Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, from an early age he showed himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University noble boarding school. At the age of eleven, he was already a student at Moscow University (verbal department). Having become a candidate of verbal sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in hostilities. With the rank of cornet, Griboedov in 1815 served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy "Young Spouses", which was a translation of a French play, the article "On the Cavalry Reserves", "Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. Working in the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing for himself, makes translations, joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at dramaturgy, writing the comedies "Own Family" and "Student".

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the post of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed his further biography. The expulsion to a foreign land of Alexander Sergeevich was regarded as a punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. Staying in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was really painful for the beginning writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov's new place of service, and General A.P. Yermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy Woe from Wit. The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboedov left the Caucasus on leave for his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, whose path to fame turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to the prohibition of censorship and diverged in handwritten lists. Only small fragments "slip" into the press: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the Russian Thalia almanac. The brainchild of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to his service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the case of the Decembrists, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer's name came up several times during interrogations, and during searches, handwritten copies of his comedy were found. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboyedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay peace treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his merits, the talented diplomat was granted a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw a "political exile", plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart in June 1828, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to the place of service, for several months he lived in Tiflis, where in August he was married to 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On February 11, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal mob, and A.S. became one of its victims. Griboyedov, who was mutilated to such an extent that they were later identified only by a characteristic scar on his arm. The body was taken to Tiflis, where the grotto at the church of St. David became its last refuge.

1. Childhood
2. Education
3. Military service
4. Life in the capital
5. In the Caucasus
6. Return
7. Connection with the Decembrists
8. last years of life
9. Biography score

Bonus

• Chronological table
• Other biography options
• Interesting Facts
• Biography test

Childhood

On January 15 (4), 1790 (according to some sources, 1795), Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born in Moscow into the family of a retired major. The biography of this man is full of secrets and mysteries. Even the exact date of his birth is unknown. The father of the future writer was a man of little education. The mother, who was a famous pianist and noble lady, was engaged in raising children. Thanks to her, the writer received an excellent home education.

Education

Griboyedov was lucky from childhood with teachers and educators. His tutors were Petrozilius and Bogdan Ivanovich Ion, talented and famous people. Therefore, already in childhood, the future playwright knew several foreign languages, learned to play the piano. In 1802 he entered the Moscow University boarding school. Professor Bule is following his further education. The young man studies well, receives awards and at the age of 13 becomes a candidate of verbal sciences.

Even as a student, he began to get involved in literature, was a regular participant in literary meetings. At the same time, the first compositions of Griboyedov were written.

However, the most interesting facts of the writer's biography are hidden in the mature years of his life.

Military service

Rather strange was the decision of a brilliantly educated young man to choose a military career. In 1812, with the outbreak of the Patriotic War, Griboyedov's life changed a lot. He joined the regiment of Count Saltykov. Alexander Sergeevich never managed to take part in hostilities, and he is retiring.

Life in the capital

In 1817, he entered the service of the St. Petersburg State College of Foreign Affairs. Passion for literature and theater brings Griboyedov closer to many famous people. He meets Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. Having entered the Masonic lodge, he communicates with Pestel, Chaadaev, Benckendorff. Intrigues, gossip of secular society overshadowed this period of life. The shaken financial situation forced the writer to leave the service.

In the Caucasus

Since 1818, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov has served as a secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia. Being responsible for public service, he simultaneously studies languages ​​and literature about the culture of the East. As part of the Russian mission in 1819, Griboyedov continued to serve in Tabriz. For successful negotiations with the Persians, as a result of which it was possible to free the captured Russian soldiers, he was presented with an award. A successful diplomatic career does not prevent the writer from doing what he loves. It was here that the first pages of the immortal comedy "Woe from Wit" were written.

Return

In 1823 Griboyedov came to Moscow and continued to work on the comedy. To print his work, the writer goes to St. Petersburg. But disappointment awaited him: he could not publish the comedy in full or put it on the stage of the theater. Readers admired the work, but this did not suit Alexander Sergeevich.

Connection with the Decembrists

To escape from sad thoughts, Griboyedov travels to Kyiv. Meeting with friends (Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev) led him to the camp of the Decembrists. For participation in the uprising, he was arrested and spent six months in prison.

last years of life

The defeat of the Decembrist uprising, the tragic fate of his comrades had a detrimental effect on Griboyedov's state of mind. He anticipates his death and constantly talks about it.

In 1826, the government needed an experienced diplomat, as relations between Russia and Turkey were aggravated. A great writer was appointed to this position.

On the way to his destination in Tiflis, Alexander Sergeevich marries the young princess Chavchavadze.

His happiness was short lived. Griboedov's death overtook soon after his arrival in Tehran. On January 30 (February 11), 1829, the Russian embassy was attacked. Heroically defending himself, the writer died.

A brief biography of Griboyedov is not able to give a complete picture of the life of the great writer. During his short life, he created several works: "Student", "Young Spouses", "Feigned Infidelity". However, his most famous work is the comedy in verse "Woe from Wit". Griboyedov's work is not great, many plans were not destined to come true, but his name will remain forever in the memory of the people.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 into a wealthy noble family. A man of exceptional talents, Alexander Griboedov knew how to play the piano brilliantly, composed music himself, and knew more than five foreign languages. The Russian figure graduated from the Moscow University noble boarding school (1803), and then three departments of Moscow University.

Griboyedov served in military service with the rank of cornet from 1812 to 1816, after which he began to realize himself in the journalistic and literary fields. Among his first works are the comedy The Young Spouses, which he translated from French, and Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher. In 1817, Griboyedov joined the United Friends Masonic organization and held the post of provincial secretary in the public service. Griboyedov continues to write, the comedy Student and Feigned Infidelity are added to his work. At the same time, the gifted figure met Alexander Pushkin and his entourage.

Griboedov traveled to Persia twice on behalf of the government - in 1818 and 1820. Service in the east weighed heavily on him, and Griboedov moved to Georgia. During this period, work begins on the most famous work - "Woe from Wit".

In 1826, the Russian writer was accused of belonging to the Decembrists. Griboyedov stayed under investigation for about 6 months. But it was not possible to prove his involvement in the conspiracy, and Griboyedov received his freedom.

In 1828, he marries Nina Chavchavadze, but their marriage was short-lived: Alexander Sergeevich was killed by a rebellious crowd on January 30, 1829, during the visit of the Russian embassy to Tehran.

Biography 2

A great writer, competent diplomat, musician and composer, this is not a complete list of Alexander Griboedov's merits. An inquisitive boy of noble origin. The best scientists of that time were engaged in his upbringing and training.

Sasha's abilities knew no bounds, he easily mastered six foreign languages. From childhood he played musical instruments, wrote poetry.

He really wanted to prove himself in combat conditions, and he enrolled in a regiment of hussars, but the war with Napoleon had already begun to end, much to the chagrin of Alexander. So he did not manage to participate in hostilities.

Mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, saw her son as an official, but Griboedov did not want to serve at all, it seemed to him a boring thing. At this time, he became interested in theater and literature, writing comedies. Young and hot, he soon gets into an unpleasant story, becomes a second. Duels at that time were not only forbidden, for participation in them one could go to prison. Anastasia Fedorovna did a lot to save her son from imprisonment. And he had to leave Russia and go to Persia.

Being in foreign lands, Alexander was very bored. After some time, he achieves a transfer to Georgia. Here he begins to write his famous comedy. At the same time, he writes poetry, plays and continues to make music.

Alexander Griboyedov was not only familiar with Ivan Krylov, he read Woe from Wit to him. The great fabulist liked the work, but he said with regret that the censors would not let him through. This turned out to be true. Moreover, the play was not only forbidden to be staged in the theater. But also print. It had to be secretly copied.

Soon Alexander returned to the Caucasus, where he continued to serve in Yermolov's headquarters. At this time there was an uprising of the Decembrists. Griboyedov falls under suspicion and is arrested.

Before the last time to go on a diplomatic mission to the capital of Iran, Alexander got married. The happiness of the young did not last long, only a few weeks. Going on a business trip again, no one could have thought that it would be the last.

It took half a century for people to start talking about Griboyedov and his role as a writer's diplomat and just a human being.

Option 3

A.S. Griboyedov is an outstanding Russian playwright, poet, composer and pianist. He was considered one of the smartest and most educated people of his time. He did a lot of useful things for Russia in the diplomatic field.

He was born in 1795. He was a representative of an old wealthy family. Mother, a sharp and domineering woman, loved her son very much. He answered her the same. However, conflicts often arose between them.

Alexander's ability to learn manifested itself in childhood. Already at the age of six he could freely communicate in 3 foreign languages, and by his youth he mastered 6 languages. At first he received an excellent home education under the guidance of experienced tutors, then he was enrolled in the Moscow University boarding school. Further, after graduating from the verbal department of the philosophical faculty of Moscow University, at the age of thirteen he received a Ph.D. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he received a PhD in law at the age of 15.

Interested in mathematics and natural sciences, he not only diligently attended lectures, but also took private lessons from some scientists, because he wanted to get a doctorate in science. He also managed to engage in literary work, but, unfortunately, his early works have not been preserved.

In 1812 Because of the beginning of the Patriotic War, Griboyedov left his studies, studies in literature and, under the influence of patriotic ideas, signed up for the hussars. But he did not have a chance to fight, since his regiment was sent to the rear. Soon, Alexander was appointed adjutant to the commander and transferred to Brest-Litovsk.

In 1814 published his articles for the first time. Starts writing for the theatre. In 1815 resigns, and after 2 years enters the civil service in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

Living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov takes an active part in the activities of the literary and theatrical circle. Writes and publishes several comedies.

In 1818 receives an appointment as secretary of the Russian mission in Iran. Maintains travel notes. In Tiflis, he shoots with A.I. Yakubovich. After this duel, he forever left a mutilated finger on his left hand.

In Iran, he is busy with the release of captured Russian soldiers and personally accompanies their detachment to their homeland. In 1820 begins work on the play "Woe from Wit".

Since 1822 to 1823 serves under General Yermolov. He writes musical vaudeville, which premiered in 1824. Leaves the service. He is busy with printing and staging Woe from Wit on stage, but to no avail.

Viktor Golyakin is a man who possessed many unique skills, a man who succeeded in many branches of art, who made a huge contribution to the development of the infrastructure of his country, a contribution to the development of painting

Brief biography of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

The great Russian writer, poet, composer, playwright and diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. According to contemporaries, the future writer was a very attentive, thoughtful child who developed very quickly.

Griboyedov's education began at the age of eight at the Noble Boarding School. When he was eleven (!) years old, he entered the university (in 1806). When he was fifteen years old, the future playwright, author of the famous comedy "", received the title of candidate of verbal sciences. Nevertheless, Griboyedov was very eager for knowledge, and continued his studies, first at the law, and then at the physics and mathematics departments of Moscow University.

At this time, Griboedov was very fond of literature, constantly present at all literary meetings and conferences. This played a big role in Griboedov's biography, he formed his preferences and worldviews. In addition, at the same time as literature, he began to get involved in history. It was at this time that Griboyedov began to write his first literary works.

In 1812, a terrible year for Russia, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for a hussar regiment under the command of Count Saltykov.

In 1826, Griboyedov was arrested. The police suspect him of having close ties with the participants and organizers of the Decembrist uprising. The writer is acquitted, and he leaves for Turkey, serving as a diplomat in the St. Petersburg Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

Need to remember information? Save -

Russian playwright, diplomat and composer Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born on January 15 (4 according to the old style) 1795 (according to other sources - 1790) in Moscow. He belonged to a noble family, received a serious home education.

In 1803, Alexander Griboyedov entered the Moscow University noble boarding school, in 1806 - at Moscow University. In 1808, having graduated from the verbal department with the title of candidate, he continued to study at the ethical and political department.

He spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Latin, and later mastered Arabic, Persian, and Turkish.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov left his academic studies and joined the Moscow hussar regiment as a cornet.

At the beginning of 1816, having retired, he settled in St. Petersburg and entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.

Leading a secular lifestyle, he moved in the theatrical and literary circles of St. Petersburg. He wrote the comedies "Young Spouses" (1815), "His Family, or a Married Bride" (1817) in collaboration with playwrights Alexander Shakhovsky and Nikolai Khmelnitsky, "Student" (1817) together with the poet and playwright Pavel Katenin.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the Russian mission to Persia (now Iran). Not the last role in this kind of exile was played by his participation as a second in the duel of the chamber junker Alexander Zavadsky with officer Vasily Sheremetev, which ended in the death of the latter.

Since 1822, Griboyedov in Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Georgia) served as secretary for diplomatic affairs under the commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, General Alexei Yermolov.

In Tiflis, the first and second acts of Griboedov's famous comedy "Woe from Wit" were written. The third and fourth acts were written in the spring and summer of 1823 on vacation in Moscow and on the estate of his close friend retired colonel Stepan Begichev near Tula. By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed, and Griboedov traveled to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission for its publication and theatrical production. Only excerpts published in 1825 by Faddey Bulgarin in the anthology "Russian Thalia" could be passed through censorship. Griboedov's creation was distributed among the reading public in handwritten lists and became an event in Russian culture.

Griboedov also composed pieces of music, among which two waltzes for piano are popular. He played the piano, organ and flute.

In the autumn of 1825 Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus. At the beginning of 1826, he was arrested and taken to St. Petersburg to investigate alleged connections with the Decembrists, the instigators of the uprising in the capital on December 14, 1825. Many of the conspirators were close friends of Griboedov, but in the end he was acquitted and released.

Upon returning to the Caucasus in the autumn of 1826, he took part in several battles of the Russian-Persian war that had begun (1826-1828). Having brought to St. Petersburg the documents of the Turkmenchay peace treaty with Persia in March 1828, Griboedov was awarded and was appointed minister plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Persia.

On his way to Persia, he stopped for a while in Tiflis, where in August 1828 he married 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of the Georgian poet, Prince Alexander Chavchavadze.

In Persia, among other things, the Russian minister was involved in sending captive subjects of Russia home. The appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who fell into the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for the reprisal against the diplomat.

Reactionary circles in Tehran, dissatisfied with the peace with Russia, set the fanatical crowd on the Russian mission.

On February 11 (January 30, old style), 1829, during the defeat of the Russian mission in Tehran, Alexander Griboyedov was killed.

Together with the Russian ambassador, all the staff of the embassy were killed, except for the secretary Ivan Maltsev, and the Cossacks of the embassy convoy - a total of 37 people.

The ashes of Griboyedov were in Tiflis and interred on Mount Mtatsminda in a grotto at the Church of St. David. The tombstone crowns a monument in the form of a weeping widow with the inscription: "Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?"

Griboyedov's son, baptized Alexander, died before he lived a day. Nina Griboedova never married again and never took off her mourning clothes, for which she was called the Black Rose of Tiflis. In 1857, she died of cholera after refusing to leave her sick relatives. She was buried next to her only husband.

Persia paid for the death of the Russian ambassador with rich gifts, including the famous Shah diamond, which is kept in the collection of the Diamond Fund of Russia.

Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit was staged in Moscow in 1831 and published in 1833. Her images have become common nouns, individual poems - sayings and winged words.

A canal and a garden were named after Griboyedov in St. Petersburg. In 1959, a monument to the writer was erected on Pioneer Square.

In 1959, a monument to Alexander Griboedov was erected in Moscow at the beginning of Chistoprudny Boulevard.

In 1995, the State Historical, Cultural and Natural Museum-Reserve of A.S. Griboyedov "Khmelita" is the family estate of the Griboyedovs, with which the childhood and early youth of the playwright are connected.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources