Great paintings by Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci - Italian genius

The paintings of Leonardo da Vinci are beautiful and full of mysteries. They are brought to an unthinkable degree of perfection, because the master worked on each of his creations for several years.

Our list includes all greatest paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, with photos, names and detailed information about each of them. The list did not include drawings of inventions, caricatures, as well as paintings, in relation to which art critics have doubts that they belong to Leonardo's brush. Also not included in the selection are copies of paintings that have not survived to this day.

Years of writing: 1490.
Where is: Academy Gallery, Venice.
Materials: paper, pen, ink, watercolor.
Dimensions: 34.3 x 24.5 cm.

If you say that this is not a painting, but a drawing, you will be absolutely right. Indeed, the Vitruvian Man is a drawing, an illustration made by Leonardo for the book of the great ancient Roman architect Mark Vitruvius and placed in one of his diaries.

However, this drawing is no less famous than the paintings listed in our list. It is considered not only a work of art, but also a scientific work. And demonstrates the ideal proportions of the human body.

After studying mathematics and geometry, in particular the work of Vitruvius, Leonardo's thirst for knowledge reached its zenith. In Vitruvian Man, he applied the idea of ​​universal symmetry, the golden ratio, or "divine proportion" not only to size and shape, but also to weight.

• 6 palms = 1 cubit;
• length from the tip of the longest to the lowest base of 4 fingers = 1 palm;
• 4 palms = 1 foot;
• arm span = height;
• 4 palms = 1 step;
• 4 cubits or 24 palms = the height of a person.

Other world-famous paintings by Leonardo da Vinci that incorporate the golden ratio are Mona Lisa, The Annunciation and The Last Supper.

Years of writing: 1478 — 1480.
Where is: Alte Pinakothek, Munich.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 42 x 67 cm.

Many art historians attribute this work to the young Leonardo, when he was still an apprentice in the painting workshop of Verrocchio. There are a number of details that support this version, such as the detailing of the Madonna's face, the drawing of her hair, the landscape outside the window, and the soft and diffused light characteristic of the Italian artist.

Unfortunately, the years did not spare the picture, and due to improper restoration, the surface of the paint layer went uneven.

Years of writing: 1472 — 1476.
Where is: Uffizi, Florence.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 98 x 217 cm.

It was with the "Annunciation" that Leonardo da Vinci began as an artist. This painting was supposedly created in collaboration with Andrea del Verrocchio, to whose workshop he was given at the age of 14 years old. In favor of the authorship of the future famous Italian master, the amazing anatomical accuracy characteristic of all Leonardo's works, as well as a number of sketches in the diaries that have come down to our time, speaks. In favor of the authorship of another person - the nature of the strokes and the composition of the colors with which Mary was written; they contain uncharacteristic lead for da Vinci.

Interestingly, if you look at the picture standing right in front of it, then some flaws in the anatomy are noticeable. For example, Mary's hand seems to be somewhat longer than is typical for ordinary inhabitants of the planet Earth. However, if you go to the right side of the picture and look from there, then Mary's hand magically shortens, she herself becomes larger, and the center of gravity of the plot is transferred to her figure - as prescribed by the plot. Most likely, the alleged irregularity in physique is the result of a carefully designed optical illusion: the picture was supposed to hang at an angle to the viewer.

Years of writing: 1476
Where is: Uffizi, Florence.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 177 x 151 cm.

And Leonardo wrote this work in collaboration with his teacher. According to Giorgio Vasari, who compiled the biography of the artist, Verrocchio instructed the young apprentice (at the time of writing the picture, Leonardo was 24 years old) to paint the figure of a white-haired angel in the left corner of the picture. The teacher was so impressed with the skill of the student that he, disgraced, no longer painted.

Years of writing: 1474 — 1478.
Where is: National Gallery of Art, Washington.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 38.8 x 36.7 cm.

The wreath of laurel and palm branches on the back of the picture hints that it depicts a difficult woman. The first wreath indicates her poetic pursuits, and the second indicates that she is not a stranger to mercy and compassion. This impression is supported by the strict and somewhat severe beauty of the model, her pale alabaster skin, and her eyelids lowered, as if in thought. Her intellectual pursuits are also indicated by the almost complete absence of jewelry and emphatically modest clothing. And rightly so - the painting depicts the poetess Ginevra de Benci.

The manner of the image (especially shading with fingers - Leonardo has just begun to master this technique, so the paint layer is uneven in places) already speaks loudly about the skill of the creator. Especially characteristic soft lighting and the landscape in the background, as if shrouded in a luminous haze.

Years of writing: 1479 — 1481.
Where is: Hermitage, St. Petersburg.
Materials: oil painting on canvas.
Dimensions: 48 x 31.5 cm.

“Ghost of an old woman” with a “wrinkled neck”, “swollen body” and “toothless grin” - such unflattering words described the picture by an American art historian, who was instructed to establish authorship by the owners - the Benois family. Despite all the colorful epithets, he still attributed it as belonging to the brush of Leonardo da Vinci - both the manner of painting and the soft diffused light inherent in the artist, naturally creating the volume of two figures, speak in favor of this.

One of the symbolic details is a cruciferous plant, hinting at what fate awaits the child. However, neither the mother nor the baby knows about it yet. He plays carelessly, and she looks at him with a smile.

Years of writing: 1479 — 1482.
Where is: Uffizi, Florence.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 246 x 243.

One of the paintings of the great artist, sculptor, scientist and engineer of the Renaissance, unfortunately, remained unfinished. Leonardo moved to a place of residence in Milan and was not going to return. Fortunately, the customers kept the unfinished painting. It is notable for its non-standard composition and rich symbolic meaning.

For example, Mary sits under an oak tree, which is a symbol of eternity, a palm tree grows in the distance - a sign of Jerusalem, and the ruins of a pagan temple on the horizon - the destruction of the pagan religion, which was replaced by Christianity.

Years of writing: 1480 — 1490.
Where is: Vatican Pinakothek.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 103 x 75 cm.

Despite the fact that the picture remained unfinished, it made a strong impression on contemporaries. This is primarily due to the amazing anatomical accuracy of the image of the human body, which Leonardo was famous for.

A difficult fate awaited the picture - after some time the work was sawn, and the boards were used for the most base purposes. It is alleged that one of the art lovers found part of the picture in the form of a chest lid.

Years of writing: 1478 — 1482.
Where is: Hermitage Museum.
Materials: tempera, board.
Dimensions: 42 x 33.

The mastery of the great Italian artist was manifested, among other things, in the details that tell a kind of story. For example, a woman's red dress is equipped with special cuts for feeding, one of which is sewn up. Apparently, she decided that it was time to stop breastfeeding. But one of them was ripped open in a hurry - stitches and hanging ends of the thread are visible.

Years of writing: 1483 - 1490 and 1495 - 1508.
Where is: Louvre and London National Gallery.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 199 x 122 cm

In the world there are two almost identical works by Leonardo with the same name. One is in Paris and the other is in London. The first version of da Vinci was ordered for the altar door, and with a clearly defined plot. However, the artist, apparently, considered that his talent and skill give him the right to some liberties. As a result, there were so many of them that customers refused to pay for the work. A long-term lawsuit began, which, however, ended relatively successfully. The second version began to hang in the church, and the first one disappeared from the art criticism radars for about a hundred and fifty years, until it was found in the treasury of the French kings.

Like many other paintings by Leonardo, this one is full of encrypted messages. Cyclamen next to Jesus symbolizes love, primrose - virtue, acanthus - the coming resurrection, and St. John's wort - the blood shed by Christian martyrs. It was this picture that the author of the sensational "The Da Vinci Code" tried to use as an illustration of his constructions, where he stated that in fact the meaning of the traditional plot is completely different.

Years of writing: 1485 — 1487.
Where is: Ambrosian Library, Milan.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 43 x 31.

The only portrait image of a man among the famous paintings of da Vinci. Initially, art historians believed that the painting depicted the Duke of Milan himself, the patron and friend of Leonardo da Vinci (as far as a person occupying such a social position can be someone else's friend). Until it was subsequently discovered that the young man was clutching a scroll in his hands, beginning with the words "angelic song." Therefore, the painting was renamed "Portrait of a Musician". And a number of art critics make a bold assumption that this is Leonardo himself, because music was also part of his sphere of interests.

Years of writing: 1488 — 1490.
Where is: Czartoryski Museum, Krakow.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 54.8 x 40.3 cm.

Although the authorship of the brilliant Italian artist was sometimes questioned, at the moment art critics agreed: this is one of the best paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, if not the most perfect from a picturesque point of view. It is believed that the artist, who adored riddles and ciphers, encrypted her name in the image of a white animal in the hands of the model. In Latin, the mustelid family is called gale, and the name of the girl is Caecilia Gallerani.

The snow-white skin of an ermine (and the portrait most likely depicts it) is a daring challenge to the somewhat dubious status of the kept woman of the Duke of Milan. According to popular beliefs, this animal values ​​​​its immaculate white fur so much that it is ready to die rather than stain it with dirt.

Years of writing: 1495 — 1498.
Where is: Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.
Materials: fresco.
Dimensions: 460 x 880 cm.

One of the most famous paintings by Leonardo da Vinci, in fact, is not one. This is a kind of the largest and most unsuccessful experiment of the great Italian scientist. At the end of the 15th century, the Duke of Milan ordered the famous artist to paint the wall of the monastery for an amount that would now be equivalent to 700 thousand dollars.

It was assumed that the artist, like many before him, would paint on wet plaster - after the final polishing, such painting would be strong and durable. However, the fresco imposes its own limitations - in addition to the specific manner of applying paints (it is required to write immediately and in white, further corrections are impossible), only some pigments are suitable for it. And then their brightness decreases, "eaten" by a well-absorbing surface.

For Leonardo, who was skeptical of authorities, who reached everything on his own and, apparently, was proud of this circumstance, such restrictions were unbearable. With true renaissance scope, he decided to discard the legacy of the past and rework the entire process - from the composition of the plaster to the paints used. The result was predictable. The paint layer of the fresco began to collapse two decades after the end of the work. In addition to unsuccessful technical solutions, the picture also suffered from time.

First, the inhabitants of the monastery decided to saw off Christ's legs, making a door in this place, and then untalented painters, trying to renew the painting, godlessly distorted its plot (for example, the hand of one of the apostles turned into ... a loaf). The building was flooded, then a hayloft was made out of it, and a bomb hit the temple in World War II. Fortunately, the fresco was not damaged by it. It is not surprising that barely 20% of the original painting has survived to our time.

It is interesting that it was this crumbling and from time to time tinted image that for many years was the most famous painting by da Vinci - but what is there, the only one available to a simple viewer. The rest were all kept by the rich of this world. The status quo changed only with the transfer of the Mona Lisa from Napoleon's bedchamber to the Louvre.

From the other two frescoes created by da Vinci, only fragments have survived to this day.

Years of writing: 1493 — 1497.
Where is: Louvre, Paris.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 62 x 44 cm.

An interesting legend is connected with one of the most famous paintings by Leonardo da Vinci. When the painting came to France, one of the owners made an inscription on it - "ferroniera". This mysterious word (as well as the undoubted beauty of a woman) excited the imagination of people close to art for many years.

The gallant "historian of love", Guy Breton, who already lived in our time, composed a whole story. Allegedly, the nameless beauty was the mistress of Francis the First, and she began to wear her jewelry to hide the bruise received during the night with the king.

Most likely, the painting by Leonardo da Vinci with the title "Beautiful Ferroniera" depicts Lucrezia Crivelli. She was one of the mistresses of Leonardo's patron, the Duke of Milan. And the name comes from her forehead decoration - ferroniere.

Years of writing: 1500 — 1505.
Where is: National Gallery, Parma.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 24.6 x 21 cm.

The unfinished image of a young woman with a careless hairstyle (hence the other name of the painting - La Scapigliata, disheveled) is written in a manner similar to other unfinished works - with oil paints with a small addition of pigment. Art critics, however, believe that the contrast between the barely outlined hair and the superbly executed face was part of the artist's plans.

Probably, Leonardo was inspired by a passage from the ancient writer Pliny the Elder, popular during the Renaissance. He said that the great artist Apelles deliberately left his last image of the Venus of Cossus unfinished, and that admirers admired him more than his other works.

Years of writing: 1501 — 1517.
Where is: Louvre, Paris.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 168 x 112 cm.

Contemporaries deeply appreciated the liveliness and naturalness of facial expressions of all three participants in the scene - especially Leonard's signature mysterious half-smile, with which Anna looks at her daughter and grandson.

2. Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)

Years of writing: 1502 — 1516.
Where is: Louvre, Paris.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 76.8 x 53.

It is perhaps difficult to find a person on the globe who would not know the Gioconda. This is certainly the most famous work of the talented Italian. Many mysteries and mysteries of this painting by Leonardo da Vinci have not been solved so far:

"Mona Lisa" had a special meaning in the artist's life - it's no secret that sometimes, carried away by something new, he reluctantly returned to the interrupted work. However, he worked on the Gioconda with passion and enthusiasm. Why?

It is not clear exactly who is depicted in the portrait. Was it the wife of the merchant del Giocondo? Or the same woman who posed for The Lady with the Ermine? There is even a version that Salai, one of the artist's apprentices, depicted by him in at least two more paintings, acted as a model for Mona Lisa.

What color was the Gioconda's dress originally? Apparently, Leonardo again experimented with paints, and again unsuccessfully, so nothing remained of the original color of the sleeves. Contemporaries, by the way, admired the luxurious coloring of the picture.

And, finally, a mysterious half-smile - does she smile at all, or is it just an illusion skillfully created by the artist due to the shadows in the corners of her lips?

Years of writing: 1508 — 1516.
Where is: Louvre, Paris.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 69 x 57 cm.

The artist's last painting, which supposedly depicts Salai, one of the artist's apprentices, who, for unknown reasons, enjoyed the special disposition of Leonardo. The master forgave the disciple a lot. Up to the theft of money for a cloak bought in advance, in which Salai was draped for "Bacchus" - a painting that has survived to this day only in the form of a copy. A pampered face, carefully curled curls and a particularly immodest half-smile gave rise to certain doubts about the nature of the relationship between master and apprentice.

However, it is difficult to understand anything from the artist’s diaries - after allegations of sodomy at a young age, he carefully avoided mentioning his personal life anywhere. By the will, he left his estate and money, by the way, to Leonardo to the same Salai and one more of his assistants.

Turin self-portrait by Leonardo da Vinci

Years of writing: after 1512.
Where is: Royal Library, Turin.
Materials: sanguine, paper.
Dimensions: 33.3 x 21.6 cm.

It is considered a self-portrait of the artist, drawn at the age of 60. The portrait is made with a stick for drawing from kaolin and iron oxides, which is why the painting has a yellowish tint. Currently not exhibited due to fragility.

There is still controversy surrounding the authorship of the popular work, despite the fact that the shading goes from left to right, as was customary for Leonardo, but some art historians consider it a fake. According to some reports, during X-ray photography, a painting was found under the image of an old man, presumably dated to the 17th century.

The most expensive painting by Leonardo da Vinci in a private collection: The Savior of the World

Price:$400 000 000
Years of writing: 1499 — 1507.
Where is: private collection.
Materials: oil painting on the board.
Dimensions: 66 x 47 cm.

At a Christie's auction in November 2017, the painting fetched an impressive $400 million. Now it is kept in the private collection of one of the Saudi princes and may be exhibited in the Louvre branch in this country.

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For quite a long time, disputes over the authorship of this picture lasted. Some experts believed that the Annunciation was painted by Ghirlandaio, while others believed that the painting was the work of a young Leonardo da Vinci. However, after some […]

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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 - May 2, 1519) was a famous Italian Renaissance architect, musician, inventor, engineer, sculptor and painter of genius. He has been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man" and universal genius. Leonardo is widely known for his unique paintings such as the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. He is also famous for his many inventions. In addition, he helped in the development of anatomy, astronomy and urban planning.

In the Renaissance, there were many brilliant sculptors, artists, musicians, inventors. Leonardo da Vinci stands out from their background. He created musical instruments, he owns many engineering inventions, painted paintings, sculptures and much more.
His external data is also striking: tall, angelic appearance and extraordinary strength. Let's get acquainted with the genius of Leonardo da Vinci, a brief biography will tell his main achievements.

Facts from the biography
He was born near Florence in the small town of Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci was the illegitimate son of a famous and wealthy notary. His mother is an ordinary peasant woman. Since his father had no other children, at the age of 4 he took little Leonardo to him. The boy showed an extraordinary mind and friendly character from an early age, and he quickly became a favorite in the family.
To understand how the genius of Leonardo da Vinci developed, a brief biography can be presented as follows:
At the age of 14, he entered the workshop of Verrocchio, where he studied drawing and sculpture.
In 1480 he moved to Milan, where he founded the Academy of Fine Arts.
In 1499, he leaves Milan and begins to move from city to city, where he builds defensive structures. In the same period, his famous rivalry with Michelangelo begins.
Since 1513 he has been working in Rome. Under Francis I, he becomes the court sage.
Leonardo died in 1519. As he believed, nothing of what he started was completed to the end.

creative way
The work of Leonardo da Vinci, whose brief biography was outlined above, can be divided into three stages.
Early period. Many works of the great painter were unfinished, such is the "Adoration of the Magi" for the monastery of San Donato. During this period, the paintings “Madonna Benois”, “Annunciation” were painted. Despite his young age, the painter has already demonstrated high skill in his paintings.
mature period Leonardo's creativity proceeded in Milan, where he planned to make a career as an engineer. The most popular work written at this time was The Last Supper, at the same time he began work on the Mona Lisa.
IN late period creativity, the painting "John the Baptist" and a series of drawings "The Flood" were created.

Painting has always complemented science for Leonardo da Vinci, as he sought to capture reality.

The most famous paintings by Leonardo

Annunciation (1475-1480) - Uffizi, Florence, Italy

Ginevra de Benci (~1475) - National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, USA.

Benois Madonna (1478-1480) - Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia

Adoration of the Magi (1481) - Uffizi, Florence, Italy

Cecilia Gallerani with Ermine (1488-90) - Czartoryski Museum, Krakow, Poland

Musician (~1490) - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy

Madonna Litta, (1490-91) - Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia

La Belle Ferronière, (1495-1498) - Louvre, Paris, France

The Last Supper (1498) - Convent of Station Maria Delle Grazie, Milan, Italy

Madonna in the Grotto (1483-86) - Louvre, Paris, France

Madonna in the Grotto or Virgin in the Grotto (1508) - National Gallery, London, England

Leda and the Swan (1508) - Borghese Gallery, Rome, Italy

Mona Lisa or Mona Lisa - Louvre Museum, Paris, France

Madonna and Child with St. Anne (~1510) - Louvre, Paris, France

John the Baptist (~1514) - Louvre, Paris, France

Bacchus, (1515) - Louvre, Paris, France.

Madonna with a carnation

Anonymous 17th century (based on a lost original) - Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci

He is credited with the invention (in the 15th century!) of a parachute, a tank, a searchlight, a bicycle (and many other interesting and necessary things and devices). He was well versed in anatomy, and also dreamed of a time when a person, having overcome the force of gravity, would be able to soar like a bird. But the overwhelming majority of the population knows him as the author of a mysterious, magically attractive portrait.

Great Da Vinci masterpieces

The riddle of a smile

It is believed that the wife of a Florentine merchant Lisa Gherardini served as a model for the master. We know her under two "code" names. Mona Lisa. She is Gioconda.

The ingenious technique of "sfumato" (the same flair, a kind of haze that envelops the background of the picture) and the secret of the woman's smile, which has not been revealed, made da Vinci's work the most famous and most valuable work of art of all time. After several attempts to destroy the masterpiece, it was placed under bulletproof glass.

But the Gioconda, carefully kept in the Louvre, is already the pinnacle that the Italian has reached in his declining years. Before her, there were years of searching, trials, mistakes, successes - the path that a brilliant creative person inevitably goes through.

At the dawn of glory

A new wave of interest in the person arose among our contemporaries thanks to Dan Brown's bestseller. And the future artist and scientist himself once did not think about fame at all. He was a little burdened by the fate of the bastard - the illegitimate offspring of the notary Piero di Bartolomeo (although Renaissance society turned a blind eye to illegitimate children). Leonardo turned out to be the fruit of the love of Piero and the villager Katerina. He received his surname from the name of the town in which he was born in 1452. The father took his son to him when he was only 3 years old. It was this loss of his mother in early childhood that oppressed the boy. Subsequently, it is not for nothing that Madonnas will be one of the main themes of the painter.

At the age of 14, da Vinci became an apprentice to the famous Florentine Verrocchio. In addition to drawing and modeling, the student gave a lot of effort to the study of technical and human sciences. The guy was accompanied by Perugino, Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and many others, who today are considered the geniuses of the Renaissance.

One of the first notable works of Leonardo is a fragment of the painting "The Baptism of Christ", painted by a teacher. The brush of the young man belongs to the angel on the far left. They say that after this Verrocchio stopped creating: he was struck by how much the young apprentice surpassed the mentor.

The heyday of creativity

The fruitful Florentine and Milanese periods of the life of the creator can be traced through his most famous works.

The canvases of the young da Vinci, dedicated to the gospel stories of the Annunciation and the Adoration of the Magi, which remained unfinished for some reason, are included in the collection of the famous Uffizi Gallery, as the already mentioned masterpiece of Verrocchio.

Two images of the Mother of God - "Madonna Benois" (she is called so by the name of the pre-revolutionary owner of the canvas) and "Madonna Litta" (a very famous symbol of motherhood) - the pride of the St. Petersburg Hermitage.

But the Madonna in the Rocks, which is kept in the Louvre, has its almost double (also by Leonardo), exhibited in one of the halls of the London National Gallery.

Many people know what the painting, which is part of the collection of the Czartoryski Museum in Krakow, “Lady with an Ermine” looks like. According to experts, this is a portrait of the beloved Duke of Milan Sforza Cecilia. The maestro had only 4 such secular female portraits, including the Gioconda.

Touch eternity

At the end of his life, the artist accepted the invitation of the monarch Francis the First to settle in France. Before moving, he completed a large-scale work - the painting "John the Baptist".

Leonardo da Vinci was not yet 65, and a serious illness deprived him of the opportunity to create (the right hand completely refused). The last year of his life, the master was bedridden, and at the age of 67 he was gone. There is a version that he died in the presence of King Francis I himself. The artist and scientist was buried in the castle of Amboise.

The most famous fresco of da Vinci (yes, yes, it was, among other things, that passions boiled around her in Brown's novel) is The Last Supper. It was severely damaged by time and the bombings of the Second World War, so it was repeatedly restored. It adorns the wall of the refectory of the Milanese monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Those who want to admire it book tickets almost a few months in advance. The masterpiece is allowed strictly for 15 minutes.