Purpose: to teach children to be attentive to plants in nature, to understand that among them there may be poisonous ones; to consolidate the ability to distinguish mushrooms and berries from the pictures and the signs that are given in riddles; learn to be careful, develop curiosity.
Game progress:
Old man - Lesovichok: Hello guys! I came to you to invite you to my wonderful forest for mushrooms and berries. Do you like picking mushrooms and berries? Now let's check if you know mushrooms.
The game "Tell me a word" (accompanied by showing pictures)
If they are found in the forest,
Immediately remember the fox.
Redhead sisters
They are called ... (chanterelles)
Strong, dense, very stately,
In a brown and elegant hat.
This is the pride of all forests!
The real king of mushrooms! (Porcini)
The brothers are sitting on the stump.
All freckled like boys.
These friendly guys
They are called ... (honey mushrooms)
Like oil on their heads
And they can hide well.
Very nice guys
Golden ... (Oil).
Guys, be careful in the forest with mushrooms, otherwise uninvited guests will climb into your basket. Guess what?
Look how good!
Red hat with polka dots
Lace collar -
He is not new to the forest! (Amanita)
In a pale hat with a thin stem,
You can't put it in a basket.
Mushroom dangerous, mushroom blende,
This is pale ... (toadstool).
We will collect edible mushrooms, and leave poisonous ones in the forest. But remember, guys: leave the mushrooms that you do not know in the clearing, do not trample, do not knock down. All the mushrooms in my forest are needed. Who eats mushrooms in the forest? That's right, then a squirrel will eat a fungus, then a hedgehog, and moose are treated with fly agarics.
The game "Collect the mushrooms in the basket"
Children collect mushrooms in two baskets: with a picture of "fly agaric" - poisonous, and in a basket with a picture of "porcini mushroom" - edible.
Old man - Lesovichok. Guys, tell me, is it possible to eat mushrooms raw? How can you cook mushrooms so that they can be eaten (children's answers). Mushroom picking is an exciting but risky activity. Many people end up in hospital every year due to mushroom poisoning, sometimes there are even deaths. Therefore, guys, let's remember the poisonous mushrooms well again. (looking at pictures).
Guys, but it also happens that mushrooms grow not only in the forest, but also in the garden, in the park, in the square, in the kindergarten area. Remember: mushrooms in the garden, even if they are edible, are dangerous because they contain many harmful substances. Therefore, having met mushrooms in the garden, trample it or show it to adults.
Not only mushrooms grow in my forest, but also berries. What wild berries do you know? Berries are rich in vitamins and other beneficial substances. Doctors are sure: the more a person eats berries, the less he gets sick. But be careful - there are also poisonous berries in the forest.
The game "The Fourth Extra"
Name and show poisonous berries.
If it happened that you suddenly ate an unfamiliar berry, rather tell an adult about it. In case of poisoning with mushrooms or berries, you should immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance.
And now sit down in the clearing and watch a play called "Beware, Poisonous!" (on flannelgraph)
Animals appear in the clearing.
Bunny: Where are you in a hurry, little fox?
Fox cub: To the clearing where hare ears grow!
Bunny: Huh? Can my ears grow in the forest?
Fox cub: So look, hare ears!
Bunny: Ha-ha-ha! Is it ears? This is a real forest lily of the valley!
Fox cub: But it is also called hare ears. Look, each plant has two long leaves, like your ears.
Old Man-Lesovichok: Time passed, and at the end of summer the animals again ran to that very clearing. But instead of flowers, the lily of the valley had orange berries on the stalks. The hare picked a few berries.
Fox: Come on! Lily of the valley berries are poisonous, they can be poisoned. Let them fall off, new lilies of the valley will grow from them.
Old man - Lesovichok: Guys, the lily of the valley is listed in the Red Book, because this plant is disappearing. And how can we protect the lily of the valley?
Children: Do not tear bouquets, admire them in the forest.
Old man - Lesovichok: Guys, you learned that even the most beautiful plants and berries in the forest can be poisonous. We must remember this. Listen to what the animals in the clearing talked about next.
Fox cub: Bunny, have you seen how interesting the raven eye grows?
Crow: Ka-ar-r! Little fox, do you think my eyes are growing? I've had them for several years now!
Little Fox: No, your eye does not grow, Aunt Crow, and the plant is such a raven eye. Let me show you. (The fox points to the plant)
Crow: Kar! This plant really looks like my black eyes!
Bunny: The plant is beautiful, but very poisonous. Neither the stems, nor the leaves, nor the berries can be eaten.
Old man - Lesovichok: Guys, do you remember which plants are edible and which are inedible? Now you will be able to collect full baskets of mushrooms and berries.
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Advice for parents
"Beware of poisonous mushrooms!!!"
It's another mushroom season.Baskets and camping clothes were taken from secluded places. Picking mushrooms is an activity that carries a certain risk. Alas,mushroom poisoning is not that rare. What are the symptoms of poisoning?Most often they occur 6-12 hours after eating mushrooms. This is profuse salivation, severe colicky pains in the abdomen, indomitable vomiting, and intestinal upset. Due to the large loss of fluid, the victim develops an excruciating thirst. Severe pain in the liver is accompanied by the rapid development of jaundice. Often there are convulsions, difficulty breathing, the face takes on a bluish tint. With every hour the patient weakens, falls into oblivion. And in a day or two, a tragic denouement may come.
Unlike adults, poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and plants in children is more difficult because:
- All organ systems are still immature.
- Low resistance of the body to poison.
- A more rapid penetration of the poison into the body is characteristic.
The tendency of the child's body to toxicosis and exicosis(dehydration).
Prevention of poisoning by poisonous plants and mushrooms consists in precautionary measures.
Dear parents! Teach your children the following:
You can not taste unknown berries, leaves, stems of plants, fruits, seeds, mushrooms, no matter how attractive they look.
You can’t even touch unfamiliar plants, as you can get burned, an allergic reaction.
Poisonous plants contain poisons that can cause poisoning both by inhalation of volatile aromatic substances secreted by plants, and by contact of juice with the skin.
The most severe poisoning can be obtained by ingestion of the toxin with berries, leaves, roots.
Myths and truth about mushrooms.
1. Mushrooms are needed in the diet, because in Rus' they have been collected and eaten since ancient times. Statements about “the food of our grandmothers” do not go at all to modern man. Our ancestors lived in an ecologically clean time. Berries and mushrooms have not yet been fully poisoned by industrial waste. In ancient Rus', peasants worked up to seven sweats, such work involved huge energy costs, so the body was able to digest heavy food. Our life can not be called exhausting.
Mushrooms have not been boiled or fried since ancient times, they were harvested raw, so
mushrooms retained all the nutrients in this way. Nowadays, mushrooms(due to bad environment)you have to boil it, at a temperature of 100 degrees almost all the benefits are destroyed.
2. To secure dubious mushrooms, they must first be frozen.
Minus 18 - not low enough temperature to stop the vital activity of pathogenic microbes and fungi. Mushrooms in the freezer
continue to accumulate toxic substances. More or less reliable way - cooking. All this is suitable for edible mushrooms: if a pale grebe is lying around in a pile, it cannot be boiled or frozen. Its poison is considered the most powerful plant poison in nature.
3 Mushrooms can be distinguished by smell. The same pale toadstool does not smell of anything.
4 Insects do not eat poisonous mushrooms. Very willingly, especially slugs.
5 A head of onion or garlic placed in a pot will turn brown due to
the presence of at least one poisonous mushroom, and the silver spoon will darken.
In fact, the browning of onions and garlic occurs under the action of the enzyme tyrosinase, which is found in both edible and poisonous mushrooms. The darkening of silver occurs under the action of amino acids containing sulfur, which is also found in all mushrooms.
6 Only inedible mushrooms are dangerous. Any, even edible mushrooms contain several dangerous toxic elements. In edible mushrooms, poisons were found in microdoses, a certain amount of which is deadly - oxalic, hydrocyanic, helvelic acids, arsenic. Do not pick mushrooms in very hot weather, because of the heat, more than half of the edible mushrooms become poisonous.
7 If nothing terrible happened on the first day after the mushroom dinner, then everything is in order. Toxins acquire deadly properties by undergoing various changes in the liver, and poisoning develops 6-35 hours after a mushroom dinner.
8 In case of mushroom poisoning, it is enough to drink a loading dose of the sorbent.
Mushroom poisoning never goes away on its own, therefore, after providing first aid, immediately call"ambulance".
Remember that childhood poisoning with edible mushrooms is always very difficult, with complications. There are no easy cases!
Summer is here and every day is getting warmer and warmer. This is the most favorable time for the appearance of poisonous mushrooms and plants. The problem of acute poisoning in children is one of the most urgent in the summer. Often there are poisonings between the ages of 1 and 5 years.
Unlike adults, poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and plants in children is more difficult because:
1. All organ systems are still immature
2. Low resistance of the body to poison.
3. Characterized by a faster penetration of the poison into the body.
4. The tendency of the child's body to toxicosis and exicosis (dehydration).
Prevention of poisoning by poisonous plants and mushrooms consists in precautionary measures.
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"Caution: Poisonous Mushrooms and Plants"
Purpose: to form a child's understanding of the existence of poisonous plants and mushrooms;
to acquaint with the plants of our site;
To teach to distinguish between poisonous plants and mushrooms, to give knowledge that a person can be poisoned by the poisons of these plants;
educate respect for all mushrooms and plants.
Material: The game "Unravel the confusion", "Herbarium".
Conversation flow:
Game "Unravel the confusion"
On the table are pictures on which individual parts of plants are drawn, children are invited to connect them.
You can show the children in the picture of the child who is in the hospital. Ask to discuss what might have happened to him. Lead to the idea that it is dangerous to touch and take unfamiliar plants and mushrooms into your mouth.
Conversation
Ask the children which plants on the site of our kindergarten are familiar to them.
Discuss with children what parts plants have, what they look like, names, read poems or make riddles. Discuss with the children what a plant or mushroom can be dangerous for.
Some children have a habit of biting or chewing any blade of grass. This is a very bad habit. Children should remember that the stems, leaves, flowers and berries of many plants are poisonous and can cause irreparable harm to health.
But any mushrooms, like plants and animals, need human care and protection.
Examination of the herbarium, posters and encyclopedias
Dealing with a problem situation
I found a big, beautiful mushroom, what to do with it?
Remember RULES:
The best defense against poisonous plants is not to touch any flower or shrub if you are not familiar with them, because even touching poisonous plants can be dangerous: this can cause skin burns with blisters and wounds that are difficult to heal.
Picking mushrooms is a fun activity. But it also happens that mushrooms grow not only in the forest, but also in the city, in the park and on the garden plot.
Remember - mushrooms in the city, even if they are edible, are dangerous. They contain a lot of nitrates, absorb exhaust gases, radiation. Therefore, when you meet a mushroom in the garden area, do not touch it, but show it to the teacher and parents.
If you do touch a plant or mushroom, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water.
Conversation with a health care nurse
"Edible and non-edible mushrooms"
for children of the preparatory group
Kholodnyak L.V. caregiver
MBOU "Chervonovskaya SOSHDS
Target: To teach children to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms in appearance, to be able to collect mushrooms.
Tasks:
To consolidate the idea of children about the features of the appearance of mushrooms (boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, honey mushrooms, volnushki, fly agaric).
Develop a sense of form and composition.
Cultivate an interest in nature.
Materials and equipment:
Poster "Mushroom clearing", "Birch grove, models, drawings of mushrooms, flannelograph, plasticine, stacks, toothpicks, napkins, baskets, trees.
Methods and techniques:
Puzzles
Questions for children
Reading a poem by K. Balmont "For mushrooms"
Surprise moment - the arrival of Luntik
Riddles from Luntik
A game
Reminder of the basic rules of the mushroom picker
Finger gymnastics
Modeling mushrooms
Fun "Mushrooms"
Preliminary work:
A conversation about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms, drawing mushrooms, learning the rules of a mushroom picker.
Course progress.
Educator: Guys, today we will go for a walk. And where, try to guess for yourself:
There are a lot of trees growing here:
Lindens, aspens, birches and maples,
Also mushrooms and berries
Do not collect them even for a year.
The place is full of wonders
And we call him ... .. (forest)
Children: Forest!
Q. - Which of you was in the forest?
D.-
Q. - Did you like it in the forest? Why?
D.- Yes! The forest has fresh air, it is beautiful, there are many trees, it smells of mushrooms.
Q. - Who lives in the forest?
D. - Animals: bears, wolves, foxes, squirrels, birds, beavers.
Q. - What do people collect in the forest?
D. - Mushrooms, berries, medicinal herbs.
V.- Guys, listen to K. Balmont "For mushrooms"
Here we are as a friendly family
For mushrooms in the forest.
I, he, and you are with me,
The old forest has risen.
He was a quiet, dark forest,
Looked overcast.
And how our choir sounded,
He's all gone.
The squirrel listened in the pine
And with a swing - jump!
There's a magpie in the sky
She raised her cry.
Well, comrades, go ahead,
Scattered suddenly.
The one who finds the first mushroom
He is my best friend.
Just take note, brothers
Here's your deal:
So that this mushroom, let
It was not fly agaric.
V.- Guys, we will take baskets, we will go along the path to the forest and pick up mushrooms. Until we get to the mushrooms, we will have a great walk in the fresh air. And how many times do you bend down while walking through the forest! That's gymnastics for you! How joyful when you find a mushroom!
Luntik enters with a basket of mushrooms.
Luntik: I have been walking in the forest for a long time,
I'm soaked with dew,
But now I know
About birch and about moss
About raspberries, blackberries,
About the hedgehog and about the hedgehog
Who has a hedgehog
All needles are trembling.
Luntik: Hello guys!
D. - Hello, Luntik!
V.- Well, let's see what kind of mushrooms you have gathered.
L. - I'll get it now. And you guys, guess my riddles about mushrooms:
I was born on a rainy day
Under the young aspen
Round, smooth, beautiful,
With a thick and straight leg.(Boletus)
Along forest paths
Lots of white legs
In colorful hats
Noticeable from afar.
Collect, do not hesitate!
This…(russula)
red chanterelles
Small growth.(chanterelles)
Near the forest on the edge,
Decorating the dark forest,
Grew motley, like parsley,
Poisonous.... (fly agaric)
V. - Stop, Luntik. Guys, is it possible to eat fly agaric?
D.- No!
V.- Come on, Luntik, we will help you collect only edible mushrooms. Play with us the game "Collect edible mushrooms in a basket."
Edible and inedible mushrooms are placed on the floor. Children collect only edible mushrooms, name them and show Luntik, and then put them in a basket.
L.- Thank you guys!
V.- Remember, guys and Luntik, never pick unfamiliar mushrooms. They may be poisonous. "Not every mushroom has a place in a basket." In total, more than 2,500 different types of edible and inedible mushrooms grow in our country. Among them there are also very poisonous ones, which are not allowed to be taken in hand. The poison will get on your hands, and then, if you, out of forgetfulness, take bread with these hands, then you can get poisoned. Almost all poisonous mushrooms are edible. Remember this and be careful. The most dangerous mushrooms are fly agaric and pale grebe.
V.- Guys, did you go to the forest for mushrooms?
D.- Yes!
Q. - Who did you go with?
D.- With dad, mom, grandfather, grandmother.
Q. - Have you seen how the elders gather mushrooms?
D.- Yes! They cut them with a knife.
Q. - Yes, guys, a mushroom, or rather a mushroom cap and part of the stem is cut off with a knife, and in no case are they pulled out of the ground along with the root. Why? How do you think?
D.- In order not to damage the mycelium.
V.- Guys, listen carefully and look. This is how we see mushrooms in the forest(show picture). But such, in fact, you see under the grass, in the ground, a cobweb or a net. This is a mushroom. If you carefully cut the mushroom, then next year another mushroom will grow in this place, and not even one. And if you uproot the mushroom, the mycelium will be damaged, and the mushrooms will never grow here again.
V.- Guys, let's remember the basic rules of the mushroom picker.
Children take turns calling:
Do not touch unfamiliar mushrooms, leave them in the forest in a clearing.
Do not destroy poisonous mushrooms, animals are treated with them.
Do not tear the moss and foliage near the mushrooms with a stick - you can damage the mycelium.
Carefully cut the mushroom with a knife or carefully, holding the stem of the mushroom, break off the cap.
Don't take the old mushrooms, leave them to the insects.
V.- Guys, remember that you can not pick mushrooms near the highway. They absorb toxic substances that are contained in the exhaust gases of cars.
Q. - Well, guys and Luntik, did you remember the rules of a good mushroom picker? Learned to distinguish edible from inedible? That's good! And now, guys, let's play a little with our fingers before we start sculpting mushrooms.
Finger game "Mushrooms"
Top-top - five stepsThey go on the spot.
There are five mushrooms in a jarInterlace fingers in a basket
Fly agaric red-Show five fingers, alternately
The mushroom is dangerous.massaging each finger,
And the second fox-starting big.
Red pigtail.
The third mushroom is a wave,
Pink ear.
And the fourth mushroom is morel,
Bearded old man.
The fifth mushroom is white,
Eat it boldly.
Children sit at tables.
Q. - Guys, I propose to mold a mushroom basket and fill it with different mushrooms, only edible ones and give it to Luntik.
Children first mold a mushroom basket, and then mushrooms.
V.- Well done! They blinded only edible mushrooms, they turned out beautiful with you.
L.- Thank you guys. I'll give a basket of mushrooms to Baba Kapa. She will cook a delicious mushroom pie. Goodbye, guys!
D. - Goodbye, Luntik!
V.- I'm in the forest in autumn delirium
I'll collect the mushrooms in a box,
I take mushrooms in the aspen,
Along the birch tree - boletus,
On pine stumps - honey agarics,
And under the tree - porcini mushroom - boletus.
V.- Guys, did you like the lesson?
D.- Yes! It was interesting. Luntik came, we helped him to collect edible mushrooms.
Q.- What new did you learn today? What would you tell your family and friends about?
D.- That mushrooms are edible and inedible, that they have a mycelium, they must be collected carefully so as not to damage them.
V.- Guys, be careful and careful. And remember the rules of a good mushroom picker "NOT every mushroom has a place in a basket"
Conversation on the topic "Poisonous mushrooms and berries of the Crimea"
Target: introduce students to poisonous berries, mushrooms, first aid for poisoning
Plan
1. Poisonous mushrooms of the Crimea
panther fly agaric
Death cap
Fly agaric
Amanita smelly (white, white grebe)
2. Poisonous berries
Nightshade bittersweet (red)
Belladonna
Calla (calla) marsh
Euonymus
Privet (Wolf Berries)
Elder herb (stinky)
wolfberry, daphne
Voronets spike-shaped black or Actaea spike-shaped
Voronet krasnoplodny (red; spiked red)
raven eye
Lily of the valley
3. First aid for poisoning with berries and mushrooms
Poisonous mushrooms of the Crimea
There are about 45 poisonous, inedible, hazardous to health types of mushrooms on the Crimean peninsula. Among them, different groups of mushrooms are distinguished by toxicity.
Fifth, group- this includes gray poisonous entoloma, tiger row, flat cap champignon - Symptoms of poisoning appear 0.5-5 hours after ingestion. An upset of the gastrointestinal tract, mild poisoning are detected, the malaise persists for up to 7 days.
TO 4 group refer shaggy and inky dung beetles . Poisoning will occur if you use these mushrooms with alcohol. To avoid unpleasant consequences, you can not drink alcoholic beverages for 3 days after eating mushroom food.
3 group- signs of poisoning appear 15-60 minutes after eating. In the worst case, isolated deaths are possible. These fungi include reddish, waxy, pale and orange-red talkers .
To the second group turned on panther and red fly agaric . In case of poisoning, death is possible.
panther fly agaric
The mushroom can be confused with the blushing fly agaric. They are distinguished by the color of the pulp. In the panther fly agaric, it is white and does not change at the break, but in the reddening fly agaric, it turns pink in this place
First group - extremely deadly poisonous mushrooms. Green, white spring fly agaric (pale grebe), brown-cherry silverfish . Symptoms appear after 8 to 40 hours. From folklore came several methods for identifying poisonous mushrooms at home. First of all, it is believed that poisonous mushrooms smell unpleasant. In fact, a young pale grebe, for example, smells like a mushroom, or has no smell at all.
Death cap
Olive green hat. Diameter - 12 cm. Fawn leg. The mushroom picker has up to 3-4 mushrooms. The pulp and plates are white. It can be confused with common champignon, but it should be borne in mind that the latter has pink plates. False champignon has a characteristic smell of carbolic acid, and on the cut - a specific yellowness of the pulp.
Fly agaric
The hat has a diameter of up to 10 cm, hemispherical shape and white color. Gradually, it acquires a flat-convex form of yellow-green coloring with white-gray flakes. Slightly sticky to the touch. The pulp is thick, white, soft. Under the skin, it has a yellowish tint. The smell is unpleasant, reminiscent of stale potatoes. The stem of the mushroom has a diameter of about 2 cm and a length of 10 cm. At its base is a tuberous thickening. The fungus is often found in the coniferous and forest deciduous zone from July to October. Unlike the pale toadstool and the smelly fly agaric, the mushroom has white flakes on the cap.
Amanita smelly (white, white grebe)
A hat with a diameter of up to 12 cm. The color is white. Slightly sticky to the touch. When dry it is shiny. The pulp is white. The smell is unpleasant. Cap plates adhere to the stem of the fungus. The color is also white. The leg has a length of up to 7 cm and a thickness of about 1.5 cm. It thickens towards the base.
There is also an opinion that insects are not interested in poisonous mushrooms. This statement is also not true, naked slugs and some insects are happy to feast on any kind of mushroom that they meet on the way. Checking mushrooms during cooking, by adding onions or silver to the vessel, a priori cannot give the right answer about the toxicity of mushrooms. The bulb may turn brown from a reaction with the enzyme tyranosinase, which is found in varying amounts in both poisonous and edible mushrooms. Silver darkens when it reacts with amino acids, which are also present in all mushrooms.
ATTENTION !
It is forbidden to apply taste testing to mushrooms, because this does not allow to determine the degree of danger of a particular species. The toxins in them have no antidote. If you are not sure of the complete harmlessness of the green dish, in no case do not eat it. In the old days they wrote: "Some lips, who accepts them, not knowing., Die in vain." Therefore, you should adhere to the main commandment of the mushroom picker: if you don’t know a mushroom, if you’re not sure, don’t take it!
When selecting mushrooms for the purpose of eating, one should not use "folk methods" for determining their safety: lowering a silver spoon or lunette into the broth, as well as onion and garlic heads. In both cases, it is possible to change their color when preparing safe mushrooms.
Dangerous is the delusion that supposedly insect larvae, snails do not infect poisonous mushrooms.
Do not rely on smells either. For example, the aroma of a deadly poisonous toadstool is no different from the smell of an edible champignon.
Using milk to determine the quality of mushrooms can also lead to serious errors. It can turn sour when an edible mushroom is placed in it.
poisonous berries
Poisonous berries can not only cause poisoning, but also lead to death. Therefore, it is extremely important to know what the poisonous berries of Russia look like. Before going to the forest, look at the pictures of poisonous berries so as not to be mistaken. You can take a photo with you, then the poisonous berries will definitely be identified. Be sure to tell the children about poisonous wild berries, explain what you can’t eat in the forest, what poisonous plants to beware of. Show them pictures or photos of poisonous berries. Poisoning with poisonous berries can be very serious, it is important not to eat unfamiliar fruits, no matter how tempting they look. Very often it is red berries and black berries that are poisonous. Our quick guide to poisonous berries will help you avoid trouble.
Nightshade bittersweet (red)
Bittersweet nightshade is a semi-shrub with a curly long stem (up to 2 m, and more in favorable conditions), with a woody base.
Leaves are ovate-pointed.
The flowers are purple, in drooping racemes.
Blooms from late May to September.
The fruits are red bittersweet poisonous berries, ripen in June - October.
Distribution of nightshade red
Red nightshade is widespread in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in Siberia and in the Far East along the banks of reservoirs, damp places, among shrubs. Often found in settlements, on the outskirts of villages, on the borders of vegetable gardens, on garbage heaps. Often, bittersweet nightshade is grown in home gardens as an ornamental vine.
The poisonous parts of nightshade
Poisonous in nightshade are leaves, stem and fruits. As the berries ripen, the poisonous properties of bittersweet nightshade berries, unlike black nightshade, do not disappear, since in addition to the poisonous glycoalkaloid solanine, which disappears when the berries ripen, there are also other toxic substances, in particular solidulcin and dulcamarin.
Symptoms of poisoning
The symptoms of poisoning with bittersweet nightshade are the same as for poisoning with other plants containing solanine and similar glycoalkaloids - abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, inhibition of motor and mental activity, shortness of breath, cardiovascular insufficiency. First aid - gastric lavage.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - nightshade red
Belladonna
It is also known under the names belladonna, rubella, sleepy dope, mad berry, wild cherry (Atropa belladonna) - a plant of the nightshade family. Perennial herbaceous plant 1-2 m high with an erect, thick green or purple-colored stem, forked-branched at the top. The leaves are petiolate, broadly lanceolate, alternate, but paired together, and always one is much larger than the others. Belladonna flowers are solitary, drooping, emerging from the axils of the upper leaves, bell-shaped, dirty purple (sometimes yellow) in color. It blooms from June to late autumn. shiny black-blue poisonous berry, flattened-spherical, juicy, sweet-sour, the size of a cherry.
Spread of belladonna
Belladonna is widespread in the Crimea, the Caucasus, and the Carpathians. Occurs in clearings, edges, shady glades.
Toxic Parts of Belladonna
All parts of the plant are poisonous. Poisoning occurs more often in children who are attracted to the poisonous berries of belladonna that resemble cherries or grapes (even 2-3 of its berries can cause severe poisoning in a child). They, as well as other parts of the plant, contain such very poisonous alkaloids as atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, etc.
Symptoms of poisoning
Signs of poisoning appear after 10-20 minutes. In case of mild poisoning, dryness and burning in the mouth and throat, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, palpitations. The voice becomes hoarse. The pupils are dilated and do not react to light. Violated near vision. Photophobia, flashing flies before the eyes. Dryness and redness of the skin. Excitation, sometimes delirium and hallucinations. In severe poisoning, complete loss of orientation, sudden motor and mental excitement, sometimes convulsions.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - belladonna
Calla (calla) marsh
Marsh calla is a juicy, thick-rhizome, creeping hydrophyte (a plant that grows halfway in water) 20-40 cm high with large shiny round-heart-shaped leaves (15-20 cm) on long petioles. The cob-shaped inflorescence is surrounded by a white (green on the reverse side), leaf-like veil.
The fruits are juicy red poisonous berries, collected in clusters.
Blossoms in May, June, fruits ripen from the end of June.
Calla spread
The marsh calla is widespread throughout Russia in swamps and marshy shores of reservoirs.
Toxic Parts of the Calla
The whole plant is poisonous, especially poisonous berries and rhizomes. Calla contains pungent saponin-like compounds, as well as volatile substances such as aroin with irritating properties.
Symptoms of calla poisoning
Nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, shortness of breath, tachycardia, convulsions. First aid - gastric lavage and laxatives.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - marsh calla
Euonymus
Euonymus is a deciduous shrub (sometimes a small tree) 3-4 meters tall, with "classic" elongated leaves, greenish small inconspicuous flowers.
Euonymus blooms in May-June. The fruits fully ripen in September-October.
The fruits are beautiful bright pink four-part capsules containing usually black seeds inside, covered (sometimes not completely) with fleshy orange or red pulp. As they mature, the boxes open.
Distribution of Euonymus
Euonymus is found in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, some species grow in the Far East (up to Eastern Siberia), Sakhalin, Kuril Islands.
Poison Parts of Euonymus
Everything is poisonous in the spindle tree - roots, bark, leaves, but the poisonous berries, which attract with their bright appearance, are the most dangerous.
Symptoms of poisoning with Euonymus
The use of poisonous spindle berries in food causes vomiting and diarrhea, large doses of berries can provoke intestinal bleeding.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - euonymus
Privet (Wolf Berries)
Privet is a genus of rather heat-loving shrubs of the olive family. Common privet is a deciduous shrub up to 5 meters high.
The leaves are simple, opposite. The inflorescences are white, similar to lilac flowers, also collected in panicles.
The fruit is a black berry. Privet blooms in May-July, after the appearance of leaves on it. Privet
The berries are poisonous, ripen in September-October and do not fall off for a long time.
Distribution of Privet
On the territory of the former USSR, common privet is found in its natural form. The halo of its distribution is the southwestern part of Russia, the Caucasus, Ukraine and Moldova.
Poison Parts of Privet
The leaves and berries of the plant are poisonous. The leaves are unlikely to be eaten by anyone, but the berries are quite similar to bird cherry.
Symptoms of Privet Poisoning
After eating poisonous privet berries, diarrhea, colic, weakness, loss of coordination, convulsions occur in 1-2 hours, in severe cases death is possible.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - privet
Elder herb (stinky)
Elder grass is a herbaceous perennial of the honeysuckle family with an unpleasant odor, with a thick creeping rhizome, a thick furrowed (sometimes sparsely pubescent) stem 60-170 cm high. Leaves with stipules, large (17-25 cm), pinnate of 7-11 pointed leaves, pubescent along the veins. Inflorescence herbal elder - umbellate panicle. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, white or reddish. The herbal elder blossoms in May - June.
Herbal elder fruits are black small berry-like drupes with 3-4 seeds and red juice. The herbaceous elder bears fruit in August - September.
Propagation elderberry herbal
The herbal elderberry is widespread in the southern part of Russia in the foothills and mountains, along the edges of forests and subalpine meadows. Often found as a weed.
Poison parts of Elder herb
Elderberry herbal leaves and flowers are poisonous. The unripe berries of elderberry are especially poisonous.
Symptoms of elderberry poisoning
The main symptoms of poisoning with poisonous elderberry berries are dizziness, headache, weakness, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Blue staining of the mucous membranes is characteristic as a result of the accumulation of oxyhemoglobin in the venous blood. Tachycardia is replaced in the later stages by bradycardia. There is shortness of breath with a delay in expiration, convulsions are possible. Death occurs from respiratory arrest due to acute heart failure.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - herbal elderberry
wolfberry, daphne
Daphne - a low shrub is popularly called wolf's bast or wolfberry. In April, branches of Daphne, a meter and a half tall, are almost entirely strewn with bunches of bright pink flowers, very similar to the color of lilacs. From flowering plants, a delicate peculiar aroma spreads. Daphne leaves are narrow, dark green. Poisonous berries - oval, first green, then red, ripen in late July-August.
Spread of Wolfberry
Wolfberry grows in the north of the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Caucasus. Prefers coniferous and mixed forests. It also occurs in deciduous forests.
Poison Parts of Wolfberry
Wolfberry flowers are poisonous. Inhalation of daphne pollen causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and respiratory tract. Not only flowers are poisonous, but the whole plant. No wonder one of the names of Daphne is the deadly wolfberry.
The bark of the wolf's bast is unusually bitter in taste and, when ingested, causes a burning sensation and scratching. Subsequently, blisters and ulcers form on the mucous membranes. Touching the wet bark of daphne, wolfberry to the skin can lead to the formation of ulcers.
No less burning juice from the leaves and poisonous berries of the wolf's bast. It is extremely dangerous to get wolfberry juice into the eyes. This threatens the formation of difficult-to-heal manifestations of the cornea.
Symptoms of Wolf's Bark Poisoning
After eating poisonous berries, there is a burning sensation in the mouth, pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, weakness, convulsions are possible. But the wolf's bast contains not only meserein, which strongly irritates the skin and mucous membranes, but also other toxic substances, in particular several types of coumarins, which cause increased bleeding.
Poisonous berries picture, photo - wolfberry
Voronets spike-shaped black or Actaea spike-shaped
Voronets spiky is a perennial poisonous herbaceous plant up to 80 cm high, with a thin branched stem, with large, on long petioles, twice and thrice pinnate leaves. The edges of the leaves are coarsely serrated.
The flowers are white or cream, small, collected in a fluffy panicle.
The berries are green at first, black when ripe, glossy, large, oval-cylindrical with a clearly visible trace of perianth. The berries are collected in a brush.
Distribution of Voronets spike-shaped black
Spike-shaped black crow grows in the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia, in Altai, but is quite rare. Prefers shady damp places in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. Usually grows in thickets of bushes and trees. Black spike-shaped crow does not like open spaces. Blossoms in May-June, berries ripen in July-August.
Poisonous parts of Voronets spiky
The whole plant is highly poisonous. Especially poisonous are the berries of the black voronets.
Symptoms of poisoning with Voronets spike-shaped
The juice of the plant irritates the human skin, up to the formation of blisters. And even a small amount of the pulp of a poisonous berry is enough to cause severe upset in the gastrointestinal tract.
Poisonous berries, photo - black crow
Voronet krasnoplodny (red; spiked red)
Voronets red-fruited is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stems are thin, up to 70 cm high.
The leaves are usually thrice pinnate, with serrated margins. In appearance, the red-fruited crow is very similar to the spike-shaped crow, but differs from it, first of all, in the color of the fruit, slightly smaller berries, and also in the lighter color of the leaves.
The flowers are small, white, collected in a vertical brush-panicle.
The berries of the black crow are oblong-oval, medium in size, green at first, turn white as they ripen, and then turn red. Located on a vertical brush.
Distribution of Voronets krasnoplodny
Voronets krasnoplodny grows in coniferous and mixed forests, in the Far East, in Siberia and in the north of the European part of Russia.
Poisonous parts of Voronets krasnoplodny
All parts of the plant are poisonous. The most toxic are the berries of the black crow. Eating just two poisonous berries for a child can end tragically. But accidental poisoning with the berries of the red crow is hardly possible, since the plant has an unpleasant odor, and the berries are very bitter.
Symptoms of poisoning
Signs of poisoning with the berries of the red crow - nausea, dizziness, increased heart rate, severe upset of the gastrointestinal tract.
Poisonous berries, photo - Red Voronets
raven eye
The raven eye is a perennial plant of a very characteristic appearance. A low stem framed by spreading, usually four (rarely, as in the photo, five) wide leaves, ends with one single nondescript greenish flower that blooms in July-June. Then the raven eye turns the flower into a single berry, turning black by autumn. The raven eye is also known under the name of cross-grass.
Spreading the Crow's Eye
The raven eye grows in shady, damp places of coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, throughout the temperate zone of Russia from Europe to the Far East. The raven eye is considered a medicinal plant, but it is better not to collect and use it on its own, since the raven eye is a poisonous plant.
Poison parts of the Crow's eye
The crow's eye berry, like other parts of the plant, is poisonous. The plant contains saponins and cardiac glycosides.
Symptoms of Crow's Eye Poisoning
Poisoning with poisonous berries or other parts of the crow's eye causes irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, a sharp drop in heart rate to 60-40 beats per minute or less, heart rhythm disturbances, ventricular flutter and cardiac arrest.
Poisonous berries, photo - Crow's eye
Lily of the valley
Lily of the valley spread
Lily of the valley grows mainly in damp shady places, in forest areas, in oak forests, in floodplain forests.
The poisonous parts of the lily of the valley
The entire lily of the valley plant is poisonous. Lily of the valley berries are especially poisonous. Beautiful red berries are poisonous and should not be plucked, let alone eaten.
Symptoms of lily of the valley poisoning
The most characteristic signs of poisoning with poisonous lily of the valley berries are headache, tinnitus, a rare pulse, constriction of the pupils. Seizures are possible.
Poisonous berries, photo - Lily of the valley
3. First aid for poisoning with berries and mushrooms
If symptoms of poisoning occur, such as fever, diarrhea, vomiting, convulsions, etc., seek medical attention immediately. While the doctor will go to you, do not sit idly by.
The most first aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms and berries is to stimulate vomiting - this procedure will free the stomach from poisonous contents. To do this, the victim needs to be given 2-4 glasses of water (activated charcoal can be added to it - 2 tablespoons per 500 ml, salt - 1 teaspoon per 500 ml or potassium permanganate). In case of poisoning with poisonous berries, the procedure will have to be carried out several times. Of the medicines, it is recommended to give the patient activated charcoal, tannin, as well as any laxative and heart remedy. In the presence of seizures will have to use chloral hydrate. If there is no first aid kit, you can give the patient black crackers, starch solution or milk. It does not hurt to also do an enema (if possible). A victim of poisoning with poisonous berries should be wrapped warmly and taken to a doctor.
ATTENTION!
Never pick or taste berries that you do not know.
If you came to the forest with a child, then do not leave him unattended for a minute. Watch what berries he eats.
If you come to an area unknown to you and the nature there is not entirely familiar to you, be sure to inquire with the locals, study the literature, browse the Internet and find out which poisonous plants are typical for this area.
Poisonous berries are actually dangerous only for those who do not know them "by sight".
