Sosnovtsev Boris Andreevich - Russian Soviet composer, teacher - was born on 20. V 1921 in Samara (Kuibyshev). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with An. Alexandrov, later he also had graduate school. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Professor, Head of the Department of Music Theory and Composition of the Saratov Conservatory, Candidate of Art History. Among his works are the opera-oratorio; cantatas “Song of the Motherland”, “Year after year”; symphony, symphonietta, "Suite on Russian Themes" for symphony orchestra; concertos for various instruments with orchestra; instrumental and chamber music; piano compositions; songs, romances, choirs.
NYAGA Georgy Stepanovich - Moldavian Soviet composer - was born on March 19, 1922 in Bucharest. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the violin class with B. Kuznetsov, later the Kishinev Conservatory in the composition class with N. Leib. Honored "worker of arts of the Moldavian SSR, laureate of the State Prize of the Moldavian SSR. Among his works are opera; the oratorio Aurora; 2 symphonies; 2 concertos for violin and orchestra; 2 string quartets; instrumental music; piano pieces (including sonata, preludes, "Twelve Two-Part Inventions"); arrangements of folk songs.
TOLSTOY Dmitry Alekseevich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on January 20, 1923 in Berlin (the son of the greatest Soviet writer A. N. Tolstoy). He graduated with honors from the Leningrad Conservatory in the class of composition with B. Arapov (later he studied with him in graduate school). Among the composer's works are the opera Maryuta the Fisherwoman, Masquerade, Pomegranate Bracelet, The Captain's Daughter; ballets "Nuncha", "Aelita"; cantata "Poem about Leningrad"; the symphony "The Thought of the Motherland", the symphonic poem "The Son of the People"; concertos with orchestra for piano, oboe, clarinet; 4 quartets, 2 piano trios; instrumental music; piano works (including 16 sonatas, "Twenty-Four Preludes", "Andersen's Tales", "Colorful Sheets"); songs, romances, choirs; music for theater and cinema!
STEMPNEVSKY Stanislav Vladislavovich - Russian sonnet composer - was born on 28. V 1923 in Belebey (Bashkir ASSR). Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the composition class of E. Golubev. Among his works are the musical comedy The Queen Stays at Home; cantata "Lenin's banner"; "Symphonic dances"; "Don Poem" for orchestra of folk instruments; instrumental music; piano pieces (sonata, children's pieces, etc.); songs, romances, choirs (including the pioneer suite "Song of the Horn"); arrangements of folk songs; music for radio shows and movies.
ABRAMYAN Eduard Aslanyevich - Armenian Soviet composer - was born on 22. V 1923 in Tbilisi. He graduated from the Tbilisi Conservatory in composition with S. Barkhudaryan, in piano with A. Tugashvili; then he improved his composition in the studio at the House of Culture of the Armenian SSR in Moscow with G. Litnsky and N. Peiko. Honored Art Worker of the Armenian SSR. Among his works are compositions for symphony orchestra (including "Symphonic Dances"); 2 concertos for piano and orchestra; chamber instrumental music; piano pieces (including "Twenty-Four Preludes"); songs, romances, choirs; music for theater and cinema.
Bunin Revol Samuilovich (6. IV 1924, Moscow - 3. VII 1976, Moscow) - Soviet composer. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class under D. Shostakovich. Among the composer's works are the opera Masquerade, People's Volunteers (completed by M. Weinberg, B. Tchaikovsky and A. Eshpay); 8 symphonies, "Concert Symphony" for violin and orchestra, symphonic poems "The Stone Guest" and "1967"; poem for viola and orchestra, concerto for viola and orchestra, concerto for chamber orchestra, concerto for piano and chamber orchestra; instrumental ensembles (2 quartets, piano quintet, etc.); piano works; romances, choirs; music for theater, radio and cinema.
NIKOLAEVA (Tarasevich) Tatyana Petrovna - Russian Soviet composer, pianist - was born on May 4, 1924 in Bezhitsa (Bryansk region). She graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with A. Goldenweiser and in composition with E. Golubev. People's Artist of the RSFSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, professor at the Moscow Conservatory, laureate of international piano competitions. Among her works are the cantata "Song of Happiness"; symphony; 2 concertos for piano and orchestra; chamber instrumental works; piano pieces (including the sonata, Variations in Memory of N. Myaskovsky, Polyphonic Triad, Twenty-Four Concert Etudes, Children's Album); romances.
TAKTAKISHVILI Otar Vasilyevich - Georgian Soviet composer, teacher, conductor and public figure - was born on 27. VII 1924 in Tbilisi. Graduated with honors from the Tbilisi Conservatory in the composition class of S. Barkhudaryan, later he did postgraduate studies; since 1949 he has been teaching at the Tbilisi Conservatory. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Minister of Culture of the Georgian SSR; author of the National Anthem of the Georgian SSR. Among his works are the operas "Mindiya", "Reward", "The Abduction of the Moon"; oratorios "Nikoloz Baratashvili", "Following Rustaveli's Footsteps", "The Living Hearth"; "Cantata about the Soviet "youth", "Cantata about Tbilisi"; 2 symphonies, 3 overtures, poems "Burn yourself", "Native tunes", "Mtsyri", miniatures for symphony orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for piano (3) , for violin (2), for cello, for trumpet; chamber and instrumental music; piano pieces; songs, romances, choirs; adaptations of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
PARTSKHALADZE Merab Alekseevich - Georgian Soviet composer - was born on December 15, 1924 in Tbilisi. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition with S. Bogatyrev, later he also did postgraduate studies. Honored Artist of the RSFSR and the Georgian SSR. Among his works are the poem "Nestan", the suite "Forest Pictures", "Two Dances" for a symphony orchestra; concerto for piano and orchestra; "Theme and Variations", miniatures for string quartet; instrumental music (sonata for violin and piano, pieces for various instruments, etc.); pieces for piano (including "Children's Album", "Panduruli Jvs 1" - toccata, "Panduruli No. 2" - tok-katina); songs, romances, choirs; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater, radio and cinema.
SHAMO Igor Naumovich - Ukrainian Soviet composer - was born on 21. II, 1925 in Kyiv. He graduated from the Kyiv Conservatory in composition class with B. Lyatoshinsky. People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize of the Ukrainian SSR. Among his works are the oratorio "Lenin"; "Festival Overture", "Ukrainian Dance" for symphony orchestra; works for choir and symphony orchestra; "Concert-ballad" for piano and orchestra; piano pieces (sonatas, "Classical Suite", variations, children's pieces, etc.); songs, romances, choirs; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
ESHPAI Andrei Yakovlevich - Russian and Mari Soviet composer, pianist and public figure - was born on 15. V 1925 in Kozmodemyansk (Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition with E. Golubev (studied with N. Myaskovsky and A. Khachaturian), in piano with V. Sofronitsky. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, laureate of the V and VI international festivals of democratic youth. Among his works are the ballet "Angara"; operettas "Aunt Sonya", "I am not happier", "Love is forbidden"; oratorio "Lenin with us"; 4 symphonies, concerto, overture "Kremlin chimes", "Dances on Mari themes" for symphony orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for piano (2), for violin (2); "Hungarian Melodies" for violin and orchestra; “Passacaglia in memory of N. Myaskovsky”, preludes for organ; pieces for variety orchestra; instrumental works (including 2 sonatas for violin and piano); piano pieces (sonatinas, etudes, children's pieces, etc.); songs, romances, choirs; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
TCHAIKOVSKY Boris Alexandrovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on September 10, 1925 in Moscow. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with N. Myaskovsky (he studied with V. Shebalin and D. Shostakovich). Honored Artist of the RSFSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR. Among his works are the opera "Star"; cantata "Signs of the Zodiac"; 3 symphonies, variations, "Fantasy on Russian Themes", "Slavonic Rhapsody", "Capriccio on English Themes", "Overture for the 40th Anniversary of October" for symphony orchestra; symphonietta for string orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for piano (2), for violin, for cello, for clarinet; chamber works (including piano quintet, 6 quartets, trio); instrumental pieces; piano works (sonata for two pianos, sonatinas, children's pieces, etc.); music for theater, radio and cinema.
KLOVA Vytautas Yuliono - Lithuanian Soviet composer - was born on January 31, 1926 in the town of Tirk-Shlai (Lithuanian SSR). Graduated from the Vilnius Conservatory in composition class (studied with A. Raciunas and J. Gruodis). People's Artist of the Lithuanian SSR, laureate of the State Prizes of the Lithuanian SSR, associate professor of the Vilnius Conservatory. Among his works are the operas “Pilsnai”, “Vayaa”, “Daughter”, “Two Swords”,
"American tragedy"; 2 poems, suite "Pictures of Vilnius" for symphony orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for piano, violin, cello; chamber ensemble compositions; instrumental pieces; songs, choirs; piano pieces; arrangements of folk songs; music for performances.
MARUTAEV Mikhail Aleksandrovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 2. IV 1926 in Slavyak-sk. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the composition class of V. Shebalin. Among his works are the oratorio "Rus"; cantata "Mother's Word"; overture, scherzo for symphony orchestra; chamber works; piano pieces (“Prelude and Fugue”, etudes, “Picture Pieces”, etc.); songs for children; music for theater and cinema.
ZHUBINSKAYA Valentina Yanovna - Russian Soviet composer, pianist and teacher - was born on 17. V 1926 in Kharkov. She graduated from the Kharkov Conservatory in piano with M. Pilstrem and in composition with V. Barabashov, then postgraduate studies at the Moscow Conservatory in piano with G. Ginzburg. Candidate of Art History, Associate Professor of the Gnessin Musical and Pedagogical Institute. Among her works are the cantata on the verses of Y. Kolas, the children's cantata "October 50"; "Suite on Belarusian Themes" for symphony orchestra; rhapsody for piano and orchestra; concerto for piano and orchestra; works for variety orchestra (including the suite "Ladoga"); instrumental pieces; songs (including the Sea Songs cycle), romances; piano pieces (sonata, variations, etudes, "Children's Album", etc.); arrangements of folk songs.
ZHUBANOVA Gaziza Akhmetovna - Kazakh Soviet composer, teacher and public figure - was born on December 2, 1927 in the Zhana-Turmys collective farm (Aktobe region). She graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition with Y. Shaporin, and later did postgraduate studies with him. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the Kazakh SSR, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize of the Kazakh SSR, rector and professor of the Almaty Conservatory. Among her works are the operas “Enlnk-Kebek”, “Tunchi-saryn”, “Twenty-eight”; ballets The Legend of the White Bird, Hiroshima; oratorios Lenin, Lenin's Word, Dawn over the Steppe, Bread and Song; cantatas "The Tale of Mukhtar Auezov", "Lenin with us"; "Songs about part-tin", "Songs about Lenin", "Odes of the party" for soloists, choir and symphony orchestra; symphony "Zhngsr" ("Energy"), symphonic poem "Akak-Kulan"; concerto for violin and orchestra; chamber instrumental works; songs, romances; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
POLYNSKY Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 2. IX 1928 in Tashkent. He graduated from the Tashkent Conservatory in piano and the Moscow Conservatory in composition (with S. Bogatyrev). Among his works are the opera Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya; symphonic poem "Lake Issyk-Kul"; marches, the overture "The tread of the world" for a brass band, various ensembles for wind instruments; vocal cycles on the words of Russian and Soviet poets, songs; pieces for violin, lengths for cello; piano works (including "Twelve Concert Etudes", "Poetic Notebook", ballad, impromptu scherzo, "Thirty-three preludes", "Twenty-four fantasies and fugues", rhapsodies on the themes of the peoples of the USSR, 2 children's albums - "Tsvetik- semitsvetnk" to "Pioneers in the campaign"); arrangements of folk songs.
Tatyana Borisovna NAZAROVA-METNER - Russian Soviet composer - was born on September 24, 1928 in
Moscow. Graduated from the Gnessin Musical and Pedagogical Institute, piano class with E. Gnesina, composition class with N. Peiko. Among her works are "Children's Suite", "Choreographic Miniatures" for a symphony orchestra; "Concert on the themes of Khakass folk melodies" for piano and orchestra; flute quintet with string quartet; fantasy for piano and folk instruments orchestra; songs, choirs; piano works (2 sonatas, polyphonic cycles, children's pieces, etc.); arrangements of folk songs; music for films.
DENISOV Edison Vasilyevich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 6. IV 1929 in Tomsk. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the composition class of V. Shebalin. Among his works are the opera "Ivan the Soldier"; symphony, "Symphonietta on Tajik Themes", "Children's Suite" for symphony orchestra; symphony for two string orchestras and percussion instruments; cantata "Sun of the Incas"; chamber instrumental works; piano pieces (including variations, "Children's Album"); songs, romances, choirs; music for theater, radio and cinema.
Chichkov Yuri Mikhailovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on July 26, 1929 in Moscow. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Military Conductors, composition class under V. Shebalin. Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize. Among his works are the opera-oratorio "Dear Stars"; cantata-song "A Man Born to Fly", cantata "Children next to their fathers"; poem "Song of the Falcon" for symphony orchestra; concertos with orchestra for piano, violin, cello; suites, marches for brass band; instrumental pieces; works for piano (sonata, variations, preludes, etudes, children's plays, etc.); songs (including many for children), romances, choruses; music for theater, radio and cinema.
MOLDOBLSANOV Kaly - a Kyrgyz Soviet composer and conductor - was born on September 28, 1929 in the village of Terek (Aktala district of the Kirghiz SSR) in the family of the famous Kyrgyz akyn Moldobasan Mu-sulmankulov. Graduated from the National Studio of the Moscow Conservatory (Department of Opera and Symphony Conducting; director L. Ginzburg). People's Artist of the Kirghiz SSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR. Among his works are the ballets "Kuiruchuk" (co-author G. Okunev), "Mother's Field"; cantata "Rejoice, Kyrgyzstan!"; the poem "Legend", "Dance of Youth", "Dance of Labor", "Spring Waltz" for symphony orchestra; works for orchestra of folk instruments; instrumental works; piano pieces; songs, choirs; arrangements of folk songs.
KRAVCHENKO Boris Petrovich (28. XI 1929, Leningrad - 9. II 1979, Leningrad) is a Russian Soviet composer. He graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in the composition class of B. Arapov. Among his works are the opera Cruelty, Lieutenant Schmidt, the children's comic opera Ay Da Balda!; operetta "The Adventure of Ignat - Russian Soldier"; oratorios "October Wind" to the verses of V. Mayakovsky, "Reflections on Peace and War"; ballet suite "Moidodmr", poem "Country of Gaidar" for symphony orchestra; "Plyasovaya" for an orchestra of Russian folk instruments; pieces for piano; songs, choirs; music for theater and cinema.
cert-variations for piano and orchestra; 4 string quartets; instrumental works; piano pieces ("Prelude and Toccata", "Children's Album", scherzo, etc.); songs, romances, choirs; music for theater, radio and cinema.
BLAGOY Dmitry Dmitrievich - Russian Soviet composer, pianist and musicologist - was born on April 13, 1930 in Moscow. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with A. Goldenweiser (he also had a postgraduate course) and in composition with Y. Shaporin. Candidate of Art History, laureate of an international competition, associate professor of the Moscow Conservatory. Among his works are "Brilliant Capriccio" for piano and orchestra; string Quartet; romances; works for piano (“Variations on a Russian Theme”, “Four Moods”, “Album of Pieces”, transcriptions, children's plays, etc.).
TAMBERG Eino Martinovich - Estonian Soviet composer - was born on 27. V 1930 in Tallinn. He graduated from the Tallinn Conservatory in composition class with E. Kapp. People's Artist of the Estonian SSR, laureate of the State Prize of the Estonian SSR, laureate of the VI World Festival of Democratic Youth, associate professor at the Tallinn Conservatory. Among his works are the opera "Iron House", "Cyrano de Berger-cancer"; the ballets The Boy and the Butterfly and Joanna the Possessed; ballet symphony, Symphonic Dances, concerto grosso, toccata for symphony orchestra; the oratorio "For the Freedom of the People", a suite from music to Sophocles' tragedy "Oedipus Rex" for choir and orchestra, the poem "Song of Africa" for male choir and percussion instruments; chamber and instrumental music; songs, romances, choirs; piano works (including many children's pieces); music for theater and cinema.
SIDELNIKOV Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 5. VII 1930 in Tver (Kalinin). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with E. Messner and postgraduate studies with Y. Shaporin. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Associate Professor of the Department of Composition of the Moscow Conservatory. Among his works are the opera "The Scarlet Flower"; ballet "Stepan Razin"; the oratorio Raising the Sword, the vocal-instrumental symphony The Poet's Rebellious World (Lermontov) for voice and twelve instruments; 5 symphonies, concert symphony "Duel" for cello, double bass, two pianos and percussion; concert "Russian Fairy Tale" for twelve instruments; instrumental music; works for pianoforte (2 sonatas, cycles "Savvushkia flute", "What the finch sang about", etc.); choirs; music for theater and cinema.
KHAGAGORTYAN Eduard Aramovich - Armenian Soviet composer - was born on July 15, 1930 in Tbilisi. He graduated with honors from the Yerevan Komitas Conservatory, then postgraduate studies at the Moscow Conservatory under A. Khachaturian. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the All-Union Publishing House "Soviet Composer". Among his works are the operas "Cat and Dog", "Blood Injury", "Hat with Ears"; ballet "Sona"; 4 symphonies, poem "Lenin and Ali", "Solemn Overture", serenade for symphony orchestra; piano quintet; vocal music; piano pieces; music for theater and cinema.
PIRUMOV Alexander Ivanovich - Armenian and Russian Soviet composer - was born on 6. II, 1930 in Tbilisi. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory and completed postgraduate studies in composition with D. Kabalevsky. Associate Professor at the Moscow Conservatory (class of composition). Among his works are the oratorio "Dick of October"; cantata "Twenty-six Commissars"; 4 symphonies; con-
LEDENEV Roman Semenovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on December 4, 1930 in Moscow. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with Lee. Alexandrova. Among the works of the composer are the ballet "The Tale of the Green Balls"; "The oratorio "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"; "Ten Sketches" for chamber orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for violin, for viola, for flute, concerto-elegy for cello and orchestra; chamber and instrumental music; piano pieces; songs, romances; arrangements of folk songs, music for theater and cinema.
BALTIN Alexander Alexandrovich - Russian Soviet "composer - was born on January 2, 1931 in Moscow. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with V. Belov, in composition with E. Messner. Among the composer's works is a symphony for baritone and orchestra on verses by V. Mayakovsky ; oratorio "After Centuries" on verses by Michelangelo Buonarroti for baritone, mixed choir and symphony orchestra; ballad concerto for piano and orchestra, concertos with orchestra - for harp, for cello; instrumental music (including sonata for violin and piano); piano works (cycles for children "Songs Without Words", "Musical Pictures", "School Notebook", etc.), arrangements of folk songs, music for films.
KAZHLAEV Murad Magomedovich - Dagestan Soviet composer - was born on January 15, 1931 in Baku. He graduated from the Baku Conservatory in the composition class under B. Zeidman. People's Artist of the USSR, Honored Artist of the Chuvash ASSR, laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR, laureate of the State Prize of Dagestan, laureate of the III International Jazz Music Festival (Prague). Among his works are the ballet "Goryanka"; cantata "Glory to Dagestan!"; "Poem in Memory of Twenty-Eight Panfilov Heroes", a cycle of symphonic paintings "Dagestan", "Concert Lezginka", "Concert Waltz", "Eastern Ballad", overture "Morning of the Motherland", suite "Clouds Leave the Sky" for a symphony orchestra; quartets; instrumental music; works for jazz; songs, romances, choirs (including the Birth of a Song cycle); piano pieces (“Romantic Sonatina”, preludes, variations, “Children's Album”, “Dagestan Album”, etc.); arrangements of folk songs; music for theater, radio, circus and cinema.
BOYKO Rostislav Grigoryevich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 1. VIII 1931 in Leningrad. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the composition class of A. Khachaturian. Among the composer's works are children's operas "Station Zanalyayka", "Song in the Forest"; the oratorio "Vasily Terkin", the choral symphony "1917" to the verses of V. Mayakovsky and E. Bagritsky, the poem-cantata "Vyatka Songs"; cantata "Bird-troika"; vocal and choreographic suite "From the Volga to the Carpathians" for soloists, choir and orchestra of Russian folk instruments; 2 symphonies, symphonic cycle "Rings"; instrumental works; piano pieces; songs, choirs (including many for children); arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
TSYTOVICH Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 6. VIII 1931 in Leningrad. He graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in the composition class of O. Evlakhov. Among the works of the composer "Ode" for a large symphony orchestra; concerto for piano and orchestra, concerto for viola and chamber orchestra; chamber instrumental works; piano pieces; music for theater and cinema.
GUBAIDULINA Sofya Asgatovna - Soviet composer - was born on 24. X 1931 in Chistopol. She graduated from the Kazan Conservatory in composition class with N. Peiko and postgraduate studies with V. Shebalin. Among her works are the ballet "Running on the Waves"; cantatas "Rubaiyat", "Night in Memphis", vocal-symphonic cycle "Phacelia"; symphony; concerto for piano and orchestra, concerto for bassoon and low string instruments; instrumental ensembles (including quartet, intermezzo for sixteen harps, eight trumpets and drums); Electonic music; romances; piano works (chaconne, sonata, children's pieces, etc.); music for theater and cinema.
SAMONOV Anatoly Vasilyevich - Russian Soviet composer, pianist and teacher - was born on 17. V 1931 in Pyatigorsk. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano class with V. Nechaev; studied composition with him, later under the direction of M. Chulaki. Associate Professor at the Moscow Conservatory. Among his works are the oratorio "Fires are burning"; overture, "Choreographic Poem" for symphony orchestra; chamber music Schubert's Letters (for chamber orchestra); concerto for piano and string orchestra; quartet for woodwinds, quartets for brass instruments; instrumental music; piano pieces (including the cycle "Pictures of Childhood"); songs, romances (including the cycle "From Pushkin's Time"), choruses; arrangements of folk songs.
SLONIMSKY Sergei Mikhailovich - Soviet composer - was born on 12. VIII 1932 in Leningrad. He graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in piano with V. Nielsen, in composition with O. Evlakhov (later he did postgraduate studies). Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, Professor of the Department of Composition of the Leningrad Conservatory, Candidate of Art History. Among his works are the operas Virineya, Mary Stuart; ballet "Icarus"; cantata "Voice from the choir"; 2 symphonies, a concerto for a symphony orchestra, three electric guitars and solo instruments, "Festive Music" for balalaika, spoons and a symphony orchestra, a buff concerto, "Freemen's Songs", "Symphonic Motet", "Dramatic Song" for a symphony orchestra; quartet "Antiphons", "Dialogues" for wind quintet; songs, romances, choirs; instrumental works; pieces for piano; music for theater and cinema.
FLYARKOVSKY Alexander Georgievich - Russian Soviet composer and public figure - was born on 6. VII 1931 in Leningrad. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the composition class of Y. Shaporin. Honored Artist of the Buryat ASSR and the RSFSR, laureate of international competitions. Among the works of the composer are the opera "Distant Roads"; operettas (“The Golden Man”, “VsS about Jena”, “Was there Eve?”, “Anonymous Letter”, etc.); the oratorios “Kolodniki”, “Immortality”, “The Happy Sun Above Us”, “In the Civil War”, “And the World Looked at the Pass”; cantatas (“Moscow”, “Songs that escaped from hell”, “For Lenin”, etc.); symphony "A peer", symphonic poems "Fifteen minutes before the start", "Youth", "Fair", "Urildaan"; concertos with orchestra - for violin, for saxophone; songs, romances, choirs (including the Leningrad Notebook cycle); works for piano; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
BLOK Vladimir Mikhailovich - Soviet composer - was born on 7. XI 1932 in Moscow. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with E. Gilels, in composition with V. Shebalin, then postgraduate studies with S. Balasanyan. Ph.D. in History of Arts. Among his works are the cantata "Spring Song"; "Udmurt Suite", "Little Suite" for symphony orchestra; Passacaglia and Fugue in memory of S. Prokofiev for string orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for piano, for viola, "Slovak Suite" for violin and orchestra; instrumental works; piano pieces (cycles for children "Simple Pieces", "Pencil Drawings", etc.); songs, romances, choirs; music for theater and cinema; musicological works (including "S. Prokofiev's Music for Children", "S. Prokofiev's Cello Works"). The composer completed the revision of such works as the second symphony by S. Taneyev, "Dumka" for symphony orchestra and sonata for solo cello by S. Prokofiev.
SHCHEDRIN Rodion Konstantinovich - Russian Soviet composer, pianist and public figure - was born on December 16, 1932 in Moscow in the family of a musician. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with Y. Shaporin, in piano class with J. Flier. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, Secretary of the Union of Composers of the USSR and the RSFSR. Among his works are the operas Not Only Love, Dead Souls; the ballets The Little Humpbacked Horse, Carmen Suite (instrumental transcription of the score by J. Vize), Anna Karenina, The Seagull; concert "Poetornya" on the verses of A. Voznesensky for the poet, accompanied by an orchestra, choir and female voice, cantatas "Twenty-Eight", "Bureaucratiad"; 3 symphonies, concertos for orchestra "Naughty ditties" and "Rings"; 3 concertos for piano and orchestra; piano quintet, 2 quartets; instrumental music; piano works (“Twenty-four preludes and fugues”, sonata, etudes, pieces, etc.); songs, choirs; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
MIRZOEV Musa Abdulla-oglu - Azerbaijani Soviet composer - was born on January 26, 1933 in Baku. He graduated from the Baku Conservatory named after U. Gadzhibekov in the composition class of K. Karaev. Honored Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR. Among the composer's works are an oratorio for soloist, choir and symphony orchestra, cantata "Ode to the Future" for choir and orchestra; 2 symphonies (second for string orchestra), symphonietta, vocal-symphonic poem "The Power of Brotherhood", "Symphonic Dances", vocal-symphonic cycle "Persian Motifs" on the songs of S. Yesenin, "Seven Symphonic Pictures", lyrical poem "After Reading Saadn" for symphony orchestra; poem "Dedication to the artist Saryan", "Romantic waltz-poem", "Lyrical" for string orchestra; symphony-concert for violin and orchestra; "Concert March", "Youth Overture", "Azerbaijani Dance", "Fast Movement" scherzo, "Lyrical Concert Waltz", "Festival Capriccio" for pop-symphony orchestra; string quartet, piano trio; instrumental works; piano pieces (including "Youth Album"); songs, choirs; arrangements of folk songs (including the collection "Folk Music of Nakhichevan" for button accordion and accordion).
NURYEV Durdy, a Turkmen Soviet composer, was born on the 17th of October 1933 in the collective farm named after Chkalov (Bayramaliyoky district of the Turkmen SSR). He graduated from the Tashkent Conservatory in the composition class of B. Zeidman. Honored Worker of Culture of the TSSR. Among his works are the opera "Fiery Hearts"; ballet "The Good Sorceress"; musical comedies "Gong-cha", "Hopeless Love"; "Turkmen symphonietta", "Poem in memory of General Y. Kuliyev" for symphony orchestra; concertino for piano and orchestra; concertos with orchestra - for trumpet, for flute, for button accordion; concert for gidzhik with an orchestra of folk instruments; string Quartet; instrumental music; piano works (sonata, variations, children's pieces, etc.); arrangements of folk songs.
KARAMANOV Alemdar Sabitovich - Soviet composer - was born on September 10, 1934 in Simferopol. He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with V. Natanson, in composition with S. Bogatyrev, then postgraduate studies with D. Kabalevsky. Among the works of the composer are the ballet "Stronger than Love"; 13 symphonies; 7 oratorios; concertos with orchestra - for piano (3). for violin (3); piano works (6 sonatas, "Twenty-Four Fugues", children's pieces, etc.); romances, choirs.
LUSINYAN Areg Akopovich - Armenian Soviet composer and teacher - was born on March 20, 1935 in Akhaltsikhe (Georgian SSR). Graduated from the Yerevan Komitas Conservatory, composition class under L. Saryan. Among the works of the composer are the musical comedy "Always with you"; symphony; 2 quartets, piano trio; works for orchestra of folk instruments; piano compositions (including cycles for children "Pictures", "Circus", "Dances of the peoples of the world", "In the world of toys"); songs (including many for children), romances, choirs.
BOTYAROV Evgeny Mikhailovich - Russian Soviet composer - was born on 3. VIII 1935 in the village of Kuz-mino (Sobinoky district of the Vladimir region). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in composition class with N. Pekko and postgraduate studies with S. Balasanyan. Among the composer's works are a symphony, a symphonietta, a poem "About a Russian Soldier", "Youth Overture" for a symphony orchestra; "Cantata about the world", ballad "Walkers" on verses by N. Zabolotsky for voice and orchestra, suite "Summer song" for children's choir and orchestra; instrumental works; piano pieces; music for films, radio and television shows.
SHNAPER Boris Izrailevich (January 17, 1936, Moscow - November 23, 1982, Moscow) was a Soviet composer. Graduated from the Musical and Pedagogical Institute named after Gnesny, composition class under N. Peiko. Among the composer's works are 3 symphonies, "Symphonietta on Chechen-Ingush themes", 4 suites (including "At school"), the poem "The Legend of Aslanbek Sheripov" for symphony orchestra; instrumental music (including sonata for violin and piano); piano works (7 preludes, cycles “Images and Moods”, “Seasons”, etc.); songs, romances, choirs (6 vocal cycles, children's songs, etc.); arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
AGAFONNIKOV Vladislav Germanovich - Russian Soviet composer and teacher - was born on May 18, 1936 in Podolsk (Moscow Region). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in piano with J. Zak, in composition with V. Shebalin (he also has postgraduate studies). Among the composer's works are the opera "Anna Onegin"; ballet "Timur and his team"; the oratorio "Lenin is alive", the cantatas "Komsomolskaya", "Glory to the youth of the century!", "October", "Moscow Gavrosh" (for children's choir and orchestra); symphony; instrumental music; piano works (sonata, scherzo, children's pieces, etc.); sands, romances, choirs; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
RIVILIS Pavel Borisovich - Moldavian Soviet composer - was born on 25. V 1936 in Kamenetz-Podolok (Khmelnitsky region of the Ukrainian SSR). He graduated from the Chisinau Conservatory in the composition class (he studied with L. Gurov, V. Zagorsky and N. Leib). Among his works are a symphony, "Children's Symphony", "Symphonic Dances", the poem "The Apotheosis of War" (based on a painting by V. Vereshchagin), "Unsons" (4 pieces), a concerto for a symphony orchestra; chamber instrumental music (sonata for viola solo, 6 pieces for violin and piano, ejunta for violin and piano, etc.); piano pieces (including variations, bagatelles); songs, romances; music for theater and cinema.
CHALAYEV Shnrvani Ramazatsovich - Dagestan Soviet composer - was born on 16. XI 1936 in the village of Khosrekh (Kulinsky district of the Dagestan ASSR). He graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition with V. Fere, later he did postgraduate studies. People's Artist of the Dagestan ASSR, laureate of the State Prize of the Dagestan ASSR. Among his works are the opera Highlanders; musical comedy "The Wanderings of Bahadur"; 2 cantatas; 2 symphonies, symphonic poem "Partu Patima"; concertos with orchestra - for violin, for cello; quartet; vocal cycles (“Twenty-two poems by Batyr I”, 3 cycles on poems by R. Gamzatov and others), songs (100 Lak, 100 Dargin, 100 Avar); instrumental music; piano works; arrangements of folk songs; music for theater and cinema.
ARISTAKESYAN Emin (Emil) Aspetovich - Armenian Soviet composer - was born on 19. XI 1936 in Yerevan. He graduated from the Yerevan Conservatory in the class of composition under G. Yeghiazaryap, later he also did postgraduate studies. Honored Art Worker of the Armenian SSR, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize of Armenia. Among his works are the ballet "Prometheus"; the vocal-symphonic poem "Generation of October", the cantata "Soviet Armenia" for reciter, choir and symphony orchestra, the cantata "Folk Pictures of Harop" for choir, piano, flute and percussion; 2 symphonies, symphonietta for string orchestra, piano and xylophone, symphonic picture "In the mountains of Armenia"; concerto for viola and orchestra, "Concert Fantasy" for timpani and orchestra; instrumental music (including sonatas for various instruments with piano); piano pieces (“Fantastic Variations”, capriccio, sonata, “Children's Album”, etc.); songs, romances, choirs (“Poem about Lenin” for soloist, choir and piano, poems “Ode to Armenia”, “Requiem”, “Three-vowel Song”, “The Wall of the Communards in Paris”, cycle “Four Pictures” for chamber choir and flute , cycle "Autumn Sketches" for children's choir, etc.); music for theater and cinema.
BALAKAUSKAS Ionas Osvaldas Stasio - Lithuanian Soviet composer - was born on December 19, 1937 in the village of Milyunai (Ukmerge region of the Lithuanian SSR). He graduated from the Kiev Conservatory in composition class (he studied with B. Lyatoshinsky and M S "korik). Among his works are 2 symphonies, "Symphony of the Mountains" for piano and orchestra, "Ludus modorum * for cello and orchestra; 2 string quartets," Orgy Catharsis "for electric cello, flute, percussion and phonogram-magnet recordings, "Heterophony" for electric cello and phonogram-magnet recording; organ music (including 2 sonatas); instrumental music (sonatas for various instruments with piano, etc.); piano works (" Studi sonori" for two pianos, etc.); songs, romances, choirs (including the cycle "At the blue flower" for choir and chamber ensemble); music for theater and cinema.
Songs and music for children has its own character. When listening to children's music, there is some feeling of carelessness and protection. Even on the faces of adults, when they hear a familiar melody from a cartoon or a program from their childhood, a spark appears in their eyes, a smile appears on their face that brings warmth and real joy. That is why it seems that such songs and music are written by people who were able to preserve that childish innocence and carelessness inside.
Writing a children's song is a very responsible task. After all, it is under the first verses that children dance and sing that the memory of a carefree childhood is built. Therefore, when writing children's songs, special attention is paid to the image that is created by us, adults. In the song, it is necessary not only to create a beautiful text, but also to convey a moral that will help the child build a good worldview and become a moral principle. Accordingly, only the person who loves children, knows the approach to them and owns subtle psychology can write such masterpieces.
Every parent tries to make their child happy. To do this, from birth, they try to buy only the best clothes, buy only natural products and give the best gifts. A children's song should also be kind and bright, funny or serious. In addition to the fact that this kind song will become a symbol of childhood, it will also be a warm memory from the past.
A children's composer is a person who creates unique masterpieces. Such a poet is remembered for many years, as he created in the mind of a child a wonderful kind image of a character. Not everyone can write such airy, kind and simply fabulous texts. After all, being in the role of a children's composer, it is necessary not only to have a good command of the pen and the word, here you need to understand the children's worldview. That is why a children's composer cannot write novels; they will forever remain small children living in their own world. That's what makes their lyrics unique.
Music for a children's holiday gives an atmosphere of happiness, even adults begin to smile. And in order to fill and endow all those present at the holiday with such warmth, music for the children's holiday is selected, which is written for fairy tales and songs. After all, children's music has a pure, light and attractive aura, which has no equal. It is enough to put on a cheerful and kind song about Funtik, as all the children will dance with pleasure, and the adults will smile and sing along. It is these correctly chosen chords and words that give the children's holiday the mood of a cracker.
How did children's music come about?
The inner world of a child differs significantly from the inner world of an adult. This means that music created for children should not only be clear in structure and uncomplicated in performance, but also have a special range of images that are close and understandable to children. And that is why the music of "children's albums" by various composers, as a rule, is dedicated to what children live every day of their lives: games and fun, fairy tales and horror stories, real people and fictional characters. In addition, like children's literature, children's music is designed to tell children about kindness and justice, broaden their horizons, teach them to deeply feel and express different emotions.Composers paid attention to the fact that music for children should be composed differently from works for adults only in the middle of the 19th century. Prior to this, there was only a certain pedagogical repertoire, which included pieces for beginning musicians who did not have to be children at all. For example, Johann Sebastian Bach compiled the famous “Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach”, minuets and polonaises from which are now included in the mandatory repertoire of children's music schools, for his second wife, who at that time was quite an adult girl.
In fact, children's music began with the Album for Youth (Album für die Jugend, 1843) by Robert Schumann (1810–1856). Of his two notebooks, only the first contains music for children. It is called just that - “For a younger age” - and is still loved by music teachers. Pieces from the second part of the album, "For the Older Age", did not become as popular because they were both too difficult for children and too simple for older young musicians.
"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky
"Children's Album" (1878) by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, written, as indicated on the title page, "in imitation of Schumann", became not only the next step in the development of children's music, but also the unsurpassed pinnacle of this genre so far. "Imitation" of Schumann was expressed not so much in the sound of the music of this album, but in the very idea of a collection of plays intended for children, and in the use of similar images: playing with soldiers ("Soldier's March" by Schumann and "March of Wooden Soldiers" by Tchaikovsky), a toy horse (“The Brave Rider” and “Playing Horses”), horror stories (“Santa Claus” and “Baba Yaga”), people from the people (“A cheerful peasant returning home from work” and “A man plays the harmonica”) , church theme ("Choral" and "In the Church") and many others.Robert Schumann, The Bold Rider. Performed by Vitalina Efremova
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, "Game of horses". Performed by Denis Kirillov
Unlike Schumann's Album for Youth, Tchaikovsky's Children's Album was a real cycle, the plays of which are united even by some internal plot. The "Children's Album" describes one day in the life of a child from a family of the circle to which Tchaikovsky himself belonged. It begins with a prayer ("Morning Prayer") and ends with singing coming from the temple ("In the Church"). It has close people (“Mom”, “Nanny's Tale”), and favorite fun (“Game of Horses”, “March of Wooden Soldiers”), and dreams and memories (“Sweet Dreams”, “Song of the Lark”, “ The organ grinder sings). A special place in the "Children's Album" is occupied by internal mini-cycles: a suite of dances ("Waltz", "Mazurka", "Polka"), a suite of songs and a story about a doll.
Playing with toys, the child is partly playing adulthood. He already knows that people get sick and even die. In the play "The Doll's Illness", perhaps the most famous of the entire album, Tchaikovsky managed to convey sadness in just a few notes. And the “Funeral of a Doll” that follows it echoes the “Funeral March for the Death of a Hero” from the 12th piano sonata of Ludwig van Beethoven. The play “The New Doll”, which completes this mini-cycle, not only reflects the joy of the child about the presented toy, but also contains a philosophical idea about the cycle of life and even edification: everything happens, everything passes, rejoice in the present.
About children and for children
The line of "children's albums" was continued by "Spikers" (1900) by Samuil Maykapar, "Children's Album" (1923) by Alexander Grechaninov, "Children's Music" (1935) by Sergei Prokofiev and others. The pieces from these collections ideally meet the requirements of children's music: structural clarity, simplicity for performance and a "childish" range of images - and therefore they are actively studied in music schools.Samuil Maykapar, "The Shepherd Boy" from the "Spikins" cycle. Performed by Maria Kunitsyna
Sergei Prokofiev, "Fairy Tale" from the collection "Children's Music". Performed by Tikhon Silvestrov
In addition to children's music intended for independent performance by children, there are a number of works written for children's hearing, moreover, children themselves are unlikely to be able to perform them properly. These are the suites "Children's Games" ("Jeux d'enfants", 1871) by Georges Bizet and "Children's Corner" ("Children's Corner", 1908) by Claude Debussy, Sergei Prokofiev's fairy tales "The Ugly Duckling" (1914) to the text of Hans Christian Andersen and "Peter and the Wolf" (1936), conceived as a children's guide to the instruments of a symphony orchestra.
There is also music “for adults about children”: the piano cycle “Children's Scenes” (“Kinderszenen”, 1838) by Robert Schumann, the vocal cycle “Children's” (1873) by Modest Mussorgsky, “Three Children's Scenes” (1926) by Alexander Mosolov and other works. In them, children no longer act as a target audience, but as one of the characteristic images or themes of adult art. The children themselves are no longer able not only to play such music, but sometimes even to understand its meaning.
In the world there is a huge number of musical works for children. Their distinctive feature is the concreteness of the plot, simplicity and lively poetic content.
Of course, all musical works for children are written taking into account their age capabilities. For example, in vocal compositions, the range and strength of the voice are taken into account, and in instrumental works, the level of technical training.
Children's musical works can be written, for example, in the genre of song, play, aria, opera or symphony. The little ones love classical music reworked into a light, unobtrusive form. Older children (kindergarten age) perceive music from cartoons or children's films well. Musical works by P.I. Tchaikovsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, F. Chopin, V.A. Mozart are popular among middle school children. During this period, children are very fond of works for choral singing. Composers of the Soviet period made a great contribution to this genre.
During the Middle Ages, children's music was distributed with the help of itinerant musicians. The children's songs of German musicians “The birds all flocked to us”, “Flashlight” and others have survived to this day. Here you can draw an analogy with the present: the composer G. Gladkov wrote the well-known musical "The Bremen Town Musicians", which children really like. Children's musical works and classical composers L. Beethoven, J. S. Bach, V. A. did not ignore. The latter's Piano Sonata No. 11 (Turkish March) is popular with children of all ages, from babies to teenagers. It should also be noted the "Children's Symphony" by J. Haydn with its rattles, whistles, children's pipes and drums.
In the 19th century, Russian composers also paid great attention to children's musical works. P.I. in particular, he created children's piano pieces for beginners "Children's Album", where in small works children have various artistic images and tasks that are different in execution. In 1888 N.P. Bryansky composes the first children's operas based on the fables of I.A. Krylov "Musicians", "Cat, goat and ram". Opera "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, of course, cannot be called a completely children's work, but still it is a fairy tale by A. S. Pushkin, which the composer wrote for the centenary of the poet's birth.
The modern space is dominated by children's musical works from cartoons and films. It all started with the songs of I. Dunayevsky for the film "Children of Captain Grant", which are imbued with romanticism and courage. B. Tchaikovsky wrote the music for the film by Rolan Bykov "Aibolit 66". Composers V. Shainsky and M. Ziv created unforgettable musical themes for the cartoon about Cheburashka and his friend Gena the crocodile. Composers A. Rybnikov, G. Gladkov, E. Krylatov, M. Minkov, M. Dunaevsky and many others made a huge contribution to the treasury of children's musical works.
One of the cool children's songs can be heard in the famous cartoon about Antoshka! Let's watch it!
Children's music in the work of many composers at all times was of particular importance. It reflected the memories associated with the most beautiful time in the life of every person - childhood.
Children's music surrounds the younger generation everywhere, from the first games, ending with everyday trips in transport. However, what children will listen to at the age when they themselves will be able to choose depends largely on the parents, so it will not be superfluous to instill an aesthetic culture, starting from preschool age - both teachers and psychologists emphasize this. In addition, researchers have long proven that classical music has a fruitful effect on the creative and mental abilities of a child.
In our time, musical works for children are very relevant and have an important educational, social and professional value. They help the development of fantasy, imaginative thinking, the formation of personality, the choice of profession, etc.
Children's music, intended for listening and performing by children. Her best images are characterized by concreteness, lively poetic content, figurativeness, simplicity and clarity of form.
Musical works for children are often based on folk tales, pictures of nature, images of the animal world.
Works are written in accordance with their performance capabilities. In vocal works, the range of the voice, the peculiarities of sound extraction and diction of children of a certain age, choral training are taken into account, in instrumental pieces - the degree of technical difficulty. The range of musical works accessible to the perception of children and performed in a children's audience. Children's songs exist in folk art (dance songs, counting rhymes, jokes).
An independent section of musical creativity is made up of works based on plots from children's lives, designed for performance by professional artists and not intended specifically for a children's audience. The classic examples of this kind of music include P. I. Tchaikovsky's ballet "The Nutcracker", called by B. V. Asafiev "a brilliant symphony of childhood", the cycle of romances "Children's" by M. P. Mussorgsky, in which the composer with amazing force penetrated into the world of children's psychology, "Children's scenes" for piano by R. Schumann, orchestral suite "Children's Play" by J. Bizet. The lullaby is inextricably linked with poetic children's images, which has found a variety of implementation, both in folk music and in song, instrumental and operatic creativity of composers.
Children's music has become widespread in the work of Soviet composers. Among the major works for children is the symphonic fairy tale "Peter and the Wolf" by S. S. Prokofiev. Many works by Soviet composers were written on the plots of fairy tales: the operas "Masha and the Bear" and "Morozko" by M. I. Krasev, "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" by L. A. Polovinkin, etc. Ballets: "The Stork" by D. L. Klebanov , "Doctor Aibolit" by I. V. Morozov (after K. I. Chukovsky), etc. Many songs and instrumental works were written by Soviet composers for children's radio broadcasting, for performances of children's drama theaters, and children's films. In 1965, the Moscow Children's Musical Theater was founded - the only one in the world. The International Society for Musical Education is doing a lot of work.
2. 2 Domestic and foreign composers - authors of children's music
Many of the composers wrote children's music. Among the most famous both foreign and domestic composers are:
1. J. S. Bach
2. R. Schuman
3. I. Brahms
4. P. I. Tchaikovsky
5. A. K. Lyadov
6. A. K Debussy
7. B. Bartok
8. S. S. Prokofiev
9. D. D. Shostakovich
10. B. Britten
11. V. Sviridov
12. E. Krylatov
Bach Johann Sebastian (1685-1750) - German composer, organist, harpsichordist. The philosophical depth of content and the high ethical meaning of Bach's works put his work among the masterpieces of world culture. He summarized the achievements of the musical art of the transitional period from baroque to classicism. Unsurpassed master of polyphony. The Well-Tempered Clavier (1722-1744), Mass in B Minor (c. 1747-1749), Passion According to John (1724), Passion According to Matthew (1727 or 1729), St. 200 spiritual and secular cantatas, instrumental concertos, numerous compositions for organ.
Children's music also touched Bach. Imagine such a picture. In a powdered wig, a man sits behind a harpsichord surrounded by children. He composes, children listen with interest. This is their father - the greatest composer J. S. Bach. Next to them is Anna Magdalena - mother, singer. For her, Bach creates simple pieces, which will then be included in two "Notebooks for Anna Magdalena Bach". Bach's children learn to play from these notebooks, and then they will open the way to music for all the children of the world. J.S. Bach also wrote music to his children. And four sons even became composers:
Wilhelm Friedemann (1710-1784), "Gallic" Bach, composer and organist, improviser.
Carl Philipp Emanuel (1714-1788), "Berlin" or "Hamburg" Bach, composer and harpsichordist; his work, akin to the Sturm und Drang literary movement, influenced the composers of the Viennese classical school.
Johann Christian (1735-1782), "Milanese" or "London" Bach, composer and harpsichordist, representative of the gallant style, influenced the work of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Johann Christoph Friedrich (1732-1795), "Bückeburg" Bach, composer, harpsichordist, bandmaster.
Schumann Robert (1810-1856) German composer and music critic. An exponent of the aesthetics of German romanticism. Creator of software piano cycles (Butterflies, 1831; Carnival, 1835; Fantastic Pieces, 1837; Kreisleriana, 1838), lyrical and dramatic vocal cycles (Poet's Love, Song Circle, Love and the life of a woman", all 1840); contributed to the development of the romantic piano sonata and variations ("Symphonic etudes", 2nd edition 1852). Opera "Genoveva" (1848), oratorio "Paradise and Peri" (1843), 4 symphonies, concerto for piano and orchestra (1845), chamber and choral compositions, music for the dramatic poem "Manfred" by J. Byron (1849).
R. Schumann devoted a significant part of his work to children. His plays "Brave Rider", "Merry Peasant", "March of Soldiers" were included in the "Album for Youth". Each play is a finished miniature picture. Many of Schumann's songs are very easy to sing. "Children's Scenes" are more complex works, but they also reveal the world of children's amusements, joys and sorrows, draw pictures of the environment.
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) German composer. From 1862 he lived in Vienna. He performed as a pianist and conductor. Brahms' symphonism is distinguished by an organic combination of Viennese classical traditions and romantic imagery. 4 symphonies, overtures, concertos for instruments and orchestra, "German Requiem" (1868), chamber instrumental ensembles, compositions for pianoforte ("Hungarian Dances", 4 notebooks, 1869-1880).
Even J. Brahms wrote children's music. He had many choirs, vocal ensembles, and children's songs.
P. I. Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - Russian composer. Brother of M. I. Tchaikovsky. Subtle psychologist, master symphonist, musical playwright.
Tchaikovsky revealed the inner world of a person in music (from lyrical sincerity to the deepest tragedy), created the highest examples of operas, ballets, symphonies, chamber works.
The children's theme runs through all of Tchaikovsky's work. This is evidenced even by a simple enumeration of works that can conditionally be divided into two groups.
The first is the children's pedagogical repertoire (Children's album, 12 pieces of difficulty, "Chorus of insects and flowers").
The second is works that can be addressed to children's perception; they, as a rule, use fairy-tale images and plots (Children's songs, ballets The Nutcracker, Sleeping Beauty).
Tchaikovsky's "Children's Songs" are, in fact, an appeal to the images of the bygone past, fanned by a melancholy, dreary feeling.
Tchaikovsky was the first Russian composer to create an album of piano pieces for children. It was easy for him to do this because he understood and loved children. For many years he lived in a large friendly family of his sister, Alexandra Ilyinichna Davydova, in Ukraine, in the village of Kamenka. There Pyotr Ilyich always felt at home comfortably.
We learn about his sympathy for children from a letter to von Meck, an admirer and friend of the composer: “My nephews and nieces are such rare and sweet children that it is a great happiness for me to be among them.”
When writing the "Children's Album", the composer cared not only about music-making in the Davydov family. He carried out his long-standing plan - “to contribute to the best of his ability to the enrichment of children's musical literature, which is not very rich. The Children's Album was written in the summer of 1878. In this collection, consisting of 24 small pieces - piano miniatures - the whole life of a child. Many of the pieces in the collection can be conditionally combined into small suites. So, for example, a number of plays are devoted to the history of dolls, others draw pictures of Russian life, and a few more plays tell about foreign countries.
Children's theme is inseparable from mother's love. It is no coincidence that the image of childhood is a child, calmly dozing in a cradle, over which a mother is bending. The world of childhood as an ideal of good is contrasted by Tchaikovsky with the world of real evil. The abundance of lullabies in Tchaikovsky's work, the composer's predilection for the implementation of this genre not only in vocal, but also in instrumental music, is striking.
Lyadov Anatoly Konstantinovich (1855-1914) - Russian composer and conductor. Member of the Belyaevsky circle. Master of symphonic and piano miniatures. Symphonic paintings "Baba Yaga" (1904), "Kikimora" (1909) and others (based on fairy tales), arrangements of Russian folk songs.
The life and work of A. K. Lyadov are connected with St. Petersburg, with Russian music.
A. Lyadov's native element is Russian song, Russian fabulousness. The most complete and complete talent of the composer-miniaturist was expressed in colorful orchestral compositions for the children of Baba Yaga, Kikimora. Russian fairy tales have always fascinated A. Lyadov with their mysteriousness and bizarre fantasy. They awakened his imagination, turning into colorful musical images, which he passed on to children in his music.
Debussy Claude (1862-1918) - French composer, founder of musical impressionism. His compositions are characterized by poetry, elegance of melody, sophistication, unsteadiness of musical images. The basis of creativity is program instrumental music: “Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun” (1894), triptych “Nocturnes” (1899) for orchestra. Opera "Pelléas et Mélisande" (1902), ballets, poem for voice, women's choir and orchestra "The Chosen One" (1888), piano works.
The piano suite "Children's Corner" is dedicated to Debussy's daughter. The desire to reveal in music the world of 1918 through the eyes of a child in his usual images - a strict teacher, a doll, a little shepherd, a toy elephant - makes Debussy widely use both everyday dance and song genres, and genres of professional music in a grotesque, caricatured form.
Bartok Béla (1881-1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and musicologist-folklorist. Born in the family of the director of an agricultural school, an amateur musician and teacher.
In 1899-1903 he studied at the Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest.
Children all over the world play the music of the Hungarian composer Béla Bartok "Ten Easy Pieces", "For Children", "15 Hungarian Peasant Songs", "Romanian Christmas Songs", "Microcosmos". “The freshness and extraordinaryness of Bartók's musical language are associated primarily with Hungarian folk art. He was the first composer to discover Hungarian folklore and made the whole world marvel at its brightness and originality,” wrote composer E. Denisov. Bartók's most significant children's cycle is Microcosmos. Calling this cycle "Little Universe", he wanted to emphasize the universal focus of the collection.
Continuing the tradition, many domestic composers create bright, interesting children's music.
Prokofiev Sergey Sergeevich (1891-1953) - Russian Soviet composer, pianist and conductor, People's Artist of Russia (1947), Lenin Prize (1957, posthumously), State Prize of the USSR (1943, 1946 - three times, 1947, 1951).
Sergei Prokofiev can be safely called the sun of Russian music of the twentieth century, his work is imbued with powerful vitality, dazzling light, imbued with boundless love for life, for man, for nature. Even in the saddest, most dramatic and intense tragic pages of his music, where the clouds sometimes thicken, almost to complete blackness, we always feel that somewhere, behind these clouds, the sun continues to shine, and it will surely shine again over us, will surely triumph over any bad weather. The art of our century is a restless art. It was affected by the unrest and anxieties of the modern world. We clearly feel the traces of military storms on it, which brought infinitely much suffering and grief to humanity.
S. Prokofiev often and willingly turned to fairy tales, beloved and close children. Even in his youth, he composed music to the text of Andersen's famous fairy tale "The Ugly Duckling", and in his mature years he put fairy-tale plots at the basis of his wonderful ballets "Cinderella" and "The Tale of the Stone Flower". Among the "fabulous" compositions, we will meet the most poetic piano pieces "Tales of an Old Grandmother" and the mischievous ballet "A fairy tale about a jester who outwitted seven jesters." And next to these Russian-fairy-tale ballets is an opera permeated with the same sharp humor based on the plot of the Italian fairy tale by Carlo Gozzi “The Love for Three Oranges”. The symphonic fairy tale "Peter and the Wolf", beloved by children all over the world, adjoins here, listening to which the children not only get great pleasure, but also visually get acquainted with the main instruments of the symphony orchestra.
Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich (1906-1975) - Russian Soviet composer, People's Artist of the USSR (1954), Doctor of Arts, Hero of Socialist Labor (1966), Lenin Prize (1958), State Prize of the USSR (1941, 1942, 1946, 1950, 1952, 1968), State Prize of the RSFSR (1974), International Peace Prize (1954), Sibelius Prize, honorary member of academies and doctor of universities in many countries of the world.
In a number of piano pieces for children, D. Shostakovich opens his own musical and figurative sphere. In this regard, the pieces for beginner musicians from the "Children's Notebook" op. 69 and "Dance of the Dolls". These children's plays surprise with their amazing naturalness and optimism. Simplicity and intelligibility of images, ease of execution give full grounds for the inclusion of these collections in the children's repertoire. The titles of the pieces in The Children's Notebook (1944–1945) by D. Shostakovich, their versatility of figurative sphere and musical programming speak for themselves. For example, "A Sad Tale" and a cheerful, bright "Merry Tale"; "The Bear" is a play in which the image of a clumsy bear cub is shown in frequently repeated moves at wide intervals; mechanical, built on the monotony of the Clockwork Doll melody; quivering "Waltz"; peppy active "March". All these pieces embody a specific artistic image, which is very important for young musicians who begin their studies at children's music schools.
Britten Benjamin (1913-1976) English composer, pianist and conductor. Revived English musical theatre. Combined national musical traditions of the 16th-17th centuries. with modern musical instruments. The operas Peter Grimes (1945), Albert Herring (1947), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1960), chamber operas, including The Turn of the Screw (1954); vocal and symphonic compositions "Ballad of Heroes", "War Requiem" (1961), "Cantata of Mercy" (1963), etc.
The composer B. Britten was much involved in children's music. He created a collection of many school songs. The songs from this collection are popular among English schoolchildren. The cycle “Ritual Christmas Songs” was written for children to perform accompanied by a harp. The best of the songs are "Frosty Winter", "Oh, my dear." Britten's Guide to the Orchestra, a unique work that introduces the listener to the modern symphony orchestra, gained fame.
Sviridov Georgy Vasilyevich (1915-1998) - Russian composer, pianist, People's Artist of the USSR (1970), Hero of Socialist Labor (1975). Lenin Prize (1960), State Prize of the USSR (1946, 1968, 1980). State Prize of the Russian Federation (1994).
Sviridov's "Album of Pieces for Children" attracts with its clarity, simplicity of musical language, sincerity of feelings, and bright national color. The composer continued the traditions coming from Tchaikovsky's "Children's Album". 17 pieces of "Album" Sviridov represent a string of miniatures of different nature: lyrical, fairy tale, dance, marching. Among them there are plays-landscapes, game scenes.
Krylatov Evgeny Pavlovich (1934) is a Russian composer. Graduated from the Moscow Conservatory (1959). Since 1967, he worked in cinema, the author of music for feature and animated films (Property of the Republic, 1971; Oh, this Nastya, 1971; And it's all about him, 1977).
Music for children occupies a special place in Krylatov's work. This is the ballet "Flower-Semitsvetik", and music for MTYUZE performances, and for radio shows, and, finally, songs.
More than one generation of children has been growing up on the wonderful songs of the composer Krylatov - such as: "Lullaby of the Bear", "Forest Deer", "Swallow", "Winged Swing", "Beautiful Far Away", "Three White Horses" and other wonderful songs. In practice, there is not a single choral group, ensemble, in whose repertoire there would be no works by Winged.
2. 3 Sociological survey
The sociological survey was conducted in the children's music school in Norilsk, Kayerkan district. 34 people were interviewed, the average age of which was 23 years. Among the respondents were both students of different departments of the music school and teachers.
To the question: "What do you think, which of the listed composers is best known as the author of children's music?" most voted for Tchaikovsky - 20.6%, Bach - 14.7% and Krylatov and Prokofiev - 11.8% each. Schumann and Debussy got into the middle category - 8.8% each, Shostakovich and Brahms - 6% each. Lyadov and Britten had the least votes - 3% each and Sviridov - 0%.
The results of the survey show that P. I. Tchaikovsky and J. S. Bach are indeed the most famous composers who wrote children's music, since they actually have a lot of children's works of various genres.
CONCLUSION
According to literary sources, composers of different eras who composed music for children were identified. Nowadays it is performed not only by professional musicians, but also by children (songs, instrumental pieces). Many composers have written children's music for various reasons: some to educate their own children, others simply out of love for them.
Domestic composers of the 20th century continue the traditions of their predecessors and create bright, interesting instrumental children's music. It was during this era that music flourished, because previously it was available only in wealthy families. Also, composers, without simplifying their musical language, composed it so that children could cope with technical difficulties.
The paper shows the features of children's music and reveals its significance in the life of every composer.
