Yulia Ivanovna Bazanova (nee Lyavdonskaya) was born in 1852 in Siberia in the family of a poor officer. She lost her parents early and was raised by her grandfather. After graduating from the Girls' Institute of Eastern Siberia, she married Pyotr Ivanovich Bazanov. Bazanov's father, Ivan Ivanovich, was a well-known benefactor of Irkutsk. A merchant and gold miner, he donated large sums to a women's school, to the expedition of Prince Kropotkin, the construction of the Irkutsk teacher's seminary, a wooden theater, an insane asylum, etc. In 1883, the Bazanov Orphanage was opened in Irkutsk. In the name of I.I. Bazanov was named one of the streets of Irkutsk (now - Bogdan Khmelnitsky).

Yulia Ivanovna was widowed early, and she and her daughter Varvara lived "under the patronage of her husband's family." In 1892, after the death of her father-in-law, she became the sole owner of the main part of the capital of the Bazanov family and continued with honor the charitable work begun by I.I. Bazanov.

She inherited a huge fortune, gold mines and urban real estate. She handed over the management of all commercial and industrial affairs to trustees and in 1893 moved to Moscow. However, even then Bazanova did not leave Irkutsk, she helped, financed hospitals, student canteens, and prisons.

In Irkutsk, an Orphanage for 75 babies was built with her donations. In 1895, an outpatient clinic and a maternity ward for 200 women in labor were opened under him. At the same time, Bazanova financed the Geographical Society, which is engaged in the study of Siberia.

Yulia Ivanovna's greatest concern was for educational and cultural institutions and healthcare facilities. A shelter for convict children, a kindergarten, the Kazan Church, the Cathedral, a theater, a school in the Podgorno-Zhilkinsky village, a women's gymnasium and a progymnasium, the Orphanage House of E. Medvednikova, the library of the East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society are associated with her name in Irkutsk ( VSORGO), a teacher's seminary, the Kuznetsov Civil Hospital, etc. In the city, she enjoyed great respect and popularity.

In Moscow, Yulia Ivanovna Bazanova settled on Mokhovaya Street, in a house. Count L.N. addressed her. Tolstoy "with a request for financial assistance to the Caucasian Doukhobors".

Her most significant contribution to Moscow charity was the construction of one of the Moscow University clinics on Devichye Pole. In 1894, after the construction of the main part of the complex, she acquired ownership of a plot of land at the corner of Olsufevsky and Bozheninsky lanes (now Rossolimo street) for the construction of the Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases.

The choice of a clinic of this particular direction is due to the fact that Bazanova had a niece in Irkutsk, who once "got sick with a throat", and then there was no doctor in Russia who could help her.

The Moscow City Duma decided to name the new clinic after Yu.I. Bazanova and install her bust in one of the classrooms. The bust was made by the sculptor R.R. Bach, the pedestal was ordered in St. Petersburg to the architect V.I. Chagin.

A tablet in the form of a scroll with a laurel branch was fixed on a black pedestal. It was inscribed on the scroll: “To Yulia Ivanovna Bazanova as a sign of deepest gratitude for the greatest gift and for selfless activity for the benefit of the oldest Russian university as an instructive example for posterity. Council of the Imperial Moscow University May 8, 1896" In Soviet times, this bust was found in the ground during the clearing of the territory. Now it is in the exposition of the Research Center "Medical Museum".

In 1896, Bazanova initiated a fund for the construction of a library building at the Faculty of Medicine.

Yu.I. Bazanova transferred funds for the maintenance and development of the clinic, for a scientific journal. On the cover of one of the magazines "Le physiologiste russe" her portrait was placed with the inscription "A la noble Julie Basanoff 24.IV.1897".

In 1897, she was awarded a gold medal on the Annenskaya ribbon "For Diligence".

In 1909, Yulia Ivanovna was awarded the title of honorary citizen of the city of Irkutsk, her portrait adorned the meeting room of the Irkutsk City Duma.

In Moscow, Bazanova also participated in the construction of the Psychiatric Hospital. ON THE. Alekseev.

The daughter of Yulia Ivanovna, Varvara Petrovna, adopted from her mother the desire for charitable work. Many of the large donations were made jointly by them. V. Bazanova was also awarded the gold medal on the Annensky ribbon and the title of honorary citizen of Irkutsk.

Yu.I. Bazanova died in 1924. She is buried at the Vvedensky cemetery. The funeral was modest: Yulia Ivanovna did not like to draw attention to herself.

In the house of Bazanova on Mokhovaya in the 1930s and 40s. housed the State Literary Museum under the direction of V.D. Bonch-Bruevich, A. Khodnev was an employee of this museum. Preparing for publication the correspondence of L.N. Tolstoy, V.D. Bonch-Bruevich and A. Khodnev collected information about his correspondents. It is to this edition that we owe the surviving information about Yulia Ivanovna Bazanova.

A. Khodnev describes it this way: “Donating his large funds for good deeds, Yu.I. Bazanova never emphasized this, she did not divulge about them and really did not like any publicity and officiality, on the contrary, she helped and thanked with rare modesty and simplicity.

Biology. 8th grade. Bazanova T.I., Pavichenko Yu.V. and etc.

Kharkov: 2008. - 307 p.

Each chapter of the textbook consists of a short introduction, several paragraphs, headings "Man and the Animal World", "Our Laboratory", "Results". The heading "Man and the Animal World", which tells about the relationship of man with other animals, is required for study. But it is not necessary to study the materials of the “Our Laboratory” section. However, they can be of interest to both a biology lover and just an inquisitive person. The Summary section will help you summarize what you have learned. After the main text of the paragraph, you will find two task blocks. The tasks of the first block will help you understand the content of the paragraph, master the techniques of working with the educational text. The second block contains tasks for self-control. Among them there are simple ones, but there are also those requiring serious reasoning.

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CONTENT
The animal world is an integral part of nature.
Animal classification.
The structure and activity of animals.
The structure and function of the animal cell.
Life processes and systems of animal organisms.
Animal body tissues.
Reproduction and development of animals.
Animal habitats. Animals as a component of the ecosystem.
Animal behavior.
Unicellular animals or Protozoa.
Type Sarcoflagellate. Sarcode class. Amoeba proteus.
Type Sarcoflagellate. Class Flagellates (Flagellates). Bodo and euglena are green.
type of infusoria. Infusoria shoe.
multicellular animals. Types of Sponge and Coelenterates.
Sponge type: structure and activity. Sponge variety.
Type Intestinal. Hydra: structure and life.
Variety of intestinal. Their role in ecosystems.
Types Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids.
Types Flatworms. Class Ciliary worms. Planaria - lifestyle, tripling and life processes.
Types Flatworms. Class Flukes, class Tapeworms.
Type Primary cavity, or Roundworms. Class Nematodes.
Type Annelids. Class Small-bristle worms.
Diversity of annelids, their role in nature.
Arthropods.
Class Crustaceans. Crayfish, lifestyle and structure.
Diversity of crustaceans, their role in ecosystems.
Class Arachnids. Spider-cross, lifestyle and structure.
Variety of arachnids, their role in ecosystems.
Class Insects. Structure and life processes of insects.
Individual development of insects. Variety of insects.
social insects. Arthropod behavior. The role of arthropods in nature.
Shellfish.
Class Gastropoda.
Class bivalve molluscs.
Class cephalopods.
Type Chordates. Skullless. Fish.
Lancelet is a representative of the subtype Cranial.
Subtype Cranial. Fish are vertebrates adapted to life in the water.
Reproduction and behavior of fish. Seasonal phenomenon in the life of fish.
Class Bony fish. Variety of bony fish.
Class Cartilaginous fish.
Class Amphibians (Amphibians).
Amphibians - structure and life processes.
Reproduction and development of amphibians. Seasonal phenomena in the life of amphibians.
Diversity of amphibians, their role in ecosystems.
Class Reptiles (Reptiles).
Reptiles - the structure and processes of life.
Reproduction and development of reptiles, seasonal phenomena in their life. Reptile behavior.
A variety of reptiles, their role in nature.
Bird class.
The external structure of birds.
The internal structure of birds.
Reproduction and development of birds.
Seasonal phenomena in the life of birds. Bird behavior.
Variety of birds.
Class Mammals (Beasts).
The external structure of mammals.
The internal structure of mammals.
Reproduction and development of mammals. The behavior of mammals during reproduction.
Seasonal phenomena in the life of mammals. Mammalian behavior.
Diversity of mammals.
Diversity of placental mammals.
Organisms and habitat.
The influence of the environment on animals.
Relationships between humans and other animals.
Protection of the animal world.
The main stages of the historical development of the animal world.

Elena Bazanova is a talented artist from Russia, whose paintings have gained worldwide fame. Elena works in one of the most complex painting techniques - watercolor. Her paintings amaze with naturalness and realism. Bazanova's still lifes are saturated with color and filled with life. Spectators freeze at her canvases.

Biography of Elena Bazanova

The artist was born on November 16, 1968 in the Leningrad region. The girl grew up as a creative person. From childhood, she was fond of drawing. Parents developed their daughter's abilities and at the age of six took her to an art school in her hometown of Slantsy. Drawing in watercolor so fascinated young Lena that at an early age she decided to connect her life with art. The teachers of the art studio immediately saw the potential in the girl and recommended her parents to enter the Art School of St. Petersburg.

In 1986, a young and talented artist Elena Bazanova became one of the best graduates of the Secondary Art School at the Academy of Arts (today - Academic Art Lyceum named after B. Ioganson).

In the same year, she was enrolled in the book graphics workshop of the Academy of Arts (I.E. Repin Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture), which she graduated in 1992.

Being a student of the Academy, the artist Elena Bazanova started illustrating children's books (since 1996).

Beginning in 1989, St. Petersburg publishing houses began to invite a talented artist to work more and more actively.

In 1995, Elena was admitted to the Union of Artists of Russia.

And in 2006 she joined the St. Petersburg Society of Watercolorists.

Today the Artist Elena Bazanova and her watercolors are known all over the world. The canvases of the St. Petersburg craftswoman adorn private collections not only in Russia, but also in Germany, France, England, Iceland and a number of other foreign countries.

The watercolorist's still lifes are exhibited in galleries in Kazakhstan, the USA, the Netherlands, etc.

Elena's paintings are multiple winners of various competitions and festivals. They amaze the audience with their freshness, liveliness and realism.

The piggy bank of the artist Elena Bazanova's achievements is full. She received her first award at the 1st International Biennale in 1999, becoming a laureate of the 1st degree.

2008 Elena's illustration won the Grand Prix at the IV International Biennale of Graphics "BIN-2008".

In 2014, Bazanova with her watercolor entered the final of the 1st world watercolor competition "The World Watercolor Exhibition", held in France.

Love for painting

According to the artist, she loved watercolor from birth. “I feel it,” Elena says in an interview. The still life master claims that she grew and matured along with watercolor. Studying new techniques and mastering the techniques of working with this difficult material, she felt her own strength and fell more and more in love with painting.

Artistic techniques

The professional development of the artist Elena Bazanova, according to her, was influenced by the works of such masters of painting as Karl Bryullov, Fyodor Tolstoy, Andrew Wyeth.

Studying the work of the masters of art, she, however, did not create idols for herself.

Elena works in her own technique. It seems that she paints pictures not with a brush, but with her soul and heart. The artist has such sincere and lively canvases.

Elena performs most of her works in wet technique. Very often in the process of drawing techniques are mixed. "I use the canvas as I need - wet, wet or dry," - says the master.

In addition to watercolor, Elena owns many other painting techniques, which she studied while studying at the Academy.

When illustrating, for example, she often uses ink, pen, and colored pencils.

illustration

While still a student, Elena began to make illustrations for children's books commissioned by St. Petersburg publications. To date, her experience in this area is quite large.

The master approaches each work individually. Her illustrations are not the same. Drawing techniques and materials are selected by Bazanova in accordance with the text and style of writing the book.

Her graduation project, entitled “Don’t listen, don’t like it”, was an illustration of Stepan Pisakhov’s fairy tale “Frozen Wolves”.

2008 Elena Bazanova and her large-scale project - an illustration of L. Carroll's book "Alice in Wonderland" - won the Grand Prix of the International Biennale. This work is filled with experiments and a stream of creative inspiration. Making illustrations for the fairy tale, the artist Elena Bazanova skillfully combined ink, pen, watercolor and colored pencils in a harmonious ensemble, thanks to which the craftswoman managed to achieve visually additional volume and realism of the paintings.

Elena admits that she dreams of illustrating the book "The Chronicles of Narnia", but so far she does not have enough free time for this large-scale work.

Teaching activity

One day, Elena was offered to participate in a seminar on watercolor technique, which was held in Germany. Seeing the keen interest of the audience in her work, the still life master decided to share her experience with colleagues and art lovers at her master classes. Artist Elena Bazanova is also writing a book on watercolor painting techniques and has published a scientific article "The Elements of Water and Paint" in the collection "Technologies of Fine Arts", which is recommended by the Ministry as a textbook for art academies.

Among the main scientific works of I.A. Bazanov, first of all, two of his works, which are dissertational studies of the organization of the mortgage (patrimonial) system in foreign and Russian law, should be mentioned: ; Moscow, 1900) and (2) "The patrimonial regime in Russia. Its origin, current state and reform project" (Tomsk, 1910). Both studies, as their author himself noted, were "prompted by the same legal event, united by a common goal and form departments in the execution of one broader general plan" . These works were highly appreciated by the scientific community. During a public debate on the first of them, Professor L.A. Kasso, a generally recognized specialist in the field of pledge law, who acted as an official opponent, recognized the dissertation's work as deserving special attention. The second work, which, according to critics, contained the most interesting, bold and somewhat unexpected conclusions about the historical fate of Russian mortgage law, based on a study of hitherto unstudied ancient Russian legal documents, was also recognized as worthy to take "an honorable position due to it in our legal literature" . A well-known researcher of the Russian voice A.S. Zvonitsky mentioned the name of I.A. Bazanov as the author of one of the five independent theories existing in domestic civil law about the essence of the Old Russian voice (along with Meyer, Duvernoy, Casso and Udintsev), although he subjected this theory to thorough criticism. Well-known to specialists, these works have not lost their significance and today, on the contrary, for modern Russia they may have become even more relevant than they were then, at the time of their writing, on the eve of the great upheavals that awaited the country, which for many years discarded as an institution itself. mortgages, and in general private right to the backyards of history and those terms that have forgotten themselves.

Other works written by I.A. Bazanov are less known and reflect somewhat different areas of the author's scientific interests. Among them are the two speeches already mentioned, delivered at solemn meetings in 1902 and 1911. in Tomsk and published in the university "Izvestia": "The main features of the civil law system of the peasants according to the provisions of February 19 and later legalizations" and "The fate of the peasant question after the reform of February 19, 1861" . In them, the author analyzes the post-reform fate of the peasant question, reveals the legislative miscalculations of the reform and the shortcomings of government measures taken after February 19, 1861, which impede the real emancipation of the peasantry, points out ways to eliminate them. He shows that the Regulations of February 19, 1861 "became the common fate of historical acts. They also came out of the crucible of an acute struggle of heterogeneous forces and interests. They do not consistently implement any specific principles; they open up a place along with the principles of real state policy - the principles dreamy Slavophilism, along with the beginnings of freedom - the beginning of a new dependence and strength, along with the beginnings of introducing the peasants to the general forms of civil life - the beginning of the isolation of the peasantry into a special social category. These initial shortcomings of the reform were exacerbated by the subsequent government policy of the 80s of the XIX century: “upon the liberation of the peasants, the government turned its back on the countryside, abandoned it and did almost nothing for its cultural prosperity. The custom, with the complication of life relations, with the differentiation of the peasantry on economic grounds etc. turns into a screen of arbitrariness, the volost court - into a distortion of the idea of ​​​​justice, rural self-government shows features of complete disorder, etc. etc. " Bazanov saw the main obstacles to the actual liberation of the peasants in maintaining the power of the community over the peasant, which, "limiting the economic initiative of the latter, introduced into the life of the peasant the features of collectivism and communism, which sharply contradicted the general civil system of modern Russia", in the existing form of a peasant family, often not based on consanguinity, in the system of allotment farming, where no initiative was left for the individual, in the jurisdiction of peasant affairs to estate volost courts, guided in their decisions not by law, the same for the entire population, but by “conscience” and custom. Under such conditions, "every somewhat sensitive and gifted peasant tried to escape from the family and from the community in order to start activities outside the allotment economy: the village was ruined, fell, came into ferment" .

In these small works, calling for the extension of the general civil legislation to the legal relations of the peasants, according to which the rest of the population of Russia lives, Bazanov re-formulates his understanding of the social role of the legislator and law-making activity, which contrasts with the ideology of the obsolete historical school. “The legislator,” he writes, “is not a simple antiquary who knows the value only of old things. He is an artist. Dealing with historical material, taking into account its properties, the legislator authoritatively builds social order for the future. Starting from the historical combination of social forces, he subjugates his imperious chisel of a certain goal, expected in the future.

Only the law is such an imperious cutter.

This law should have been made a source of law for our multi-million peasantry as well.

Finally, until today, the works published by I.A. Bazanov in exile. The Bulgarian period of the scientist’s work, completely hidden from civil researchers, is marked by his appeal to a wide range of legal problems that were relevant then, but, of course, retain their significance today. These are issues of the judiciary and legal proceedings in Bulgaria and post-revolutionary Russia, problems of housing law and civil law regulation of real estate turnover, general problems of civil law and scientific research methodology, etc. In total, he published 13 articles in Bulgarian periodicals (of course, for a period of 23 years extremely few by today's standards), mostly in Bulgarian. However, the most fundamental and important work of I.A. Bazanov during the emigration period is a two-volume course on Roman law published by him at the end of his life, summarizing the author's many years of experience in studying and teaching the disciplines of the "romantic" cycle - a course that is very popular among Bulgarian novelists, but still unknown in Russia. It seems, however, that it is still waiting for its translator and publisher and, one would like to hope, will become available to the Russian legal community in the near future.

In this edition, the reader is invited to the master's thesis of I.A. Bazanov "The origin of the modern mortgage. The latest trends in patrimonial law in connection with the modern system of the national economy." We believe that this work can serve as an example of a truly scientific, classical work, one of those that Russian jurisprudence of the late 19th - early 20th centuries was so rich in, and, undoubtedly, will take its rightful place among other volumes published by the Statut publishing house and the Department of Civil rights of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov series "Classics of Russian civil law".

It should also be noted that two memorable dates were associated with the past year 2003, which are directly related to the fate of the author of the republished work: this is, firstly, the 125th anniversary of Tomsk University, within the walls of which the years of the most fruitful scientific, pedagogical and social activities of I.A. Bazanov, and secondly, the 60th anniversary of his death. We believe, however, that the republishing of Ivan Aleksandrovich's works will serve as the beginning of a "second life" for the name of the outstanding Tomsk professor in the hearts, minds, and works of Russian civilists.

In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the materials provided and the assistance provided in the preparation of this essay to the Deputy Director of the Scientific Library of Tomsk State University (NB TSU) Galina Stepanovna Erokhin, Head of the Department of Literary Monuments of the NB TSU Galina Iosifovna Kolosova, Director of the Museum of History of TSU Irina Borisovna Delich , senior researcher of the Tomsk Regional Art Museum Inna Petrovna Tyurina, as well as my friends and colleagues from Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridsky Konstantin Tanev and Teodor Piperkov. I cannot but express a special feeling of gratitude and appreciation to the granddaughter of Ivan Alexandrovich Bazanov Olga Vsevolodovna Morel and her husband, the French Ambassador to the Holy See Pierre Morel for unforgettable moments of communication, warmth and all-round support in the undertaking.

BEFORE. Aces

[Abstracts and minutes of the discussion of the report by I.A. Bazanova "Civil-legal side of the measures necessary to improve the natural conditions of European Russia"]: Moscow Law Society in 1893-94. Meeting on November 8, 1893 // Ibid. T. 3. St. Petersburg, 1894. Chronicle, p. 111-114.

[Minutes of the discussion of the report by I.A. Bazanov "Water law, its main principles in foreign and Russian legislations"]: Moscow Law Society in 1893-94. Meeting on November 22, 1893 // Ibid. Chronicle, p. 114-124.

[Scientific translation]: Regelsberger F. General doctrine of law / Translation by I.A. Bazanov, ed. prof. Yu.S. Gambarova. M .: Printing house of the Highest approved T-va I.D. Sytina, 1897. 296 p.

S.Sh. F. Regelsberger. General doctrine of law. Translation by I.A. Bazanov, edited by prof. Yu.S. Gambarova. M., 1897 // Journal of the Law Society at the Imperial St. Petersburg University. 1897. Prince. VIII. October. St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Governing Senate, 1897. Criticism and bibliography. C. 3.

The origin of the modern mortgage. The latest trends in patrimonial law in connection with the modern system of the national economy. M., 1900; News of the Imperial Tomsk University. Book. XVII. Tomsk, 1900. 452 p.; M.: Statute, 2004.

Dispute I.A. Bazanov at Moscow University // Law. 1900. No. 21. Sunday, May 21. Stb. 1078-1081.

The main features of the civil law system of the peasants according to the provisions of February 19 and later legalizations: Speech read at the solemn act of the university on October 22, 1902 // News of the Imperial Tomsk University. Book. XXII. Tomsk, 1902. 34 p.

Draft charter of dairy partnerships // Proceedings of the West Siberian Agricultural Society. Tomsk, 1902.

Questions for surveying the current state of the local court in Siberia in view of its forthcoming reform // Pravo. 1909. N 25. Sunday, June 21. Stb. 1512-1514.

patrimonial regime in Russia. Its origin, current state and reform project // Bulletin of the Imperial Tomsk University. Book. XXXIX. Tomsk, 1910. III. 304 p.

The fate of the peasant question after the reform of February 19, 1861. Tomsk: Printing House of the Shelter and the House of Labor, 1911. 13 p. // Bulletin of the Imperial Tomsk University. Book. XLVIII. Tomsk, 1910 (woven in).

Mortgage regime in Bulgaria // Yearbook for Sofia University. XV-XVI (1918-1919-1920). T. ___. Faculty of Law. 1921. S. 1-13; civil research. Issue. I / Ed. B. L. Haskelberg, D. O. Tuzov. M.: Statute, 2004.

The Court under the Provisional Government in Russia // Anniversary collection was published on the initiative of the Faculty of Law at Sofia University in honor of S.S. Bobchev, on the occasion of petdesetgo-dishnat mu, is scientific, journalistic and social activity. Sofia, 1921. S. 199-206; civil research. Issue. I / Ed. B.L. Haskelberg, D.O. Tuzov. M.: Statute, 2004.

Law for endowment for housing needs // Legally pregled. 1922. N 1. S. 11-15.

Selskiat sjd in Russia and Bulgaria // Legally pregled. 1922. N 3. S. 108-112.

Selskiat sjd // Legally prohibited. 1922. N 4. S. 158-162.

The law for the public osigurovka // Legally prohibited. 1922. No. 6-7. pp. 256-259;

Lipsa is important in Bulgarian sdebni zakoni // Legally pregled. 1922. N 9. S. 397-400.

Influence of the sale of real estate on the hiring of the latter // Legal misal. 1924. N 3. S. 49-62.

On request for an assistant at the University // Legally pregled. 1927. N 10. S. 417-420.

Unification on private law // Legally pregled. 1929. N 6. S. 238-243.

Historical method in universal research // Legal archive. 1930. N 4. S. 435-438.

Resolutive condition // Legally prejudiced. 1931. N 2. S. 68-73.

Civil law transcends the time of crisis in the people's stomach // Legally impeded. 1933. N 1. S. 12-19.

Roman law course. T. 1-2. Sofia: Univ. Printed., 1940 (T. 1. Brief review of Roman civil law. The doctrine of persons and legal acts. Property law. Bond law. XVI, 564 p.; T. 2. Family law. Inheritance law. Roman civil procedure. X , 296 p.).

Bazanov Ivan Alexandrovich // New Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. ed. honorary academician K.K. Arseniev. Publishers F.A. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron. SPb., b.g. (but not before 1911). T. IV. Stb. 667.

Almanac of the Faculty of Law at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski". 1892-1992. Sofia: University Press "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1992. P. 30-31.

Doctor of law. [Conversation about I.A. Bazanov with Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Tomsk University S.F. Fominykh] // Red Banner (Tomsk). 1995. N 52. March 2. C. 3.

Martynov B. Prof. I.A. Bazanov. patrimonial regime in Russia. Its origin, current state and reform project. Tomsk 1910 // Law. 1910. No. 50. Sunday, December 12. Stb. 3092-3094.

Professors of Tomsk University: Biographical Dictionary. Issue. I. 1888-1917. Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk University, 1996. S. 31-34.

Rectors of Tomsk University: Biographical Dictionary (1888-2003). Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk University, 2003. S. 69-73.

The Bazanovs in the history of Tomsk / Fominykh S.F., Tyurina I.P. Tomsk, 2003.

Tuzov D.O. Ivan Alexandrovich Bazanov, Professor of Tomsk and Sofia Universities // Civilistic Studies. Issue. I / Ed. B.L. Haskelberg, D.O. Tuzov. M.: Statute, 2004.

"Dry presentation of factual material..." (E.S. Rogova)

This volume of the series "Classics of Russian Civil Law" presents the work of Ivan Alexandrovich Bazanov "The Origin of Modern Mortgage. The Newest Trends in Estate Law in Connection with the Modern System of the National Economy".

This work first saw the light of day more than 100 years ago, and was published in 1900 "according to the decision of the Faculty of Law of the Imperial Tomsk University of October 28, 1899." .

As the author himself admits, "the idea of ​​this study was born: while getting acquainted with the Russian draft of the patrimonial charter of 1893. The draft of the patrimonial charter aims to establish in our country the same patrimonial-mortgage regime, which, with unequal success, has long won an honorable place in the law of our Western neighbors and which was there the result of a complex series of various factors. Moreover, this innovation needed scientific coverage from us ".

The work of I.A. Bazanova was written and published at a time when significant changes in the regulation of land turnover were taking place in European countries. For the first time after the adoption of the French Civil Code (Napoleon Code) in 1804, a codification of this level appeared: in 1896, the German Civil Code (GGU) was adopted, the draft of which Bismarck, not without reason, called "Pandora's box". On January 1, 1900, the GGU began to operate in Germany, at the same time an important law on land books, the law on the mortgage bank and the new German Commercial Code came into force.

The scientist himself explains the choice of the research topic as follows: "A new movement in the patrimonial law of cultural peoples opens at the dawn of the modern economic and social system and reaches its greatest development where the modern economic and social system has received its highest expression: Mortgage as a legal form of real credit stood in the center of all the outlined changes in patrimonial law in recent times. The process began with her, it was expressed first and sharpest of all, and all the above remarks apply to her in their entirety ".

Undoubtedly, the formation and development of capitalist relations played a significant role in the development of mortgage lending ("mortgage as a legal form of real credit"). "The totality ... of production relations constitutes the economic structure of society, the real basis on which the legal and political superstructure rises ... With changes in the economic basis ... a revolution takes place in the entire vast superstructure." It is with their development that even the very approaches to the turnover of real estate and the claims secured by the pledge of real estate are changing. In relation to mortgages, these changes consisted not only in the "unification" of rather original norms of various national legislations, but also in the fact that capitalist relations demanded greater flexibility from mortgages and, in modern economic terms, greater liquidity. L.V. wrote about this back in 1890 (i.e., during the early development of capitalist relations in Russia). Gantover: "The development of domestic industry and trade, the construction of railways, the organization of banks, and finally state loans - all these circumstances demanded a significant part of the ... stock of capital that our country possesses. In these circumstances, therefore, land credit found itself the more dangerous the competition, the more advantages the purchase of state funds, all kinds of shares and bonds included ... These advantages will become especially obvious if we compare, for example, the possibility of an easy and quick sale of the aforementioned securities ... not associated with any costs and formalities, and, consequently, the possibility of the return at any time of receiving your capital and re-investing it, with that immobility, which ... is a distinctive feature of a land loan "

Biology, Grade 8, Bazanova T.I., Pavichenko Yu.V., Shatrovsky A.G., 2008

In the 7th grade, you got acquainted with the kingdoms of Plants, Fungi and Bacteria, and this year you are starting to study the kingdom of Animals. Like plants, animals are found in all habitats. Among them there are multicellular organisms of different sizes, there are also microscopic unicellular organisms. The differences between representatives of this kingdom are striking: it is hard to believe that all the creatures in Figure 1.1 are animals, but they are. What common properties do these organisms have, on what grounds do they belong to the Animal kingdom?

Principles of classification.
Compare a cat and an anemone, and then a cat and a fox. Which pair of animals do you find more common features? No doubt, the fox and the cat. This means that a cat and a fox, according to the number of common features, can be combined into a group of "close relatives", and a cat and anemone - into a group of "distant relatives". That is how, combining animals into groups characterized by a certain number of common features, scientists classify them. The principles of classification were proposed by the great Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus almost 300 years ago. However, to this day, scientists continue to work on its improvement.

In the modern classification, the features by which animals are grouped are the features of their internal and external structure, life processes, the ability to produce viable offspring, etc. The subject of the science of taxonomy is the description, naming and classification of animals into groups in accordance with common features. To find out which systematic group an animal belongs to, special books are used - animal determinants.

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