The eternal problems of mankind in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco" by I. Bunin

I. A. Bunin with extraordinary skill describes in his works the world of nature, full of harmony. His favorite heroes are endowed with the gift to subtly perceive the world around them, the beauty of their native land, which allows them to feel life in its entirety. After all, the ability of a person to see the beauty around him brings peace and a sense of unity with nature to his soul, helps to better understand himself and other people.

We see that not many heroes of Bunin's works are given the opportunity to feel the harmony of the world around them. Most often these are ordinary people, already wiser by life experience. After all, only with age the world opens up to a person in all its fullness and diversity. And even then, not everyone can comprehend it. The old farmhand Averky from the story "Thin Grass" is one of those heroes of Bunin who achieved spiritual harmony.

This no longer a young man, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, does not experience horror from the consciousness of approaching death. He waits for her resignedly and humbly, because he perceives her as eternal rest, deliverance from vanity. Memory constantly brings Averky back to the "distant twilight on the river" when he met "that young, sweetheart, who now looked at him with indifferent, pitiful eyes with senile eyes." This man carried his love throughout his life. Thinking about this, Averky recalls both “soft twilight in the meadow” and a shallow backwater, turning pink from the dawn, against which a girl’s camp is visible.

We see how nature is involved in the life of this hero Bunin. Twilight on the river is now replaced, when Averky is close to death, with autumn wilting: “Dying, the grasses dried up and rotted. Empty and bare became noisy. A mill in a homeless field became visible through the vines. The rain sometimes gave way to snow, the wind hummed in the holes of the barn, evil and cold. The onset of winter caused in the hero of "Thin Grass" a surge of life, a feeling of the joy of being. “Ah, in winter there was a long-familiar, always pleasing winter feeling! First snow, first blizzard! The fields turned white, drowned in it - hide yourself in a hut for six months! In white snowy fields, in a snowstorm - wilderness, game, and in the hut - comfort, peace. They will sweep the bumpy earthen floors clean, scrub, wash the table, heat the stove warmly with fresh straw - good! In just a few sentences, Bunin created a magnificent living picture of winter.

Like his favorite heroes, the writer believes that the world of nature contains something eternal and beautiful that is not subject to man with his earthly passions. The laws of the life of human society, on the contrary, lead to cataclysms and upheavals. This world is unstable, it is devoid of harmony. This can be seen in the example of the life of the peasantry on the eve of the first Russian revolution in Bunin's story "The Village". In this work, along with moral and aesthetic problems, the author touches upon social problems caused by the reality of the beginning of the 20th century.

The events of the first Russian revolution, which were reflected in the countryside in peasant gatherings, burning landowners' estates, and the revelry of the poor, bring discord into the usual rhythm of village life. There are many characters in the story. Her characters are trying to figure out the environment, to find for themselves any point of support. So, Tikhon Krasov found it in money, deciding that they give confidence in the future. He devotes his whole life to the accumulation of wealth, even marries for profit. But Tikhon never finds happiness, especially since he has no heirs to whom he could transfer his wealth. His brother Kuzma, a self-taught poet, is also trying to find the truth, deeply experiencing the troubles of his village. Kuzma Krasov cannot calmly look at the poverty, backwardness and oppression of the peasants, their inability to rationally organize their lives. And the events of the revolution exacerbate the social problems of the village even more, destroy normal human relations, and pose insoluble problems for the heroes of the story.

The Krasov brothers are outstanding personalities who are looking for their place in life and ways to improve it not only for themselves, but for the entire Russian peasantry. They both come to criticize the negative aspects of peasant life. Tikhon is amazed that in the fertile black earth region there can be famine, ruin and poverty. "The owner would be here, the owner!" he thinks. Kuzma, on the other hand, considers the deepest ignorance and downtroddenness of the peasants to be the reason for this state of affairs, for which he blames not only the peasants themselves, but also the government “blankers” who “trampled, beaten the people.”

The problem of human relationships and the connection of a person with the world around him is also revealed in the story "Dry Valley". In the center of the narrative in this work is the life of the impoverished noble family of the Khrushchevs and their courtyards. The fate of the Khrushchevs is tragic. The young lady Tonya goes mad, Pyotr Petrovich dies under the horse's hooves, the weak-minded grandfather Pyotr Kirillovich dies at the hands of a serf. Bunin shows in this story how strange and abnormal human relationships can be. This is what the former serf nanny of the Khrushchevs, Natalya, says about the relationship between masters and servants: “Gervaska bullied the barchuk and grandfather, and the young lady over me. Barchuk - and, to tell the truth, the grandfather themselves - doted on Gervaska, and I was in her. And what does such a bright feeling as love lead to in Sukhodol? To dementia, shame and emptiness. The absurdity of human relationships is contrasted with the beauty of Sukhodol, its wide steppe expanses with their smells, colors and sounds. The world around is beautiful in the stories of Natalia, in the conspiracies and spells of holy fools, sorcerers, wanderers wandering around their native land.

“There is no nature separate from us, every slightest movement of air is the movement of our own soul,” wrote Bunin. In his works, imbued with a deep love for Russia and its people, the writer was able to prove this. For the writer himself, the nature of Russia was that beneficial force that gives a person everything: joy, wisdom, beauty, a sense of the integrity of the world:

No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,

Not the colors I seek to notice,

And what shines in these colors -

Love and joy of being.

Composition based on a work on the topic: Man and the world around him in the works of Bunin

In the forest, in the mountain, a spring, alive and sonorous,

An old dove above the spring

With a blackened lubok icon,

And in the spring there is a birch bark.

I do not like, oh Rus', your timid,

A thousand years of slave poverty

But this cross, but this ladle is white-

Humble, native traits!

I. A. Bunin

I. A. Bunin with extraordinary skill describes in his works the world of nature, full of harmonies. His favorite heroes are endowed with the gift to subtly perceive the world around them, the beauty of their native land, which allows them to feel life in its entirety. After all, the ability of a person to see the beauty around him brings peace and a sense of unity with nature to his soul, helps to better understand himself and other people.

We see that not many heroes of Bunin's works are given the opportunity to feel the harmony of the world around them. Most often these are ordinary people, already wiser by life experience. After all, only with age the world opens up to a person in all its fullness and diversity. And even then, not everyone can comprehend it. The old farmhand Averky from the story “Thin Grass” is one of those heroes of Bunin who achieved spiritual harmony.

This no longer a young man, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, does not experience horror from the consciousness of approaching death. He waits for her resignedly and humbly, because he perceives her as eternal rest, deliverance from vanity. Memory constantly brings Averky back to the “distant twilight on the river”, when he met “that young, sweetheart, who now looked at him with indifferent, pitiful eyes with senile eyes.” This man carried his love throughout his life. Thinking about this, Averky recalls both “soft dusk in the meadow”, and a shallow backwater, turning pink from the dawn, against which a girl’s camp is visible.

We see how nature is involved in the life of this hero Bunin. Twilight on the river is now replaced, when Averky is close to death, with autumn wilt: “Dying, the grasses dried up and rotted. Empty and bare became noisy. A mill in a homeless field became visible through the vines. The rain sometimes gave way to snow, the wind hummed in the holes of the barn, evil and cold. The onset of winter caused in the hero of "Thin Grass" a surge of life, a feeling of the joy of being. “Ah, in winter there was a long-familiar, always pleasing winter feeling! First snow, first blizzard! The fields turned white, drowned in it - hide yourself in a hut for six months! In white snowy fields, in a snowstorm - wilderness, game, and in the hut - comfort, peace. Bumpy earthen floors will be swept clean, scrubbed, the table will be washed, the stove will be heated warmly with fresh straw - good!” In just a few sentences, Bunin created a magnificent living picture of winter.

Like his favorite heroes, the writer believes that the world of nature contains something eternal and beautiful that is not subject to man with his earthly passions. The laws of the life of human society, on the contrary, lead to cataclysms and upheavals. This world is unstable, it is devoid of harmony. This can be seen in the example of the life of the peasantry on the eve of the first Russian revolution in Bunin's story "The Village". In this work, along with moral and aesthetic problems, the author touches upon social problems caused by the reality of the beginning of the 20th century.

The events of the first Russian revolution, which were reflected in the countryside in peasant gatherings, burning landowners' estates, and the revelry of the poor, bring discord into the usual rhythm of village life. There are many characters in the story. Her characters are trying to figure out the environment, to find for themselves any point of support. So, Tikhon Krasov found it in money, deciding that they give confidence in the future. He devotes his whole life to the accumulation of wealth, even marries for profit. But Tikhon never finds happiness, especially since he has no heirs to whom he could transfer his wealth. His brother Kuzma, a self-taught poet, is also trying to find the truth, deeply experiencing the troubles of his village. Kuzma Krasov cannot calmly look at the poverty, backwardness and oppression of the peasants, their inability to rationally organize their lives. And the events of the revolution exacerbate the social problems of the village even more, destroy normal human relations, and pose insoluble problems for the heroes of the story.

The Krasov brothers are outstanding personalities who are looking for their place in life and ways to improve it not only for themselves, but for the entire Russian peasantry. They both come to criticize the negative aspects of peasant life. Tikhon is amazed that in the fertile black earth region there can be famine, ruin and poverty. “The owner would be here, the owner!” he thinks. Kuzma, on the other hand, considers the reason for this state of affairs of the peasants to be their deepest ignorance, downtroddenness, for which he blames not only the peasants themselves, but also the government “blankers” who “trampled, beaten the people.”

The problem of human relationships and the connection of a person with the world around him is also revealed in the story “Dry Valley”. In the center of the narrative in this work is the life of the impoverished noble family of the Khrushchevs and their courtyards. The fate of the Khrushchevs is tragic. The young lady Tonya goes mad, Pyotr Petrovich dies under the horse's hooves, the weak-minded grandfather Pyotr Kirillovich dies at the hands of a serf. Bunin shows in this story how strange and abnormal human relationships can be. This is what the former serf nanny of the Khrushchevs, Natalya, says about the relationship between masters and servants: “Gervaska bullied the barchuk and grandfather, and the young lady over me. Barchuk - and, to tell the truth, and the grandfather themselves - doted on Gervaska, and I was in her. And what does such a bright feeling as love lead to in Sukhodol? To dementia, shame and emptiness. The absurdity of human relationships is contrasted with the beauty of Sukhodol, its wide steppe expanses with their smells, colors and sounds. The world around is beautiful in the stories of Natalia, in the conspiracies and spells of holy fools, sorcerers, wanderers wandering around their native land.

“There is no nature separate from us, every slightest movement of air is the movement of our own soul,” wrote Bunin. In his works, imbued with a deep love for Russia and its people, the writer managed to prove this. For the writer himself, the nature of Russia was that beneficial force that gives a person everything: joy, wisdom, beauty, a sense of the integrity of the world:

No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,

Not the colors I seek to notice,

And what shines in these colors -

Love and joy of being.

Composition

The stories of I. A. Bunin "The Brothers" and "The Gentleman from San Francisco" have an acute social orientation. But the meaning of these stories is not limited to criticism of capitalism and colonialism. The social problems of capitalist society are only a background that allows Bunin to show the aggravation of the "eternal" problems of mankind in the development of civilization.

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, capitalism in Europe and America reached its highest stage of development - imperialism. Society is moving along the path of technological progress. The largest monopolies are occupying key positions in all branches of the economy of the capitalist countries. One of the most important signs of imperialism is the development of the colonial system, which finally took shape by the 20th century with the completion of the territorial division of the world between the major capitalist powers, when the countries of almost all of Africa, most of Asia and Latin America were turned into colonies. Such is the concrete historical background in the stories of I. A. Bunin.

In the 1900s, Bunin traveled around Europe and the East, observing the life and order of capitalist society in Europe and the colonial countries of Asia. Bunin is aware of all the immorality, anti-humanity of the order that prevails in an imperialist society, where everything works only to enrich the monopolies. Wealthy capitalists are not ashamed of any means to increase their capital. They are not embarrassed by the fact that they receive huge profits by exploiting, ruining and impoverishing the majority of the population of their country, robbing the peoples of other countries.

In the story "The Brothers" Bunin reveals the essence of colonialism, the shameless, cruel, predatory policy of bourgeois society. Bunin tells the story of two "earthly" brothers - a young Ceylon rickshaw and a wealthy colonizer, whom the rickshaw carries in his carriage. Greedy for money, wealth, Europeans, having invaded the life of the "forest people", turned them into slaves, gave everyone their own number. But they also invaded the privacy of the “forest people”. They deprived the young rickshaw of hope for happiness, joy, love, taking away his bride. And life has lost all meaning for the rickshaw. He sees the only liberation from the cruelty of the world in death, which he takes from the bite of a small but most poisonous snake.

In The Brothers, an Englishman realizes the immorality of his life, talking about the crimes he committed: “In Africa I killed people, in India, robbed by England, and therefore by me, I saw thousands dying of hunger, in Japan I bought girls for monthly wives ... in Java and Ceylon, he drove a rickshaw to his death rattle ... ”But the Englishman is not tormented by remorse.

Bunin is sure that such an unjust society cannot last long, that the capitalist world is gradually moving towards the abyss. Having plundered the East, Africa, this world, torn apart by internal contradictions, will begin to self-destruct, as in the very Buddhist legend told by the Englishman.

Bunin reveals the problems of social evil in his other story - "The Gentleman from San Francisco". The Gentleman from San Francisco is built on symbols and contrasts. "Atlantis" is a model of a capitalist society. Bunin generalizes the image of the gentleman from San Francisco to such an extent that he does not even give him any specific name. The description of life on the ship is given in a contrasting image of the upper deck and hold of the ship: “Giant fireboxes rumbled deafly, devouring piles of red-hot coal, with a roar thrown into them by people covered in caustic, dirty sweat and waist-deep naked people, purple from the flame; and here, in the bar, they carelessly threw their legs on the handles, smoked, sipped cognac and liqueurs ... ”With this abrupt transition, Bunin emphasizes that the luxury of the upper decks, that is, the highest capitalist society, is achieved only through the exploitation, enslavement of people who are constantly working in hellish conditions in the hold of a ship. On the example of the fate of the gentleman from San Francisco, Bunin speaks of the aimlessness, emptiness, worthlessness of the life of a typical representative of capitalist society. The closeness of this theme to the content of Tolstoy's "Death of Ivan Ilyich" is obvious. The thought of death, repentance, sins, God never came to the gentleman from San Francisco. All his life he strove to catch up with those "whom he once took as a model." By old age, there was nothing human left in him. He became like an expensive thing made of gold and ivory, one of those that always surrounded him: “his large teeth shone with gold fillings, his strong bald head was old ivory.”

Bunin refuses his hero even enlightenment before death, unlike Tolstoy. His death, as it were, portends the death of the entire unjust world of "gentlemen from San Francisco." Not without reason, on the way back of the Atlantis, the Devil sits on the rocks of Gibraltar, foreshadowing the end of the world. The ocean, the primordial element (“the bottomless depth, that unsteady abyss that the Bible speaks so terribly about”), also speaks of the imminent death of the whole world, which does not accept the gentleman from San Francisco and his spiritless world, in which they forgot about God, about nature, about the power of the elements. So, against the background of social problems, Bunin talks about the eternal problems of mankind: about the meaning of life, about the spirituality of life, about the relationship of man to God. An imperfect capitalist society for Bunin is just one of the manifestations of "universal" evil. Using the example of a gentleman from San Francisco and his unspiritual life, Bunin shows that the world of his day is depraved, that he is mired in sins. The epigraph to "The Lord from San Francisco": "Woe to you, Babylon, strong city!", Taken from the Apocalypse and removed by Bunin only in the latest edition in 1951, recalls the Belshazzar's feast on the eve of the death of the Chaldean kingdom. The Gentleman from San Francisco describes in detail the luxurious life on the Atlantis, the main place in which is occupied by food: “... put on pajamas, drank coffee, chocolate, cocoa; then ... did gymnastics, stimulating appetite ... made morning toilet and went to the first breakfast; up to eleven o'clock it was supposed to walk briskly on the deck ... to excite a new appetite ... "

Bunin seems to be fulfilling the plan of Tolstoy, who was about to write a book, the main meaning of which Tolstoy defined as follows: “Food. Belshazzar's feast ... People think they are busy with different things, they are only busy eating.
People eat, drink, have fun, and behind all this they forget about God, about death, about thoughts of repentance. The passengers of the Atlantis do not even think about the terrible ocean that went beyond the walls of the ship, because they blindly believe "in the power over them of the commander, a red-haired man of monstrous size and heaviness ... similar ... to a huge idol." People forget about God and worship a pagan idol, they believe that he will defeat the primordial element and save them from death; they have fun with “shamelessly sad music”, deceive themselves with false love and behind all this they do not see the true meaning of life.

The philosophy of the people of the new time, the time of progress, civilization, Bunin reveals through the mouth of an Englishman in "Brothers": "God, religion in Europe has long been gone, we, for all our efficiency and greed, are cold as ice, both to life and to death: if and we are afraid of it, then by reason or only by the remnants of animal instinct. It is noteworthy that in The Brothers this is realized by the Englishman himself, a wealthy colonialist, exploiter and enslaver.

Bunin contrasts these people with the civilization of "forest people", people who grew up in the bosom of nature. Bunin believes that only they can feel being and death, only faith has been preserved in them. But in The Brothers, both the young rickshaw and the colonizer are similar in the emptiness of life.

The Europeans invaded the lives of people who lived "infantile-immediate life, with their whole being feeling both being and death, and the divine greatness of the universe", the Europeans littered their clean world, brought with them not only enslavement, but they infected the "forest people" passion for money. Overwhelmed by a passion for gain, they also begin to forget about the true meaning of life.

In The Brothers, the motive of intoxication is especially important, both literally and figuratively. “The rickshaw bought cheap cigarettes ... and smoked five in a row. Sweetly intoxicated, he sat ... "," there he put twenty-five cents on the counter and for this he pulled out a whole glass of whiskey. Mixing this fire with betel, he provided himself with blissful excitement until the evening ... "," the Englishman was drunk too ... "," and went, went to wind it drunk from head to toe rickshaw, excited also with the hope of getting a whole bunch of cents "- all these are examples of drunkenness in the literal sense. But Bunin in the story also speaks of intoxication in a figurative sense: “People constantly go to feasts, to walks, to fun,” the Exalted One said ... “The sight, sounds, taste, smells intoxicate them.”

"Brothers" is permeated with Buddhist motifs. On the example of the image of a rickshaw, a simple person close to nature and natural life, Bunin shows all the obstacles that prevent a person from achieving enlightenment and approaching the Sublime. This is prevented not only by all sorts of human vices: a passion for money, gain, the desire to intoxicate your mind with cigars, whiskey, betel, but, in the spirit of Buddhism, earthly love prevents this. Love for a woman also intoxicates a person, moving him away from the Sublime. The story actively uses the mythological Indian deity Mara, personifying evil, human temptations, the main of which is love for a woman:

“Do not forget,” the Exalted One said, “do not forget, young man ... that all the suffering of this world, where everyone is either a murderer or a murdered person, all his disputes and complaints are from love.” Having painted a gloomy picture of a world mired in sins, striving by any means to achieve intoxication, having forgotten about the God of the world, Bunin still does not deprive a person of hope. The images of two highlanders and their world, bright, sunny, joyful, embody Bunin's ideal:

“They walked - and the whole country, joyful, beautiful, sunny, stretched out before them ... Halfway they slowed down: over the road, in the grotto ... all illuminated by the sun, all in its warmth and brilliance, stood ... the mother of God, meek and merciful ... They bared their heads, and poured naive and humbly joyful praises of their sun, morning, her ... "

Thus, depicting the terrible, cruel capitalist world in the stories "Brothers" and "The Gentleman from San Francisco", Bunin does not call for its social change, he sees the salvation of man and mankind in spiritual purification and improvement.

Other writings on this work

In the forest, in the mountain, a spring, alive and sonorous,

An old dove above the spring

With a blackened lubok icon,

And in the spring there is a birch bark.

I do not like, oh Rus', your timid,

A thousand years of slave poverty

But this cross, but this ladle is white-

Humble, native traits!

I. A. Bunin

I. A. Bunin with extraordinary skill describes in his works the world of nature, full of harmonies. His favorite heroes are endowed with the gift to subtly perceive the world around them, the beauty of their native land, which allows them to feel life in its entirety. After all, the ability of a person to see the beauty around him brings peace and a sense of unity with nature to his soul, helps to better understand himself and other people.

We see that not many heroes of Bunin's works are given the opportunity to feel the harmony of the world around them. Most often these are ordinary people, already wiser by life experience. After all, only with age the world opens up to a person in all its fullness and diversity. And even then, not everyone can comprehend it. The old farmhand Averky from the story “Thin Grass” is one of those heroes of Bunin who achieved spiritual harmony.

This no longer a young man, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, does not experience horror from the consciousness of approaching death. He waits for her resignedly and humbly, because he perceives her as eternal rest, deliverance from vanity. Memory constantly brings Averky back to the “distant twilight on the river”, when he met “that young, sweetheart, who now looked at him with indifferent, pitiful eyes with senile eyes.” This man carried his love throughout his life. Thinking about this, Averky recalls both “soft dusk in the meadow”, and a shallow backwater, turning pink from the dawn, against which a girl’s camp is visible.

We see how nature is involved in the life of this hero Bunin. Twilight on the river is now replaced, when Averky is close to death, with autumn wilt: “Dying, the grasses dried up and rotted. Empty and bare became noisy. A mill in a homeless field became visible through the vines. The rain sometimes gave way to snow, the wind hummed in the holes of the barn, evil and cold. The onset of winter caused in the hero of "Thin Grass" a surge of life, a feeling of the joy of being. “Ah, in winter there was a long-familiar, always pleasing winter feeling! First snow, first blizzard! The fields turned white, drowned in it - hide yourself in a hut for six months! In white snowy fields, in a snowstorm - wilderness, game, and in the hut - comfort, peace. Bumpy earthen floors will be swept clean, scrubbed, the table will be washed, the stove will be heated warmly with fresh straw - good!” In just a few sentences, Bunin created a magnificent living picture of winter.

Like his favorite heroes, the writer believes that the world of nature contains something eternal and beautiful that is not subject to man with his earthly passions. The laws of the life of human society, on the contrary, lead to cataclysms and upheavals. This world is unstable, it is devoid of harmony. This can be seen in the example of the life of the peasantry on the eve of the first Russian revolution in Bunin's story "The Village". In this work, along with moral and aesthetic problems, the author touches upon social problems caused by the reality of the beginning of the 20th century.

The events of the first Russian revolution, which were reflected in the countryside in peasant gatherings, burning landowners' estates, and the revelry of the poor, bring discord into the usual rhythm of village life. There are many characters in the story. Her characters are trying to figure out the environment, to find for themselves any point of support. So, Tikhon Krasov found it in money, deciding that they give confidence in the future. He devotes his whole life to the accumulation of wealth, even marries for profit. But Tikhon never finds happiness, especially since he has no heirs to whom he could transfer his wealth. His brother Kuzma, a self-taught poet, is also trying to find the truth, deeply experiencing the troubles of his village. Kuzma Krasov cannot calmly look at the poverty, backwardness and oppression of the peasants, their inability to rationally organize their lives. And the events of the revolution exacerbate the social problems of the village even more, destroy normal human relations, and pose insoluble problems for the heroes of the story.

The Krasov brothers are outstanding personalities who are looking for their place in life and ways to improve it not only for themselves, but for the entire Russian peasantry. They both come to criticize the negative aspects of peasant life. Tikhon is amazed that in the fertile black earth region there can be famine, ruin and poverty. “The owner would be here, the owner!” he thinks. Kuzma, on the other hand, considers the reason for this state of affairs of the peasants to be their deepest ignorance, downtroddenness, for which he blames not only the peasants themselves, but also the government “blankers” who “trampled, beaten the people.”

The problem of human relationships and the connection of a person with the world around him is also revealed in the story “Dry Valley”. In the center of the narrative in this work is the life of the impoverished noble family of the Khrushchevs and their courtyards. The fate of the Khrushchevs is tragic. The young lady Tonya goes mad, Pyotr Petrovich dies under the horse's hooves, the weak-minded grandfather Pyotr Kirillovich dies at the hands of a serf. Bunin shows in this story how strange and abnormal human relationships can be. This is what the former serf nanny of the Khrushchevs, Natalya, says about the relationship between masters and servants: “Gervaska bullied the barchuk and grandfather, and the young lady over me. Barchuk - and, to tell the truth, and the grandfather themselves - doted on Gervaska, and I was in her. And what does such a bright feeling as love lead to in Sukhodol? To dementia, shame and emptiness. The absurdity of human relationships is contrasted with the beauty of Sukhodol, its wide steppe expanses with their smells, colors and sounds. The world around is beautiful in the stories of Natalia, in the conspiracies and spells of holy fools, sorcerers, wanderers wandering around their native land.

“There is no nature separate from us, every slightest movement of air is the movement of our own soul,” wrote Bunin. In his works, imbued with a deep love for Russia and its people, the writer managed to prove this. For the writer himself, the nature of Russia was that beneficial force that gives a person everything: joy, wisdom, beauty, a sense of the integrity of the world:

No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,

Not the colors I seek to notice,

And what shines in these colors -

Love and joy of being.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/ were used.

Strength to fight the circumstances, spiritual culture. But even in "Dry Valley" the striking ability of a peasant woman to a great unrequited and selfless feeling is manifested. Love becomes one of the main themes of Bunin's work. She often plays a fatal role in the fate of heroes. For example, in the story "Chang's Dreams", the captain's reverent, adoring and admiring love for his wife becomes...

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Bunin's sense of life is inseparable from an equally heightened sense of death. Life and death are seen simultaneously from two points of view: transpersonal (epic) and purely personal (lyrical). In Bunin's prose, admiration for life, its universality and inescapability, and the tragic horror of death (before the same universality and inescapability), the challenge of death and obedience to it are often found. Epic...

In the forest, in the mountain, a spring, alive and sonorous,
An old dove above the spring
With a blackened lubok icon,
And in the spring there is a birch bark.
I do not like, oh Rus', your timid,
A thousand years of slave poverty
But this cross, but this ladle is white-
Humble, native traits!
I. A. Bunin
I. A. Bunin with extraordinary skill describes in his works the world of nature, full of harmonies. His favorite heroes are endowed with the gift to subtly perceive the world around them, the beauty of their native land, which allows them to feel life in its entirety. After all, the ability of a person to see the beauty around him brings peace and a sense of unity with nature to his soul, helps to better understand himself and other people.
We see that not many heroes of Bunin's works are given the opportunity to feel the harmony of the world around them. Most often these are ordinary people, already wiser by life experience. After all, only with age the world opens up to a person in all its fullness and diversity. And even then, not everyone can comprehend it. The old farmhand Averky from the story “Thin Grass” is one of those heroes of Bunin who reached the spiritual

Harmonies.
This no longer a young man, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, does not experience horror from the consciousness of approaching death. He waits for her resignedly and humbly, because he perceives her as eternal rest, deliverance from vanity. Memory constantly brings Averky back to the “distant twilight on the river”, when he met “that young, sweetheart, who now looked at him with indifferent, pitiful eyes with senile eyes.” This man carried his love throughout his life. Thinking about this, Averky recalls both “soft dusk in the meadow”, and a shallow backwater, turning pink from the dawn, against which a girl’s camp is visible.
We see how nature is involved in the life of this hero Bunin. Twilight on the river is now replaced, when Averky is close to death, with autumn wilt: “Dying, the grasses dried up and rotted. Empty and bare became noisy. A mill in a homeless field became visible through the vines. The rain sometimes gave way to snow, the wind hummed in the holes of the barn, evil and cold. The onset of winter caused in the hero of "Thin Grass" a surge of life, a feeling of the joy of being. “Ah, in winter there was a long-familiar, always pleasing winter feeling! First snow, first blizzard! The fields turned white, drowned in it - hide yourself in a hut for six months! In white snowy fields, in a snowstorm - wilderness, game, and in the hut - comfort, peace. Bumpy dirt floors will be swept clean, the table will be scrubbed, the stove will be warmly heated with fresh straw - good!” In just a few sentences, Bunin created a magnificent living picture of winter.
Like his favorite heroes, the writer believes that the world of nature contains something eternal and beautiful that is not subject to man with his earthly passions. The laws of the life of human society, on the contrary, lead to cataclysms and upheavals. This world is unstable, it is devoid of harmony. This can be seen in the example of the life of the peasantry on the eve of the first Russian revolution in Bunin's story "The Village". In this work, along with moral and aesthetic problems, the author touches upon social problems caused by the reality of the beginning of the 20th century.
The events of the first Russian revolution, which were reflected in the countryside in peasant gatherings, burning landowners' estates, and the revelry of the poor, bring discord into the usual rhythm of village life. There are many characters in the story. Her characters are trying to figure out the environment, to find for themselves any point of support. So, Tikhon Krasov found it in money, deciding that they give confidence in the future. He devotes his whole life to the accumulation of wealth, even marries for profit. But Tikhon never finds happiness, especially since he has no heirs to whom he could transfer his wealth. His brother Kuzma, a self-taught poet, is also trying to find the truth, deeply experiencing the troubles of his village. Kuzma Krasov cannot calmly look at the poverty, backwardness and oppression of the peasants, their inability to rationally organize their lives. And the events of the revolution exacerbate the social problems of the village even more, destroy normal human relations, and pose insoluble problems for the heroes of the story.
The Krasov brothers are outstanding personalities who are looking for their place in life and ways to improve it not only for themselves, but for the entire Russian peasantry. They both come to criticize the negative aspects of peasant life. Tikhon is amazed that in the fertile black earth region there can be famine, ruin and poverty. “The owner would be here, the owner!” he thinks. Kuzma, on the other hand, considers the reason for this state of affairs of the peasants to be their deepest ignorance, downtroddenness, for which he blames not only the peasants themselves, but also the government “blankers” who “trampled, beaten the people.”
The problem of human relationships and the connection of a person with the world around him is also revealed in the story “Dry Valley”. In the center of the narrative in this work is the life of the impoverished noble family of the Khrushchevs and their courtyards. The fate of the Khrushchevs is tragic. The young lady Tonya goes mad, Pyotr Petrovich dies under the horse's hooves, the weak-minded grandfather Pyotr Kirillovich dies at the hands of a serf. Bunin shows in this story how strange and abnormal human relationships can be. This is how the former serf nanny of the Khrushchevs, Natalya, says about the relationship between masters and servants: “Gervaska bullied the barchuk and grandfather, and the young lady over me. Barchuk - and, to tell the truth, the grandfather themselves - doted on Gervaska, and I was in her. And what does such a bright feeling as love lead to in Sukhodol? To dementia, shame and emptiness. The absurdity of human relationships is contrasted with the beauty of Sukhodol, its wide steppe expanses with their smells, colors and sounds. The world around is beautiful in the stories of Natalia, in the conspiracies and spells of holy fools, sorcerers, wanderers wandering around their native land.
“There is no nature separate from us, every slightest movement of air is the movement of our own soul,” wrote Bunin. In his works, imbued with a deep love for Russia and its people, the writer managed to prove this. For the writer himself, the nature of Russia was that beneficial force that gives a person everything: joy, wisdom, beauty, a sense of the integrity of the world:
No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,
Not the colors I seek to notice,
And what shines in these colors -
Love and joy of being.

1. Midnight ringing of the steppe desert Peace of heaven, warmth of the earth And bitter honey of dry wormwood, And starry pallor in the distance. IA Bunin Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is a singer of life and love. His works...
2. Bunin belongs to the last generation of writers from the noble estate, which is closely connected with the nature of the central strip of Russia. “So few people know how to know and love nature, as I. A. Bunin knows how”,...
3. The day will come - I will disappear And this room is empty Everything will be the same: a table, a bench Yes, the image is ancient and simple. And just like that, a colored butterfly in silk will fly, ...
4. There was, however, one problem that Bunin not only did not fear, but, on the contrary, went towards it with all his heart. He had been busy with her for a long time, he wrote in the full sense, as they would say now, ...
5. The story “Clean Monday” is included in the collection “Dark Alleys”, but in terms of depth of content it differs from other stories depicting numerous variations on the theme of love. “Clean Monday” is only outwardly a story about specific...
6. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is one of my favorite writers. I especially appreciate the ability of Bunin the realist to see the world around him only in terms that are inherent in reality and at the same time to notice such features ...
7. But if for true love Suffering is always necessary, Then, apparently, such is the law of fate. Let's learn to endure it with patience. W. Shakespeare L. N. Tolstoy said that how many hearts, so many ...
8. A completely new interpretation of the problem of evil for Russian cultural consciousness is presented in the story “Loopy Ears”. Bunin's work is polemically opposed to Dostoevsky's view of this problem. Unlike the vast majority of Bunin's characters, ...
9. Ivan Bunin wrote this cycle in exile when he was seventy years old. Despite the fact that Bunin spent a long time in exile, the writer did not lose the sharpness of the Russian language. I see...
10. In addition to the collection "Dark Alleys", another "summing up the results of Bunin's stormy work" was the novel "The Life of Arseniev", in which he tried to comprehend the events of his own life and the life of Russia in pre-revolutionary times. The novel presents...
11. I. A. Bunin’s story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” was written during the First World War, when entire states were involved in a senseless and merciless massacre. The fate of an individual person began to seem like a grain of sand in ...
12. I. A. Bunin is called the last Russian classic, the representative of the outgoing noble culture. His Works are really imbued with a tragic sense of the doom of the old world of Russia, close and related to the writer with whom he was associated...
13. This story takes a case from life, in some way a sensation that occupied Moscow society on the eve of the World War. One of the popular Moscow newspapers published a revealing article about the director's intimate life...
14. Perception of the child's world by adults in I. Bunin's story "Numbers" I. Bunin's story "Numbers" should be read twice: once in childhood, the second when the reader himself has children ....
15. The theme of life and death was one of the dominant ones in the work of I. Bunin. The writer revealed this topic in different ways, but each time he led to the conclusion that death is an integral part of life, and ...
16. So to know and love nature, as Bunin knows how, - few people know how. Thanks to this love, the poet looks vigilantly and far away, and his colorful and auditory impressions are rich. His world is...
17. The world in which the Lord from San Francisco lives is greedy and stupid. Even the rich Mr. does not live in it, but only exists. Even the family does not add to his happiness. In that...
18. Reading the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, you understand that he is a singer of life and love. His works are a hymn to the world around us. The writer knows and understands a lot; he appreciates the great gift of being...
19. For all authors. Each writer in his life comes to this topic in different ways, according to his own path, only to him. There are writers who only slightly touch on this topic, as if by chance, ...
20. The story takes place on a large passenger ship traveling from America to Europe. And during this journey, the main character of the story, an elderly gentleman from San Francisco, dies. It would seem -...