Anatomy for drawing. How to draw hands? Anatomy for an artist

It will not be difficult for many novice artists to draw flowers, trees, houses. But when it comes time to depict people on paper, they get lost. Because they don't know how to draw a human body correctly. If you don't succeed either, don't even think about giving up. Thanks to several techniques, you can quickly learn this.

They are quite simple. At the same time, these useful tips will help you cope with the necessary task:

• Even if you don't plan to turn your sketches into color illustrations, still use a pencil at the very beginning. He will allow you to correct the drawing at any time.
• Don't push hard. Do all movements only with light strokes. If you make a mistake or want to redraw an element of the picture, you do not have to suffer by erasing thick lines with an elastic band.
• Practice every day. Don't be discouraged if you don't know how to draw a body. Believe in yourself!
• Watch your posture. You cannot give all your attention to the drawing by sitting incorrectly.
• If you're serious about art, study other people's techniques, go to art galleries, buy themed books. Experienced artists are well acquainted with how to draw the human body.
• If you are copying from an already finished drawing, do not be afraid to make mistakes. Remember that you don't have to portray the exact same character. It will be much better if it turns out differently.

body proportions

At all times, special attention was paid to the relationship between the figures. Before drawing the body, you need to know its correct proportions. The height of the figure of an adult is 8 of his heads, of a teenager - 7. This part of the student's body can be positioned 5 times in length, the baby - 4. The size of the arms should reach the middle of the thigh, while the elbows should be on the same level with the waist, and the knees should be exactly in the middle of the leg. The length of the legs is 4 heads, and the head, together with the body, is half the height of the entire figure. The fingers of the lowered hand are located in the region of the middle of the thigh. The height of the foot is the size of the nose. And its length is the same as that of the forearm. The height of the female head is equal to the distance between the prominent points of the chest, the male - half the width of the shoulders.

Differences between male and female parameters

The average height of a man is about 170 cm, women - 160. The arms of a strong half of humanity are long and muscular, when the hands of girls are a little shorter. But the legs of women are longer (in relation to the body). Men have a strong physique, broad shoulders and a short torso. The female body is longer, the shoulders are often shorter than the hips. Men have a thick neck, girls - on the contrary, thin. As for the muscles, in men it is strongly marked. At the same time, the contours of the body are sharp. At the same time, in women, the outlines are soft, the shapes are round, the fat layer is larger. The male foot is massive, large, the female foot is much smaller in size.

We draw a man

The following master class shows how to draw a man's body:

1. Start at the top. Draw a small circle, draw a curved line from below. You should get the shape of an egg, only turned upside down.
2. Draw the neck by sketching two straight lines. As a guide, take the distance from ear to ear.
3. Draw a long (2-3 head width) horizontal line so that it is perpendicular to the neck. It determines the location of the collarbones.
4. At the end of the two lines, draw small circles of the same size - these are the shoulders. Sketch two ovals a little lower, slightly longer than the height of the head - these are the biceps.
5. In the place where the biceps begin, outline the body of the body. Geometrically, it will look like this: an inverted trapezoid is the chest, vertical straight lines are the torso, an inverted triangle is the pelvis. Mark the place above the last geometric figure with a dot - there will be a navel.
6. On both sides of the triangle, draw two circles (most of them should be outside), and immediately below them - long ovals. They will be hips.
7. Below are two small ovals for the knees. Let it intertwine a little with the hips. And even lower - for the shins.
8. For the legs, draw two triangles, at the very bottom.
9. Try to draw show jumping of the body, add details, come up with clothes for your character.

We draw a woman

Now that you know the basics and have learned how to work with the male silhouette, you can learn how to draw the female body:

1. Start with the most important thing - draw a vertical line. To represent the torso, place an inverted triangle at the top of the torso.
2. Inside the resulting triangle, draw another one looking up. Draw two circles at the corners of the inner figure to represent the breasts. If you did everything right, the first one should be on the right and the other on the left of the line drawn earlier.
3. Just below the main triangle, draw a circle of equal size. Its upper part should go slightly beyond the triangle. This will be the pelvis.
4. To draw the hips and legs, draw two curved lines from the top of the circle. And below - two more, but shorter. Some should look like brackets.
5. Add lines and details, dress up the girl.

Done, now you know how to draw a girl's body.

Summing up

Using the techniques presented above, you can draw almost any person - an adult man and woman, a teenager, a child. The main thing to do is follow the instructions, learn how to work according to the scheme. After a while, you yourself, without anyone's help, will draw beautiful and proportionately correct characters on paper. Don't get discouraged if something doesn't work out for you. You can try again at any time.

Remember another important rule: the artist's work does not end at the moment when he understands how to draw the body. It is also necessary to think over the hairstyle of the character, his style, give him emotions, portray the character. In other words, with the help of a pencil, “breathe” life into it. Learn the art of drawing, improve your skills - and you will definitely succeed!

In this lesson, we will look at how to draw a full-length person for beginners in stages with a pencil using the example of a girl.

Let's take a model. In all the textbooks on drawing anatomy for artists, naked forms are shown, this is in order to study the full anatomy of a person, there is nothing so shameful in this. If you decide to learn how to draw a person, then you will definitely have to work with naked bodies, make sketches of bodies from nature or have videos of models, get ready. Since there are many children on the site, we will take a model in a swimsuit.

To start drawing, you need to know the proportions of a person, there are average proportions that were also brought out in antiquity. The unit of measurement is the length of the head and the height of the body is 7-8 heads. But in fact, people are very different and each time it is very uncomfortable to calculate the proportions, so you have to “fill” your eyes when drawing a body from a photo, or from a living person. Let's not get into it yet, since there are separate lessons, whole lectures on human anatomy, I will give links below.

Let's just try to draw a human body, in this case a girl. I measured the height of the head and laid down 7 of the same segments. She is almost 8 heads tall. Pay attention to where the shoulders, chest, elbows, waist, pubis, end of the arms, knees, feet are.

To draw the case of a girl, imagine her skeleton, by the way, the skeleton will also need to be studied, but not in great detail, at least the main details. And depict it simply with lines that would show the pose in which the girl is standing. At the beginning, while you are learning, always try to draw this simple body shape. It may seem to you that this is nonsense, but at this stage we already have to trace the basic proportions, it may be that your arms end above the pelvis or your legs are very short, or a long torso is not correct.

1. Draw the head with an oval, we show the location of the eyes with the horizontal line, and the middle of the head with the vertical line. Measure the length of the head with a ruler and set aside 7 more such segments down. Now focusing on the drawing, draw the so-called skeleton of the body. The width of the shoulders is equal to the width of two heads, in men - three.

2. Now, in a simplified way, draw the chest, the pelvic area, and, in circles, we show the flexible joints.

3. Erase the original lines and make the very light lines you drew in step 2, just go over them with the eraser. Now we draw the collarbone, neck, shoulders, chest, connect the lines of the chest and the ace on the sides, draw the lines of the legs and arms. Try to repeat all the bends, they are formed by the muscles. Those. to learn how to draw the human body you need to know the anatomy, skeleton and location of the muscles, and how the muscles and bones behave in different movements, postures.

4. We erase lines unnecessary to us, we draw a swimsuit. This is how you can correctly draw a human body for beginners with the help of such simple constructions.

Let's try to practice some more, just take a different pose, in the middle.

Click on the image to view the photo in more detail

So, we also start with building simple lines and shapes, pay due attention to this point, take your time. At first, you can bring the pencil to the screen and look at the direction, the slope of the lines, and then approximately also draw on paper. The distance from the toe to the pubis (pubic bone) and from it to the top of the head should be approximately the same, different deviations are allowed, because. people are different, but there should not be strong contrasts. We draw.

Now we are trying to convey the shape of the body, again I repeat, in order to understand why such bends occur, you must study the human anatomy, both bones and muscles can act.

Drawing a person can be the most vivid and profound experience in an artist's life. Today we have prepared for you tips from the famous Italian artist Giovanni Civardi from the book Drawing the Human Figure. Let this knowledge become a source of inspiration and creative stimulus, helping to convey mood and memories in the form of a drawing.

You can draw a human figure and a portrait with any materials - from pencils to watercolors. The pencil is the most common tool due to its low cost and versatility. Charcoal is great for fast drawings with strong tonal contrast and less suitable for fine details. Thick and smooth paper of good quality is recommended for ink. Mixed media is the simultaneous combination of different materials in one drawing.

Experiment to find your own techniques that will achieve the most expressiveness, and try to take advantage of random effects.

Fundamentals of plastic anatomy

Artists study anatomy in order to make meaningful representations of the human figure. To reproduce it reliably, you need not only to see, but also to understand what you are drawing.

Thanks to the knowledge of anatomy, the image becomes more convincing and alive than nature itself.

In general, the shape of the body is determined by the skeleton as the main supporting structure, the muscles that fit it, and the upper layer, consisting of a fatty cover. It is useful to know and remember the relative sizes of the articulating bones and their proportions relative to each other and the entire skeleton, because without this information it is impossible to “transfer” the figure to paper and acquire the skill to depict it logically and consistently.

Below are the main bones of the skull and neck, along with skin, cartilage, fat, muscle, hair, and more, in layers.

The skeleton of the male torso, enclosed in the contours of the body, in the frontal, lateral and dorsal planes. These drawings will help expand your understanding of body shape.

Upper and lower limbs in different planes. As in the previous figure, the skeletal structure is shown inside the outlines of the body.

It is important for an artist to consider three main aspects of muscles: their appearance (shape, size, volume), location (where it is in relation to the skeletal structure and adjacent muscles, how deep or superficial) and its mechanism (function, direction of muscle pull, corresponding changes in shape and etc.).

Proportions

In order for the drawing to come out believable, it is necessary to take into account the proportions of the body and head. The height of the head from the forehead to the chin is often taken as a unit of measurement for determining the proportions of the body. The growth of a standard figure is approximately 7.5-8 heads. Remember a few more proportional relationships: the head fits into the total height of the body with the neck three times, the length of the upper limbs is also three heads, and the lower ones are three and a half.

Despite the differences between individual individuals, they can be divided into three main groups of types with similar characteristics within each - ectomorphs, mesomorphs and endomorphs.

Hands and feet

It is easy to understand why the hands and feet, with their arrangement and variety of possible gestures, are considered the most difficult parts of the body to convincingly reproduce, both in drawing and in painting and sculpture.

Drawing your hands and feet is the best way to study them in as much detail as possible. You will be able to make sure that quite worthy studies are obtained, comparable to face drawings, and maybe even more expressive.

First, a quick (but diligent) sketch is performed in the desired angle and pose, then with the help of its “geometrization” the necessary anatomical information and volume are transmitted, after which the details and individual outlines are refined.

As well as for the head and body, knowledge about the structure of the bones of the feet and hands will be useful.

Draw your own hands and feet in different positions. You can use a mirror. Take different objects in your hands and convey the dynamics and mood of the gesture in the drawing.

Head, face, portrait

The main interest for the artist has always been the face and figure. A portrait is not just a reproduction of physical features for the purpose of recognizing a particular character. This is a story through facial expressions about his personality, thoughts and emotions.

How to draw a head and facial features, we described in detail in the article.

Outline of a person in a sketchbook

A sketch is a quick, spontaneous drawing from life, made in a short time with several informative lines. Drawing people in a natural setting, who do not pose on purpose and probably do not know that they are being viewed and depicted, will seem difficult at first. But there is no real reason to be afraid or lost - hardly anyone will pay attention to what you are doing.

The ability to portray strangers in any position and under any circumstances is important for the development of technical skills and value judgment. And, of course, the regular practice of sketching will hone the gift of observation and interpretation, teach you to look deeper and make quick, confident, understandable and accurate decisions.

A few quick tips on how to sketch from life:

• Get in the habit of always carrying a pencil and a small sketchbook—one that fits easily into your bag or pocket—in case something catches your eye or seems interesting.
• It is worth striving to increase observation and the ability to isolate the main thing and at the same time coordinate visual perception, value judgment and hand movements during the execution of the drawing.
• Do not try to reflect on paper everything that you see in nature. Given the limited amount of time and the risk of changing the pose of the model at any second, focus on the essentials.
• To learn how to use your memory to reproduce the sequence of basic phases of movement, you will need maximum concentration in observing people.

If you are still confused by the thought of drawing people from life (note that if someone notices what you are doing, some may be flattered and others will leave in displeasure), drawing statues can help prepare for this mentally and gain some confidence. and sculptures in museums or monuments in public places.

Check if the museum allows you to sketch, and if so, feel free to go there and sketch the sculptures from different angles.

This is how they teach drawing in Paris - in the courtyard of the Louvre with sculptures.

Stages of drawing

If you are drawing a whole figure (clothed or naked), you can first draw some quick, light lines to outline the space that it will take on a piece of paper (maximum height, maximum width, etc.). Then outline the main parts of the body (head, torso and limbs) taking into account relative proportions.

Finish the drawing with essential contours, shadows and details that cannot be left out. Erase guide lines if needed.

In the book "Drawing the Human Figure" each section is analyzed in as much detail as possible, there are detailed images of the human skeleton in different planes. It is described in detail how to draw a figure of a man, a woman, a child, an elderly person, how to depict a nude and a person in clothes.

A NATOMY

VERA VELICHKO

MAN AS ART

BUILDING BASICS

KEY FORMS

SECRETS OF THE LIVING BODY

TIPS FOR BEGINNERS

Moscow "Polygraph"

VERA VELICHKO

A NATOMIA

FOR ARTISTS

Moscow "Polygraph"

Velichko V. A.

A 00 Anatomy for artists. Tutorial. Moscow, Poligrafinya LLC, 2013. 209p.

© Vera Velichko

ISBN 000-0-00000-000-0

Every artist has an anatomy book on their shelf,

And perhaps not alone. However, few have studied these books in detail - most often we do not have enough time or energy for this. We close these books, frightened by the volume of materials,

And we say to ourselves - “as soon as I have free time, I will read it from cover to cover” This book was written to save you time.

and psyche. About is a collection of practical advice presented in a visual system. About easy to use, understandable even for novice artists,

And useful even for the experienced.

So, happy reading!

8 INTRODUCTION

2 0 A NATOMIA BRUSH

GENERAL CONTOUR MAIN VOLUME TRAJECTORY OF MOVEMENT CHARACTER OF VIEWS

5 4 FROM SHOULDER TO WRIST

GENERAL CONTOUR MAIN VOLUME SHAPE FEATURES VIEWS

7 4 MEN'S BODY

10 2 WOMEN'S BODY

GENERAL CONTOUR MAIN VOLUME DYNAMICS REDUCTION FORMS

INTRODUCTION

ON THE ART OF TRANSFER OF HUMAN NATURE

Michelangelo

Buonarroti Creation of Adam

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE ART OF TRANSFER

HUMAN NATURE

The human body is a complex system of volumes in constant motion. It is not enough just to study anatomy - you need to know (or even feel) how these volumes interact with each other in different poses, how muscles change in a tense or relaxed state.

All this is body language that tells the viewer about what is happening in the picture. And the mistake of the artist will lead to an incorrect interpretation of what is happening.

Michelangelo

Buonarroti Creation of Eve

The nature of the image

In this painting by Michelangelo, we see not only the plot, but also the character of each character. I vividly imagine this scene - how Eve is trying to explain something to God, he is trying to explain something to her, and he himself is no longer glad that he created a woman, and Adam is asleep, hoping that everything will be decided by itself. He doesn't care at all, he's still too young. The character is conveyed not only by the pose, but also by the personal characteristics of the characters - physique, facial expression, demeanor, etc. We can create an initial impression of a person based only on his appearance. There are stable types, such as "Young successful mother", "Angry old man", "Dreamer", "Naive girl" ...

The artist must know what features this or that type has, and use them consciously - otherwise, a little red riding hood with the face of a complete bitch or an inappropriately good-natured maniac may appear on your illustration.

Prophet Isaiah

Delicate facial features, graceful gestures, ease in posture. Impression: Intellectual, likes to philosophize on any topic.

Prophet Joel

Focused on reading, refined but stern features. Impression: A philosopher, a bit of a snob, does not like being distracted in vain and talking nonsense.

Prophet Ezekiel

Large facial features, reddish nose, dynamic posture. Impression: Argumentative, a bit of a rebel, perhaps a narrow-minded mind.

Prophet Jeremiah

Large body, dark face, slightly slumped shoulders, looking at the floor.

Impression: Silent and strong character, much

By the way, if this influx is removed, and the press is tightened, the feeling will be different, as if he is trying to stay in the fall. The thigh of the left leg is also relaxed, and displaced by the influx down. And so on...

Abbreviations

Another important point is the ability to work correctly with abbreviations. In our picture, the boy's left shin

shorter than the right, the left hand goes into contraction. In some poses, the human body gives us surprises - a combination of contractions and positions of different parts of the body gives a completely unexpected result, the figure becomes not like itself. Pay attention to the boy's back, how the left shoulder blade behaves. Such forms are difficult to predict, even if you know the anatomy thoroughly.

I will tell you about some of these moments in this book, but, of course, I cannot cover all of them. Therefore, remember the main rule - draw as much as possible from nature. Always go with a notepad at hand, do not be lazy to sometimes devote weekends to going to the sculpture museum - there is a lot of nature, and all of it is motionless. And even when you are not drawing, look carefully at people, notice features, try to remember what it looks like. You must “feel” the human body, study its habits, understand the logic of its structure.

And then even when drawing from your head, you will intuitively understand what is right and what is not.

A NATOMIA BRUSH

OR THE MOST DIFFICULT IN MAN

Artistic anatomy studies the technique of depicting the human body. Without knowledge of this science, there can be no real artist. A huge number of scientific works of leading teachers of art schools are devoted to the topic. Their visual aids of these are masterpieces of brilliant artists. Today there are art studios that form their own drawing technique programs based on this science, reflecting modern approaches to depicting the human body. Among them is the most popular Moscow studio "Matita" in this direction.

Features of teaching artistic anatomy

The teachers of the school are well-known artists who are in love with their work. Their original technique is designed for anyone who wants to learn the technique of drawing:

1. They do not just decorate the world with their works, but strive to introduce images of the beauty and harmony of the human body to people of any age in art.
2. Their students are ambitious young artists.
3. Artistic anatomy is studied by non-traditional methods of lectures.
4. It becomes the property of students drop by drop, in the process of creating their own picture.
5. The theory and practice of drawing are merged at all stages of work.

That is why so many grateful comments are addressed to teachers. Students go headlong into the creative process. They learn everything from the lips of qualified like-minded people:

1. The teacher subtly guides the technique of drawing.
2. A new life is born on the working canvas, a masterpiece created by people who had no idea about the hatching technique just yesterday.
3. The essence of this course is to teach to draw any person who does not have the initial skills.
4. This is achieved by mastering the author's hatching technique.

With us you can learn painting

The confidence of teachers that everyone can draw harmoniously passes to the subconscious of students. The exhibition hall of the school is eloquent evidence of this. Visit the company's website for a world of high artistic value. This is not only the professional work of teachers. These are paintings by beginning artists who managed to embody their own views in the drawing. The studio has created all the conditions for this:

1. Classes run on a flexible schedule. It is convenient for students and workers.
2. The creative laboratory of beginner artists is equipped with all the necessary attributes for creating a drawing.
3. You can start training with a trial lesson, in which applicants master the proposed methodology.
4. The idea of ​​the author is able to captivate without preparatory stages.

There were no cases of withdrawal after trial work. On the site you can see ready-made talented works performed at the preparatory lesson. They were performed not by artists, but by people who came for the first time to test their strength.

Especially high value is the studio for children with a desire to draw. They are able to get carried away with the creative process and make it the goal of their whole life. Today, the employment of children with truly useful hobbies is extremely relevant. It is able to distract kids and teenagers from the meaningless and dangerous games offered by modern information technology.

The studio gives children and teenagers a guiding thread to the development of abilities, the emergence of true talent, the disclosure of the best character traits, the formation of a creative personality. You can contact the school through the website. One click is enough to enter the harmonious world of high creativity. The studio is glad to meet you.