There are a number of works in Russian literature that truthfully describe the terrible front-line everyday life of the Great Patriotic War. These works can be safely attributed to the story "Sasha", the analysis of which we want to carry out with the help of reasoning in this article. In this story there are no grandiloquent words that would glorify the Russian soldier and the exploits of the people. Vyacheslav Kondratyev did not set out to reflect the valiant victories of the soldiers here, although it must be noted that the author is a front-line writer, so his view is especially impartial, and the events are presented exactly as they actually happened. So, let's analyze the story "Sasha" by Kondratiev.
What is the story about
Let's highlight the main theme of the work "Sasha". The author showed the daily life of ordinary soldiers, their work and courage on the battlefields. It is important to know that Kondratiev went to the front at the end of 1941, and fought in a rifle brigade that fought in fierce battles near Rzhev, protecting the city. Having been wounded, he was awarded a medal. Of course, his memories and impressions of that terrible time formed the basis of his work.
In order to make a more accurate analysis of the story "Sashka", one must understand that Kondratiev began writing his work not immediately after returning from the front and not a year or two later, but much later, when the author had already reached adulthood. In 1979, the text of the story was published in the journal "Friendship of Peoples", and this is a year before the sixtieth birthday of the writer.
And here's what's interesting: years passed, and Kondratyev could not completely distract himself from his memories of his comrades with whom he happened to defend Rzhev in 1942 for a single night. Trying to find one of them, he failed, after which he began to think that perhaps no one else survived except him. He began to reread various works about the war years, about battles at the front, but could not find the whole truth that would touch him to the core. And then Vyacheslav Kondratiev took up the pen himself.
Analysis of the story "Sasha"
The events that the author describes in the story take place in the spring, when winter has just begun to recede. Still cold and wet. Sashka, who is the main character of the work, appears to the reader as an ordinary ordinary soldier who is thrown to the front line next to Rzhev. A month of battles are over, and Sasha is already completely used to it. The Germans are advancing over and over again, the Soviet guys are getting harder. There are always not enough shells, there is a lot of tension with bread, and you even often have to walk around in wet clothes and shoes, because there is nowhere to dry them.
It should be noted that Vyacheslav Kondratiev managed to convey the smallest details of military life in his work. When we focus on the analysis of the story "Sashka", it is immediately clear that the author wants to convey the main idea: a person should not lose conscience, honor and courage, no matter how hard it is for him, and no matter what circumstances he finds himself in.
This article presented a brief analysis of the story "Sashka" by Vyacheslav Kondratyev, we hope that it helped you get a general idea of the book and understand the main goal of the author. In our blog you will find many similar articles with analyzes of works and characteristics of characters.
Year of Literature
SUBJECT: « LIFE IN WAR"
(Based on the novel by V. Kondratiev "Sashka")
The purpose of the lesson: Analyze the story of Kondratiev "Sasha"
Lesson objectives:
1. to reveal the specifics of the image of the war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story of V. Kondratiev; to prove the main idea of the writer: even in inhuman conditions, a person must save his soul, not tarnish his conscience, remain a man;
2. develop a culture of reader's perception of a literary text, understanding of the author's position; figurative and analytical thinking (the ability to analyze the episode, explain its connection with the problematic of the work, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing, generalize);
3. educate a spiritually developed personality, form a humanistic worldview, national identity, a sense of patriotism.
Lesson plan:
1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
2. Messages from students.
· V. Kondratiev - writer-front-line soldier.
· Reading a poem by A. Tvardovsky "I was killed near Rzhev ...".
3. Analysis of the story.
· Artistic details that recreate the picture of the war.
Sasha as a person and a fighter.
· Three trials.
6. Summing up.
7. Homework.
War - there is no crueler word.
War - there is no sadder word.
War - there is no holier word ...
DURING THE CLASSES.
I . Introductory speech of the teacher .
The volleys of the Great Patriotic War have long died down.
But we will be arguing about this war, opening new pages in the history of this terrible war, getting acquainted with honest and talented books about it for a long time to come.
admitted that each time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you and what new things can you tell about life?
So what kind of person is Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev? What's new about the Great Patriotic War, he told us in his story "Sasha"?
II . Student messages.
1). V. Kondratiev is a front-line writer.
Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev came to literature quite late, many years after the war, in the late 70s.
He was born in 1923. In 1939, from the first year of the institute, he joined the army, served in the Far East.
In December 1941, among the junior commanders, he was sent to the front, in 1942 he was near Rzhev, where the fighting was especially difficult, and our losses were especially numerous. We can judge the severity of those battles by the fact that at first he was an assistant platoon commander, then a platoon commander, and then he took over a company - and all this in just one week.
Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, such as Alexander Tvardovsky wrote about in the poem "I was killed near Rzhev ...".
2). Reading an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky's poem "I was killed near Rzhev ..."(from the beginning - to the words: "... for the dead are cursed - this punishment is terrible").
Vyacheslav Kondratiev was not killed, he got wounded and the medal "For Courage". After a vacation due to a wound, the front was again, serving in the railway troops, in intelligence. At the end of the 43rd - a serious wound, six months in the hospital, and after - demobilization due to disability.
“I didn’t reach Berlin, but I did my job in the war”, - so ends the story of Konstantin Simonov about the military fate of the front-line writer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev.
(Simonov K. "Good luck, Sashka" - "Friendship of Peoples", 1979, No. 2)
Teacher:
Vyacheslav Kondratiev prefaces his story as follows: “To all those who fought near Rzhev - the living and the dead - this story is dedicated”
We will talk about the story of V. Kondratiev "Sasha" today in the lesson,
III . Analysis of the story "Sasha".
1. Two months on the front line. Life of war.
QUESTION: Name the essential artistic details, paintings, facts with the help of which the author draws a true, reliable picture of the battles near Rzhev.
1) “And the night floated over the front line, as usual. Rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there with a bluish light, and then with a spike, already extinguished, they went down to the ground torn apart by shells and mines ... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracers, sometimes silence was blown up by machine-gun bursts or distant artillery cannonade ... As usual…»
(We are talking about terrible things, a terrible picture is drawn, and for the hero all this is a normal, familiar state (“as usual”). “Sashka is already used to this, he got used to it ...”).
2) "The villages they took stood as if dead, there was no movement in them. Only flocks of nasty howling mines, rustling shells flew from there, and tracer threads stretched. From alive they only saw tanks, which, counterattacking, fired at us, rumbling with engines and pouring machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snowy field ... Well, our forty-five yelped, drove away the Fritz.
(War is war, and it only brings death, a strange combination - "live tanks").
3) “It’s bad with bread. No Navaru. Half a pot of liquid millet for two - and be healthy.
4) “In the middle of the patch crowded them beaten-killed company near the political instructor wounded in the leg.
5) “The fact that you have to touch a dead body did not bother him - they got used to the corpses. Scattered throughout the grove ... "
6) “... how it howled overhead, it rustled, and then explosions rumbled all over the grove, and it went ... And the shelling was great - mines burst one after another, in batches, as if some hefty machine-gunner was scribbling a line ... I looked back, and it really was happening there terrible - gaps all over the forest, clods of earth are thrown up, trees uprooted are falling.
7) “Although there is nothing there - no shelters, no trenches, no cracks, only huts, - but got used to it (the grove), like a dear home ... "
8) “... felt ... a pulling sensation from the inside voids in the stomach, which took them all several times a day.
9) “Sashka himself knows that it’s bad, but he doesn’t have the strength to bury the guys, no ... After all, he can’t dig a trench for himself, alive.”
10) - “How many people did you have in your company? the captain asked.
- One hundred fifty…
- How much is left?
- Sixteen…"
(In 2 months, out of every ten people, nine died!)
11) “At night, after their very first offensive, the Germans fired on the rear, and twelve of his fellow soldiers from the Far East were buried under this shed. And the guys didn’t reach the front end, but they were all young, Sasha’s same-year-olds. The shed still smells like a corpse.”
12) " No trenches, no dugouts the first one didn't have water all around. Even small craters from mines are filled with it, and huddled beaten-killed V huts. Only the company commander had thin dugout dug out on a hillock, but there is water up to the knee in it.
(The miserable words - "hut", "trench", "dugout" emphasize the precariousness, insecurity of the situation).
13) “... I knew for sure that there would be no meetings with many of those who remained here, and which of them would stay here, on this Rzhevskaya, earth swollen with blood, this is fate ... "
CONCLUSION: The author paints a terrible true picture of the battles: the troops suffered monstrous losses, the survivors did not have the strength and opportunity to bury the dead, so the corpses were lying everywhere; the soldiers had nowhere to rest, dry off, they were starving; there were not enough weapons, ammunition, equipment. The author shows the "routine" of extreme situations.
2. Sasha as a person and a fighter.
1). In what episodes Sasha is revealed with special power like a man and a fighter? State the motives behind his actions.
1). Sasha gets boots for the company commander.
(“For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, damn these boots! But it's a pity for the commander. His pims were soaked through with water - and you won’t dry out over the summer ...”)
2). The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun.
(“But then his PPSh company will not get it ... Yes, it would be necessary to say goodbye to the guys and the company commander ...”)
3). Sasha leads the orderlies to the seriously wounded.
(“... he knows, you can’t drag these San-Vzvodov’s men to the front with a lasso. They will return and say that they didn’t find, they say, or that he was already wounded. Who will check them? .. But he gave his word. To the dying - the word!”)
4). The story of a captured German.
(“Sashka saw a lot of deaths during this time - live to be 100 years old, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind.”)
5). The story of Zina
(“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, recalling again all their conversations and imagining her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is beyond the jurisdiction ... Just a war ... And he has no evil on her.")
6). Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodka.
(“Well, what’s the demand from me, an ordinary vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”)
7). Episode with Pasha.
(“Here, Pasha,” said Sashka. “We met by chance and didn’t spend a day together, but I’ll remember you all my life ...
- Stop pouring something! I know you...
- No, really, Pasha. I don't like to lie..."
"It's like I'm leaving home...
- You got it, you mean?
- That's not the point ... A good woman is very, cordial. Invited to stay for a week...
- I guessed. What are you?
“There’s no need for this ... - Sasha answered in thought ...”)
2). Why were these events chosen from the entire front-line life of their hero?
(These episodes reveal Sasha's personality from different angles, as if he is being tested for endurance, for humanity, for fidelity in friendship, in love, tests of power, unlimited power over another person.)
3. Three tests.
Teacher: V. Kondratiev led his hero "through trials of power, love and friendship." How did Sasha survive these tests?
1) The story with the German ("test by power").
a) Concise summary.
(Sashka ran into German reconnaissance (when he got boots for the company), rushed to the grove to warn his own, and ran into the company commander, who gave the order to retreat beyond the ravine. The Nazis captured the "tongue" and began to hastily retreat. German mines flew: the Germans they wanted to cut off their reconnaissance from ours. Sasha broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. Sasha shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands: he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But how many guys were killed for "language"! Sashka did not hesitate for a minute, but at the same time he does not consider himself a hero, when the company commander asks how it happened, he replies: "But the jester knows him. Durik."
The company commander interrogates the German to no avail, then orders Sashka to take the German to headquarters. On the way, Sashka tells the German that they do not shoot prisoners in our country, and promises him life. The battalion commander, not having obtained any information from the German, orders him to be shot. Sasha disobeys orders.)
1. Why doesn't Sasha obey the order?
(It would not be difficult for Sasha to kill a German in battle ("That's when they rose from under the hill - gray, terrible, some kind of non-humans - they were enemies, "" Sashka would shoot these arsonists mercilessly if they were caught"). The same German was a prisoner, unarmed, he could not shoot him, as he promised to save his life (“We are not you. There are no prisoners we shoot”, “he is not the kind to mock the prisoner and unarmed”).
Between two soldiers - Russian and German - human relations are established: both wash and clean themselves before coming to headquarters; the German treats Sasha with cigarettes; Sashka addresses the prisoner differently than at first (not “fascist”, but “fritz”, more neutrally, because Fritz is a German name); Sasha already wants to talk to him, ask about life, it's a pity he doesn't know German.
Sashka saw in the prisoner not just an enemy, but another person: “... when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sasha an ordinary person, the same soldier as he, only dressed in a different uniform, only fooled and deceived ... That's why he could talk to them as human beings, take cigarettes, smoke together…”).
Sasha has very strong moral principles: if he gave his word, he must keep it (“Sashka saw a lot, a lot of deaths during this time - live up to a hundred years, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind”).
2). At what moment did the thought flash through with a "second flash" to carry out the order of the battalion commander?
(When the battalion commander without an overcoat and a hat walked with Tolik to the ashes, near which Sashka and the prisoner were, "Sasha turned pale, cringed, drenched his body with icy sweat, his heart sank ... and with a second flash flashed - well, what if ... slap the German now and run to the captain: “Your order has been fulfilled ...” And all the confusion was removed from the soul ... And, ... just turning to the German, I saw Sashka, he read this thought for a second, his eyes covered with a veil of death ... No, I can’t ... And when I decided irrevocably, it seemed to become calmer, only this peace is dead ... ")
3). When Sashka was leading the German to the battalion headquarters, at one moment he became afraid. Why?
(“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either faints, then he enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters alive Sashka even somehow felt uneasy... But the German didn't know what kind of person Sashka was, that he wasn't the kind to mock the prisoner and the unarmed... his almost unlimited power over another person”).
4). What is the position of Tolik, the liaison battalion commander?
(Tolik's motto: “Our business is calf ... Ordered - fulfilled!”
Trying on the watch of a German who has not yet been killed ("... grabbed the watch on his hand with a tenacious glance and did not let go").
Ready to bargain with Sasha so as not to miss the "trophy" (“... I would give you a loaf of blackies ... for a watch ... I can buy a pack in addition.”)
The commander, for example, behaves quite differently: “The company commander took the lighter, struck it, lit it and gave fire to Sasha ... He turned the lighter around, examining it, and handed it back to the German.”
He doesn’t have a “barrier, barrier” in his soul, like Sasha’s, he, without hesitation and without suffering the pangs of conscience, would have shot an unarmed (“... if he doesn’t split - against the wall! ... Why mess around with him? Once he is silent, he is dear there”).
Sasha understands that "Tolik loves to boast, but he is a weakling."
Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.)
5). What spiritual qualities of Sasha are manifested in this episode?
(active kindness; active humanism; firmness of moral principles; attitude to life as the highest value; fear of unlimited power over another person; great sense of responsibility for everything, even for things for which he could not be responsible).
6). What is the moral issue of this part of the story?
(- Problems of humanism, truth, moral choice, values
Power issue: power as a right and power as a responsibility).
d) Teacher: In a case from life that formed the basis of the story, the finale of the story with the prisoner ended more tragically: the commander did not cancel his order, and the prisoner of war was shot, and the person who followed the order (and later told this story to Kondratiev) tormented all his life: was he right? entered?
2) Relationship with Zina (“test by love”).
1). What does Zina mean in Sasha's life?
(Sashka saved Zina's life when he covered her with his body during the bombing. This is his first love. He is so looking forward to meeting! But on the front line, he does not allow himself to think about her, because the war, and anything can happen, because “We got used to living at the front for an hour, or even a minute.”
On the way to the hospital, when the terrible tension of the front line gradually lets go, when joy floods into his soul that he is alive, Sashka allows himself to think about Zina, a sister from the sanrota. He was worried about how they would meet, because after all, 2 months had passed. And they had nothing, only kissed a few times. But at parting, he realized that he had no one closer and dearer to him, that he was ready to do everything for this girl in an overcoat, if only she would feel good and calm.
And then, on the offensive, he imagined that he was going to defend her, Zina, who promised to wait for him, and it became easier for him.
But, while waiting for Zina, he thinks about his company all the time: she will again tremble in huts, and “someone will certainly be slapped today”, “and he is vaguely and kind of ashamed that he is here, and they are there.”
When he finds out about the party, it makes him angry: “What dancing! You lie, Zina! It can’t be!” and “it even shook him.” He says sternly: “You see, you can’t do this ... Have fun it’s impossible when all the fields are in ours!” Even in the rear, he cannot live according to other laws than the laws of the front line.
When meeting with Zina in the evening, Sashka caught that "in the caresses of the Zinins more pity ... and the words she said were all miserable: dear, stupid, poor thing ... Maybe out of pity she decided on everything, and even because she considers herself to be indebted to him for life.
It seems to him that their love with Zina will be as short as a rocket flash: “It won’t burn for long, it won’t have time to warm it up properly and ... it will go out - the war will separate them in different directions.”)
2). Why did Zina go to the party anyway?
(The lieutenant came, persuaded her, because they were sending him to the front line, he wanted to say goodbye to Zina. Zina Sashka said on a walk that the lieutenant liked her, that he was taking care of her in a good way. And Zina seems to like this lieutenant. )
3). How did Sasha react to the fact that she went to the dance?
(When he finds out that Zina is there, dancing with the lieutenant, he is bitter, hurt: “And the fact that Zina is now there, at the evening, was painfully touched, and something nauseating began to come up to her throat. He breathed intermittently, heavily and hastily with a disobedient hand began to pull on his tunic.
“Something cold, heavy was growing like a lump in my chest, it was coming up to my throat, it was pressing…”
"... as if something had burst in Sasha's head", when he saw Zina in the window, he was ready to throw a piece of brick into the window opening if someone offended her.
But Zina's words brought him even greater suffering when she said to the lieutenant:
“- No need, Tolya ... - and took his hands away softly and angrily.
If the earth had risen nearby from the explosion, Sasha would not have been so stunned. And not a word, not an address by name, but this gesture of the deceased, even affectionate, with which she took his hands away, as if she had power against the lieutenant, struck Sasha in the very heart and assured him that they had love ...
As if with a blow under the breath, Sasha was broken and thrown back.
4). How do you assess Sasha's behavior in final second part of the story?
( Sasha behaved in this situation in the highest degree with dignity. Despite the shock, pain, resentment, remembering their meeting, conversations and “having imagined her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is incontestable ... Just a war ... And he has no anger at her ...”
Sashka understood that they had love, and since love, what right does he have to interfere with it? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk.
The kindness, sensitivity, nobility of the hero prevailed here too. He awakened the ability to respect other people's feelings, to understand and forgive a loved one, not to hurt him. This is true love.
3) The story of Lieutenant Volodka (“test of friendship”).
1). What are the motives of Sashka's intercession for Lieutenant Volodka?
(“Well, what’s the demand from me, Private Vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”
“Let's agree on this - if they start sewing on me, then do as you know, but for now we'll wait. Maybe everything will work out.”
2). How do you evaluate his action?
(We sympathize with Sashka and admire his deed: he, seemingly not at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turns out to be stronger and bolder than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, helps him out of trouble.
“Whatever you say, my heart is still scraping. Let the tribunal now, in the war, and not terrible, because all the terms of the advanced are replaced, and there - before the first blood, as it hurt, it redeemed its guilt, but Sashka still can’t get away, as the wound heals, so and go there! But it sucked in my soul disgustingly - Sashka has never been under any trial-investigation ... "
“But he did not regret what he did. He considered himself more prudent than Volodya and more cunning, perhaps.
“A couple of days later, Sasha was called again ... He and his sister walked to that building, and it was vague in his soul, some kind of fear froze his heart, only one thing eased: maybe everything will turn out completely, the unknown is the worst of all.”
“Whatever one may say, but this story was worth the nerves, to be honest, Sasha didn’t give a damn at all.”
Sasha's character traits.
1. Great sense of responsibility.
2. An inquisitive mind and a critical look at what is happening.
3. Conscientiousness.
4. Understanding the need for what he does.
5. Intelligence .
Problematic situation.
Teacher:“... the company commander used to, before ordering something, slapped Sashka on the shoulder and said:“ It’s necessary, Sashok. Understand, necessary". And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should. It was necessary in the war.
There is a "must" and "above". Sasha, according to critic Igor Dedkov, does more than necessary. What do you think?
IV . Lesson summary.
Teacher: V. Astafiev in his novel “Cursed and Killed” says that the cruel force of the war did not extinguish in his heroes “the light of goodness, justice, dignity, respect for one’s neighbor, for what was, is in a person from mother, from father, from the native home, from the motherland, Russia, finally, it was mortgaged, transferred, bequeathed.
- Can we say that this also applies to Sasha, the hero of V. Kondratiev's story?
Teacher:“Well, Sashok ... You are a man ...” Lieutenant Volodka will tell Sasha when, on the way to the hospital, he hears from him a story about a captured German. “We are people, not fascists,” Sashka will say simply.
Lev Aizerman wrote about the story of V. Kondratiev: “In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is important for a writer. This is what the story was written about: about a terrible war and preserved humanity.
V . Summarizing.
What made you think about this story?
VI . Homework. A written answer to the question: “What did this story make you think about?”
Subject:"The character of the Russian soldier and the problem of moral choice in the war" (based on the story of V. Kondratiev "Sashka").
Goals: cause students to reflect on what they read, experiences, emotional response; consider the problem of moral choice in war; showing the character of the Russian soldier by the writer; improve the ability to analyze text.
Lesson equipment: family relics of the Great Patriotic War, photographs, memoirs of writers and poets - front-line soldiers; a disk with records of songs about the war, a video film "Sashka".
Methodical methods: text analysis, conversation, problem questions.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Introductory speech of the teacher
In one interview, V. L. Kondratiev said: “Each writer should have a super task. For me, it was to tell the truth about the war that has not yet been written.
Vyacheslav Kondratiev walked along the front lines with his future heroes. He wrote about those who fought and died near Rzhev. But the front-line soldiers who fought near Moscow, Stalingrad, on Ladoga and the Dnieper recognized themselves in his stories, their feelings and thoughts, their life experience, their joy and pain.
In the center of the lesson today is the character of the Russian soldier and the problem of moral choice in the war.
I hope that we will come to the eternal that Russian classical literature carried. What is higher, what is more important: an order, a general opinion, circumstances, the will of someone who is higher than you, or you yourself with your own understanding of conscience and goodness? The old and eternal test of man: to cross or not to cross?
II. Writer's biography (student's report)
VL Kondratyev was born on October 30, 1920 in Poltava. Prose writer. One of the writers of the front generation. From the first year of the institute in 1939 he was drafted into the army. He served in the railway troops in the Far East. In December 1941 he went to the front. In 1942 he fought near Rzhev as part of a rifle brigade. He was wounded and awarded the medal "For Courage". After leaving for injury, he served in the railway troops, was seriously wounded again, spent six months in the hospital, and became disabled.
In 1958 he graduated from the Moscow Correspondence Polygraphic Institute. For many years he worked as a graphic designer. The first story - "Sashka" - was published in February 1979 in the magazine "Friendship of Peoples". In 1980, the magazine "Znamya" published the story "Victory Day in Cherniv", the novels "Borka's Ways-Roads" and "Vacation for Wounds".
All works by V. Kondratiev are autobiographical. His novels "Vacation on injury", "Meetings on Stretenka" and the novel "Red Gates" are united by a common hero - Lieutenant Volodka. In the first of them, after a short respite in Moscow, he returns to fight near Rzhev. The second story and the novel are books about the return of the hero from the war, about the difficulties of entering everyday peaceful life.
V.Kondratiev wrote his novels and stories about the main thing in the life of his generation, about those who fought and died near Rzhev, although they did not receive the official status of a hero city, but remained in the memory of everyone who fought there, one of the most heroic and tragic pages of the Great Patriotic War. His prose, his "Rzhevsky novel", according to V. Astafiev's definition, became an immersion in the past, re-experiencing "his war".
K. Simonov said this about the military fate of the front-line writer V. Kondratiev: “I didn’t get to Berlin, but I did my job in the war.”
The writer committed suicide during a serious illness on September 21, 1993. V.Kondratiev bequeathed to dispel his ashes on the Ovsyannikov field. It was there, at the turn in front of the villages of Nanovo, Ovsyannikovo, Usovo, where all spring the forty-second troops of the 30th Army attacked the German defenses with varying success. Villages passed from hand to hand, and in the fields, at almost every step, lay the dead. This is where the company in which the writer served died.
The testament of V. Kondratiev remained unfulfilled. But the search engines took the land from the same grove to the grave of the writer, where there was a line for attacks on Panov and Ovsyannikovo, a helmet and a sapper shovel of one of his dead comrades. And on the edge of the grove, the search engines put a cross in memory of Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev. According to wartime maps, this grove was called "Chicken", now it is a reserved grove bearing the name of the writer.
And how many as yet nameless groves and fields throughout the vast expanse, which was called the "Rzhevsky ledge" on wartime maps?!
III. The history of the creation of the story "Sasha"
In July 1943, Ilya Ehrenburg wrote: “Wonderful books about the war will be written not by spies, but by participants who now sometimes do not have the opportunity to write a letter to their relatives ...”.
And so it happened: the most poignant, most truthful books about the war were written by its participants - soldiers and officers of the front line, "comfreys".
Passionate faith in what he is obliged to tell, and people should learn about the war, about his comrades who laid down their lives in the battles near Rzhev, led Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev.
Kondratiev's literary debut was an unexpected phenomenon. He published "Sasha" at a respectable age, a year later he turned 60 years old.
The difficult, winding path of the writer to "Sasha". Kondratiev was asked how it happened that in his middle years he suddenly took up a story about the war. “Apparently, the summers have come, maturity has come, and with it a clear understanding that the war is the most important thing that I had in my life,” the writer admits. Memories began to torment me, I even felt the smells of the war, I did not forget, although the 60s were already going on. At night, guys from his native platoon came to his dreams, smoked cigarettes, looked at the sky, waiting for a bomber. He eagerly read military prose, but "in vain he searched and did not find his own war in it," although there was only one war. I realized that “only I can tell about my war. And I must tell. If I don’t tell you, some page of the war will remain undiscovered.”
IV. Reading a poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "I was killed near Rzhev"
Apparently, the battles near Rzhev were terrible, exhausting, with huge human losses.
V. An excursion into the history of the city of Rzhev
Here is how E. Rzhevskaya writes about this: “It turns out that the old coat of arms of Rzhev is a lion on a red field. Wisdom? Power? Military prowess? Rzhev was a transit point to both the Dnieper and Lake Ilmen. Here the interests of the major political forces of Moscow, Tver, and Lithuania crossed. And from the first siege of Rzhev, marked by an annals, wars continue for four more centuries: it is an object of contention between the princes, then the prey of Lithuania, then it is recaptured again for Rus' by the Russian lands, and with its weakening it goes to Moscow. He stood on the western outskirts of Russian lands, and more than once he was attacked by the blow of enemies rushing into the depths of Russia.
The attention of history did not bypass the city, but during the years of the Great Patriotic War, he paid an unreasonably terrible price for this attention. The Germans called the Rzhev ledge "the Führer's impregnable line." Near Rzhev, as many Germans died as, for example, residents in Cottbus or Ingolstadt, that the German command forced the soldiers to persevere, Hitler announced: “To surrender Rzhev is to open the way to Berlin for the Russians.”
VI. Memoirs of marshals Zhukov and Rokossovsky (individual assignments).
In memories Zhukov facts are given that are hard to believe. Behind each of them is the bitter truth, the predetermined death of people. Just imagine: during the offensive period, the rate of ammunition consumption is set - 1-2 shots per day per gun! Therefore, huge losses. The troops are overworked, weakened. The command asks to stop the offensive, which is impossible in such conditions, to allow them to gain a foothold on the achieved lines. And what? By a directive dated March 20, 1942, the Supreme Commander rejected this request, demanding an energetic offensive. In late March - early April, the fronts of the Western direction tried to fulfill this order - to defeat the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy. It was impossible to do so. Zhukov writes that "for obvious reasons, the efforts turned out to be fruitless." And he adds: only after that the Headquarters was forced to accept the proposal to go over to the defensive on this line.
Rokossovsky also spoke about the terrible severity that befell those who fought in this direction, including near Rzhev: “There were not enough soldiers, machine guns, mortars, artillery, ammunition, tanks in the regiments and divisions ... Paradox: the strongest defends, and the weaker comes. And in our conditions, waist-deep in snow.”
VII. Analysis of the story "Sasha"
- Let's mentally transport ourselves to that time and to that land, which we learned about from the memoirs of military leaders and read in the story "Sasha".
Sasha has been fighting for two months. Is it a lot or a little?
- Read out those significant details, from your point of view, that helped the writer to recreate this time.
- A few days of front-line life.
1. Life of war. The one about which the writer will say: “... the whole war consisted of this life. The battles themselves were not the main part of a person's life in the war. The rest was life, exorbitantly difficult, associated with hardships and with enormous physical exertion.
- How is military life shown in the story?
- So why does Kondratiev write out this miserable life of the war so meticulously?
– We understand that this truth of the details, of everyday life leads to the very main truth for which our literature lives, to the truth of a person who has decided to remain a person in this terrible war.
- Sasha gets boots for the company commander.
- The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun.
- Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded, not relying on the fact that they themselves will find him.
- Sashka takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him.
- Meeting with Zina.
- Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodya.
2. The episode of the capture of the German. Trial by power
Retelling of the episode with text
- How do we see Sasha in this episode?
Sasha evokes sympathy, respect for himself with kindness, compassion. Humanity. The war did not depersonalize, did not discolor Sasha's character. He is inquisitive and inquisitive. Every event has its own point of view. Sashka is not comfortable with almost unlimited power over a person, he realized how terrible this power over life and death can become. We appreciate in Sasha a great sense of responsibility for everything. Even for things he couldn't answer for. It is a shame before the German for useless defense. For the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead the German so that he would not see our dead and not yet buried fighters, and when they did stumble upon them, Sasha was ashamed, as if he were guilty of something.
In the memoirs of V. Kondratiev there are the following lines:
We didn't even try to bury them.
Himself - alive - can not dig trenches ...
I don’t recognize ... But we were here,
Still full of footprints
That terrible and distant were
They stare with empty eye sockets
Skulls whitening in a ravine.
- Why didn’t Sasha follow the order? After all, this is an unthinkable event in the army - disobedience to the order of a senior in rank.
Sashka pities the German, has no idea how he can break his word. "The price of human life has not diminished in his mind."
And Kondratiev will write amazing words: “Sasha sighed deeply, with a full chest ... and thought if he remains alive, then out of everything he experienced on the front, this case will be the most memorable, the most unforgettable for him ... ".
- Why?
Sashka went on attacks, often hopeless and therefore deadly, repelled attacks by German intelligence, fought one on one with a German, saw death, but the most memorable day is the one when he didn’t kill a German. Didn't kill to stay human.
The German not killed by him is the strength of the soul fighting such a victorious, such a mighty evil. And Kondratiev convinces us that we won not because we were stronger, but because we were higher. Spiritual, purer.
Watching this scene in a movie
- Did the director of the film manage to convey the state of mind of Sasha and the German in this episode, which Kondratiev writes about in the book?
3. The role of the episodic hero, connected battalion commander Tolik
The motto of Tolik is “our business is calf”. But Sasha doesn't want to be a calf, he wants to be a human. Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.
4. Meeting with Zina. love test
Discussion: Does Sasha's behavior contradict your opinion about his character, or, on the contrary, confirms the opinion that has already been formed about him?
Sasha remains Sasha: justice, kindness prevailed here too. Sashka did not become hardened, did not become coarse, he managed to understand Zina and not condemn her, although he was bitter and hurt. "Zina is incontrovertible ... Just a war ... And he has no anger at her! .."
Since they are in love, what right does he have to interfere with her? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk. He wouldn't be able to do it any other way.
5. Short front-line friendship with Volodya. test of friendship
Retelling of the episode with the involvement of the text.
Discussion: How does Sashka behave during a brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya?
The author sympathizes with Sasha: he, who does not look at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turned out to be stronger and bolder than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, helps him out of trouble. “This story cost nerves, to be honest, Sasha didn’t give a damn at all.”
VIII. Solving the Moral Problem
- There is a "must" and "above". Sasha does "over"? Or is it the conscience?
From Sasha's point of view, this is the norm, nothing supernatural. He cannot do otherwise. There are no two consciences - a conscience and another conscience: either there is a conscience or it is not there, just as there are no two patriotisms.
- What did your acquaintance with Sasha give you?
- Do you think it is easy or difficult to have a friend like Sasha?
IX. conclusions
The character of Sasha is the discovery of Kondratiev. An inquisitive mind and innocence, vitality and active kindness, modesty and self-esteem - all this is combined in the whole character of the hero. Kondratiev discovered the character of a man from the midst of the people, shaped by his time and embodied the best features of this time. "The story of Sasha is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier." “... If I hadn’t read Sasha, I would have missed something not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I had another friend, a person I fell in love with, ”wrote K. Simonov.
Against the backdrop of the last frames of the film, the song "Belorussky Station" is played by a student with a guitar.
X. Word of the teacher. Times today are difficult, unpredictable and sometimes frightening. You never know where the wind will blow from and what it will be - crazy, sweeping away everything in its path, or caressing the soul. Most of us are like on a spring ice floe: if you stand on one side, the other threatens to turn over.... And the old people, they are like children, detachedly looking at all this, closer to the middle they huddle. They are ashamed of the young. They, torn off by the epoch, are trying to save for us a reserved place that has not yet been trampled down - dignity. They, who survived the great wars, the great famine, the great construction projects, do not consider this a shameful stain on their biography and do not complain about anything, accepting life as it is. Why am I talking about this? And besides, our old people deserve a good word. Don't skimp on it. May fresh flowers always bloom on the graves of heroes. This is necessary for the living, so that their hearts do not harden, so that an invisible warm fire of gratitude to their ancestors always trembles in them for the good they have done. And the humane principle “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten” has become established in our lives.
That's when bird cherry will always bloom in your hearts.
XI. Homework: Write an essay-reasoning: “Is it easy or difficult to have a friend like Sasha?”
Lesson-conference on the story of V. L. Kondratiev "Sasha"
Theme of the lesson: “Man in the war. The problem of moral choice.
The purpose of the lesson: try to touch with your heart the living sources of the Great Victory, first of all, the moral ones, “try on yourself” both the heroism and the tragedy of those days.
Lesson equipment: computer, projector, multimedia presentation; a stand dedicated to the work of V. Kondratyev "Sasha" (on it there are questions for discussing the story, statements about it, illustrations); materials prepared for the lesson by students (printed texts of speeches).
Methodical methods: exchange of information (student presentations -biographer, literary critic, historians);conversation; brief retelling; episode analysis; comparison; problem solving.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment. Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. (Slides 1-3)
II. Introduction by the teacher.
Farther and farther away from us are the years of the Great Patriotic War. Less and less remains among us its participants. The writer V. L. Kondratiev also passed away. But his voice continues to sound from the pages of his works, “trembling - in full view! - his wounded, but continuing to hurt - for all of us! - heart…"
In one interview, V. L. Kondratiev said: “Each writer should have a super task. For me, it was to tell the truth about the war that has not yet been written.(Slide 4)
“It is not for victorious trophies that real literature returns to the fields of ancient battles ... and it is not looking for glory, but wants to understand what he was like, that man who saved our land from the fascist invasion? What were they like, standing up from edge to edge? After all, there was probably something in them WHAT DOES NOT ALLOW THE ETERNAL HOPE FOR BETTER AND BRIGHT, PURE HUMAN FORCES TO DIE? (I.Dedkov)(See stand)
What is higher, what is more important: an order, a general opinion, circumstances, the will of someone who is higher than you, or you yourself with your own understanding of conscience and goodness? The old and eternal test of man: to cross or not to cross?
III . Speeches of students: biographer, literary critic, historians.
Biography of the writer V. Kondratiev. (Slides 5-6,8, 9)
Literary creativity. (Slides 6-7)
The history of the creation of the story "Sasha". (Slide 10)
History of the city of Rzhev. (Slides 11, 12, 14)
Memoirs of marshals G.K. Zhukov and K.K. Rokossovsky. (Slide 13)
IV . Photo series to the soundtrack of M. Nozhkin's song "Under Rzhev". (Slide 15)
V . Discussion of V. Kondratyev's story "Sasha".
– Let us mentally transport ourselves to that time and to that land, which we learned about from the memoirs of military leaders and read in the story “Sasha”.
1. Sasha has been fighting for two months. Is it a lot or a little? What details, pictures help the writer to recreate, and for us to imagine this time?
(The life of the war. The one about which the writer will say: “... the whole war consisted of this life. The battles themselves were not the main part of a person’s life in the war. The rest was life, prohibitively difficult, associated with hardships and with enormous physical exertion”) .
– How is military life shown in the story? (Slide 16)
(“The first company had neither trenches nor dugouts, it huddled beaten-killed in huts. Only the company commander had a runny dugout.”
“It’s hard with grub, and with ammunition ... I don’t have the strength to bury the guys, I don’t ... After all, I can’t dig a trench for myself, alive”
“The army seemed to be standing here in the winter, and maybe there were battles, because there were shot helmets lying around, zinc boxes from cartridges, rusty windings, scraps of bloody bandages and even a corpse they noticed, but they didn’t come up - that’s enough, for life seen enough"
“How many people did you have in your company?
One hundred fifty…
How much is left?
Sixteen…")
- Why does Kondratiev write out this miserable life of the war so meticulously?
(We understand that this truth of the details, of everyday life leads to the very main truth for which our literature lives - to the truth of a person who has decided to remain a person in this terrible war).
Sasha gets boots for the company commander.
Sashka takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him.
The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun.
Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded, not relying on the fact that they themselves will find him.
Meeting with Zina.
Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodya.
3. One of the critics noted that V. Kondratiev led his hero through tests of power, love, friendship. How did Sasha survive these tests?
VI. Analysis of individual episodes.
● The episode of the capture of the German. Power test. (“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he now had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either faints, then he enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters Alive, if he wants, he will slam on the road! Sasha even somehow felt uneasy, and the German, of course, understands that he is completely in Sasha's hands. And what they told him about the Russians, God only knows! a man that he is not the kind to mock the captive and unarmed.
Sashka remembered: there was one in their company that was painfully angry at the Germans, like from the Belarusians. He would not have brought the Fritz. I would say: "When trying to escape," - and no demand.
And Sashka somehow felt uneasy from the almost unlimited power over another person that had fallen on him.")
How do we see Sasha in this episode? What feelings does it evoke in us? What do we value in it? (+ reference to the illustration. See stand)
(Sashka evokes sympathy, respect for himself with kindness, compassion. Humanity. The war did not depersonalize, did not discolor Sasha's character. He is inquisitive and inquisitive. He has his own point of view on all events. Sasha is not comfortable with almost unlimited power over a person, he understood how terrible this power over life and death can become. We appreciate in Sasha a great sense of responsibility for everything. Even for what he could not be responsible for. It is a shame before the German for the useless defense. For the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead German so that he would not see our killed and not yet buried fighters, and when they nevertheless stumbled upon them, Sashka was ashamed, as if he were guilty of something).
- Remember a similar episode of the novel "War and Peace" (Battle near Ostrovnaya. Nikolai Rostov and the Frenchman. Nikolai's condition).
– Why didn't Sasha follow the order? After all, this is an unthinkable event in the army - disobedience to the order of a senior in rank.
(Sashka pities the German, has no idea how he can break the word given to him. "The price of human life has not diminished in his mind").
- Is there a similar episode in the novel "War and Peace"? (Dolokhov and Denisov: dispute about prisoners).
- “Sashka sighed deeply, with a full chest ... and thought: if he remains alive, then out of everything he has experienced in the front, this case will be the most memorable, the most unforgettable for him ...”. Why? (Slide 18)
(Sashka went on attacks, often hopeless and therefore deadly, repelled attacks by German intelligence, fought one on one with a German, saw death, but the most memorable day is the one when he didn’t kill a German. Didn’t kill to remain a man.
The German not killed by him is the strength of the soul fighting such a victorious, such a mighty evil. And Kondratiev convinces us that we won not because we were stronger, but because we were higher, spiritually purer.)
Which of these acts - capturing a German or saving him - can be called a feat? Which one is worthy of the award?
- Compare the life principles of Sashka and the connected battalion commander Tolik. Which side are you on?
(Tolik’s motto is “our business is a calf.” But Sasha does not want to be a calf, he wants to remain a man. Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness).
- Does Tolik remind you of Nikolai Rostov? What episodes? (Nicholas’ conversation with Pierre about a secret society. Nikolai: “You are my best friend ... but ... if you start to oppose the government, whatever it may be, I know that it is my duty to obey it. And now Arakcheev tell me to go against you with squadron and cut down - I won’t think for a second and go”)
- What, in your opinion, influenced the decision of the battalion commander to cancel the order to shoot the captured German?
- What qualities of Sasha appear in the episodes:
1. The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun.
2. Sasha leads the orderlies to the wounded, not relying on the fact that they themselves will find him.
(Responsibility, loyalty to the word)
- Is it possible to say that Sasha is a “knight without fear and reproach”?
(Sashka experienced fear more than once, but he knew how to overcome it).
Comparison with the episode: “On the Raevsky battery.
Pierre: "Are you afraid?"
Soldier: “But how? .. After all, she will not have mercy. She slams, so the guts out. You can't be afraid..."
The front-line poet Y. Drunina wrote: “Whoever says that it’s not scary in a war knows nothing about the war”)
● Episode "Meeting with Zina". Test of love.
-What does Zina mean in Sasha's life? (+ Reference to illustration. See stand)
(Sashka and Zina. How difficult everything is in their fate: love and jealousy are intertwined. And yet, after parting, Sasha says: “Zina is incontestable. God be loved by you to be different.
Here again we saw Sasha's maturity. But he is a little over twenty: after serving military service in the Far East, he ended up on the Rzhev land, where he received a baptism of fire.)
Does Sasha's behavior contradict your opinion about his character, or, on the contrary, confirms the opinion that has already been formed about him?
(Sashka remains Sasha: justice, kindness prevailed here too. Sasha did not become hardened, did not coarsen, managed to understand Zina and not condemn her, although he was bitter and painful. ."
Since they are in love, what right does he have to interfere with her? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk. He wouldn't have it any other way.)
● Episode "Front-line friendship with Volodya." Test of friendship.
- How does Sashka behave during a brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya?
- Do we condemn or justify Sasha in the episode with calming down the soldiers? And the author?
(The author sympathizes with Sasha: he, who does not look at all a heroic, not a dashing soldier, turned out to be stronger and bolder than a desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, helps him out of trouble. “This story cost nerves, to be honest, it didn’t give a damn at all Sasha")
VII. Solving the Moral Problem
- There is a "must" and "above". Sasha does "over"? Or is it the conscience?
(From Sashka's point of view, his behavior and actions are the norm, nothing supernatural. He cannot do otherwise. There are no two consciences - a conscience and another conscience: either there is a conscience or it is not, just as there are no two patriotisms).
VIII. conclusions
- Why is Sasha attractive? What did the author want to show in it? (Slide 19)
The character of Sasha is the discovery of Kondratiev. An inquisitive mind and innocence, vitality and active kindness, modesty and self-esteem - all this is combined in the whole character of the hero. Kondratiev discovered the character of a man from the midst of the people, shaped by his time and embodied the best features of this time. "The story of Sasha is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier." “... If I hadn’t read Sasha, I would have missed something not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I had another friend, a person I fell in love with, ”wrote K. Simonov.
- And what does Sasha mean to you, because he is close to you in age?
It was no coincidence that we tried to compare the episodes of the story by V. Kondratiev and the novel by L.N. Tolstoy. What Tolstoyan traditions in the depiction of "war" and "peace", a man in a war, did you discover?
IX. . Final word from the teacher.
Indeed, many of Tolstoy's thoughts about war and peace are reflected in the story of V. Kondratiev. And therefore, it is probably appropriate to end the lesson with an appeal by the writer V. Kondratiev to you, high school students (See the stand):
“To the guys: for our military generation, the most important thing was that from childhood we were replenished with the great Russian literature of the last century. She brought up civil and high moral concepts in us, which allowed us to live in a terrible time and remain clean, not to stain our conscience with anything. I wish you all the same, i.e. to read and read holy Russian literature.”
X. Homework: write an essay-reasoning: “Why is the story “Sasha” a work that is needed today?” or give a detailed answer to the question “What impression did the story “Sasha” make on me? “How do you understand the words “Hearts! Yes, these are heights that cannot be given away ”? (See stand)
References
V.L. Kondratiev. Hello from the front. Novels and stories - Moscow, "Fiction", 1995.
A work about the Great Patriotic War in literature lessons and in extracurricular activities. - M., "Enlightenment", 1985.
N. Krupin, N. Sosnina. “I bequeath my life to you ...” (Senior students discuss the story of V. Kondratiev “Sasha”) - “Literature at School”, No. 3 1989.
A. Kogan. ... He lived and died like a soldier. About Vyacheslav Kondratiev, his life and work, his difficult fate. - "Literature at school", No. 2 1995.
Literature lesson in grade 11 based on the story by V. Kondratiev "Sashka"
Goals: 1) discussion of V. Kondratiev's story "Sasha" in order to comprehend the character of an ordinary person during the Great Patriotic War;
2) development of the ability to analyze the text;
3) moral and patriotic education of students on the basis of artistic material related to their native land during the Great Patriotic War.
Lesson equipment:an exhibition of literature on the topic, a portrait of the writer, audio cassettes with recordings of military songs, a tape recorder.
Board layout:
Every writer should have a super task. And for me it was to tell the truth about the war, which has not yet been written.
V. Kondratiev.
During the classes.
- Organizational moment. Greeting the class, announcing the topic and purpose of the lesson.
- The phonogram of M. Nozhkin's song "Under Rzhev" sounds.
- Introduction by the teacher.
Sixty-eight years ago, in the autumn of 1941, there were heavy battles on Rzhev land. They lasted almost 15 months. And every day, every hour, every moment someone's life could end. Yes, not alone! Losses in the Rzhev battle were the most huge.
Everyone who went through the "Rzhev meat grinder" still remembers it.
As the former soldier Vyacheslav Kondratyev remembered about her, who wrote a whole series of works about the battles on the Rzhev land. One of the works is the story "Sasha".
- A few words about the author of the story "Sashka" Vyacheslav Kondratiev.(listen to student's message)
Vyacheslav Kondratyev entered literature later than other writers of the front generation: Baklanov, Bykov, Astafyev, Konstantin Vorobyov. They entered in the late 50s, during the "thaw", and he was almost twenty years later, in the late 70s, when he was already close to sixty. He entered actively, as if foreseeing that not so much was released by fate, but he needed to tell what he saw and experienced and that no one else would tell for him.
It turns out that for many years Kondratiev wrote what is called on the table, and starting from 1979, when the story “Sasha” appeared in the journal “Friendship of Peoples”, he began to be actively printed.
Initially, Kondratiev looked at his mission simply: to tell truthfully, without inventing how the battles took place on Rzhev land. He talked about the battles near Rzhev, but it turned out that he spoke about the whole country, about all the warring people. The stories "Sashka", "Selizharovsky Trakt", "Wounded Leave", "Meetings on Sretenka" constitute a kind of tetralogy about the paths of the front-line generation in the war and immediately after it.
The Kondratieff family was rooted in the Ivanovo region. Born in 1920, Vyacheslav studied in Moscow, served as a personnel officer in the Far East, fought near Rzhev and belonged to the generation for which four years of warforever remained "the most important" in life.
5. Teacher's word
One of Vyacheslav Kondratiev's interviews was entitled "There is no need to invent a war." In it, he said this about his work: “Every writer should have a super task, for me it was to tell the truth about the war that has not yet been written.” This super-task that owned himall his life, made Vyacheslav twenty years after the war, in the summer of 1961, go through the places of their Rzhev battles. He worked at that time as a poster artist and did not think that he would one day become a famous writer.
After returning from a trip, Kondratiev wrote the poem "Russian Villages". Everything in this poem is true. Without pretending to the perfection of the verse, the author accurately reflected the time andthe feelings that controlled them.
6. Phonogram of the song "At the Nameless Height". (1 verse)
7. Students read the poem "Russian Villages" in excerpts.
8. The word of the teacher.
We we saw with you another facet of V. Kondratiev as a person who devoted his whole life to those who were with him at the front, and to those who were not destined to return.
The story "Sashka" was published in 1979, and in 1981 the first book by V. Kondratiev was published under the same title. The author of the book came to Rzhev, met with readers. In memory of the Central Library named after A.N. Ostrovsky, he presented a book with with his autograph.
The epigraph of the book: "This story is dedicated to everyone who fought near Rzhev - the living and the dead."
9. Conversation with the guys:
- And you guys were interested in reading the story "Sasha"?
- And why?
- How do you imagineSasha by nature? (Reliable, conscientious, resourceful, courageous)
- What are the key episodes in which Sasha's character is revealed.
(1 - with felt boots, 2 - capturing Fritz, 3 - confronting the battalion commander, 4 - caring for the wounded, 5 - meeting with Zina in the medical battalion, 6 - the road to the hospital through the rear villages, meeting with the old man, with Pasha, 7 - episode with plate, 8 - meeting with girls going to the front)
Kondratiev set the task of telling the truth about the war. Did he succeed? Verify with examples.
(“It’s bad with bread. No Navara. A half-pot of liquid millet for two - and be healthy. Mudslide!”
“But even more surprise, if not bewilderment, caused the Germans how Sashka, having taken out the armchair and tinder - they called it Katyusha, - began to knock out a spark ... and the tinder did not flare up at all.”
“The company commander did not differ from Sasha in uniform, the same padded jacket, stained with mud, he had not yet been given a wide commander’s belt, he had the same soldier’s weapon - an automatic machine.”
“Sashka, of course, would not talk about his life, being, there is nothing to boast about yet. And with grub tight, and with ammunition. But this is all temporary, they have come off far from the railway, muddy road.")
When, at what moment does Sasha think: “Life is like this - nothing can be postponed”?
(episode with felt boots)
- Why did Sashka, risking his life, crawl for felt boots?
(“For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, these felt boots to hell! But it’s a pity for the company commander.”)
- What details does the author draw our attention to in this episode?
(The face of a dead German is compared to a doll, because it is orange; Sashka was embarrassed that he was accidentally safe during an artillery raid; “I wanted to smoke to death”)
Conclusion: Having decided on an act, Sasha carefully plans everything. Otherwise, death.
- Under what circumstances did Sasha first meet the Germans?
- What helped Sasha survive the horror of meeting the Germans?
(The hitch of the Krauts before carrying out the order: it means they are also afraid.)
- Mutual assistance in battle is the most important thing. How did Sasha help the commander?
(given away my spare disk)
- Why, even without cartridges, did Sashka crawl after the German?
(“How many guys from intelligence were put down while they climbed for the tongue, Sashka knew”)
- The duel with the German was fair. Sashka captured the German (the company commander helped), And take him to Sasha's headquarters. Read the character's thoughts about it.
(“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he now had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either faints, then he enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters alive, if he wants to, he'll slam along the way! Sasha even somehow felt uneasy, andthe German, of course, understands that he is completely in Sasha's hands. And what they told him about the Russians, God only knows! Only the German does not know what kind of person Sashka is, that he is not the kind to mock the prisoner and the unarmed.
Sashka remembered, there was one in their company that was painfully angry at the Germans, like from the Belarusians. He would not have brought the Fritz. I would say: "When trying to escape," - and no demand.
And Sashka somehow felt uneasy from the almost unlimited power over another person that had fallen on him.")
Conclusion: How easy it is to cross the line of what is permitted by moral consciousness, but Sashka, although young, turned out to be on top.
Why doesn't Sashka hate the captive Fritz?
("Here when they rose from under the hill - gray, terrible, some kind of non-humans, they were enemies! Sashka is ready to crush and destroy them mercilessly! But when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sasha an ordinary person, the same soldier as he was, only dressed in a different uniform, only fooled and deceived ... "
- The battalion commander gave the order to Sasha: to shoot the prisoner. Why is Sasha suffering? How to be? It is necessary to fulfill the order, but for Sasha it is impossible. And it's impossible not to do it. Was the battalion commander right in giving such an order?
- What attempts did Sasha make to cancel the order? (1 - turned to the lieutenant on duty, 2 - thought to run into the medical unit so that the military doctor, also a captain, canceled the order. “What should I do now? what?” - Sashka is tormented)
- Why was the question painful for Sasha, how to decide the fate of the prisoner? What kind of person is Sasha?
(Conscientious)
How does the author show Sasha's throwing? (“Here Sasha thought, what would the company commander do in his place? You can’t take the company commander by the throat! He would have found words for the captain! an ordinary fighter, to whom every detached! Is a chief? It seems to be nothing. But he had the courage to contradict the chief, and now he has planned such a thing, his soul turns over - the order will not be obeyed! But who? The unit commander himself.
For the first time in his entire service in the army, during the months of the front, Sasha's habit of obeying unquestioningly anda terrible doubt about the justice and necessity of what he was ordered to do. And there is a third thing that is intertwined with the rest: he cannot kill the defenseless. It can't, that's all!")
- How were Sasha's painful thoughts resolved? (The battalion commander canceled the order. But life was different.)
- Why did Sashka, wounded in the arm, return to the company? How does this characterize him? (Reliable friend)
- Why Sasha returns to the forest for the wounded, although he just survivedfear of being shot? (“But he gave his word. To the dying - the word! This must be understood”)
10. Scene "In the medical battalion"
- Sashka experienced a whole range of feelings in the medical battalion. What were those feelings? (1 - joy from meeting Zina, 2 - indignation towards the senior lieutenant, 3 - resentment that there will be a party at the headquarters on May 1)
Conclusion: Sasha and Zina. How difficult everything is in their fate: love and jealousy are intertwined. And yet, after parting, Sasha says: “Zina is incontestable. Just a war... And he has no ill will against her.” This is tantamount to Pushkin's "How God forbid you be loved to be different."
Here again we saw Sasha's maturity. But he is a little over twenty: after serving military service in the Far East, he ended up on the Rzhev land, where he received a baptism of fire.
- Why was Sasha so offended by the party at headquarters? (“Whatever you say, while the war, while his battalion bleeds, while the unburied underwear turns white, what holidays can there be, what dances?”)
- How much resentment, anger Sashka, Zhora and Lieutenant Volodka had while wandering to the hospital. They, front-line soldiers, beg? begging for food like a beggar?
Remember your grandfather that he gave the wounded good advice to dig potatoes in the field and fry flat cakes. He also supplied me with shag, and at parting he pinned: “How will you continue to fight?”
(Philosophical answer: "Don't worry, grandfather, we'll fight and chase the Germans," said Sashka.)
- Grandfather unraveled Volodya's soul. And Sasha, consoling, said: "The war will write everything off." Do you agree with these words?
- What thoughts haunt Lieutenant Volodka?
(“You privates, what do you care, you didn’t drive anyone to death. Nothing will be written off. I will remember all my life how the guys looked at me when I laid out the order for them to attack. All my life”)
- Why did Sashka take the blame for Lieutenant Volodka, who threw a plate at an officer? (precisely because he is ready to defend Volodka: a tribunal would threaten him with worse consequences. But what to take from a private? Nobody asked Sashka, he sees everything, understands and acts according to his conscience)
- The lieutenant of the special department also acted humanly: he let Sasha go on vacation so that he would not fall under the tribunal. And so Sasha goes home to recover. Meeting with the girls going to the front, at the station in Klin - a small touch to the portrait of Sashka. Remember what the hero thought about this meeting?
11. Summary: In the image of Sasha, Vyacheslav Kondratiev reveals to us the character of a man from the people, shaped by his time and embodied the features of his generation. Sashka is a man not only with a heightened moral sense, but also with firm convictions. And above all, he is a reflective person, shrewdly judging what is happening.
Konstantin Simonov said this about the hero of Kondratiev's story: "The story of Sasha is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult position - a soldier."
12. Homework:mini-essay “What made me think about the story of Kondratiev “Sasha”?
Literature used: textbook 11th class author Agenosov V.I., Methodological manual of the same author
