Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Feat

Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya Anatolyevna, the truth about whose feat still haunts lovers of debunking Soviet heroes, was born on September 13, 1923 in the Tambov region, p. Aspen Guys. The girl's parents were teachers, and her father's ancestors were representatives of the clergy.

In 1929, the Kosmodemyansky family was forced to move to Siberia. According to the recollections of Zoya's mother, they did this to escape a denunciation, since her husband opposed collectivization.

A year later, they managed to move to live in Moscow, thanks to a relative who served in the People's Commissariat for Education.

At school, Zoya was distinguished by good studies, she loved literature, history and wanted to enter the Literary Institute. But as Wikipedia writes, the romantically sublime girl, who reacts sharply to any injustice, suffered from nervous breakdowns, which were complicated by the meningitis she suffered in 1940. Despite a debilitating illness and many missed classes, Zoya found the strength to catch up with her classmates and graduate from school.

When the Great Patriotic War began, a girl among 2,000 young Komsomol members came to the Coliseum cinema as a volunteer ready to go to the front. From there she was sent to a sabotage school, where, after a short course of study, she became a scout - a saboteur. Soon she was sent on her first task - mining a road in the Volokolamsk region.

In the meantime, on November 17, 1941, an order was issued by the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command on the obligation of sabotage groups to deprive the Nazis of any opportunity to settle down in the occupied villages for the winter, for which it was necessary to burn and destroy to the ground all settlements behind enemy lines (an excerpt from the document is given in Wikipedia).

It was for the execution of this order that on November 18 or 20 the commanders of sabotage detachments, B.S. Krainov and P.S. Provorov (Zoya Anatolyevna was a member of Provorov’s group) were to burn ten settlements within a week, among which was the village of Petrishchevo, Vereisky (now Ruzaevsky) district. During the mission, both groups came under fire, and those of them who survived united under the command of B. Krainov.

On November 27, the surviving Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Boris Krainov and Vasily Klubkov managed to set fire to three residential buildings in the village of Petrishchevo.

The truth (!?) about the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

During the assignment, V. Klubkov was captured, B. Krainov, not knowing anything about it, was waiting for all three of them at the appointed place, but did not wait and returned to the detachment. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya also did not find her comrades and therefore decided to return to the village in order to destroy at least one more house with the Nazis. Captured Klubkov later, already under interrogation by the Soviet military, confessed that he betrayed Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya to the Nazis out of fear and cowardice. But, according to some historians, pressure was put on him so that the truth about the feat of the cosmologist was unsullied by her supposedly bad qualities of a scout who allowed himself to be taken prisoner.

Be that as it may, the Germans already knew that saboteurs were operating in the village, so she was quickly discovered and captured. The whole further truth about the feat of the partisan was told by eyewitnesses of this event - local residents who were struck by the courage and steadfastness of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who did not submit to the enemy even after severe torture.

During interrogation, she identified herself as Tanya and refused to give any information or give other names. To force her to speak, the Nazis stripped Zoya naked and beat her with rubber sticks. Then they took her naked and barefoot through the cold, where the girl was also bullied by local women, whose houses she set on fire.

On the morning of the next day, she was taken outside to the gallows erected for execution. On her chest they brought the tablet "The arsonist of houses." According to the testimony of local residents, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya behaved proudly and with dignity, until the last moment she called on people to fight the Nazis, and offered the Germans themselves to surrender. Enraged executioners knocked out a stool from under the feet of the unconquered, not allowing her to finish her fiery speech.

The body of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya hung on the gallows for about a month, subjected to repeated abuse by the Nazis, in the end, she was buried by the inhabitants of Petrishchevo.

In May 1942, the ashes of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya with military honors were transferred from Petrishchevo to Moscow to the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1954, a monument was erected on her grave in the form of a half-length sculpture on a cylindrical pedestal. Zoya was depicted as a partisan with tense-willed features. Her relatives found an amazing portrait resemblance of the monument to Zoya. In the second half of the 80s, this monument was replaced by another, more pretentious one. In this image, she stands with her head thrown back and her hand out to the side. Her whole figure symbolizes pain and suffering.

According to Wikipedia, for the first time the whole truth about the feat and the fate of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya learned Peter Lidov, who published a story about her in the newspaper "Pravda" (1942), under the title "Tanya". Lidov compiled his description of those events on the basis of the collected testimonies of eyewitnesses of what happened. So the identity of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was established, and her body was exhumed and identified.

On February 16, 1942, she, the first of the women of the Second World War, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and her image forever became the standard of courage, stamina and loyalty to their ideals of Soviet youth during the war years.

Even at the height of the war, in 1943 Vasily Dekhterev staged the opera Tanya. And in 1944, the Soyuzdetflm film studio released the film Zoya directed by Leo Arnshtam, which shows the life and exploits of the heroine. The film features the music of Dmitry Shestakovich. These works were intended to inspire the younger generation to new feats on her example.

Of the entire Soviet pantheon of Komsomol heroes, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became the most famous. After the war, streets were named after Zoya throughout the country and abroad, her museums were opened, and monuments were erected. The first of them appeared in Kyiv in 1945. In total, more than 50 monuments and busts were erected to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in the Soviet Union. Also, there are at least two dozen works of art dedicated to the feat of Kosmodemyanskaya. In addition, many objects were named after her, both in the Soviet Union and beyond its borders - schools, pioneer camps, ships, trains and others. The tank regiment of the National People's Army of the GDR bore her name.

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya (September 13, 1923 - November 29, 1941) - in Soviet times there was a legend that the girl was a partisan. After declassifying and studying the archives, it became known that she was a saboteur, abandoned in the rear of the German army. Posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Childhood

Zoya was born in one of the villages of the Tambov province. Her parents were teachers and from childhood instilled in the girl a love of knowledge.

The girl's grandfather was a priest, therefore, according to one version, after the massacre of him, the family ended up in the depths of Siberia. According to other sources, the careless speeches of Zoya's father himself against the policy of collectivization led to the fact that they had to hastily run away from power in order to be able to sit out until passions subsided.

Be that as it may, but the Kosmodemyanskys still managed to get out of the snow and get to Moscow. Here, in 1933, the head of the family died, so the care of the children - Zoya and her younger brother - had to be shouldered by one mother.

Youth

Zoya studied very well. Her teachers praised her, saying that the girl had a great future. She was especially interested in literature and history. With them, the girl dreamed of connecting her future life.

Social activity has also always been among Zoya's activities. Having joined the Lenin Komsomol, she managed to be a group organizer. However, being a modest girl with a heightened sense of justice, she did not always find a common language with people who allowed themselves to be two-faced and fickle. Therefore, Zoe had few friends.

In 1940, Zoya became seriously ill. She was diagnosed with acute meningitis. Fortunately, there were no irreversible consequences, but the girl had a very long time to restore her strength. For this reason, she spent almost the entire winter in a sanatorium near Moscow.

There she was lucky to meet the famous writer Arkady Gaidar. They became friends and talked a lot. For Zoya, this was a very important event, because she dreamed of connecting her life with the study of literature.

Returning home, Zoya very easily and quickly caught up with her classmates, although during her illness she had to miss a lot of the school curriculum. Having received a certificate, the girl was sure that now all doors were open to her. However, the war crossed out plans and shattered dreams.

Service

In the fall of 1941, Zoya decided to volunteer for the front. A smart and quick-witted girl was sent to a sabotage school, where fighters were trained for reconnaissance and sabotage units. There was no time for a long study, so the groups took an accelerated course and went to the front. Zoya was in one of them. Having successfully completed the test task, the students of the sabotage school were recognized as ready for combat operations.

According to the next order of the command, sabotage units were instructed to complicate the life of the German invaders in every possible way. The new goal was to destroy any structures in which they were located or kept horses and equipment. The command believed that this would significantly weaken the enemy, because being in the cold in winter did not contribute to strengthening combat capability.

The group, which included Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, received one of these tasks. They had to destroy many buildings in various villages. However, initially things did not go as planned. The soldiers almost immediately came under fire and suffered heavy losses. The survivors were forced to retreat. However, it was decided to bring the matter to an end.

Zoya and several of her comrades managed to set fire to buildings in the village of Petrishchevo. At the same time, the Germans suffered significant losses, because a communications center and several dozen horses died in the fire. Retreating, Zoya missed her colleagues. Realizing this, the girl decided that she should return and continue to carry out the order.

However, this turned out to be her big mistake. The German soldiers were already ready to meet. In addition, the locals were not delighted that someone was destroying their homes. It was they who informed the enemies that a suspicious person had reappeared in the village. Soon Zoya was captured.

Heroic death

The Germans took their anger out on the defenseless girl for several hours. She also felt hatred from civilians, many of whom did not fail to inflict several cruel blows on her. However, nothing made her beg for mercy or give out any valuable information to her enemies.

At half past eleven in the morning, the mutilated girl was taken to a hastily built gallows. Around her neck they hung a sign "Arsonist". Until her death, the girl did not flinch.

Zoya was buried first in the village cemetery, and then reburied at Novodevichy in Moscow.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is the first girl in the USSR who was awarded the highest state award - Hero of the Soviet Union, for her significant services to the Motherland.

In addition, Zoya, who sacrificed herself for the future of the country and the people, became one of the symbols of the Red Army. Some publications even called the heroine of the Union the Soviet Joan of Arc.

Childhood and family

Zoya was born on September 13, 1923 in one of the small villages in the Tambov region, in the family of a priest. Zoya had a younger brother, Alexander. In 1930

Kosmodemyansky moved to Moscow, mother (Lyubov Timofeevna) worked as a teacher at school, father (Anatoly Petrovich) got a job at the Timiryazev Academy. It would seem that life is getting better, but in 1933 his father dies.

Sasha was 16 years old when his sister Zoya died. He began to ask for the front, because of his young age they did not take him. He received permission in April 1942.

After studying at the Ulyanovsk Military School, he went to the front in 1943. He died on April 13, 1945 from an enemy fragment. As his own terrible sister, he was awarded the same high award for his merits - the hero of the USSR.

Zoya studied well at school, and especially she was given such humanities as history and, most of all, literature. She planned to connect her life with literature, planning to enter the Literary Institute.

In 1939, Zoe suffered a severe nervous outburst, after which she was suspected of schizophrenia. However, there were no further such messages.

Military service and the feat of Zoya

Zoya entered the service a few months after the outbreak of hostilities. On October 31, the heroine of her own free will, consisting of two thousand volunteers, went to serve in the Red Army and was enrolled in a reconnaissance and sabotage unit, which in the future should be thrown behind enemy lines.

Zoya went to work, even knowing about the risk factor for which she subscribes. The authorities said that the task they would face would not let them go alive - they were immediately warned that most likely they were suicide bombers. Before the assignment, Zoe and the others were told that they could be captured and face a painful death. Anyone who is not ready for such a step had to leave the reconnaissance unit.

Despite such information, Zoya decided to continue serving in this particular unit, a few days later, together with her comrades, she completed the task of mining an important railway for the Germans.

Stalin decided to use scorched earth tactics against his opponent in order to undermine the morale of the Wehrmacht from the inside before launching a large-scale offensive. By his order, special groups of fighters were created, the main task of which is to destroy the most important apartments of the Germans so that there is no heat and food for the enemy.

Zoya's superiors were tasked with burning 10 settlements in just five to seven days. Kosmodemyanskaya became a member of one of the groups that were instructed to set fire to houses with the help of bottles with a combustible mixture. The assignment clearly stated that the houses could be very well guarded - a large number of enemy infantry with automatic weapons and even machine guns. But even despite this, the authorities issued only pistols to the fighters, including Zoya.

For the operation, the saboteurs were given a bottle of vodka so that they could warm themselves in the forest until the right moment. Late at night on November 27, Zoya, together with Boris Krainov and Vasily Klubkov, set fire to three wooden houses, and also neutralized about twenty horses that the German army needed to supply various supplies and weapons.

After the arson, the Germans raised the entire village, Klubkov was captured. All members of the sabotage group did not meet in a conventional place. Then Zoya decided to return to fulfill the order to set fire to all the inns. But the Germans posted guards, the girl was noticed and captured. And Krainov, who did not wait for his comrades, returned to the partisans.

Captivity and death

The person who raised the alarm at the sight of Zoya - a certain resident of the village of Sviridov, received only a miserable bottle of vodka as a reward for his act. After Sviridov falls into Soviet captivity in the future, he will be shot for treason.

And Zoya was immediately taken for interrogation to one of the surviving houses, where three German officers had already gathered. They were cruel to the captive girl, but the heroine did not even give her real name, not to mention the plans for the operation. According to eyewitnesses, the Germans undressed Zoya and then beat her with belts on her naked body. Then the girl was driven in the cold, because of which she received frostbite on her legs.

One of the Wehrmacht soldiers showed pity and allowed the captive girl to lie down on the bench and even covered her with a blanket. Several villagers, whose houses had been set on fire by the saboteur, also took part in the beating of Zoya. After the Red Army again took possession of the village, the women who participated in the beating of Zoya were put on trial and shot as traitors.

The next morning, Zoya, posing as Tanya, was hanged in front of the whole village. Before her death, the girl made a speech that the Russian people must continue to fight and that all Germans would be destroyed as soon as the Red Army came here. During the execution of Zoya, a photographer was present who captured these events. Later, these pictures were indeed found in one of the Wehrmacht soldiers already during the offensive of the Red Army. It is known that the body of the deceased saboteur hung in the cold for another month. Zoya was buried outside the village by local residents.

Heritage

I learned about the feat of the Soviet saboteur very soon - already at the end of January 1942, an article appeared in the press where a certain Tanya threatened the Germans while they were hanging her. Then the identity of the deceased girl was established, and very soon, for her courage and loyalty, the Motherland of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.

At the time of her death, young Zoya was only eighteen years old. Then millions of soldiers of the Red Army, and then the whole country, learned about her death. Her death became like a battle cry, after which volunteers in the Red Army increased significantly - among them there were a huge number of women who found out about the feat of their sister.

After the victory over the Nazis in 1945, the whole country revered the feat of a young girl who did not say anything to the Germans and did not betray her homeland. In addition to numerous literary works, music and films, hundreds of monuments were erected throughout the territory of the Union, dozens of schools and hundreds of streets that still bear the name of Zoya Kosmedemyanskaya.

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became a national hero not only of the Soviet Union, but also of Burma. One of the leaders of the liberation movement in the country chose the image of a Soviet girl as an example for his people, who, like her, must be ready for anything, for the sake of their freedom;
• There is an assumption that Zoya was captured in the house not by chance - according to some information, one of his comrades who was captured and began to cooperate with the enemy could hand him over to the Germans. It is currently impossible to accurately determine the fact of betrayal due to lack of information. In 1942, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, suspected of treason, was captured by the Red Army and shot for treason. The reason was the presence of a traitor during the interrogation of the heroine, although there is no clear evidence of this fact.

This is a story about the feat of a simple Moscow schoolgirl, a story about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. About the courage and heroism of an ordinary Soviet girl in the presentation of the famous writer Sergei Alekseev.

The highway runs like a gray ribbon to the west. Cars rush along the highway. 85th kilometer from Moscow. Take a look to the left. Marble pedestal. The girl stood on the pedestal. Hands are tied. Proud, open look.

This is a monument to Zoya. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

Zoya studied at a Moscow school. When the enemy began to approach Moscow, she joined the partisan detachment. The girl crossed the front line and joined the people's avengers. Many residents of the Moscow region then rose against the Nazis.

We fell in love with Zoya in the detachment. She bravely endured all the hardships and hardships of a dangerous life. "Partisan Tanya" - that's what they called Zoya in the detachment.

A large fascist detachment stopped in the village of Petrishchevo. At night, Zoya entered Petrishchevo, cut the telephone wires and set fire to the houses where the Nazis stayed. Two days later, Zoya again came to Petrishchevo. But the enemies seized the young partisan.

Zoya was interrogated by the division commander, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer:

- Who you are?

- I will not say.

Did you set the house on fire?

- What are your goals?

- Destroy you.

Zoya was beaten up. They demanded that she betray her comrades, say where she came from, who sent her on a mission.

“No,” “I don’t know,” “I won’t tell,” “No,” answered Zoya.

And the beatings started again.

At night, Zoya was subjected to new torments. Almost naked, in only her underwear, she was driven out into the street several times and forced to walk barefoot in the snow.

- Tell me, who are you? Who sent you? Where did they come from?

Zoya didn't answer.

In the morning Zoya was taken to the execution. They arranged it in the center of the village on the village square. The inhabitants were driven to the place of execution.

The girl was taken to the gallows. They put it on a box. They put a noose around his neck.

The last minute, the last moment of a young life. How to use this moment? How to stay a fighter to the end?

Here the commandant prepared to give the command. He raised his hand, but stopped. Some of the Nazis at that time clung to the camera. The commandant drew himself up - you need to turn out worthy in the picture. And at this time...

The fascist who was standing nearby ran up to Zoya, wanted to hit him, but the girl pushed him away with her foot.

“I’m not afraid to die, comrades,” Zoya said. It is happiness to die for your people. - And, turning slightly, she shouted to her tormentors: - There are two hundred million of us. You don't outweigh everyone. All the same, victory will be ours!

The commandant twitched. I gave the command...

Minsk highway. 85th kilometer from Moscow. Monument to the heroine. People who came to bow to Zoya. Blue sky. Space. Flowers...

Family

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya was born on September 13, 1923 in the village of Osino-Gai (the village is also referred to in various sources as Osinov Gai or Aspen Gai, which means "aspen grove") of the Gavrilovsky district of the Tambov region, in a family of hereditary local priests.

Zoya's grandfather, priest of the Church of the Sign in the village of Osino-Gai, Pyotr Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, was captured by the Bolsheviks on the night of August 27, 1918 and, after severe torture, was drowned in the Sosulinsky pond. His corpse was discovered only in the spring of 1919, the priest was buried next to the church, which was closed by the communists, despite the complaints of believers and their letters to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in 1927

Zoya's father Anatoly studied at the theological seminary, but did not graduate from it; married a local teacher Lyubov Churikova.

Captivity, torture and execution

The execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

Zoya's fighting friend Claudia Miloradova recalls that during the identification of the corpse, there was gore on Zoya's hands, there were no nails. The dead body does not bleed, which means that during the torture of Zoya, the nails were also torn out.

At 10:30 the next morning, Kosmodemyanskaya was taken outside, where a gallows had already been erected; a sign was hung on her chest with the inscription "The arsonist of houses." When Kosmodemyanskaya was led to the gallows, Smirnova hit her on the legs with a stick, shouting: “Who did you hurt? She burned my house, but did nothing to the Germans ... ".

One of the witnesses describes the execution itself as follows:

All the way to the gallows they led her by the arms. She walked straight, with her head held high, silently, proudly. They took me to the gallows. There were many Germans and civilians around the gallows. They led her to the gallows, ordered to expand the circle around the gallows and began to photograph her ... She had a bag with bottles with her. She shouted: “Citizens! You do not stand, do not look, but you need to help fight! This death of mine is my achievement.” After that, one officer swung, while others shouted at her. Then she said: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it's too late, surrender." The officer yelled angrily: "Rus!" “The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated,” she said all this at the moment when she was being photographed ... Then they set up a box. She, without any command, stood on the box herself. A German approached and began to put on a noose. At that time, she shouted: “No matter how much you hang us, you don’t hang everyone, we are 170 million. But our comrades will avenge you for me.” She said this already with a noose around her neck. She wanted to say something else, but at that moment the box was removed from under her feet, and she hung. She grabbed the rope with her hand, but the German hit her on the hands. After that, everyone dispersed.

In the “Corpse Identification Act” dated February 4, 1942, conducted by a commission consisting of representatives of the Komsomol, officers of the Red Army, a representative of the RK VKP (b), the village council and village residents, on the circumstances of death, based on the testimony of eyewitnesses of the search, interrogation and execution, it was established that Komsomol member Kosmodemyanskaya Z.A. before the execution uttered the words of the call: “Citizens! Don't stand, don't look. We must help the Red Army fight, and our comrades will take revenge on the German fascists for my death. The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated." Addressing the German soldiers, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya said: “German soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender. How many of us do not hang, but you do not outweigh everyone, we are 170 million.

The body of Kosmodemyanskaya hung on the gallows for about a month, being repeatedly abused by German soldiers passing through the village. On New Year's Eve, 1942, drunken Germans tore off clothes that had been hung up and once again abused the body, stabbing it with knives and cutting off the chest. The next day, the Germans gave the order to remove the gallows, and the body was buried by local residents outside the village.

Subsequently, Kosmodemyanskaya was reburied at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

A version is widespread (in particular, this was mentioned in the film “Battle for Moscow”), according to which, having learned about the execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, I. Stalin ordered the soldiers and officers of the 332nd Infantry Regiment of the Wehrmacht not to be taken prisoner, but only to be shot. The regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer, was captured by front-line Chekists, convicted and later shot by a court verdict. .

Posthumous recognition of the feat

The fate of Zoya became widely known from the article "Tanya" by Pyotr Lidov, published in the Pravda newspaper on January 27, 1942. The author accidentally heard about the execution in Petrishchev from a witness - an elderly peasant who was shocked by the courage of an unknown girl: “They hung her, and she spoke. They hung her, and she kept threatening them…” Lidov went to Petrishchevo, questioned the residents in detail, and published an article based on their inquiries. Her identity was soon established, Pravda reported in Lidov's February 18 article "Who Was Tanya"; even earlier, on February 16, a decree was signed on awarding her the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

During and after perestroika, in the wake of anti-communist criticism, new information about Zoya also appeared in the press. As a rule, it was based on rumors, not always accurate recollections of eyewitnesses, and in some cases on speculation, which, however, was inevitable in a situation where documentary information that contradicted the official "myth" continued to be kept secret or only just declassified. M. M. Gorinov wrote about these publications that they “some facts of the biography of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya were reflected, which were hushed up in Soviet times, but were reflected, as in a crooked mirror, in a monstrously distorted form”.

Researcher M. M. Gorinov, who published an article about Zoya in the academic journal Otechestvennaya History, is skeptical about the version of schizophrenia, but does not reject the newspaper’s reports at all, but only draws attention to the fact that their statement about suspicion of schizophrenia is expressed in a “streamlined” form.

Version of the betrayal of Vasily Klubkov

In recent years, there is a version that Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was betrayed by her comrade in the detachment, Komsomol organizer Vasily Klubkov. It is based on the materials of the Klubkov case, declassified and published in the Izvestia newspaper in 2000. Klubkov, who appeared at the beginning of 1942 in his unit, stated that he was taken prisoner by the Germans, fled, was captured again, fled again and managed to get to his own. However, during interrogations, he changed his testimony and stated that he was captured along with Zoya and betrayed her, after which he agreed to cooperate with the Germans, was trained at an intelligence school and was sent on a reconnaissance mission.

Specify the circumstances under which you were captured? - Approaching the house I had identified, I broke a bottle of "KS" and threw it away, but it did not catch fire. At this time, I saw two German sentries not far from me and, showing cowardice, ran into the forest, located 300 meters from the village. As soon as I ran into the forest, two German soldiers fell on me, took away my revolver with cartridges, bags with five bottles of "KS" and a bag with provisions, among which there was also a liter of vodka. - What testimony did you give to an officer of the German army? - As soon as they handed me over to the officer, I showed cowardice and said that there were only three of us, naming the names of Krainev and Kosmodemyanskaya. The officer gave some order in German to the German soldiers, they quickly left the house and a few minutes later brought Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Whether they detained Krainev, I don't know. - Were you present at the interrogation of Kosmodemyanskaya? - Yes, I was present. The officer asked her how she set fire to the village. She replied that she did not set fire to the village. After that, the officer began to beat Zoya and demanded evidence, but she categorically refused to give any. In her presence, I showed the officer that this was really Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya, who arrived with me in the village to carry out acts of sabotage, and that she set fire to the southern outskirts of the village. Kosmodemyanskaya did not answer the officer's questions after that either. Seeing that Zoya was silent, several officers stripped her naked and beat her severely with rubber sticks for 2-3 hours, trying to get her to testify. Kosmodemyanskaya told the officers: "Kill me, I won't tell you anything." Then they took her away and I never saw her again.

Klubkov was shot for treason on April 16, 1942. His testimony, as well as the very fact of his presence in the village during Zoya's interrogation, are not confirmed by other sources. In addition, Klubkov's testimony is confused and contradictory: he either says that Zoya, during interrogation with the Germans, called his name, then he says that she did not; declares that he did not know Zoya's last name, and then claims that he called her by her first and last name, etc. Even the village where Zoya died, he calls not Petrishchevo, but "Ashes".

Researcher M. M. Gorinov suggests that Klubkov was forced to slander himself either for career reasons (in order to receive his share of dividends from the unfolding propaganda campaign around Zoya), or from propaganda (in order to "justify" Zoya's capture, unworthy, according to the then ideology, Soviet fighter). However, the version of betrayal was never launched into propaganda circulation.

Awards

• Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union (February 16, 1942) and the Order of Lenin (posthumously).

Memory

Monument at the metro station "Partizanskaya"

The grave of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya at the Novodevichy Cemetery

Museums

monumental art

Monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya near school 201 in Moscow

Monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in the courtyard of school number 54 in Donetsk

Monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in Tambov

• Monument in the village of Osino-Gai, Tambov Region, in the homeland of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Tambov sculptor Mikhail Salychev
• Monument in Tambov on Sovetskaya street. Sculptor Matvey Manizer.
• Bust in the village of Shitkino
• Monument on the platform of the Partizanskaya metro station in Moscow.
• Monument on the Minsk highway near the village of Petrishchevo.
• Memorial plate in the village of Petrishchevo.
• Monument in St. Petersburg in the Moscow Victory Park.
• Monument in Kyiv: square on the corner of the street. Oles Gonchar and st. Bohdan Khmelnytsky
• Monument in Kharkov in " Victory Square" (behind the Mirror Stream Fountain)
• Monument in Saratov on Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya street, near school number 72.
• Monument in Ishimbay near school number 3
• Monument in Bryansk near school number 35
• Bust in Bryansk near school number 56
• Monument in Volgograd (on the territory of school No. 130)
• Monument in Chelyabinsk on Novorossiyskaya street (in the courtyard of school No. 46).
• Monument in Rybinsk on Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya street on the banks of the Volga.
• Monument in the city of Kherson near school number 13.
• A bust near a school in the village of Barmino, Lyskovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
• Bust in Izhevsk at school number 25
• Bust in Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory near gymnasium No. 91
• Monument in Berdsk (Novosibirsk region) near school number 11
• Monument in the village of Bolshie Vyazyomy near the Bolshevyazemskaya gymnasium
• Monument in Donetsk in the courtyard of school number 54
• Monument in Khimki on Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya street.
• Monument in Stavropol near gymnasium No. 12
• Monument in Barnaul near school number 103
• Monument in the Rostov region, p. Tarasovsky, a monument near school number 1.
• Bust in the village of Ivankovo, Yasnogorsk district, Tula region, in the courtyard of the Ivankovo ​​secondary school
• Bust in the village. Tarutino, Odessa region, near the elementary school
• Bust in Mariupol in the courtyard of school number 34
• Bust in Novouzensk, Saratov region near school number 8

Fiction

• Margarita Aliger dedicated the poem Zoya to Zoya. In 1943 the poem was awarded the Stalin Prize.
• Lyubov Timofeevna Kosmodemyanskaya published The Tale of Zoya and Shura. Literary record of Frida Vigdorova.
• Soviet writer Vyacheslav Kovalevsky created a dilogy about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. In the first part, the story "Brother and Sister", the school years of Zoya and Shura Kosmodemyansky are described. The story "Do not be afraid of death! » is dedicated to the activities of Zoya in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War,
• Zoya's poems were dedicated by the Turkish poet Nazim Hikmet and the Chinese poet Ai Qing.
• A. L. Barto poems "Partisan Tanya", "At the monument to Zoya"

Music

Painting

• Kukryniksy. "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" (-)
• Dmitry Mochalsky "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya"
• K. N. Shchekotov "The Last Night (Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya)". 1948-1949. Canvas, oil. 182x170. OOMII them. M. A. Vrubel. Omsk.

Movies

• Zoya is a 1944 film directed by Leo Arnstam.
• In the Name of Life is a 1946 film directed by Alexander Zarkhi and Iosif Kheifits. (There is an episode in this film where the actress plays the role of Zoe in the theater.)
• "Great Patriotic War", film 4th. "Partisans. War behind enemy lines.
• The Battle for Moscow is a 1985 film directed by Yuri Ozerov.

In philately

Other

In honor of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, asteroid No. 1793 Zoya was named, as well as No. 2072 Kosmodemyanskaya (according to the official version, it was named after Lyubov Timofeevna Kosmodemyanskaya, the mother of Zoya and Sasha). Also the village of Kosmodemyansky in the Moscow region, Ruzsky district, and Kosmodemyanskaya secondary school.

In Dnepropetrovsk, the eight-year school No. 48 (now secondary school No. 48) is named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Singer Iosif Kobzon, poets Igor Puppo and Oleg Klimov studied at this school.

In honor of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, the electric train ED2T-0041 was named (assigned to the Alexandrov depot).

In Estonia, Ida Viru County, on the Kurtna lakes, a pioneer camp is named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

In Nizhny Novgorod, school number 37 of the Avtozavodsky district, there is a children's association "Schools", created in honor of Z. A. Kosmodemyanskaya. The students of the school hold ceremonial lines on Zoe's birthday and death.

In Novosibirsk, there is a children's library named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

A tank regiment of the National People's Army of the GDR was named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

In Syktyvkar there is a Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya street.

In Penza there is a street named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

In the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, on the Seversky Donets River, there is a children's camp named after Zoya Komodemyanskaya.

see also

• Kosmodemyansky, Alexander Anatolyevich - brother of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Hero of the Soviet Union
• Voloshina, Vera Danilovna - Soviet intelligence officer, hanged on the same day as Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
• Nazarova, Claudia Ivanovna - organizer and leader of the underground Komsomol organization

Literature

• Great Soviet Encyclopedia . In 30 volumes. Publisher: Soviet Encyclopedia, hardcover, 18240 p., Circulation: 600,000 copies, 1970.
• Folk heroine. (Collection of materials about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya), M., 1943;
• Kosmodemyanskaya L. T., The Tale of Zoya and Shura. Publisher: LENIZDAT, 232 p., Circulation: 75,000 copies. 1951, Publisher: Children's Literature Publishing House, hardcover, 208 p., Circulation: 200000 copies, 1956 M., 1966 Publisher: Children's literature. Moscow, hardcover, 208 pages, circulation: 300,000 copies, 1976 Publisher: LENIZDAT, paperback, 272 pages, circulation: 200,000 copies, 1974 Publisher: Narodnaya asveta, hardcover, 206 pages, circulation: 300,000 copies ., 1978 Publisher: LENIZDAT, soft cover, 256 p., Circulation: 200000 copies, 1984
• Gorinov M. M. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941) // National history. - 2003.
• Savinov E. F. Zoya's comrades: doc. feature article. Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl book. ed., 1958. 104 p.: ill. [About the combat work of the partisan detachment in which Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya fought.]
• You remained alive among the people ...: A book about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya / Compiled by: Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation Valentina Dorozhkina, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation Ivan Ovsyannikov. Photos of Alexey and Boris Ladygin, Anatoly Alekseev, as well as from the funds of the Osinogaevsky and Borshchevsky museums .. - Collection of articles and essays. - Tambov: OGUP "Tambovpoligraphizdat", 2003. - 180 p.

Documentary film

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The truth about the feat" "Studio Third Rome" commissioned by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Russia", 2005

Notes

1. Some sources indicate the erroneous date of birth of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - September 8
2. Motherland magazine: Saint from Aspen Guys
3. Zoya changed her surname in 1930
4. M. M. Gorinov. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya // Domestic History
5. Closing of the church in the village of Osinovye Gai | History of the Tambov diocese: documents, studies, faces
6. G. Naboishchikov. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - Russian Maid of Orleans
7. Senyavskaya E. S."Heroic Symbols: The Reality and Mythology of War"
8. 1941-1942
9. ... The 197th Infantry Division and its 332nd Regiment found their death in two boilers near Vitebsk on June 26-27, 1944: between the villages of Gnezdilovo and Ostrovno and in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bLake Moshno, north of the village of Zamoshenye
10. Mind Manipulation (book)
11. Library - PSIPORTAL
12. Vladimir Lota "About the feat and meanness", "Red Star" February 16, 2002
13. Chapter 7. WHO betrayed ZOYA KOSMODEMYANSKAYA