Topic: "A Hero of Our Time" is the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an outstanding personality

Goals:

. Educational: analysis of the work: to identify the features of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" as a psychological work; to trace how, against the background of the life of ordinary people, Pechorin's inconsistency sharply stands out; identify the author's attitude to the hero as a whole and understand the causes of the tragedy of Pechorin;

2.Educational: teaching monologue speech, developing the skill of expressive reading;

3. Educational: fostering interest in studying the work of M.Yu. Lermontov.

Equipment:

illustrations for the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II . Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

With the creation of the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature, continuing Pushkin's realistic traditions. M.Yu. Lermontov generalized in the image of Pechorin the typical features of the younger generation of his era, the 30s XIX century, the era that came after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising in Russia, when freedom-loving views were persecuted, when the best people of that time could not find application for their knowledge and abilities, prematurely lost their youthful soul, devastated life by the pursuit of new impressions. This is precisely the fate of Grigory Pechorin, the protagonist of Lermontov's novel.

The topic of today's lesson is "A Hero of Our Time" - the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an outstanding personality "

What do you understand by the expression "uncommon personality"?

(Unusual, standing out from others)

We must find out what is the originality of Pechorin's personality.

And besides, we must reveal what the psychologism of the novel is.

How do you understand the meaning of the word "psychologism"?

(Notebook entry: Psychologism is an in-depth depiction of mental, emotional experiences.

(Dictionary)

III . Checking homework.

What is the peculiarity of the composition of the work?

(The novel consists of 5 independent stories. The central character, Pechorin, ties together all parts of the novel. The stories are arranged in such a way that the chronology of the hero’s life is clearly violated.

You needed to restore the plot of the work. Do you remember what Fabula is?

(Fabula - the location of the main events (episodes) of a literary work in their chronological order.)

Story order Story order

1. "Bela" 4

2. "Maxim Maksimych" 5

3. "Taman" 1

4. "Preface to Pechorin's Journal" 6

5. "Princess Mary" 2

6. Fatalist 3

(The author uses the principle from “external” to “internal” disclosure of the character of the protagonist. First, other people tell about Pechorin (Maxim Maksimych, an officer “Traveling on official need”). Then Pechorin himself tells about himself in the stories “Taman”, “Fatalist ", as well as in his diary - confession.)

IV . Work on the topic of the lesson (analysis of the work)

1) Work on questions:

In the first chapter we see Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych. What can you say about this person?

(The headquarters - the captain, who spent most of his life in the Caucasian fortress, is able to accurately reproduce the external course of events, but cannot explain them. He is far from understanding the spiritual searches of the hero. The motives of his actions for Maxim Maksimych are inexplicable. He only notices the "strangeness of the hero")

What did you learn from the story "Bela" about Pechorin's life in the fortress?

What traits of character speak of his actions?

(Pechorin has a brilliant analytical mind, he evaluates people, the motives of their actions, and, on the other hand, boredom quickly takes possession of him, he has no purpose in life.)

What did you learn about Pechorin's life before appearing in the fortress?

How does psychology manifest itself in this episode?

(We see here not only a description of life, but also the spiritual experiences of the hero)

Under what circumstances do we meet the hero while reading the chapter "Maxim Maksimych"?

Who describes the portrait of Pechorin

What seemed unusual in the appearance of the hero?

(The combination of blond hair and black eyes, "the eyes did not laugh when he laughed." The author concludes that this is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep permanent sadness.)

Has Pechorin changed after leaving the fortress?

(Pechorin's indifference to life, to people, apathy, selfishness increased.)

What is the purpose of the narrator printing Pechorin's Journal?

(Show the history of the human soul)

Who acts as a narrator in the story "Taman"?

And who is the main character?

How did Pechorin show himself in a collision with smugglers, how is his character revealed?

(Pechorin finds himself in the role of an observer who accidentally witnessed the actions of smugglers. But gradually he leaves the role of an observer and becomes a participant in events. The desire to intervene in events speaks of the hero’s activity, he does not want to be content with the passive role of a contemplator of life.)

What aspects of character can be judged by the story "Taman"

(Activity, desire for action, attraction to danger, perseverance, observation)

Why, having such opportunities in character, does Pechorin not seem happy?

(All his actions do not have a deep goal. He is active, but neither he nor others need activity. He is smart, resourceful, observant, but all this brings misfortune to people. There is no goal in his life, his actions are random).

In the story "Princess Mary" we see Pechorin in Pyatigorsk.

How did his relationship with the "water society" develop?

How are Pechorin's relations with Grushnitsky developing?

Analyze the history of Pechorin's relationship with Princess Mary.

(The story of Mary's seduction is based on the knowledge of the human heart. This means that Pechorin is well versed in people)

How and why are relations between Pechorin and Vera developing?

What does the tragic scene of the pursuit of Vera indicate?

(His love for Vera awakens with new strength precisely when there is a danger of forever losing the only woman who understood him.)

Why does the hero not find happiness in love? How does he say it himself?

(Read passages)

"Fatalist"

How does Pechorin tempt fate?

What does his action say?

V . Working with illustrations.

1) Illustration by L. M. Nepomniachtchi for the novel “A Hero of Our Time”

"Death of Bela"

Exercise:

1. Describe the illustration

2. Find lines from the text that convey the state of the characters in the illustration

(In the foreground of the picture, Maxim Maksimych, shocked by the death of Bela, is depicted. In the doorway near Bela’s bed, Pechorin, depicted in full growth, is visible. His face expresses the same complex feelings as in Lermontov’s narrative (“... I have never noticed a single tear on his eyelashes: whether he really couldn’t cry or was in control of himself - I don’t know ... ”,“ ... his face did not express anything special, and I became annoyed: I would have died of grief in his place")

2) Illustration by L.E. Feinberg to the novel "A Hero of Our Time"

"Pechorin and the Wandering Officer"

3) Illustration by P. Ya. Pavlinov “Pechorin and the smuggler”

VI. Lesson summary

What is the originality of Pechorin's personality?

What is the psychology of the novel?

The character of Pechorin cannot be unambiguously assessed. Good and bad, good and evil are bizarrely intertwined in it. The fact is that in his actions he proceeds from his own selfish motives. Own "I" is the goal, and all the people around are only a means to satisfy the desires of this "I". Pechorin's individualism formed a transitional era, a sign of which was the absence of a lofty goal, social ideals.

VI. Homework: Creativity M.Yu. Lermontov

During the classes.
Organizing time. Emotional mood. Motivation.
- Hello guys! Have a seat! My name is Irina Valentinovna, today I will give you a lesson in literature.
- Look at slide 1. What do you see? (gift boxes) What do you think could be inside these boxes?
Slide 2 (it turns out, anything) like this, and the first impression of a person can be deceptive.
- Do you think that during our work we will be able to learn at least a little about each other? (Yes) Sometimes, guys, a lifetime is not enough to see the character of a person, to understand his thoughts, the reasons for his certain actions.
I see you for the first time, but, nevertheless, I am sure that we will find a common language and our work with you will be successful.
2. Challenge.
- Look at slide 3, from which work is this phrase taken? (Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri").
- How is Lermontov's poem related to his novel "A Hero of Our Time"? Pay attention to the question. He is key. (the author tried to reveal the soul of the hero, his experiences, to reveal the reason for his actions)
What genre does this work belong to? Let's remember what it means
"psychological novel"? (A psychological novel is an epic work in which attention is focused on the inner world of the hero, the movements of his soul, understanding the reasons for his actions) Whatman paper is attached to the board
-Lermontov in his novel tried to act as a psychologist. What is a psychologist? (a specialist who studies human behavior in various situations, tries to understand the reasons for this or that behavior, etc.) So today you will also try to play the role of psychologists.
2. Challenge. Reception "Tree of predictions" (paper with a tree is already on the board)
- So, look again at the fundamental question and try to predict what we will do today? To do this, take the leaves, write down your forecast, read it out loud and attach it to the “prediction tree”. (student answers are written on sheets of paper and attached to the "Tree of Predictions")
- Who is this hero? (Pechorin) And now I open the second part of the topic, read it: “The mystery of the image of Pechorin”
3. Goal setting. slide 4
- So, who are we going to talk about, whose image to analyze? The theme of our lesson is "The Mystery of Pechorin's Image". Please formulate the objectives of the lesson:
- Summarize knowledge in the image of Pechorin
- Try to find out what is the mystery of the image of the main character
- Create a psychological portrait of Pechorin
4. Understanding.
A) Reception "Association" 2 min
- Look at slide 5, what associations do you have when you see these people? What is one word for them? (heroes). I suggest that two groups work with dictionaries, find a dictionary entry for the word “hero”, and the rest of the guys answer me, who is a hero in your understanding?
B) Dictionary work (2 groups find dictionary entries while other children express their guesses) Slide 6
- The word hero has several meanings. Which one suits Pechorin? (work with a dictionary, discussion in a group)
- a person outstanding for his courage, selflessness, performing feats;
- the main character of a literary work;
- a person who attracts attention, is a role model;
- a person embodying the features of an era, environment.
Conclusion. All meanings of the word hero, except for the first, are applicable to our controversial character and person.
C) The "Six Thinking Hats" technique
-So, the word hero is the key word in the title of Lermontov's novel. The core of the novel is the revelation of an extraordinary nature. In various episodes, Pechorin always shows his other face. It is not his external heroic features that come to the fore, but his inner spiritual world.
- You already know a lot about Pechorin: this hero evokes the most conflicting feelings and relationships. You can express your attitude towards the hero using the Six Thinking Hats technique. Slide 8
- Come out one representative from the group and choose your favorite hat. Slide 8 (comment on each hat)
- In each hat is a card with a task. Within 5 minutes you need to complete your task, determine who from the group will come out to answer, and, putting on a hat, present the image of Pechorin according to the chosen type of thinking. (the work of the groups takes place with musical accompaniment)
- And so that the guests do not get bored, they also have to complete a creative task, like the group that chose the green hat.
D) Publication of answers (slides 9 - 14)
Group 1 (white): Inconsistency (sometimes committed rash, contradictory acts)
Group 2 (red): Passionate nature. Lermontov wrote a realistic work, but he himself was a romantic by nature. Therefore, passions are raging in Pechorin, which are carefully hidden by the hero himself. (turned pale, lost weight, cried)
Group 3 (black): Selfishness, indifference to others
Group 4 (yellow): Introspection, self-knowledge
Group 5 (green): Hero of his time
SinkwinePechorin
Lonely, strange (selfish, conflicted)
Bored, disappointed, unforgiving
A hero of his time (strives for self-knowledge or plays with people's feelings)
Riddle (or inconsistency (whose) hero of his time)
Deciphering the first letters of the word "nature" indicating the character traits of the protagonist:
N- persistent
A is ambitious
T - solid
U - smart
R - decisive
A - active
6th group (blue): Mysteriousness
- So, the writer does not give a complete picture in the understanding of the hero. The author allows us to draw completely incompatible conclusions, portraying Pechorin in our eyes as either a villain or a knight. But the character of this hero, whose main features we have written on the board, is a reflection of the time in which our hero lived. This character has both dark and bright sides.
5. Summing up. Socialization.
- Lermontov did not have such a task: to tell us the history of human life. He had another task: "the history of the human soul" was to be revealed to the reader. Lermontov needed to find a form for revealing the complex, contradictory character of the hero, which is why he shows Pechorin through the prism of double frames.
- Slide 15 In "Bel" we see Pechorin as if from a window, through the double frames of the stories of Maxim Maksimych and his companion.
- Slide 16 In "M.M." one frame opens: no longer two people, but one tells about his impression of Pechorin.
- Slide 17 In "Taman" - the window is wide open: the hero himself tells the reader about himself, but does not yet reveal his spiritual movements - we learn a lot about the events and quite a bit about the feelings and thoughts of the hero.
- Slide 18 Only in the last two stories - "Princess Mary" and "The Fatalist" - the hero's soul is fully revealed to us: in his diary entries.
Slide 19 And yet, in the words of the great Russian critic Belinsky, “Pechorin is hiding from us with the same unsolved creature as he appears to us at the beginning of the novel,” because it is impossible to fully comprehend the human soul.
- Let's look at Pechorin's character traits again. Which of them can manifest in our contemporaries? And which ones are in you?
- Slide 20 Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky, a Russian teacher, gives us advice: “You live among people ... Check your actions with your consciousness: do you cause evil, trouble, inconvenience to people with your actions. Make sure that the people around you feel good.”
- What should not be in a person? That which destroys the soul is EVIL.
6. Reflection.
- Let's go back to our Prediction Tree, did your predictions match what we did in the lesson? Have we achieved the goals we set for ourselves?
- Slide 21 Now evaluate your work in the lesson using the ladder of success: select the level you need and attach the little man there.
Homework. Slide 22 Essay “My Pechorin” or essay reasoning “Who is the hero of our time for me? »
- I thank you for the active and fruitful work at the lesson. I wish you further success in studying literature, as well as successful exams!

Attached files

We will talk about Lermontov's great novel "A Hero of Our Time". Who is a hero in Russian literature? This is not a positive character, but associated with the complexity of life. Russian classical literature does not teach correct answers to simple questions, but the difficulties of life.

Lermontov began working with prose ideas related to A Hero of Our Time in 1838. He sketches the unfinished novel "Princess Ligovskaya", where Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin already appears. By the end of his life, the writer completes the work. In 1839, two stories from this novel "Bela" and "The Fatalist" appeared in the magazine.

There are works that are addictive due to a well-constructed plot. Many events and characters are united by one storyline. In Lermontov's novel, everything is different. There is no single storyline. The novel consists of disparate stories and is connected by the image of the main character Grigory Pechorin (see Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. M.A. Vrubel. Portrait of a military man (Pechorin on the couch)

Let us recall two literary concepts: plot and plot.

plot- the chronological sequence of events in a literary work.

But there are practically no stories with a direct, simple chronology. The authors jump from the events of the present to events from the past, look into the future, because they are building a plot.

Plot- a series of events built in accordance with the author's intention.

If the events were arranged in chronological order, the reader would first learn about Vera, because the hero met her a long time ago, long before he knew all the other characters.

The plot sequence of episodes of the novel

• "Taman"
• "Princess Mary"
• "Fatalist"
• "Bela"
• "Maxim Maksimych"

If Lermontov's novel had been built this way, it might have been more exciting. In the story "Princess Mary" there is a duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. M.A. Vrubel. "Duel Pechorin with Grushnitsky"

The reader does not experience excitement, it is known for sure that Pechorin will survive. The plot tension is off. A hero will die on his way back from Persia.

So, Lermontov's fascination is not so important.

The plot sequence of the episodes of the novel

• Preface. Meet the author and characters.
• "Bela".
• "Maxim Maksimych".
• Pechorin's journal. Notes telling about the events that took place before Bela: preface, Taman, Princess Mary, Fatalist.

The novel "A Hero of Our Time" came out in two small books that came to Nicholas I. Emperor Lermontov did not favor, but read the work carefully. He liked the first book and approved it. When I read the second, which contains Pechorin's notes, Nicholas I was disappointed in the work. He misunderstood the name, deciding that the "Hero of Our Time" was Maxim Maksimych. A simple loyal subject, a good Russian officer, faithful to the oath, having no spiritual contradictions, Pechorin explains internal experiences by the fact that "mother spoiled him." This is a deceitful move by Lermontov. He built the work with a different idea. The reader does not plunge deep into the events, but penetrates into the soul of the hero himself. The composition of the novel is subject to this plot rule. The reader moves in circles, gets acquainted with Maxim Maksimych and through his eyes looks at Pechorin in Bela's story. Then Pechorin himself appears, a cold, contemptuous person who does not look like a romantic hero, as Maxim Maksimych described him. Then the notes of Pechorin himself, the reader is immersed in his inner world and looks at what is happening already through his eyes. This is an important feature of the novel.

"Hero of our time"- the first psychological novel in Russian literature. What matters is not the events, but the history of the soul. This is a controversial portrait of an entire generation. The author does not seek to help the reader. What should be Pechorin? Should we love him or hate him, be indifferent or accept his image? The author shows three love stories connected with the hero. In all Pechorin looks like a monster. But women fall in love with him because they feel the power that contemporaries have lost. For the hero, love events end in disappointment, for the girls in disaster. But still, the reader finds a special meaning in them. Lermontov teaches the complexities of life, not the deciphering of simple formulas.

The last of the stories of the novel "The Fatalist", it talks about the main problem: is the protagonist responsible for his fate, or is everything fatal and predetermined, and nothing can be changed. There is no definitive answer. Serb Vulich, who had a premonition of death, plays with fate, and fate leaves him alive: the gun does not shoot. Miraculously surviving, Vulich dies "from a random checker of a drunken Cossack." Pechorin rushes at the Cossack, and the hero is more likely to die, but fate is present in our lives and Pechorin remains alive.

The author constantly reflects on the extent to which fate determines the fate of a person. The reader enters the world of the soul not only of the hero, but also of the narrator. This is a double psychological novel. Two images in the spotlight: the hero and the narrator. Relationships with each other are as complex as the plot of the novel. Pechorin is hopeless. The reader meets and says goodbye to him in the fortress. The hero cannot go beyond the circle outlined around his personality. The author does not find a way out of this contradiction either.

The text of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

Victor Zolotussky in the program “M.Yu. Lermontov. Mysterious Tale” tells about the influence of the nature of the Caucasus on the perception and work of the poet; talks about the similarities and differences between the images of Pechorin and the Demon.

Participants of the program talk about the tragic fate of Pechorin

Target: in the process of reading and analyzing the novel, trace the properties of the character of the protagonist, understand the originality of the creation of a psychological image, see its inconsistency, oddities, set out to solve the riddle of Pechorin.

Electronic means: film by A. Kotta "A Hero of Our Time"

visual aids: illustrations and other artists for the novel "A Hero of Our Time"

LESSON 1 The story of BELA.

Screen Recording:

Vl. Nabokov builds chronological events and the order of the stories:

1. "Taman" (c. 1830) Pechorin is sent from St. Petersburg to the active army and stops in Taman.

2. "Princess Mary" (May 10 - June 17, 1832). Pechorin comes from the active detachment to the waters in Pyatigorsk and then to Kislovodsk; after a duel with Grushnitsky, he was transferred to the fortress under the command of Maxim Maksimovich.

3. "Fatalist" (December 1832) Pechorin arrives for two weeks from the fortress of Maxim Maksimovich to the Cossack village.

4. "Bela" (spring 1833) Pechorin kidnaps the daughter of the "Mirnov Prince", and after 4 months she dies at the hands of Kazbich.

5. "Maxim Maksimych" (autumn 1837) Pechorin goes to Persia, again finds himself in the Caucasus and meets with Maxim Maksimych.

DISCUSSION QUESTION: Why did Lermontov not build the novel in chronological order, but confused and rebuilt everything?

(Answer options are written on the board)

CONCLUSION: This is due to the author's attention to the inner world of the hero. The reader is turned to one or the other side of his character, but the character itself does not change, it was formed earlier, and Pechorin himself sometimes explains his actions by “his unhappy upbringing”.

2 SCREEN RECORDING:

“And perhaps tomorrow I will die!.. and not a single creature will remain on earth who would understand me completely. Some revere me worse, others better than I really do. Some will say: he was a good fellow, others - a bastard! .. Both will be false.

WHO IS HE - THE HERO OF LERMONTOV?

Let's take a look at the Preface test.

What epithets do we find in explaining the purpose of the essay? (the vices of the generation, you fool, far more terrible and ugly fictions, bitter medicines, caustic truths, human vices).

What is the character's image? (this is not a hero in a romantic sense, but a portrait of a generation with its vices, immoral acts, without embellishment, about which Lermontov wrote bitterly in the "Duma" (SCREEN RECORDING):

Sadly, I look at our generation!

His future is either empty or dark,

Meanwhile, under the burden of knowledge and doubt,

In inaction, it will grow old ...

And we hate and we love by chance,

Sacrificing nothing to either malice or love,

And some kind of secret cold reigns in the soul,

When the fire boils in the blood.

Conclusion:

This controversial hero, in which a scoundrel and a kind fellow are intertwined, causes both sadness and regret in the author, because this is his contemporary, which means that there is also a particle of Lermontov in him; and his fate, and his useless life will be repeated many times in future generations: “the bitter mockery of a deceived son over squandered father."

Let's turn to the story "Bela"

Here, the staff captain Maxim Maksimovich during the journey - the ascent to the Gud-mountain, the descent into the Devil's Valley, the forced halt in the Ossetian sakla, entertains the companion with a story about his strange colleague - Pechorin.

What surprises and what is incomprehensible to Maxim Maksimovich in Pechorin?

Working with text (quoting, retelling):

His inconsistency: then on the hunt everyone will get tired, chill, but nothing to him. But in the room the wind smells, assures that he caught a cold. Either he is silent for hours, and then he starts talking - you will tear your tummies.

He retells Pechorin's explanations why he quickly gets bored with everything, but explains that all misfortunes come from drunkenness or being spoiled: “what you thought, give, it’s clear that in childhood he was spoiled by his mother.”

Interested in this strange man, we turn to his actions.

How does the hero manifest himself in the story with Bela?

- he liked her immediately when she came up and sang a compliment. 16-year-old, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and look into your soul. He figured out how to steal it, and stole it.

In order to win her over, he showered her with gifts, but quickly realized that he needed to turn to her feelings: “Farewell, ..

I am guilty before you ... Maybe I won’t be chasing a bullet for long ... then remember me and forgive me.

He calculated the time when Bela would become his, even argued with Maxim Maksimovich - in a week.

For a while they were happy. But this did not last long. Pechorin got bored with Bela, he began to leave the fortress for a long time.

Bela left the fortress to the river, was captured by Kazbich and mortally wounded. So Kazbich took revenge on Pechorin for the horse. Pechorin struck Maxim Maksimovich with a strange laugh after Bela's death, then he was ill for a long time, and lost weight.

Did these events and actions of the hero clarify anything in Pechorin's character?

- He is a charming person, Maxim Maksimovich fell in love with him like his own son, Bela fell in love with him.

He is a calculating egoist, a talented scoundrel. Guilty for the death of Bela and her family. He acted selfishly and inhumanly with Bela: he traded her for someone else's horse.

He suffers and suffers. The death of Bela left a long mark on his soul.

When he needs, he applies his methods of charm, and no one can resist him, he has a strong strong-willed nature, he knows how to play on human strings.

General conclusion: So, judging by the actions told by Maxim Maksimovich, Pechorin is a mysterious, strange, contradictory person. said about him: "In "Bel" he is some kind of mysterious person, as if shown under an assumed name so that he would not be recognized."

Written task: write an essay "First acquaintance with Pechorin"

LESSON 2 .

The story "Maxim Maksimych"

PURPOSE: To see the hero through the eyes of a narrator-psychologist, to find confirmation of Maxim Maksimych's observations and to get clarifications to some of his contradictions by looking at his portrait.

1. Let's share our thoughts about Pechorin (we read home essays)

3. Work with the text of the chapter.

The meeting with the hero is preceded by a description of the morning. We read it: “The morning was fresh and beautiful. Golden clouds piled up on the mountains, like a new row of air mountains ... ". Against the background of a fresh morning, so long and impatiently waiting (together with Maxim Maksimych) appears - He. Perhaps there is some hidden meaning in this?

Yes, he is clearly indifferent to the beauty of the morning: he yawned twice and sat down on the bench on the other side of the gate.

Let's read the portrait of Pechorin and note the features of his personality in it. (The ability to endure the difficulties of a nomadic life, the habits of a decent person, the secrecy of character, nervous weakness, a childish smile, his eyes did not laugh when he laughed - a sign of either an evil disposition, or a deep constant sadness, a look might have seemed impudent if he had not been so indifferently calm).

What in the portrait of Pechorin immediately catches your eye?

Yes, and the portrait emphasizes inconsistency. We will confirm this with observations: we will compile a table of contradictions.

Broad shoulders - female hands

Children's smile - penetrating heavy look

Youthful appearance - Wrinkles that cross one another

Blond hair - Mustache and black eyebrows

Gait is careless and lazy - Does not swing his arms

Strong physique - Straight frame bent as if there was not a single bone, etc.

What in his attitude to Maxim Maksimych surprised and amazed you?

Indeed, it is so indifferent, cold to meet an old friend, to refuse to talk, to remember the old life. Bel. Stop! At the name of Bela, Pechorin turned pale and turned away. He didn't forget anything! Can we explain his behavior now?

Yes, he is going to Persia and will never return. Remember, he told Maxim Maksimych in the fortress: "As soon as possible, I will go ... to America, to Arabia, to India - maybe I will die somewhere along the way." Is it up to him to talk, to memories? Even the diaries are no longer needed - he breaks the connection with everything that was dear ...

What is your opinion about Pechorin now? (Strange, sad, lonely, tired, secretive, devastated, indifferent to both the past and the future, surprisingly cute, evoking sympathy and interest)

Write about this essay.

(In the remaining time, we watch an episode of Kotta's film "A Hero of Our Time" "Bela")

SYSTEM OF LESSONS ON THE NOVEL OF M.Yu. LERMONTOV "HERO OF OUR TIME"
Author: Makarova Natalya Alexandrovna, teacher of Russian language and literature.
LESSON #1
Topic: "A Hero of Our Time" is the first psychological novel in Russian literature. Main and secondary characters.
Purpose: review and discussion of the content of the novel; analysis of composition features; prove that the work is the first psychological novel in Russian literature; create conditions for a more complete understanding of the text; develop the skills of analyzing a literary work through the features of the plot and composition; identifying the reading position of students; development of monologue speech skills.
DURING THE CLASSES
“The Hero of Our Time, my gracious sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development” (M.Yu. Lermontov)
I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

Working with an epigraph
III. WORK ON THE LESSON TOPIC
1. Teacher's lecture (students take notes)
The only completed novel by Lermontov was not originally conceived as an integral work. In "Notes of the Fatherland" for 1839 were published "Bela. From an Officer's Notes on the Caucasus" and later "The Fatalist" with the note that "M. Y. Lermontov in a short time will publish a collection of his stories, both printed and unpublished. In 1840, "Taman" was printed there, followed by two volumes of "A Hero of Our Time" published in volumes. A problematic aphoristic name was proposed by an experienced journalist A. A. Kraevsky instead of the original author's "One of the heroes of our century." The “Collection of Stories”, united by the image of the protagonist, turned out to be the first socio-psychological and philosophical novel in Russian prose, which also mastered numerous elements of dramatic action in terms of genre, especially in the largest and most significant story - “Princess Mary”.
“The Hero of Our Time” is “the story of the human soul”, one person who embodied in his unique individuality the contradictions of an entire historical period. Pechorin is the only main character (although "Eugene Onegin" is named after one hero, the image of Tatyana, as well as the Author, is extremely important in it). His loneliness in the novel is fundamentally significant. Only separate episodes of Pechorin's biography are covered; in the preface to his journal, the traveling officer reports on a thick notebook “where he tells his whole life,” but, in essence, the reader already gets an idea of ​​​​the hero’s life path from childhood to death. This is the story of the futile attempts of an outstanding person to realize himself, to find at least some satisfaction for his needs, attempts that invariably turn into suffering and losses for him and those around him, the story of his loss of powerful vitality and an absurd, unexpected, but prepared by all the narrated death from nothing to do, from his uselessness to anyone else and to himself.
Most readers and critics of the newly published novel perceived Pechorin as a completely negative hero. Emperor Nicholas I also showed this level of understanding. Getting acquainted with the first part of the work, he decided that the “hero of our days” would be the unpretentious, honest (and narrow-minded) campaigner Maxim Maksimych. The content of the second part and the assignment of the title formula to Pechorin caused the emperor (in a letter to his wife) to irritated maxims: “Such novels spoil morals and harden character.” “What result can this give? Contempt or hatred for humanity!” Lermontov himself somewhat succumbed to the general mood and, in the preface to the second edition of A Hero of Our Time (1841), stated that Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development.” But in the preface to Pechorin's journal, he was called precisely the hero of the time. Another thing is that what is the time, such is the hero. The response to the intended reaction from readers is "Yes, this is an evil irony!" - just a meaningful "I don't know." As in the "Duma", Lermontov does not separate himself from his generation with all the vices characteristic of him. Other accents were made by V. G. Belinsky, who addressed the public even more severely than the author in the general preface. He said about Pechorin: "You anathematize him not for vices - they are larger in you and they are blacker and more shameful in you - but for that bold freedom, for that bilious frankness with which he speaks of them." Bold freedom in times of lack of freedom and courage - is this not a sign of a true hero?
2. Literary theory
A psychological novel is an epic work in which attention is focused on the inner world of the hero, the movements of his soul, understanding the reasons for his actions.
-Prove that A Hero of Our Time is a psychological novel.
A.S. Pushkin M.Yu. Lermontov
"Eugene Onegin" "Hero of Our Time"
"encyclopedia of Russian life" "history of the human soul"

The evolution of the soul of the protagonist Immersion in the soul. Evolution
No
3. Features of the composition
Plot - a set of events in a work of art (events arranged in the order in which the author reports them).
“Bela” /4/
“Maxim Maksimych” /5/
"Foreword"
“Journal of Pechorin” /6/
“Taman” /1/
“Princess Mary” /2/
“Fatalist” /3/ Fabula - events in a literary work in their sequential connection (a set of events in their natural chronological order)
"Taman"
"Princess Mary"
"Fatalist"
"Bela"
"Maxim Maksimych"
"Preface" to "Pechorin's Journal".
How many narrators are there in the novel?
First, in the story "Bela" we learn about Pechorin from a simple Russian officer Maxim Maksimych, a kind, honest man who spent a long time with Pechorin and treats him kindly, but completely different from him in spirit and upbringing. He can only note the peculiarities of the behavior of the “strange person”, which remains a mystery to him (and, therefore, to the reader).
In the story “Maxim Maksimych”, the narrator changes: this is an officer, fellow traveler and listener of Maxim Maksimych in “Bel”, clearly closer to Pechorin in age, development, social status, and most importantly, similar in spirit and mindset. He makes an attempt to somehow explain the features of this unusual person.
And finally, we get acquainted with the hero’s diaries, his kind of confession, which allows you to see his soul, as it were, “from the inside”, through self-disclosure, thorough analysis and exposure of the underlying causes of the hero’s behavior, his character traits.
This structure allows the author to:
- to interest the reader as much as possible in the fate of Pechorin;
- trace the history of his inner life;
- to reveal the image of Pechorin in two ways: from the point of view of an outside observer and in terms of internal self-disclosure;
- as if leaving the hero alive, to show his own, author's position.
4. The meaning of the title of the novel
1). What does "hero" mean?Choose an option:
- a person of exceptional valor;
- the main character of the work;
- a person who is an expression of some environment, era
2) Why "our" time, and not "mine", not "your"?
IV. FIXING
"Passport" of the hero
The name of the literary hero ________________
Location______________________
The time in which the hero lived _______________
Education __________________________
Occupation __________________________
Portrait_____________________________
Character traits ______________________
Habits, hobbies
Interesting facts about the personality of a literary hero ____
My relationship with the hero
IV. D / Z Mark the features of the character of Pechorin in the story "Bela"
V. RESULTS OF THE LESSON
LESSON #2
Topic: "Strange Man" (Analysis of the story "Bela")
Purpose: analyzing the chapter "Bel", to reveal the features of Pechorin's character; develop the skill of working with the text of a work of art; help students understand the cultural value of the work.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

Poll-quiz on the content of the previous lesson
II. MOTIVATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES
- Who is he, the hero of Lermontov? We have to make a first impression of him by analyzing the chapter of "Bel".
“And perhaps tomorrow I will die!.. and not a single creature will remain on earth who would understand me completely. Some revere me worse, others better than I really do. Some will say: he was a good fellow, others - a bastard! .. Both will be false.
III. PERCEPTION OF LEARNING MATERIAL
1. Working with text
Analysis of the "Preface" to the novel.
1 paragraph - an appeal to the public, "which is so young and simple-hearted that they do not understand the fable if there is no moralizing at the end of it"
2 paragraph - response to indignant criticism
3 paragraph - Lermontov's goal: "to create a portrait created from the vices of the whole generation"
4th paragraph - an explanation of how he intends to create a portrait: "bitter medicines and caustic truths are needed, enough people were fed sweets"
2. Analysis of the chapter "Bela"
- The staff captain Maxim Maksimovich during the journey - the ascent to the Gud-mountain, the descent into the Devil's Valley, the forced halt in the Ossetian sakla, entertains the companion with a story about his strange colleague - Pechorin.
- What surprises and what is incomprehensible to Maxim Maksimovich in Pechorin?
Working with text (quoting, retelling):
his inconsistency: then on the hunt everyone will get tired, chill, but nothing to him. But in the room the wind smells, assures that he caught a cold. Either he is silent for hours, and then he starts talking - you will tear your tummies.
retells Pechorin's explanations why he quickly gets bored with everything, but explains that all misfortunes come from drunkenness or being spoiled: “what you thought, give, it’s clear that in childhood he was spoiled by his mother.”
- Interested in this strange man, we turn to his actions.
- How did the hero meet Bela?
he liked her immediately when she came up and sang a compliment. 16-year-old, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and look into your soul. He figured out how to steal it, and stole it.
- Why Pechorin stole Bela?
- What did Pechorin do to win over Bela to himself?
in order to win her over, he showered her with gifts, but quickly realized that he needed to turn to her feelings: “Farewell, .. I am guilty before you ... Maybe I won’t chase a bullet for a long time ... then remember me and forgive me.”
He calculated the time when Bela would become his, even argued with Maxim Maksimovich - in a week.
- Did Pechorin win?
For a while they were happy. But this did not last long. Pechorin got bored with Bela, he began to leave the fortress for a long time.
Bela left the fortress to the river, was captured by Kazbich and mortally wounded. So Kazbich took revenge on Pechorin for the horse. Pechorin struck Maxim Maksimovich with a strange laugh after Bela's death, then he was ill for a long time, and lost weight.
-Did these events and actions of the hero clarify anything in Pechorin's character?
He is a charming person, Maxim Maksimovich fell in love with him like his own son, Bela fell in love with him.
He is a calculating egoist, a talented scoundrel. Guilty for the death of Bela and her family. He acted selfishly and inhumanly with Bela: he traded her for someone else's horse.
He suffers and suffers. The death of Bela left a long mark on his soul.
When he needs, he applies his methods of charm, and no one can resist him, he has a strong strong-willed nature, he knows how to play on human strings.
3. Composition of the story
OBSTACLING DESTINY CHALLENGING LATE WAS SUCCESSFUL
Bela's song: Pechorin steals Bela Bela dies "good Russian officer,
Just don't grow him
Do not bloom in our garden"
General conclusion: So, judging by the actions told by Maxim Maksimovich, Pechorin is a mysterious, strange, contradictory person. V. G. Belinsky said about him: “In Bel, he is some kind of mysterious person, as if he is shown under an assumed name so that they would not recognize him.”
IV. FIXING
(Reception "Fishbone")
Pechorin's character traits

Pechorin was sent to the fortress "on official need", that is, by someone else's will Pechorin is a nobleman, aristocrat, a rich man
Pechorin killed Bela and her entire family, did it by proxy
Bela became a victim of Pechorin's egoism, since his life principle: "I want"
It is cruel that Pechorin snatched Bela from her circle, destroyed the harmony of her life.
The essence of Pechorin's character is a contradiction

Pechorin performs all actions of his own free will, for personal need.
Pechorin does not appreciate his position, the sword as a symbol of honor means nothing to him
Pechorin is deeply worried about what he has done, he is unhappy, since he is the cause of the tragedy
Making victims of other people, Pechorin does not spare himself
Pechorin gives Bela a choice, wishing for her a "free act"
IV. RESULTS OF THE LESSON
V. D/Z
LESSON #3
Topic: What should we talk about? (analysis of the story "Maxim Maksimych")
PURPOSE: To see the hero through the eyes of a narrator-psychologist, to find confirmation of Maxim Maksimych's observations and to get clarifications for some of the contradictions in Pechorin's character by looking at his portrait.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. UPDATING OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Test on the content of the story "Bela" and "Maxim Maksimych"
"Bela"
1. Whose portrait is this: “He was wearing an officer's frock coat without an epaulette and a Circassian shaggy hat. He seemed about fifty; his swarthy complexion showed that he had long been familiar with the Transcaucasian sun, and his mustache did not match his firm gait”?
A) Pechorin
B) field officer
C) Maksim Maksimych2. Pechorin's name is
A) Grigory Alexandrovich
B) Grigory Alekseevich
C) Grigory Antonovich
3. How old is Pechorin?
A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
4. Who and about which of the heroes said this: “He was nice, just a little bit of a boar one on one ...”?
A) Pechorin about Maxim Maksimych B) Maxim Maksimych about Pechorin
C) Kazbich about Azamat5. What is Bela's social position?
A) princess
B) peasant woman
B) countess
6. Where did Pechorin first see Bela?
A) on a walk
B) at the ball
B) at a wedding
7. What is the name of Bela's brother?
A) Kazbich
B) Terke
B) Azamat8. How did Pechorin look after Bela?
A) give gifts
B) walked with her in the fortress
C) helped her learn Russian
9. Who is Bela by nationality?
A) Tatar
B) Georgian
B) Circassian
10. How did Kazbich manage to kidnap Bela?
A) Azamat helped Kazbich to lure out his sister
B) Bela left the walls of the fortress to the river
C) Kazbich stole the girl from the fortress at night
11. How does the chapter "Bel" end?
A) Bela's death
B) the traffic officer says goodbye to Maxim Maksimovich
C) Pechorin left the fortress
"Maxim Maksimych"
1. Whose portrait is this?
A) Pechorin
B) Maxim Maksimych C) infantry officer
2. How did Pechorin explain where he was going?
A) to Persia
B) to Tiflis
B) to Russia
3. What did Maxim Maksimych think about after Pechorin left?
A) Pechorin visited Moscow
B) Pechorin will end badly ... and it cannot be otherwise.
C) Pechorin remembers Bela
4. Military rank of Maxim Maksimych?
A) staff - captain B) staff lieutenant
B) major
(Self test)
II. MOTIVATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES
- What is friendship for you? Who do you consider a friend? How would you react when you meet an old friend you haven't seen in a long time?
- And how did Pechorin react? Let's see why.
III. WORK ON THE LESSON TOPIC
1. Introductory talk
- Why is the story called “Maxim Maksimych”, and not “Pechorin”?
-What is your opinion about Maksim Maksimych?
Kind
Compliant
True friend
Executive
Spiritually weaker than Pechorin, he cannot resist the whim of Pechorin.
Naive
Incapable of feeling human (short-minded)
2. Work with the text of the chapter.
- In the chapter "Maxim Maksimych" we not only continue to get acquainted with the image of the main character, but the image of Maxim Maksimych gets its completion.
Portrait - an image of the hero's appearance, his face, figure, clothes, demeanor.
Psychological portrait - a portrait in which the author, through the appearance of the hero, seeks to reveal his inner world, his character.
- How did Maxim Mksimych take the news about the arrival of Pechorin? How did he expect Pechorin?
- The meeting with the hero is preceded by a description of the morning. We read it: “The morning was fresh and beautiful. Golden clouds piled up on the mountains, like a new row of air mountains ... ". Against the background of a fresh morning, he appears for so long and impatiently waiting (together with Maxim Maksimych). Perhaps there is some hidden meaning in this?
He is clearly indifferent to the beauty of the morning: he yawned twice and sat down on the bench on the other side of the gate.
- Let's read the portrait of Pechorin and note in it the features of his personality. (the ability to endure the difficulties of nomadic life, the habits of a decent person, the secrecy of character, nervous weakness, a childish smile, his eyes did not laugh when he laughed - a sign of either an evil disposition or deep constant sadness, the look could have seemed impudent if it were not so indifferently calm ).
- What in the portrait of Pechorin immediately catches your eye?
And the portrait emphasizes inconsistency. We will confirm this with observations: we will compile a table of contradictions.
Broad shoulders - female hands
Children's smile - penetrating heavy look
Youthful appearance - Wrinkles that cross one another
Blond hair - Mustache and black eyebrows
Gait is careless and lazy - Does not swing his arms
Strong physique - Straight frame bent as if there was not a single bone, etc.
- What in his attitude to Maxim Maksimych surprised and amazed you?
So indifferently, coldly to meet an old friend, to refuse to talk, to remember the old life. Bel. Stop! At the name of Bela, Pechorin turned pale and turned away. He didn't forget anything!
- Can we explain his behavior now?
He is going to Persia and will never return. Remember, he told Maxim Maksimych in the fortress: "As soon as possible, I will go ... to America, to Arabia, to India - maybe I will die somewhere along the way." Is it up to him to talk, to memories? Even the diaries are no longer needed - he breaks the connection with everything that was dear ...
-But why?
Pechorin longs for death, which will save him from suffering, from the weight of the burden of his sins.
- What is your opinion about Pechorin now? (Strange, sad, lonely, tired, secretive, devastated, indifferent to both the past and the future, surprisingly handsome, evoking sympathy and interest) - Why does Maxim Maksimych not understand Pechorin?
Maxim Maksimych is a kind person, appreciates friendship, but he and Pechorin are different people, so Maksim Maksimych does not understand Pechorin, unlike a passing officer. Maxim Maksimych does not understand that for Pechorin the meeting with the staff captain is a reminder of the tragedy that occurred through his fault.
- Did the officer-narrator understand Pechorin?
Yes, because they are people of the same circle. The narrator is similar to Lermontov himself, therefore he can understand Pechorin and does not condemn him.
IV. FIXING
- Choose an epigraph to the material studied in the lesson
V. LESSON SUMMARY
VI. D / C Write an essay on the topic: “How is the character of Pechorin revealed in the story“ Taman ”?”
LESSON #4
Topic: “Human joys and misfortunes” (“Taman”)
Purpose: to discover the beauty and poetry of the world in the story "Taman"; find an explanation for Pechorin's actions and feelings: a sense of the world as a mystery, a passionate interest in life and people, a thirst for activity and its aimlessness, a critical attitude towards oneself.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT
II. UPDATE OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Test on the story "Taman"
1. What is the name of such a fragment: “A full month shone on the reed roof and white walls of my new dwelling. The shore fell like a cliff to the sea, almost at the very walls of it below, dark blue waves splashed with an incessant murmur. The moon looked at the restless, but submissive element?
A) landscape
B) interior "Joys and disasters of man" ("Taman"
B) a story
2. Why did Pechorin end up in the smugglers' house?
a) He wanted to spend the night by the sea
B) there were no free apartments in the city
C) He decided to find out what kind of people live here
3. What was the name of the blind boy?
A) Janko
B) Ivanko
c) he didn't have a name
4. Why did the undine decide to drown Pechorin?
A) He molested her during the day
b) He found out about the smuggling
C) He saw her at night on the seashore with a boy and a smuggler
5. What is the fate of the undine?
A) she sails away with the smuggler
b) she died at sea
C) Pechorin exposed her
6. Finish the words of Pechorin: “What happened to the old woman and the poor blind man - I don’t know………..”
A) I am not interested in knowing about them
B) What do I care about human joys and misfortunes
C) What do I care about honest smugglers
(Mutual check)

IV. WORK ON THE LESSON TOPIC
1. Teacher's word
- This story opens the Pechorin's Journal. In the past, the storytellers were other people. Now we recognize Pechorin, as it were, from the inside, through him.
PECHORIN BY THE EYES OF PECHORIN
A diary is a literary work in the form of daily entries (most often dated) contemporary to the events described. Initially, it implies complete frankness, sincerity of thoughts, feelings of the writer.
“Take Lermontov's story Taman, you won't find a word in it that could be thrown out or inserted; all of it from beginning to end sounds like one harmonic chord; what a wonderful language…!”
D.V. Grigorovich
2. Conversation by content
- In what condition does Pechorin arrive in Taman? (began to demand, did not sleep for three nights, was exhausted and began to get angry)
- What will an ordinary person do in moments of extreme physical fatigue?
- What does Pechorin do when he gets into a “bad” place? Why?
The desire to “intervene” in events is evidence of the hero’s activity. Everything that Pechorin does, he does not for the sake of some kind of benefit and not for the sake of striving to benefit people. He does not pursue any goal, but he cannot help but act.
- How do they treat the "unclean" place in the city?
- Why does it not repel Pechorin, does not scare, but attracts?
- Who in the story “challenges” Pechorin?
- What's the secret here? Why does Pechorin talk about what he saw at night to the blind man and the “undine”, but does not say anything to his orderly?
Pechorin - ROMANTIC?
- Pay attention to Pechorin's vocabulary
Landscape sketches (an abundance of epithets and metaphors) - Pechorin loves nature, is able to see the beautiful
"drive me crazy"
"Fire Kiss"
"The Power of Youthful Passion"
3. Character traits of Pechorin
- What is the difference between Pechorin in the story "Taman" and Pechorin in "Bela"? (he is not indifferent, he is desperate and brave, he is curious)
- What is the critical attitude of Pechorin towards himself? (Telling about himself, he does not hide anything).
- Does Pechorin cause condemnation in this story?
(Rather, he evokes regret that the powers of his wealthy nature are not being put to real use.)
- What does Pechorin's last phrase mean?
(She became his motto, in these words the whole Pechorin. He does not care about the problems and joys of other people, he satisfied his curiosity, and he does not need anything else ...) 4. Implementation of homework
Students read their essays and evaluate each other.
IV. RESULTS OF THE LESSON
V. D/Z Comparative characteristics of Pechorin and Grushnitsky.
LESSON #5
Topic: Why do they all hate me so much? (story "Princess Mary")
Purpose: to understand the complex relationship of Pechorin with other characters, to help students understand the motives of his actions; develop the skills of analyzing the image of a literary hero; cultivate the ability to treat others with understanding.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. ORG.MOMENT
II. UPDATE OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Survey on the content of the chapter "Princess Mary"
III. MOTIVATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES
V. G. Belinsky wrote: “Whoever has not read the longest story of this novel - “Princess Mary”, he cannot judge either the idea or the dignity of the whole creation. The main idea of ​​the novel is developed in the main character - Pechorin, with whom you fully get to know only through "Princess Mary"; after reading this story, “Bela” itself appears before you in a new light.
IV. PERCEPTION OF NEW MATERIAL
1. Pechorin's journal
Why does Pechorin keep a diary?
(Firstly, this is the only interlocutor with whom he can be absolutely sincere. “I am used to admitting this to myself,” writes Pechorin.
Secondly, the urgent need for reflection - a detailed introspection, analysis of one's actions and movements of the soul. The state of reflection is dangerous, because it is subject not to feeling, but to reason. A thorough analysis of one's own actions kills the feeling. “For a long time I have been living not with my heart, but with my head,” says Pechorin). Werner
2. System of images
water society

PechorinnVera

Grushnitsky

3. "Water Society"
- Why is Pechorin's duel with the water society inevitable?
- How does Pechorin feel about his representatives? (read excerpt)
Why do they all hate me? I thought. - For what? Did I offend anyone? No. Am I really one of those people whose mere sight already breeds ill-will?
Why do they hate Pechorin? (Because they feel his superiority over themselves).
4. Grushnitsky
- Read the description of Grushnitsky given by Pechorin.
- Why does Pechorin not love Grushnitsky?
(Grushnitsky Junker. A Junker is a student of a military school. For military merit, Junkers were promoted to officers. Junkers could also be demoted for a duel or as a participant in the December uprising. Grushnitsky wore a Junker uniform for a special kind of foppery, as Pechorin says. Grushnitsky wants to seem not the same He is ashamed to admit that he is a cadet in his youth.) - Why does Grushnitsky not love Pechorin? (For the fact that Pechorin understood him)
Grushnitsky is a direct antipode of Pechorin, even a parody of him. If Pechorin attracts attention to himself without caring at all about it, then Grushnitsky tries his best to "produce an effect." If Pechorin is truly disappointed in life, then Grushnitsky plays in disappointment. "His goal is to become the hero of the novel." And Grushnitsky tries to behave like the hero of a novel: he throws himself with pompous phrases, "drapes himself in extraordinary feelings, lofty passions and exceptional suffering." But he fails to be a romantic hero, because all his feelings and experiences are false.
- Is it possible to draw a parallel between Grushnitsky and Lensky?
Grushnitsky stands near Pechorin, as Lensky stands near Onegin. He was also a friend of the protagonist and was killed by him. But there is a significant difference between Lensky and Grushnitsky: Lensky is a real romantic, and Grushnitsky wants to seem ...
Implementation d / z Comparative characteristics of Pechorin and Grushnitsky.
5. Pechorin and Mary
Why does Pechorin start courting Mary?
(“An innate passion to contradict.” Grushnitsky is sure that Princess Mary hates Pechorin and that the doors to the Ligovskys’ house are closed to him. Pechorin immediately decides to prove the opposite.) - What was Pechorin’s opinion about Princess Mary?
(Pechorin sees in Mary a spoiled Moscow young lady, believes that she is “one of those women who want to be amused.” Therefore, it gives him pleasure to offend her pride. But as a soul emerges in Mary, capable of sincerely loving and suffering, Pechorin's attitude towards the princess becomes different) - What brings Mary closer to Grushnitsky? (Grushnitsky wants to be a romantic hero, and Mary wants to love a romantic hero)
- He managed to divert her attention from Grushnitsky, to enter the Ligovskys' house. The dispute was won. Why did Pechorin continue to seek Mary's love, because he was not going to marry her?
(“My first pleasure is to subordinate everything that surrounds me to my will” is the only explanation for his act. “To be the cause of suffering and joy for someone, without having any positive right to do so, is this not the sweetest food of our pride? And what is happiness? Saturated pride." Thus, the only goal pursued by Pechorin is to satiate his pride.) - Seeking Mary's love, Pechorin himself several times suspected that he was in love with Mary. Why didn't he marry her?
(Marriage was not part of his plans. Not indifference, but fear of the ordinary made him reject Mary's feelings. But Pechorin's unseemly act has a different side: he saved Mary from an affair with a scoundrel). Pechorin and Werner
- Read Werner's characteristic
Dr. Werner is an intelligent and insightful person, a mocking and subtle interlocutor. Skeptic and materialist, but at the same time a poet. Has an evil tongue, mocks the sick who come to be treated at the waters. He studied all the strings of the human heart, but never used his knowledge.
- How Pechorin is revealed in relations with Werner.
(In relations with Werner, Pechorin’s egocentrism is revealed, which does not recognize friendship, because it requires self-forgetfulness: “I am not capable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other.” Unlike the “hero of time,” Werner is not able to accept an active manifestation He recoiled from the demonic hero after the murder of Grushnitsky, which only elicited from Pechorin a skeptical remark about the weakness of human nature.)
7. Pechorin and Vera
-What is the meaning of the image of Faith? (Shows that Pechorin is capable of strong feelings. Relations with Vera show that, contrary to his beliefs, Pechorin “is able to go crazy under the influence of passion.” Recalling Vera, Pechorin writes in his journal: “There is no person in the world over whom the past would acquire such power as over me. Any reminder of past sadness or joy painfully hits my soul and extracts all the same sounds from it ... I am stupidly created: I don’t forget anything, nothing! ”- And here we recall the scene of the meeting between Pechorin and Maksim Maksimych. Did Pechorin forget Bela? No!
- Why is Vera different from Mary? (Vera loves Pechorin deeply and sincerely, she is the only woman who understands Pechorin, the only one whom he is not able to deceive. Vera sees not only Pechorin’s virtues, but also his shortcomings: “Evil is not so attractive in anyone.” And Vera accepts Pechorin with all his bad passions and vices, and that is why Pechorin loves her.) Why does Pechorin hurry after Vera after the duel with Grushnitsky? What does he want to get?
(Faith is not in vain called Vera. Her name is the personification of faith in people, in life, in love. It is for her, for faith in love, Pechorin is chasing. Tears are a manifestation of the soul, alive, capable of feeling.) 8. Duel
- What caused the duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky?
- What secret did Pechorin learn about the duel?
- What does Pechorin do on the eve of the duel? (summarizes life lived) read
- What conclusions does Pechorin come to? (“True, I had a high destiny, because I feel immense strength in myself” ... “My love did not bring happiness to anyone, because I did not sacrifice anything for those whom I loved ...”) - What are the goals of the opponents?
Grushnitsky Pechorin
Make a duel a farce
Reclaim your human worth
Prove that he is not a boy, but a man Teach Grushnitsky a lesson
Protect Mary's Honor
Understand what is happening (fate is not fate?)
- Read the duel scene
- Why does Pechorin continue to test Grushnitsky?
- Why did Pechorin shoot? Did he have a choice? What about Grushnitsky?
- Can Pechorin's conscience be clear?
- Do you feel sorry for Grushnitsky?
V. Consolidation
- How is the character of Pechorin revealed in this story?
Pechorin:
Hates hypocrisy
"an innate desire to contradict"
Sincere with myself
Incapable of friendship
Capable of strong feelings and madness
Capable of noble impulses, contrary to his claims
Afraid to be funny
Lives not with the heart, but with the mind
VI. Y/N Answer the questions:
What brings Pechorin closer to Hamlet?
Compare two duels: Onegin - Lensky and Pechorin - Grushnitsky.
LESSON #6
Theme: "I decided to try my luck" ("The Fatalist")
Purpose: to bring students to a holistic understanding of the image of Pechorin; to reveal the concept of "philosophical novel"; develop the skills of analyzing a work of art; cultivate a love of literature.
DURING THE CLASSES
To be or not to be
That is the question
Is it worth it to laugh under
blows of fate
Ile is worth resisting.
(W. Shakespeare.)
I. ORG, MOMENT
II. UPDATE OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE
Survey on the studied material.
III. MOTIVATION OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Working with an epigraph
- Do you believe in fate?
- What is fate? (Predestination)
To believe in fate means to believe in God, trust Him with your life, humbly accept everything that the Lord sends you and not tempt fate. These are the foundations of Orthodoxy.
- And how does Pechorin feel about the fate? Today we have to find out.
IV. PERCEPTION OF LEARNING MATERIAL
1. Vocabulary work
Fatum - fate
Fatal - predetermined by fate, fate
Fatalism is a mystical belief in the inevitability of fate, in the fact that everything in this world is supposedly predetermined by fate, fate.
Fatalist - a person imbued with fatalism, believing in predestination from above
To whom does the title of the story refer? Is Pechorin a fatalist? Is Vulich a fatalist? Maxim Maksimych - a fatalist? Or is Lermontov a fatalist?
2. Genre of the story
- How does the last part of the novel - "The Fatalist" - differ from the previous ones?
In this story, Pechorin has neither friends nor enemies. All characters are divided into those who believe in fate and those who do not.
How can you define the genre of this story?
This story can be called philosophical, since the author tries to answer the question: what controls a person's life - fate or himself?
3. Analysis of the content of the story.
- Where does the story take place?
"on the left flank" of the Caucasian line.
How is the plot of the story constructed?
The plot includes two episodes, between which there is a lyrical digression in the form of Pechorin's reflections on fate.
Analysis of the first episode of "Pari Vulich and Pechorin"
- Reading the novel, we repeatedly find confirmation that Pechorin sees the hand of fate in different situations, but "an innate passion to contradict" makes him enter into an argument, declaring "that there is no predestination."
- How does Pechorin manifest himself in this story?
He was the only one who decided to participate in this bet, which speaks of his thirst for activity.
Pechorin plays with the life of a person, instead of refusing to bet.
He calmly tells Vulich that he must die.
- Vulich survived, Pechorin returns home, continuing the dispute about fate with himself. What conclusions does he come to?
It's funny that the ancestors believed in fate
People of his generation live “WITHOUT convictions and pride, WITHOUT pleasure and fear”, “are no longer capable of great sacrifices either for the good of mankind, or even for our own happiness ... having ... no hope, not even that ... pleasure that the soul meets in any struggle with people or even with fate.
Each phrase of Pechorin's last confession reveals another facet of his spiritual tragedy. "In my early youth I was a dreamer, I loved to caress
alternately gloomy, then iridescent images that the restless
and greedy imagination. But what is left of this for me? one tiredness
after a night of battle with a ghost, and a vague memory filled with
regrets. In this futile struggle, I exhausted both the heat of the soul and the constancy of the will necessary for real life; I entered this life, having already experienced it mentally, and I became bored and disgusted, like someone who reads a bad imitation of a book he has known for a long time.
CRISIS OF FAITH PECHORIN
NO to altruism

There is doubt and no tradition

NO morality
Everyone has the right to act according to their will

EGOCENTRISM
(in the center of the universe "I" of man)
Analysis of the second episode
- Vulich died the same evening at the hands of a drunken Cossack. What words did he say before he died?
"He is right!"
- Who was Vulich talking about?
Pechorin correctly predicted his imminent death. Now he, it would seem, must believe in predestination. But Pechorin is not like that. He decides to try his luck.
- The theme of fate, which was raised in the first episode in the circle of officers, is now decided in the circle of people of uneducated, simple Cossacks. What law of life do the Cossacks follow?
Reading an excerpt:
“I have sinned, brother Efimych,” said the captain, “so there’s nothing to do,
submit!
- I will not submit! - answered the Cossack.
- Fear God. After all, you are not a cursed Chechen, but an honest Christian; Well,
if your sin has beguiled you, there is nothing to do: you will not escape your fate!
- I will not submit! shouted the Cossack menacingly, and one could hear the click
cocked cock.
YOU WILL NOT PASS YOUR FATE │ I WILL NOT SUMIT
- There are two possible ways. Which path does Pechorin choose? (Do not submit)
- We accused Pechorin of playing with Vulich's life, but Pechorin also plays with his life. But Pechorin risks his life not senselessly, like Vulich, and not recklessly. He carefully thought out a plan of action and, perhaps for the first time, did an act not for his own sake, but for the benefit of other people. What does Pechorin's behavior say? (Pechorin is a fatalist, but arguing with fate, not ready to submit)
-At the end of the story, Maxim Maksimych suddenly appears. How does Maxim Maksimych explain the incident?
First, he finds the most mundane explanation of what happened: "these
Asian triggers often fail if they are badly lubricated or if you do not press hard enough with your finger. ”
He also finds an explanation for the second incident: “The devil pulled him to talk to a drunk at night! .. However, it’s clear that it was written in his family ...” It turns out that Maxim Maksimych is a fatalist, but unlike Pechorin, he passively accepts both the joys and blows of fate and is not able to fight it.
- So who is the fatalist in the story? (each in his own way. The author's position is on the side of Pechorin, which consists in the life position “I will not submit!”) V. FIXING
- What was the purpose of writing the novel indicated by Lermontov in the "Foreword"?
to create a "portrait composed of the vices of an entire generation"
- What vices did Lermontov portray? (egocentrism, indifference to other people's destinies, the desire to play with a person's life, the denial of moral values, doubts, lack of faith, wasting energy on empty pursuits)
- Why is the HERO OF TIME doomed to loneliness and death? (lack of faith makes him push people away from him. The hero does not believe in love, does not believe in happiness, does not believe in friendship, sees only the bad in people, which is a reflection of his own soul, does not find the purpose of his existence) - What distinguishes Pechorin from people of his generation and makes him a HERO OF TIME? (Pechorin, for all his shortcomings, embodying the "disease of the century", remains precisely a hero for the author. He was a realistic reflection of that socio-psychological type of a person of the 30s of the XIX century, who retained and carried in himself dissatisfaction with the existing life, comprehensive skepticism and negation, so highly valued by Lermontov. After all, only on this basis it was possible to start revising the old worldview and philosophical systems that no longer met the needs of the new time, and thereby open the way to the future. It is from this point of view that Pechorin can be called "the hero of the time ”, which becomes a natural link in the development of Russian society) VI. RESULTS OF THE LESSON
List of used literature:
1. V. G. Marantsman. Literature. Textbook for the 9th grade of high school. M.1994.
2. M.A. Aristov. Analysis of works of Russian literature. Grade 9 M. 2013
3. N. Dolinina. Pechorin and our time.
4. http://perova.jimdo.com