classic translations of William Shakespeare's sonnets. Marshak's books have been translated into many languages of the world, and for translations by Robert Burns, Marshak was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Scotland.
Mikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich
In addition to his career as a fabulist and war correspondent, Sergei Vladimirovich is also the author of the texts of the hymns of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Among his famous children's works are "Uncle Styopa", "The Nightingale and the Crow", "What do you have", "The Hare and the Turtle", etc.
Hans Christian Andersen
Author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: The Ugly Duckling, The King's New Dress, Thumbelina, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Princess and the Pea, Ole Lukoye, The Snow Queen and many others.
Agniya Barto
Volova's first husband was the poet Pavel Barto. Together with him, she wrote three poems - "Girl-roar", "Girl grimy" and "Counting". During World War II, the Barto family was evacuated to Sverdlovsk. There Agnia had to master the profession of a turner. The prize received during the war, she gave to the construction of the tank. In 1944 the family returned to Moscow.
Nosov Nikolai Nikolaevich
The winner of the Stalin Prize of the third degree in 1952 Nikolai Nosov is best known as a children's writer. Before you is the author of works about Dunno.
Moshkovskaya Emma Efraimovna
At the beginning of her career, Emma received approval from Samuil Marshak himself. In 1962, she published the first collection of poems for children, "Uncle Shar", followed by more than 20 collections of poems and fairy tales for preschool and primary school age. It is also worth noting that many Soviet composers wrote songs to Moshkovskaya's poems.
Lunin Viktor Vladimirovich
Viktor Lunin began writing poems and fairy tales at school, but he entered the path of a professional writer much later. The first publications of poems in periodicals appeared in the early 70s (the writer himself was born in 1945). Viktor Vladimirovich published more than thirty books of poetry and prose. His poetic "Az-bu-ka" for children became the standard for the transmission of alphabetic sound writing, and his book "Children's Album" was awarded a diploma at the 3rd All-Russian competition of children's books "Father's House" in 1996. For the "Children's Album" Viktor Lunin in the same year was awarded the title of laureate of the literary award of the magazine "Murzilka". In 1997, his fairy tale "The Adventures of Butter Lisa" was awarded as the best fairy tale about cats by the Library of Foreign Literature.
Oseeva Valentina Alexandrovna
In 1937, Valentina Aleksandrovna took her first story, Grishka, to the editor, and in 1940 her first book, Red Cat, was published. Then collections of stories for children "Babka", "Magic Word", "Father's Jacket", "My Comrade", a book of poems "Ezhinka", the story "Vasek Trubachev and His Comrades", "Dinka" and "Dinka Says Goodbye to Childhood" were written. ”, having autobiographical roots.
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm published several collections called Grimm's Tales, which became quite popular. Among their fairy tales: "Snow White", "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", "The Bremen Town Musicians", "Hansel and Gretel", "Little Red Riding Hood" and many others.
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev
Contemporaries noted his brilliant mind, humor, talent as an interlocutor. His epigrams, witticisms and aphorisms were on everyone's lips. Tyutchev's glory was confirmed by many - Turgenev, Fet, Druzhinin, Aksakov, Grigoriev and others. Leo Tolstoy called Tyutchev "one of those unfortunate people who are immeasurably higher than the crowd among which they live, and therefore always alone."
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev
In 1846, the very first collection of poems made Pleshcheev famous among the revolutionary youth. Three years later he was arrested and sent into exile, where he spent almost ten years in military service. Upon his return from exile, Pleshcheev continued his literary activity; having gone through years of poverty and deprivation, he became an authoritative writer, critic, publisher, and, at the end of his life, a philanthropist. Many of the poet's works (especially poems for children) have become textbooks and are considered classics. More than a hundred romances have been written by the most famous Russian composers to Pleshcheev's poems.
Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky
This person does not need to be introduced. This will be done by the characters of his works, including Crocodile Gena and Cheburashka, the cat Matroskin, Uncle Fyodor, the postman Pechkin and others.
The texts are intended for reading lessons in grade 2, for independent study of the biography of K.I. Chukovsky, Vvedensky A.I., Bunina I.A., A.L. Barto, A.S. Pushkin, Blaginina
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Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (Nikolai Ivanovich Korneichukov)Russian writer, critic, children's poet, literary critic, translator.
Born in St. Petersburg in 1882 in a poor family. He spent his childhood in Odessa. He led a working life from his youth, was engaged in self-education, studied English.
In 1901 he began to publish in the newspaper "Odessa news"; was sent as a correspondent to London, where he studied English literature. On his return he moved to St. Petersburg.
His first experience was the verse fairy tale "Crocodile", which marked the beginning of his work in children's literature. Returning by train to St. Petersburg with his sick son, he told him a story about a crocodile to the sound of wheels. The child listened very carefully. Several days passed, Korney Ivanovich had already forgotten about that episode, and the son remembered everything that his father said then by heart. Thus was born the fairy tale "Crocodile", published in 1917.
Following the "Crocodile", fairy tales appeared in verses "Moydodyr", "Cockroach", "Fly-sokotuha", "Barmaley", "Aibolit" and others.
Since then, Chukovsky has become a favorite children's writer.
1. Where was the poet born? Where did you spend your childhood?
2. Tell us how the fairy tale "Crocodile" was born?
3. Find the highlighted words in the text and try to explain them.
5. What are Chukovsky's tales that you know?
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Vvedensky Alexander Ivanovich (1904 - 1941)
Born November 23 in St. Petersburg in the family of an economist. He studied at the gymnasium, then at the school, which he graduated in 1921 without passing the exam in Russian literature. But already at school he began to write poetry. In those years, A. Blok was a favorite poet.
After graduating from school, he first enters the law faculty of Petrograd University, then the Chinese department of the Oriental Faculty, but soon leaves him. Worked as a clerk. However, all Vvedensky's interests are in literature. During these years, the circle of poetic, literary connections of the poet, his contacts in the world of art was expanding. He meets Harms, who becomes his close friend. Vvedensky from 1928 acted as a children's writer, collaborated in the magazine "Hedgehog" and "Chizh".
In 1933 - 34, Vvedensky's best poems were written - "I'm sorry that I'm not a beast", "Invitation to think", "Four descriptions", etc. Works in children's literature, earns money by composing clown reprises, couplets, miniatures. Shortly before the war, he wrote a play for the puppet theater. During these years, he performed little with his poems.
In 1941 the Germans were approaching Kharkov and the family had to be evacuated. The train was full, so it was decided to stay and wait for the next one, which was supposed to leave in a few days. However, there was no further evacuation. Two days later, Vvedensky was arrested. The exact date of death is unknown. Later, the date in the rehabilitation document was December 20, 1941.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
- Where was the poet born?
- Where does the poet go after graduation?
- What magazines did Vvedensky work for?
- Find a word you don't understand.
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Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870 - 1953) - Russian writer. Born on October 10 in Voronezh in a noble family. Childhood years were spent in the family estate on the Butyrka farm in the Oryol province. Constant communication on the farm with courtyard people, with former serfs, enriched the writer. Here he first heard sad stories about the past, folk poetic tales. Bunin owes his first acquaintance with the richest Russian language to peasants and courtyards.
He worked as a proofreader, librarian, collaborated in the newspaper. He often moved - he lived either in Orel, then in Kharkov, then in Poltava, then in Moscow. Met with L. Tolstoy, met with Anton Chekhov. Published the story "To the End of the World". Inspired by success, Bunin completely turns to literary creativity. Among the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are novels, novellas, short stories, poems, translations of works by the classics of world poetry.
Having met the October Revolution with hostility, the writer left Russia forever in 1920. He emigrated to France and settled in Paris. Everything he wrote in exile concerned Russia, Russian people, Russian nature.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in Paris. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was buried at the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1. Find in the text the words you do not understand and try to explain them.
2. Where was the writer born?
3. To whom does Bunin owe his first acquaintance with the richest Russian language?
4. Where did Ivan Alekseevich work?
5. Where did the writer emigrate and why?
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Agnia Lvovna Barto (real name Volova) is a well-known children's writer, whose poems in our country are known to every child. Born February 17, 1906 in Moscow in the family of a veterinarian. She received a good home education, which was led by her father. She began writing poetry in elementary school. She dreamed of becoming a ballerina, she graduated from a choreographic school. Her books were printed in millions of copies. She devoted her whole life to children, their upbringing and problems. During the Great Patriotic War, Barto spoke a lot on the radio, traveled to the front as a newspaper correspondent. In order to write a poem about teenagers whom the war forced to grow up earlier, work and feed their families, she studies with them as a turner, acquiring a craft category.
In the postwar years, Agnia Lvovna became the organizer of the movement in the USSR to search for families separated during the war. She offered to search for lost parents according to childhood memories. Through the program "Find a person" on radio "Mayak" it was possible to connect 927 separated families. And the first book of the writer's prose is called Find a Man.
The writer died in 1981, having lived a long and necessary life for people.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1. Who is the text talking about?
2. When did she start writing poetry? Name any poem.
3. What did the writer do during the war years?
4. What kind of life did Agnia Lvovna live?
5. Find unfamiliar words in the text and try to explain them.
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26 (June 6, New Style) 1799 in Moscow. Here he spent his childhood.
In the summer, Pushkin was taken to Zakharyino, his grandmother's village near Moscow. The boy loved these places: both the birch grove, which began right at the gates of the Zakharya house - they drank tea here on hot days, and the huge linden tree by the pond, and the dark spruce forest on its other side. He played here, imagining himself as a hero fighting evil forces. And in the evenings, he listened to cheerful and sad Russian songs, looked at the round dances that peasant girls led.
1.Where was the writer born?
2. Where was Pushkin taken away for the summer?
3. What places did little Sasha like?
The parents had little to do with the child. Sergei Lvovich, the poet's father, thought little about the house, about raising children. Nadezhda Osipovna, the poet's mother, a beautiful society woman, was busy only with herself. The real hostess in the Pushkins' house was the poet's grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Gannibal, a smart, efficient and reasonable woman. She loved her grandson very much. And the child, who did not know parental affection, became attached to her with all his heart. He loved listening to her quiet stories. He loved the fairy tales of his nanny Arina Rodionovna. With her melodious voice, she led the child into such a dazzling world of folk fantasy, she sang such amazing songs that the boy forgot about the world around him. My father had an excellent library, mostly in French. The child eagerly reached for the book. Secretly from adults, he makes his way to bookcases at night, reading by candlelight. Reading has become a passion.
Read 2 times and answer the questions on the text:
1. Were the parents involved in the upbringing of the writer?
2. Who was Pushkin attached to with his heart?
3. Whose fairy tales did the poet love?
4. What was Sasha fond of?
It's time to start learning, but tutors and governesses are not kept in the house. Pushkin did not like his teachers, they did not know how to interest him. However, the child's memory was brilliant, it helped him learn the given lesson, repeating it after his sister Olga.
In the eighth year of his life, he begins to write. Fables, humorous poems, comedies come out from under his pen. He alone “plays out” his comedy “The Kidnapper” in front of his sister. He writes small poems in the albums of neighboring young ladies. Adults do not attach importance to the boy's poetic exercises.
By the age of twelve, Pushkin, in general, was far ahead of his peers in development. He, in the words of his brother, "was gifted with the memory of the incredible, and at the age of eleven he already knew all French literature by heart." However, this did not prevent him from running and jumping over chairs, deftly throwing the ball, that is, remaining a playful boy of twelve. He loved his native nature, folk tales and songs, he loved his grandmother, his nanny, he loved Yusupov Garden and Zakharyino, he loved books.
Read 2 times and answer the questions on the text:
1. Could teachers be interested in Pushkin?
2. What year did he start writing?
3. What was the poet gifted with?
4. What did he like?
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Elena Aleksandrovna Blagininawas born on May 27, 1903 in the village of Yakovlevo, Oryol province. She grew up as a simple village girl who could not even imagine that she would someday become a famous children's poetess. At the age of 8 she composed a play for the home theater, since that time she has been composing poems and fairy tales. The main characters of her works are girls.
Her father was a cashier, her grandfather was a priest, and Elena herself was going to become a teacher. The desire to teach children was so great that she was ready to walk seven kilometers daily from her home in the village to the Kursk Pedagogical Institute.
Elena Blaginina had eight brothers and sisters. They lived with their parents and grandmother, who told a lot of fairy tales. I read by heart the poems of A.S. Pushkin.
Elena Blaginina lived a rather long life, and there was not a day that she did not work. She devoted her whole life to bringing joy to children with her works. Her poems were different: funny and interesting, childish teasers and perky.
Read the text 2 times and answer the questions:
1. Where was the writer born?
3. What interesting things did you learn from the life of Elena Blaginina?
4. Find the words you don't understand. Try to answer them.
Arkady Gaidar, Janusz Korchak, Lev Kassil, Mark Twain - all these are the names of famous children's writers, whose works everyone read. Their stories and stories are filled with kindness, humanity. What is known about the life of these writers? Were they as kind and humane as their books?
There was little information about famous children's writers, especially domestic ones, in Soviet times. In anthologies and textbooks there were, of course, biographies of the authors, but they were meager, formulaic and often false. A writer who created moralizing works for children could not have vices and weaknesses.
Today, information about a particular famous person is open. We can find out what a popular author was like in his personal life, what he loved, what he suffered from, how he spent the last days of his life. The biography of the most famous children's writers today, of course, is not without fiction, but much more reliable than thirty or forty years ago.
Below are interesting facts from the life of authors whose works are known to everyone. Or almost everyone. The names of famous children's writers are listed in alphabetical order.
Hans Christian Andersen
Perhaps the most famous children's writer. Who has not read Andersen's fairy tales? "The Snow Queen", "The Little Mermaid", "Thumbelina", "Wild Swans", "Ugly Duckling" - everyone remembers the plot of these fairy tales.
The childhood years of the famous writer passed in need. Andersen's father was a shoemaker, his mother was a couple. The future storyteller was a very receptive, emotional child. Hans' mother, apparently, was a kind and considerate woman. She sent her son to a charity school - one of the rare educational institutions at that time in which physical punishment was not practiced. At the age of 14, Hans Christian Andersen went to Copenhagen. He dreamed of becoming famous. As you know, his dream came true.
Agniya Barto
A woman who wrote many poems for children experienced a terrible loss - the death of her own child. Agnia Barto was born in Moscow, in the intellectual Jewish family. Since childhood, she studied at a ballet school, graduated from a choreographic school. The maiden name of the poetess is Volova. "Barto" she inherited from her first husband, a poet and ornithologist. Son Garik died 4 days before the Great Victory - May 5, 1945.
According to some reports, Agniya Barto, being the author of good children's poems, did not differ in kindness in life. She took an active part in the persecution of Chukovsky's daughter. Barto's signature was also in a collective letter dedicated to one of the works of Korney Ivanovich, which the censors called "charlatan awkward nonsense."
Arkady Gaidar
The works of this author used to be present in every home library. As a rule, a brief biographical note was contained in the introduction. About the famous children's writer, however, the truth was not written. She was way too ugly.
Those born in the USSR remember such works as "The Blue Cup", "Chuk and Gek", "Timur and his team". Some of Gaidar's books were included in the school curriculum, many of them were included in the list of literature for the summer. However, Soviet readers did not know anything about the fact that the famous children's writer was a mentally unbalanced person and a murderer.
Arkady Gaidar began his military career at the age of fourteen. At seventeen he was already at the head of a regiment. At twenty he was accepted into the special purpose unit and sent to Khakassia. Here he had to find and destroy the white officers who acted under the leadership of Kolchak. This Gaidar did not succeed, and therefore he became angry and began to execute simple, innocent people. Even the active participants in the "Red Terror" were shocked by these actions. Gaidar was removed from his post. He spent some time in a psychiatric hospital.
Amadeus Hoffman
What works come to mind first? in the name of this famous children's writer? The list of Hoffmann's books is quite extensive, the most famous are The Golden Pot, The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, The Sandman, Elixirs of Satan. The last work, however, is far from being aimed at a children's audience.
Amadeus Hoffmann is the most famous German romantic writer. Several ballets have been created based on his works, many films have been shot. At the same time, Hoffmann, however, like many of his other colleagues, spent most of his life in poverty. All his attempts to make a living from literature led to poverty. Only in recent years did he manage to improve his financial situation thanks to a small inheritance.
Lev Kassil
The famous Russian children's writer graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. As a third-year student, he suddenly experienced an irresistible craving for literary creativity. First of all, this was expressed in lengthy letters that Kassil regularly sent to his relatives. Each of his messages was about thirty pages long.
The younger brother took the letters to the local editorial office, where they were happily published, about which the author knew nothing for a long time. When he became aware that his messages had some artistic value (otherwise they would not have been published in the newspaper), he decided to earn money by writing literary works. The most famous book by Lev Kassil is "Konduit and Shvambrania".
Rudyard Kipling
The parents of the creator of The Jungle Book dreamed that their beloved son would become an officer. Rudyard himself was not opposed to a military career. However, from childhood he suffered from myopia, and therefore had to take up literary work. Rudyard wrote short stories while still in military school. A real writing career began after several trips to Asia and the United States as a correspondent.
Janusz Korczak
According to one of the Polish musicians who lived in Warsaw at the end thirties, the writer was a surprisingly noble person. For many years Korczak was engaged in literary creativity, but during his lifetime he was not classified as a prose writer of the first rank. The thing is that his work belonged to a rather specific area.
He wrote only for children and only about children. In his books you can see a deep knowledge of child psychology. But the main thing, perhaps, was not even how Korczak wrote, but how he lived. He devoted every minute to the children. The teacher did not change this position even in the last hours of his life.
The writer organized several orphanages, collected donations, and hosted children's radio programs. In 1940, he ended up in the Warsaw ghetto along with his pupils. Korczak could have avoided death. He was a fairly well-known personality and had the opportunity, with the help of his admirers, to hide on the "Aryan" side. But of course he didn't. In August 1942, about two hundred children were sent to Treblinka. Korczak preferred to stay with his pupils and die in the gas chamber.
Lewis Carroll
The creator of the famous series of works about the adventures of Alice was born in the family of a priest. Lewis Carroll, in addition, had outstanding mathematical abilities. He received a bachelor's degree, then won a competition for lecturing at one of the English universities. Even when he became a famous writer, he continued to publish scientific works under his own name. Lewis Carroll's real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.
Mark Twain
The American prose writer, as you know, wrote not only for children. His work covers many genres. This is satire, and philosophical fiction, and journalism. Mark Twain traveled a lot, worked for correspondents for most of his life. The writer had an amazing sense of humor, while being a sensitive, romantic person. He fell in love with his future wife at first sight. Olivia became disabled after an injury she received in her youth. Twain took care of her until the end of his life.
Korney Chukovsky
The writer's childhood is known from the autobiographical book Silver Coat of Arms. Chukovsky's mother was a servant in the home of a wealthy man named Emmanuil Levenson. From him she gave birth in 1882 year of the boy who later became one of the best Soviet children's writers. The father decided to connect his life with a woman of his circle. The childhood of the future poet and prose writer passed in Odessa. Here he studied for some time at the gymnasium, which he failed to graduate due to his low birth.
Real name writer - Nikolai Korneichukov. In the metric he has like illegitimate, there was no patronymic. He later took on a pseudonym and added a fictitious middle name. The writer had four children, of whom he survived three. He dedicated many poetic works to his daughter Murochka, who died at the age of 11.
And one more fact from the biography of Korney Chukovsky. His work was highly appreciated by critics and literary figures. He was a laureate of the State Prize. But like no other, he supported talented fellow writers who fell into disgrace, and therefore, at the end of his life, he acquired many ill-wishers.
Art created for children is a diverse and extensive part of modern culture. Literature has been present in our lives since childhood, it is with its help that the concept of good and evil is laid, a worldview and ideals are formed. Even at preschool and primary school age, young readers can already appreciate the dynamics of poetry or beautiful fairy tales, and at an older age they begin to read thoughtfully, so books should be selected accordingly. Let's talk about Russians and foreign children's writers and their works.
Children's writers of the 19th and 20th centuries and the development of children's literature
For the first time, books especially for children in Rus' began to be written in the 17th century, in the 18th century the formation of children's literature began: at that time such people as M. Lomonosov, N. Karamzin, A. Sumarokov and others lived and worked. The 19th century is the heyday of children's literature, the "Silver Age", and we still read many books by writers of that time.
Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)
The author of "Alice in Wonderland", "Alice Through the Looking Glass", "The Hunt for the Snark" was born in a small village in Cheshire (hence the name of his character - the Cheshire Cat). The real name of the writer is Charles Dodgson, he grew up in a large family: Charles had 3 brothers and 7 sisters. He went to college, became a professor of mathematics, even received the rank of deacon. He really wanted to become an artist, he painted a lot, loved to take pictures. As a boy, he wrote stories, funny stories, adored the theater. If his friends had not persuaded Charles to rewrite his story on paper, Alice in Wonderland might not have seen the light of day, but nevertheless the book was published in 1865.
Carroll's books are written in such an original and rich language that it is difficult to find a suitable translation for some words: there are more than 10 versions of the translation of his works into Russian, and readers themselves can choose which one to prefer.
Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002)
Astrid Eriksson (Married Lindgren) grew up in a farmer's family, her childhood was spent in games, adventures and farm work. As soon as Astrid learned to read and write, she began to write various stories and the first poems.
The story "Pippi Longstocking" Astrid composed for her daughter when she was sick. Later, the novels “Mio, my Mio”, “Roni, the robber’s daughter”, a trilogy about the detective Callie Blumkvist, a triology loved by many, which tells about the cheerful and restless Carlson, were published.
Astrid's works are staged in many children's theaters around the world, and her books are adored by people of all ages. In 2002, the literary prize in honor of Astrid Lindgren was approved - it is awarded for her contribution to the development of literature for children.
Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940)
This is a Swedish writer, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Selma reluctantly recalled her childhood: at the age of 3, the girl was paralyzed, she did not get out of bed, and the only consolation for her was the tales and stories told by her grandmother. At 9 years old, after treatment, the ability to move in Selma returned, she began to dream of a career as a writer. She studied hard, received her PhD, became a member of the Swedish Academy.
In 1906, her book about the journey of little Niels on the back of Martin the goose was published, then the writer released the collection Trolls and People, which included fantastic legends, fairy tales and short stories, she also wrote many novels for adults.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973)
This English writer cannot be called exclusively for children, since adults also read his books with delight. The author of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, The Hobbit: A Journey There and Back, the creator of the amazing world of Middle-earth, on which incredible films are made, was born in Africa. When he was three years old, his mother, who was an early widow, brought two children to England. The boy was fond of painting, foreign languages \u200b\u200bwere easily given to him, he even became interested in studying "dead" languages: Anglo-Saxon, Gothic and others. During the war, Tolkien, who went there as a volunteer, catches typhus: it is in his delirium that he invents the "elvish language" that has become the hallmark of many of his heroes. His works are immortal, they are very popular in our time.
Clive Lewis (1898-1963)
Irish and English writer, theologian and scholar. Clive Lewis and John Tolkien were friends, it was Lewis who was one of the first to hear about the world of Middle-earth, and Tolkien about the beautiful Narnia. Clive was born in Ireland but lived most of his life in England. He published his first works under the pseudonym Clive Hamilton. In 1950-1955, his "Chronicles of Narnia" was first published, telling about the adventure of two brothers and two sisters in a mysterious and magical land. Clive Lewis traveled a lot, wrote poetry, liked to discuss various topics and was a comprehensively developed person. His works are loved by adults and children to this day.
Russian children's writers
Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969)
Real name - Nikolai Korneychukov is known for children's fairy tales and stories in verse and prose. He was born in St. Petersburg, lived for a long time in Nikolaev, Odessa, from childhood he firmly decided to become a writer, but, having arrived in St. Petersburg, he was faced with refusals from the editors of magazines. He became a member of a literary circle, a critic, wrote poems and stories. For bold statements, he was even arrested. During the war, Chukovsky was a war correspondent, editor of almanacs and magazines. He spoke foreign languages and translated the works of foreign authors. The most famous works of Chukovsky are “Cockroach”, “Tsokotuha Fly”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, “Wonder Tree”, “Moydodyr” and others.
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887-1964)
Playwright, poet, translator, literary critic, talented author. It was in his translation that many first read Shakespeare's sonnets, Burns' poems, and fairy tales from different peoples of the world. Samuel's talent began to manifest itself in early childhood: the boy wrote poetry, had the ability to learn foreign languages. Poetry books by Marshak, who moved from Voronezh to Petrograd, immediately enjoyed great success, and their feature is a variety of genres: poems, ballads, sonnets, riddles, songs, sayings - he was able to do everything. He has received many awards and his poems have been translated into dozens of languages. The most famous works are “Twelve Months”, “Luggage”, “The Tale of the Stupid Mouse”, “That's how absent-minded”, “Mustache-striped” and others.
Agnia Lvovna Barto (1906-1981)
Agniya Barto was an exemplary student, already at school she began to write poetry and epigrams for the first time. Now many children are brought up on her poems, her light, rhythmic poems have been translated into many languages of the world. Agnia has been an active literary figure all her life, a member of the jury of the Andersen competition. In 1976, she received the G.H. Andersen Prize. The most famous poems are “Bull”, “Bullfinch”, “Tamara and I”, “Lyubochka”, “Bear”, “Man”, “I am growing” and others.
Sergei Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (1913-2009)
He can be considered a classic of Russian children's literature: a writer, chairman of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR, a talented poet, writer, fabulist, playwright. It is he who is the author of two hymns: the USSR and the Russian Federation. He devoted a lot of time to social activities, although at first he did not have a dream of becoming a writer: in his youth he was both a laborer and a member of a geological exploration expedition. We all remember such works as "Uncle Styopa - a policeman", "What do you have", "Song of friends", "Three little pigs", "New Year's Eve" and others.
Contemporary children's writers
Grigory Bentsionovich Oster
Children's writer, in whose works adults can learn a lot of interesting things. He was born in Odessa, served in the Navy, his life is still very active: he is a leading, talented author, cartoon screenwriter. "Monkeys", "A Kitten Named Woof", "38 Parrots", "Got Bitten" - all these cartoons were filmed according to his script, and "Bad Advice" is a book that has gained immense popularity. By the way, an anthology of children's literature has been published in Canada: the books of most writers have a circulation of 300-400 thousand, and Auster's Bad Advice has sold 12 million copies!
Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky
From childhood, Eduard Uspensky was a ringleader, participated in KVN, organized skits, then he first tried his hand at writing, later he began to write plays for children's radio programs, children's theaters, dreamed of creating his own magazine for children. The cartoon "Crocodile Gena and his friends" brought fame to the writer, since then the eared symbol - Cheburashka, has settled in almost every home. We also still love the book and cartoon “Three from Prostokvashino”, “Koloboks are Investigating”, “Plasticine Crow”, “Baba Yaga Against!” and others.
JK Rowling
Speaking of modern children's writers, it's simply impossible not to think about the author of the Harry Potter series of books, the wizard boy and his friends. It's the best-selling book series in history, and the movies made from it have been huge box office hits. Rowling had a chance to go from obscurity and poverty to worldwide fame. At first, no editors agreed to accept and publish a book about a wizard, believing that such a genre would be of no interest to readers. Only the small publishing house Bloomsbury agreed - and did not lose. Now Rowling continues to write, is engaged in charity and social activities, she is a self-fulfilled author and a happy mother and wife.
