Theory for Assignment #15 USE 2019 in Russian
The difficulty of this task lies in the fact that the spelling H / HH depends on the part of speech, and there are a number of exceptions that you need to remember.
Work algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully. It is important to look for a word with the number of H that is indicated in the task. Check again before entering your answer on the form.
- Determine the part of speech.
- If you are dealing with adjectives and participles, then the full or short form is important in front of you.
- In accordance with the part of speech and the form of the word, remember the rules and exceptions.
It is important to know about adjectives and participles!
Adjective:
-answers questions (which, which ...) and indicates the sign of the subject.
- can be formed from a noun and from an imperfective verb.
- has a short form, answers the question "what (a, o, s)?"
Participle:
-combines the signs of an adjective and a verb, answers 2 questions: which one? + questions of the sacrament.
- derived from the perfective verb
- has a short form, answers the question: “what is done (a, o, s)?”
-divided into real and passive.
Valid participles(the action is performed by a noun) answer the question: what is the person doing, what is the person doing?
For example: reading person (person himself reads)
Passive participles(action is performed on a noun) answer the questions: what is done, what is done.
For example: read book (someone read the book, i.e. an action is performed on the book.)
How to distinguish a verbal adjective from a participle:
Verbal adjectives- these are adjectives formed from the verbal stem in a suffixal way, retaining only a genetic connection with verbs. (can be replaced by an adjective synonym)
Examples: Tanning, copying (with the suffix -flax). Exclamatory, fortune-telling (with the suffix -teln-th). Experienced, lethargic, burnt (with the suffix -l-th, they go back to the Old Russian participles). Hanging, combustible, rattling, -uch- (-yuch-), go back to the Old Russian participles).
Participatory formations, (also referred to as adjectives), i.e., participles that have lost their aspect-temporal and pledge meanings, as well as verb control (adjective participles). Boiled, faceted, gifted, tattered, fried.
Communions
1) retain their verbality (can be replaced with a construction with a verb)
2) can be formed from perfective verbs
3) can have dependent words as opposed to adjectives.
Н, НН in suffixes of adjectives and participles
1. In denominative adjectives (formed from nouns), which are not based on -n, and in non-derivative adjectives;Anniversary-anniversaryBlue; green-en-, -yan-, -in-:Sand-sandyleather-leatherExc: pewter, glass, wood |
1. In denominative adjectives with a base on -n;sleep - sleepyLength - long2. In denominative adjectives with suffixes-enn- , -he N-art-artificial,Lecture-lectureMorning-morning |
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3. In adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without prefixes, except Not-) and dependent wordsTo paint (hl HB without prefix) - paintedscare - frightenedcalled-calledTheir spelling does not change as part of compound words (plain-colored, fresh-frozen, but plain-colored, because there is a prefix o)Ex: desired, done, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, sacred, cutesy, slow, long-awaited, awake, cursed |
3. In participles formed from perfective verbs, with prefixes (except Not-) and/or with dependent words:Painted (but: unpainted), painted (with what?) with oil paint;Broken (but: unworn), worn (by whom?) suit by brotherExcl: named brother, planted father, smart child, bride's dowry, forgiveness Sunday, finished man In some non-prefixed participles formed from perfective verbs:Given, abandoned, bought, decided, deprived |
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4. In short participles:Sown - sown (a, o, s)Reflected - reflected (a, o, s) |
4. In full participles (adjectives) into -ovanny, -ovanny:Pampered, scrapedExcl: forged, chewed |
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5. In short adjectives, if there was one in full -n-young girl - young girlGreen trees - trees are green |
In short adjectives, if there were full ones -nn-Valuable thing - valuable thingLong road - the road is long |
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Remember. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same amount of -n- is written as it was in the word from which they were formed:Task 15 of the Unified State Examination in Russian opens a block of tasks on punctuation and tests your ability to see syntactic constructions and correctly punctuate. To correctly complete this task, you need to be able to distinguish between simple and complex sentences, as well as correctly place commas in sentences with homogeneous members. Task Formulation Set up punctuation marks. Give two sentences that require put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences. 1) In 1856, the first edition was published in the German city of Karlsruhe. poem "Demon" by the former lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment M.Yu. Lermontov and in the same year in Omsk in the family of the staff captain of the same Tenginsky infantry regiment A.M. Vrubel's son was born - the future artist Mikhail 2) Many canvases by I.K. Aivazovsky are perceived as musical or poetic improvisation. 3) For the first time in such a long war years, a sonorous children's laughter and crashed into the air creak rusted from the rain 4) With the Decembrist poets of the composer A.A. Alyabyev was tied up as general views and many circumstances of life and difficult personal 5) In the Meshchersky region, the sources of rivers and springs and groves and In this task we will meet coordinating conjunctions, which can connect both homogeneous members of a sentence, and simple sentences as part of a compound one. Consider different variants of simple sentences with homogeneous members.
Compound sentence 1. A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence. A lot was written about the new film, and we decided to watch it. It froze, and by morning the trees were covered with frost. The roar died away in the distance, and for a long time afterward no sound was heard. 2. Unions And can occur in one complex sentence, but play different roles: combine homogeneous members and simple sentences as part of a compound sentence. [The sky and the distance are covered with darkness], and [the autumn wind brings sadness]. [Early morning is in full swing], and [breathes like spring easily and joyfully]. 3. Comma between parts of a complex sentence not put, if both simple sentences have a common secondary member, a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause. On the square people roared and music played. In the cold days of May At last the bird cherry blossomed and the starlings arrived. Obviously, the tasks were difficult and we were not ready. Seems, the temperature rises and the throat begins to hurt. When we woke up it was already light and music was playing outside. Let's do the task: 1) the first edition of the poem was published, and a son was born (complex sentence); 2) musical or poetic improvisations (homogeneous members of a sentence with a single union OR); Note: in this sentence, the union HOW met. But the task tests your ability to put signs with coordinating unions (they are listed above). In all other cases, the signs in the sentences are correct, do not "improve" the sentences! 3) laughter was heard and a creak crashed (complex sentence); but there are common secondary members: for the first time in such long war years from the park; 4) both general views and circumstances of life (double union AS ..., SO AND) 5) the sources of rivers, and springs, and groves, and oak forests (the union And is repeated). The fifteenth task of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language involves testing students' knowledge of the rules of punctuation of the Russian language. For the correct completion of this task, you can get as many as two primary points, so you need to prepare well for it. The theoretical material below can help with this. Theory for assignment No. 15 USE in the Russian languagePunctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence
Punctuation in compound sentences
Task execution algorithm
Analysis of typical options for task No. 15 USE in the Russian languageFifteenth task of the 2018 demoSet up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
Task execution algorithm:
Answer: 2, 4. The first version of the assignment
Task execution algorithm:
Answer: 2, 4. The second version of the taskSet up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
Task execution algorithm:
Answer: 2, 5. The third version of the taskSet up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
Task execution algorithm:
Theory "Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech"Spelling Н and НН in nounsNN is written:
N is written: Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominative adjectives (formed from a noun)NN is written:
N is written: Spelling Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participlesNN is written:
N is written: Spelling H and HH in adverbsIn adverbs, as many n are written as they are written in the word from which the adverb is formed. For example: accidentally (unintentionally), confused (confused), windy (windy)
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