Bazarov's illness. The death of Bazarov: one of the most important episodes of the novel "Fathers and Sons

The old Bazarovs were all the more delighted at the sudden arrival of their son, the less they expected him. Arina Vlasyevna was so alarmed and ran around the house that Vasily Ivanovich compared her to a "partridge": the short ponytail of her short blouse really gave her something birdlike. And he himself only mumbled and nibbled at the side of the amber of his chibouk, and, grabbing his neck with his fingers, turned his head, as if trying to see if it was well screwed on, and suddenly opened his wide mouth and laughed without any noise.

I came to you for six whole weeks, old man, ”Bazarov told him,“ I want to work, so please don’t bother me.

Forget my face, that's how I'll bother you! - answered Vasily Ivanovich.

He kept his promise. Having placed his son as before in the study, he just did not hide from him and kept his wife from any unnecessary explanations of tenderness. “We, my mother,” he told her, “on Enyushka’s first visit, he got a little bored: now you have to be smarter.” Arina Vlasyevna agreed with her husband, but gained little from this, because she saw her son only at the table and was completely afraid to speak to him. “Enyushenka!” she used to say, “and before he even has time to look back, she is already sorting through the laces of her reticule and babbling:“ Nothing, nothing, I’m like that, ”and then he will go to Vasily Ivanovich and say to him, propping his cheek:“ How, my dear, to find out: what does Enyusha want for dinner today, cabbage soup or borscht? “Why didn’t you ask him yourself?” - "And we'll get bored!" However, Bazarov himself soon stopped locking himself up: the fever of work left him and was replaced by dreary boredom and muffled anxiety. A strange weariness was noticeable in all his movements, even his gait, firm and swiftly bold, changed. He stopped walking alone and began to seek company; drank tea in the living room, wandered around the garden with Vasily Ivanovich and smoked with him "in silence"; once inquired about Father Alexei. Vasily Ivanovich was at first delighted at this change, but his joy was short-lived. "Enyusha crushes me," he complained quietly to his wife, "He's not just dissatisfied or angry, that would be nothing; he's upset, he's sad - that's what's terrible. Everything is silent, even if he scolds us with you; he's losing weight, his complexion is so bad." old woman, - I would put an amulet on his neck, but he won’t allow it. " Vasily Ivanovich several times tried to ask Bazarov in the most careful way about his work, about his health, about Arkady ... But Bazarov answered him reluctantly and carelessly, and once, noticing that his father, in conversation, was gradually getting under something, said to him with annoyance: “Why are you all walking around me as if on tiptoe? This manner is even worse than before.” - "Well, well, well, I'm nothing!" - Poor Vasily Ivanovich hastily answered. Just as fruitless were his political allusions. Having spoken once, about the imminent liberation of the peasants, about progress, he hoped to arouse the sympathy of his son; but he said indifferently: “Yesterday I passed the fence and heard the local peasant boys, instead of some old song, bawling: The right time comes, the heart feels love ... That's progress for you."

Sometimes Bazarov went to the village and, joking as usual, entered into a conversation with some peasant. “Well,” he told him, “explain to me your views on life, brother: after all, they say, all the strength and future of Russia is in you, a new era in history will begin from you, you will give us both a real language and laws.” The peasant either did not answer anything, or uttered words like the following: “But we can ... too, therefore, it means ... what kind of aisle we have, approximately.” “Will you explain to me what your world is? Bazarov interrupted him, “and is this the same world that stands on three fish?”

This, father, the earth stands on three fish, - the peasant explained soothingly, with patriarchal good-natured melodiousness, - but against ours, that is, the world, it is known, the master's will; therefore you are our fathers. And the stricter the master exacts, the sweeter the peasant.

After listening to such a speech, Bazarov once contemptuously shrugged his shoulders and turned away, and the peasant wandered off.

What was he talking about? - asked him another peasant of middle years and a gloomy look, from a distance, from the threshold of his hut, who was present at his conversation with Bazarov. - About the arrears, or what?

What about the arrears, my brother! - answered the first peasant, and in his voice there was no longer a trace of patriarchal melodiousness, but, on the contrary, some kind of careless severity was heard, - so, he chatted something; I wanted to scratch my tongue. It is known, master; does he understand?

Where to understand! - answered the other peasant, and, shaking their hats and pulling down their sashes, they both began to talk about their affairs and needs. Alas! Bazarov, who contemptuously shrugged his shoulders and knew how to talk to the peasants (as he boasted in an argument with Pavel Petrovich), this self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in their eyes he was still something like a pea jester ...

However, he finally found something to do. Once, in his presence, Vasily Ivanovich was bandaging a peasant's wounded leg, but the old man's hands were shaking, and he could not cope with the bandages; his son helped him and from then on began to participate in his practice, without ceasing to laugh at the means that he himself advised, and at his father, who immediately put them into play. But Bazarov's taunts did not in the least embarrass Vassily Ivanovich; they even consoled him. Holding his greasy dressing gown with two fingers on his stomach and smoking his pipe, he listened to Bazarov with pleasure, and the more anger there was in his antics, the more good-naturedly his happy father laughed, showing all his black teeth to the last. He even repeated these, sometimes stupid or senseless, tricks and, for example, for several days, neither to the village nor to the city, kept repeating: “Well, this is the ninth case!” - only because his son, having learned that he went to matins, used this expression. "God bless! stop moping! he whispered to his wife. - How you beat me today, a miracle! But the thought that he had such an assistant delighted him, filled him with pride. “Yes, yes,” he said to some woman in a man’s coat and a horned kiche, handing her a glass of Goulard’s water or a jar of bleached ointment, “you, my dear, should thank God every minute that my son is visiting me: for the most You are now being treated with scientific and latest methods, do you understand that? Emperor of the French, Napoleon, and he does not have a better doctor. And the woman who came to complain that she was “raised on the bells” (however, she herself could not explain the meaning of these words), only bowed and climbed into her bosom, where she had four eggs wrapped at the end of a towel.

Bazarov once even pulled out a tooth from a visiting peddler with red goods, and although this tooth belonged to the number of ordinary ones, Vasily Ivanovich kept it as a rarity and, showing it to his father Alexei, incessantly repeated:

Look at the roots! Eugene has such strength! The Krasnoryadets rose into the air like that ... It seems to me that the oak tree would have flown out! ..

Commendable! Father Alexei finally said, not knowing what to answer and how to get rid of the old man who had come into ecstasy.

Once a peasant from a neighboring village brought his brother, who was ill with typhus, to Vasily Ivanovich. Lying face down on a bundle of straw, the unfortunate man was dying; dark spots covered his body, he had long lost consciousness. Vasily Ivanovich expressed regret that no one had thought of turning to medicine before, and announced that there was no salvation. Indeed, the peasant did not take his brother home: he died in the cart.

Three days later, Bazarov went into his father's room and asked if he had a hellish stone?

Eat; what do you need?

It is necessary ... to cauterize the wound.

How, yourself! Why is this? What is this wound? Where is she?

Here, on the finger. Today I went to the village, you know where the typhoid peasant was brought from. For some reason they were going to open it, but I had not practiced this for a long time.

Well, so I asked the county doctor; well, he cut himself.

Vasily Ivanovich suddenly turned pale all over and, without saying a word, rushed into the study, from where he immediately returned with a piece of hellish stone in his hand. Bazarov wanted to take him and leave.

For God's sake, - said Vasily Ivanovich, - let me do it myself.

Bazarov chuckled.

What a hunter of practice you are!

Don't joke, please. Show your finger. The rank is not big. Doesn't it hurt?

Push harder, don't be afraid.

Vasily Ivanovich stopped.

What do you think, Eugene, wouldn't it be better for us to cauterize with iron?

This should have been done earlier; and now, for real, and a hellish stone is not needed. If I've been infected, it's too late now.

How ... late ... - Vasily Ivanovich could hardly pronounce.

Still would! more than four hours have passed since then.

Vasily Ivanovich burned the wound a little more.

Didn't the county doctor have a hellish stone?

Did not have.

How is that, my God! Doctor - and does not have such a necessary thing?

You should have looked at his lancets," said Bazarov, and went out.

Until evening and throughout the next day, Vasily Ivanovich found fault with every possible pretext for entering his son's room, and although he not only did not mention his wound, but even tried to talk about the most foreign objects, he looked so insistently into his son's room. eyes and watched him so anxiously that Bazarov lost patience and threatened to leave. Vasily Ivanovich gave him his word not to worry, especially since Arina Vlasyevna, from whom, of course, he hid everything, began to pester him, why was he not sleeping and what had happened to him? For two whole days he was strong, although he did not like the sight of his son, at whom he kept looking furtively ... but on the third day at dinner he could not stand it. Bazarov sat looking down and did not touch a single dish.

Why don't you eat, Eugene? he asked, putting on his most unconcerned expression. - The dish seems to be well prepared.

I don't want to, so I don't eat.

Do you have no appetite? And the head? he added in a timid voice, "does it hurt?"

Hurts. Why doesn't she get sick?

Arina Vlasyevna straightened up and became alert.

Don't be angry, please, Yevgeny," continued Vasily Ivanovich, "but won't you let me feel your pulse?

Bazarov got up.

I'll tell you without touching that I have a fever.

And was there a chill?

There was also chills. I'll go lie down, and you send me linden tea. I must have caught a cold.

That's what I heard, you coughed tonight, - said Arina Vlasyevna.

I caught a cold,” repeated Bazarov, and left.

Arina Vlasyevna busied herself with making tea from lime blossoms, while Vasily Ivanovich went into the next room and silently clutched his hair.

Bazarov did not get up that day and spent the whole night in a heavy, half-forgetful slumber. At one o'clock in the morning, opening his eyes with an effort, he saw above him by the light of the lamp the pale face of his father, and ordered him to go away; he obeyed, but immediately returned on tiptoe and, half-hidden by the closet doors, looked inescapably at his son. Arina Vlasyevna also did not go to bed, and, having slightly opened the door of the study, now and then she came up to listen to "how Enyusha was breathing" and to look at Vassily Ivanovich. She could only see his motionless, hunched back, but even that gave her some relief. In the morning Bazarov tried to get up; his head was spinning, his nose bled; he lay down again. Vasily Ivanovich waited on him silently; Arina Vlasyevna came in and asked him how he felt. He answered: "Better" - and turned to the wall. Vasily Ivanovich waved both hands at his wife; she bit her lip to keep from crying and went out. Everything in the house suddenly seemed to darken; all faces stretched out, there was a strange silence; some loud-mouthed rooster was carried from the yard to the village, which for a long time could not understand why they were doing this to him. Bazarov continued to lie, leaning against the wall. Vasily Ivanovich tried to turn to him with various questions, but they tired Bazarov, and the old man froze in his chairs, only occasionally cracking his fingers. He went for a few moments into the garden, stood there like a statue, as if stricken with unspeakable amazement (the expression of amazement did not leave his face at all), and returned again to his son, trying to avoid his wife's questions. She finally grabbed his hand and convulsively, almost threateningly, said: “What’s the matter with him?” Then he caught himself and forced himself to smile back at her; but, to his own horror, instead of a smile, laughter came from somewhere. He sent for the doctor in the morning. He considered it necessary to warn his son about this, so that he would not get angry somehow.

Bazarov suddenly turned around on the sofa, looked intently and stupidly at his father, and asked for a drink.

Vassily Ivanovich gave him some water and by the way felt his forehead. He burned like that.

Old man,” Bazarov began in a hoarse and slow voice, “my business is lousy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.

Vasily Ivanovich staggered as if someone had hit him on the legs.

Eugene! - he murmured, - what are you! .. God be with you! You caught a cold…

Enough, - Bazarov interrupted him slowly. - It's not right for a doctor to say that. All the signs of infection, you yourself know.

Where are the signs of… infection, Eugene?.. have mercy!

And what's that? said Bazarov, and, lifting up the sleeve of his shirt, he showed his father the ominous red spots that had come out.

Vasily Ivanovich trembled and went cold with fear.

Let's suppose, - he said at last, - let's suppose ... if ... even if something like ... infection ...

- Pyemia, said the son.

Well, yes ... like ... epidemics ...

Piemii," Bazarov repeated sternly and distinctly. - Has Al forgotten his notebooks?

Well, yes, yes, as you please ... But still we will cure you!

Well, it's boobies. But that's not the point. I didn't expect to die so soon; this is an accident, a very, to tell the truth, unpleasant. You and your mother must now take advantage of the fact that religion is strong in you; Here's your chance to put it to the test. He drank some more water. - And I want to ask you about one thing ... while my head is still in my power. Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow my brain, you know, will resign. Even now I'm not quite sure if I'm expressing myself clearly. While I was lying, it seemed to me that red dogs were running around me, and you were doing a stance over me, like over a black grouse. I'm definitely drunk. Do you understand me well?

Have mercy, Evgeny, you speak absolutely properly.

All the better; you told me, you sent for the doctor... You amuse yourself with this... you will amuse me too: you send a courier...

To Arkady Nikolaitch, - picked up the old man.

Who is Arkady Nikolaevich? said Bazarov, as if in thought. - Oh yes! this chick! No, don't touch him: he is now in the jackdaws. Do not be surprised, this is not nonsense. And you sent a courier to Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, there is such a landowner here ... You know? (Vasily Ivanovich nodded his head.) Yevgeny, they say, Bazarov ordered to bow and ordered to say that he was dying. Will you do it?

I will fulfill it... But is it possible for you to die, you, Eugene... Judge for yourself! Where will the justice be then?

I do not know this; but only you went on purpose.

I'll send it this minute, and I'll write the letter myself.

No, why; say that you ordered to bow, nothing more is needed. And now I'm back to my dogs. Strange! I want to stop the thought on death, and nothing comes out. I see some kind of stain ... and nothing else.

He turned heavily to the wall again; and Vasily Ivanovich left the study and, reaching his wife's bedroom, collapsed on his knees in front of the icons.

Pray, Arina, pray! he groaned, "our son is dying."

The doctor, the same county doctor, who did not have a hellish stone, came and, having examined the patient, advised to adhere to the methods of waiting and immediately said a few words about the possibility of recovery.

Have you ever seen that people in my position do not go to the Elysees? asked Bazarov, and, suddenly seizing the leg of a heavy table that stood near the sofa, shook it and moved it from its place.

The strength, the strength, - he said, - is still here, but you have to die! .. The old man, at least he managed to wean himself from life, and I ... Yes, go and try to deny death. She denies you, and that's it! Who is crying there? he added, after a little while. - Mother? Poor! Who will she feed now with her amazing borscht? And you, Vasily Ivanovich, seem to be sniffing too? Well, if Christianity does not help, be a philosopher, a stoic, or what? You boasted that you were a philosopher, didn't you?

What a philosopher I am! yelled Vassily Ivanovich, and tears dripped down his cheeks.

Bazarov grew worse every hour; the disease took on a rapid course, which usually happens with surgical poisons. He had not yet lost his memory and understood what was said to him; he was still fighting. “I don’t want to rave,” he whispered, clenching his fists, “what nonsense!” And then he said: “Well, subtract ten from eight, how much will it come out?” Vasily Ivanovich walked around like a madman, offering one remedy, then another, and doing nothing but covering his son's legs. “Wrap in cold sheets… vomit… mustard plasters to the stomach… bloodletting,” he said with tension. The doctor, whom he begged to stay, agreed with him, gave the patient lemonade to drink, and for himself he asked for tubes, then “strengthening-warming”, that is, vodka. Arina Vlasyevna sat on a low stool near the door, and only from time to time went out to pray; a few days ago the dressing-mirror slipped out of her hands and broke, which she always considered a bad omen; Anfisushka herself could not tell her anything. Timofeich went to Odintsova.

The night was not good for Bazarov ... The cruel heat tormented him. By morning he felt better. He asked Arina Vlasyevna to comb his hair, kissed her hand and drank two sips of tea. Vasily Ivanovich perked up a little.

God bless! - he repeated, - the crisis has come ... the crisis has passed.

Eka, think! - said Bazarov, - what do words mean! Found him, said: "crisis" - and consoled. It's amazing how a person still believes in words. They will tell him, for example, a fool and not beat him, he will be sad; they will call him a smart girl and they will not give him money - he will feel pleasure.

This little speech by Bazarov, reminiscent of his former "antics", brought Vasily Ivanovich to emotion.

Bravo! well said, excellent! he exclaimed, showing the appearance of beating his hands.

Bazarov smiled sadly.

So how, in your opinion, - he said, - did the crisis pass or come?

You're better off, that's what I see, that's what pleases me, - answered Vasily Ivanovich.

Very well; rejoicing is never bad. And that one, remember? sent?

Sent, how.

The change for the better did not last long. The attacks of the disease resumed. Vasily Ivanovich was sitting next to Bazarov. It seemed that some special torment tormented the old man. He tried several times to speak, but he couldn't.

Eugene! - he said at last, - my son, my dear, dear son!

This extraordinary appeal had an effect on Bazarov ... He turned his head a little and, apparently trying to wriggle himself out from under the burden of oblivion that was crushing him, said:

What, my father?

Evgeny,” continued Vasily Ivanovich, and knelt before Bazarov, although he did not open his eyes and could not see him. - Eugene, you're feeling better now; you, God willing, will recover, but take advantage of this time, console us with your mother, fulfill the duty of a Christian! What is it like for me to tell you this, it's terrible; but even more terrible ... after all, forever, Eugene ... just think, what is it like ...

I do not refuse, if it can console you, - he said at last, - but it seems to me that there is still no need to hurry. You yourself say that I'm better.

Better, Eugene, better; but who knows, because this is all in God's will, and having fulfilled the duty ...

No, I'll wait," Bazarov interrupted. - I agree with you that the crisis has come. And if you and I are wrong, well! after all, even the memoryless are communed.

Have mercy, Eugene ...

I'll wait. And now I want to sleep. Do not disturb me.

And he laid his head back.

The old man got up, sat down on an armchair and, holding his chin, began to bite his fingers...

The sound of the spring carriage, that sound which is so especially noticeable in the wilderness of the countryside, suddenly struck his ears. Nearer, nearer the light wheels rolled; the snorting of the horses was already heard... Vassily Ivanovich jumped up and rushed to the window. A two-seater carriage drove into the yard of his house, harnessed by quadruplets. Without realizing what this could mean, in a fit of some senseless joy, he ran out onto the porch ... A footman in livery opened the doors of the carriage; a lady under a black veil, in a black mantilla, was coming out of it ...

I am Odintsova, she said. - Evgeny Vasilyevich is alive? Are you his father? I brought a doctor with me.

Benefactress! Vassily Ivanovich exclaimed, and, seizing her hand, pressed it convulsively to his lips, while the doctor brought in by Anna Sergeevna, a small man with glasses and a German physiognomy, climbed out of the carriage without haste. - He is still alive, my Eugene is alive and now he will be saved! Wife! wife! .. To us an angel from heaven ...

What is it, Lord! murmured the old woman, running out of the drawing-room, and, not understanding anything, immediately fell at Anna Sergeevna's feet in the hallway and began, like a mad woman, kissing her dress.

What do you! what do you! - repeated Anna Sergeevna; but Arina Vlasyevna did not listen to her, and Vasily Ivanovich only repeated: “Angel! angel!"

Woist der Kranke? And where is the patient? said the doctor at last, not without some indignation.

Vasily Ivanovich came to his senses.

Here, here, please follow me wertester herr colleague he added from old memory.

E! - said the German and grinned sourly.

Vasily Ivanovich led him into the office.

Doctor from Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, - he said, bending down to the very ear of his son, - and she herself is here.

Bazarov suddenly opened his eyes.

What you said?

I say that Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is here and brought this doctor to you.

Bazarov rolled his eyes around him.

She's here... I want to see her.

You will see her, Eugene; but first you need to talk to the doctor. I will tell them the whole history of the disease, since Sidor Sidorych left (that was the name of the county doctor), and we will do a little consultation.

Bazarov glanced at the German.

Well, talk quickly, but not in Latin; I understand what it means: jam moritur.

- Der Herr scheint des Deutschen mächtig zu sein, - began the new pet of Aesculapius, referring to Vasily Ivanovich.

- Their ... gabe ..."You'd better speak Russian," said the old man.

Ah, ah! so this photo is like this… Prank…

And the consultation began.

Half an hour later, Anna Sergeevna, accompanied by Vasily Ivanovich, entered the office. The doctor managed to whisper to her that there was nothing to think about the recovery of the patient.

She glanced at Bazarov ... and stopped at the door, she was so struck by this inflamed and at the same time dead face with dull eyes fixed on her. She was simply frightened by some kind of cold and languid fright; the thought that she would not have felt it if she really loved him flashed in her head instantly.

Thank you," he said intensely, "I didn't expect that. This is a good deed. Here we are again and saw each other, as you promised.

Anna Sergeevna was so kind ... - began Vasily Ivanovich.

Father, leave us. Anna Sergeevna, you allow? It seems now...

He pointed his head at his prostrate, powerless body.

Vasily Ivanovich left.

Well, thank you,” repeated Bazarov. - It's royal. They say that kings also visit the dying.

Yevgeny Vasilyevich, I hope...

Oh, Anna Sergeevna, let's start telling the truth. It's over with me. Got hit by a wheel. And it turns out that there was nothing to think about the future. The old thing is death, but new for everyone. Until now, I’m not afraid ... and then unconsciousness will come, and fuit! (He weakly waved his hand.) Well, what can I tell you ... I loved you! It didn't make any sense before, and even more so now. Love is a form, and my own form is already decaying. I'd rather say that - how nice you are! And now here you are, so beautiful ...

Anna Sergeevna shuddered involuntarily.

Nothing, don't worry... sit there... Don't come near me: after all, my disease is contagious.

Anna Sergeevna quickly crossed the room and sat down on an armchair near the sofa on which Bazarov was lying.

Generous! he whispered. - Oh, how close, and how young, fresh, clean ... in this nasty room! .. Well, goodbye! Live long, that's the best, and use it while it's time. You look at what an ugly sight: a worm half-crushed, but still bristling. And after all, I also thought: I’ll break off a lot of things, I won’t die, where! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the whole task of the giant is how to die decently, although no one cares about this ... Anyway: I won’t wag my tail.

Bazarov fell silent and began feeling his glass with his hand. Anna Sergeevna served him a drink, without taking off her gloves and breathing fearfully.

You will forget me, - he began again, - the dead is not a friend to the living. Your father will tell you that, they say, what kind of person Russia is losing ... This is nonsense; but don't dissuade the old man. Whatever the child enjoys... you know. And caress your mother. After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day with fire ... Russia needs me ... No, apparently, it is not needed. And who is needed? A shoemaker is needed, a tailor is needed, a butcher… he sells meat… a butcher… wait, I’m getting confused… There’s a forest here…

Bazarov put his hand on his forehead.

Anna Sergeevna leaned towards him.

Yevgeny Vasilyevich, I'm here...

He took the hand at once and stood up.

Farewell,” he said with sudden force, and his eyes flashed with the last gleam. - Farewell ... Listen ... I didn’t kiss you then ... Blow on the dying lamp, and let it go out ...

Anna Sergeevna pressed her lips to his forehead.

And enough! he said and sank down on the pillow. “Now… darkness…”

Anna Sergeevna quietly left.

What? Vasily Ivanovich asked her in a whisper.

He fell asleep, - she answered almost audibly.

Bazarov was no longer destined to wake up. By evening he fell into complete unconsciousness, and the next day he died. Father Alexei performed religious rites on him. When he was unctioned, when the holy ointment touched his chest, one of his eyes opened, and it seemed that at the sight of a priest in vestments, a smoking censer, and candles in front of the icon, something like a shudder of horror was instantly reflected on his dead face. When, at last, he breathed his last and a general moaning arose in the house, Vasily Ivanovich was seized by a sudden frenzy. “I said that I would grumble,” he shouted hoarsely, with a flaming, contorted face, shaking his fist in the air, as if threatening someone, “and I will grumble, I will grumble!” But Arina Vlasyevna, all in tears, hung on his neck, and both fell down together. “So,” Anfisushka later said in the human room, “side by side and bowed their heads like sheep at noon ...”

If the work is a translation, or other derivative work, or is co-authored, then the exclusive copyright has expired for all authors of the original and translation.

Preview:

Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 25 with in-depth study of individual subjects of the city of Rossosh, Rossoshansky municipal district of the Voronezh region

Subject:

Lesson developer:

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Ivleva L.E.

2012

Subject:

"The role of the episode of Bazarov's death in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

“... And after all, I also thought: I’ll break off a lot of things, I won’t die, where! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the whole task of the giant is how to die decently, although no one cares about this .. ”
I.S. Turgenev

Goals:

1. Leading students to the answer to the question: why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the protagonist?
2. To see the spiritual wealth and fortitude of Bazarov.
3. Clarify the features of the author's position in relation to the main character.
4. Through artistic analysis, come to a conclusion about the role of the episode in the novel.
5. Compare students' findings with critics' opinions.

During the classes

1. The message of the topic of the lesson.

2. Working with text.

(Homework check)

Selection of phrases and text proving Bazarov's loneliness, his doom in society.

First group.

Bazarov and the Kirsanov brothers (gap for ideological reasons).

Chapter 10, 6 : – You are destroying everything “But you must also build”.

“It's none of our business anymore. First you need to clear the place.

“I don’t understand how it is possible not to recognize principles!

“At the present time, denial is most useful.

Second group.

Bazarov and Odintsova (unrequited love).

Chapter 26: “it can be seen that Bazarov is right, curiosity, only curiosity, and love for peace, selfishness ...;

Third group.

Kukshina and Sitnikov - Bazarov (vulgarity and insignificance).

Chapter 19: “I need such rumors. It’s not for the gods to burn the pots!”

Fourth group.

Bazarov and Arkady (denial of friendship - softness of Arkady).

Chapter 26: “We are saying goodbye forever, and you yourself know it, you are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal barich.”

Fifth group.

Bazarov and parents (people of different generations, different development).

Chapter 21:

“I'm leaving tomorrow. It’s boring, you want to work, but you can’t here.”
“He got bored with us. One is now like a finger, one!”

- With whom does Bazarov consider himself close? In whom he finds understanding, in his opinion (with the people).

- Is it really?

3. Reading creative works - miniatures "Bazarov and the people."

(Individual homework)

Bazarov believes that he speaks the same language with the people, considers himself close to him. "My grandfather plowed the land." However, he himself is a master for his men, and they do not understand and do not want to understand him.

Bazarov looks down on the people, somewhere even looks down on them, with such feelings there can be no mutual understanding.

- So why does Turgenev doom him to death?

(He considers him doomed. Two reasons: loneliness in society and the hero’s internal conflict. The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely.)

– But Turgenev does not simply state death, he assigns special significance to the episode of death. Which? We will talk about this after reading the text.

4. Expressive reading of the episode.

5. Conversation. Episode analysis.

6. What qualities of Bazarov appeared in the episode?

Chapter 27:

1. Courage. “I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me”, “I did not expect that I would die so soon”, “tomorrow my brain will resign”.
2. Willpower “ He had not yet lost his memory and understood what was said to him; he was still fighting. “I don’t want to rave,” he whispered, clenching his fists, “what nonsense!”
3. Convinced materialist. “After all, even the memoryless are communed”, “do not interfere with me” (refusal to confess). “Have you ever seen that people in my position do not go to the Elysees?”
4. Pity for parents. "Mother? Poor fellow! Did she feed someone with her amazing borscht?”. “I’m not refusing if it can console you, but I don’t think there’s any need to rush?”
5. Strong love. The ability to admire, to love. “Magnanimous! Oh, how close, and how young, fresh, clean in this nasty room! Live long, that's the best, and use it while it's time."
6. Romanticism of science. What means of artistic expression does Turgenev resort to to show the romanticism of Bazarov?
   Metaphors: a half-crushed worm, a giant, a dying lamp.
   Aphorism.
   Epithets: young, fresh, clean, dying.
   Why such poetry in the hero's speech? What can be said here about Turgenev's position? Bazarov is a romantic at heart, but he believes that romanticism has no place in life now.
   And life took its toll. Turgenev sees him as an unfulfilled poet, capable of strong feelings, possessing fortitude.
7. Quoting critics about the last episode. (Individual homework)
   “The whole interest, the whole meaning of the novel lies in the death of Bazarov ... The description of Bazarov’s death is the best place in Turgenev’s novel, I even doubt that there is anything more remarkable in all the works of our artist.”
   “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as doing a great feat.”
   DI. Pisarev

Conclusion:

Why, after all, does Turgenev end the novel with the scene of the death of the hero, despite his superiority over other heroes?

Bazarov dies from an accidental cut on his finger, but death, from the author's point of view, is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and "doomed to die."

Turgenev was very fond of Bazarov and repeated many times that Bazarov was a “clever” and a “hero”. The author wanted the reader to fall in love with Bazarov (but by no means Bazarovism) with his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness.

Homework.

Write creative work.

I option.

Episode analysis. Chapter 27, from the words "Bazarov suddenly turned on the sofa ..."

II option.

Episode analysis. Chapter 27, from the words “She looked at Bazarov ... and stopped at the door ...”

Episode analysis.

Algorithm of work at the lesson.

The role of the episode of Bazarov's death, analysis of the episode from the novel.

Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

Episode - a Greek word, has three interpretations: "Case", "Insert", "Outsider". There are two meanings in the explanatory dictionary:

1. A case from one's life. Just an episode.
2. A part of a work that has independent meaning. Episode from the work. Thus, in order to analyze an episode, it is necessary to determine its boundaries. Having determined the topic, the main idea and titled, you can start the analysis according to the plan:

1. What part of the work does he occupy (i.e., the role in the composition)?
2. Condensed retelling. Name the first events (the plot), the main event (the climax), the last event (the denouement) of the incident, if they were not highlighted by the students during the transition of the plot.
3. Next, we look at how the episode is built. An episode is a single piece of text, which implies the presence of an introduction (message of revenge and time of action) and a conclusion (consequence). Having defined the main part with the boundaries of the tie, divide it into parts (you can make a plan). Find out where the climax is.
4. Let's ask the question: What qualities of the hero's character appeared in the episode?
5. If you look at the whole work, then what role does this incident (episode) play in the fate of the hero, what did or did not change in it, but could it?
6. If you look at the plot of the whole work, then what is the role of the episode in the plot (is it the plot, one of the passing events of the action, the climax, the denouement)?
7. Author's position. How does the author feel about the protagonist? What words or expressions characterize the character or what is happening? What is the author's assessment in them?
8. Features of the writer's language. You can pay attention to the language of the characters, the language of the author or narrator (if any). Vocabulary, neologisms, syntactic structure, aphorism and more.
9. What artistic techniques does the author use in this episode?
10. Thus, we come to the issue of the episode, its connection with the artistic whole.

When working with an episode, the main attention should be paid to understanding its artistic features, in other words, to suggest a path from artistic features to problems, and not vice versa. In other words, with this way of analysis, the student learns to “read” everything from the text, and not to illustrate with the text the positions taken from where (at best, from the words of the teacher or from the textbook) are not clear.

The episode of Bazarov's death is one of the most important in the work. Being the denouement of the idea of ​​the work, this episode plays a key role in the novel, being the answer to the question: “Is it possible to live, rejecting all human feelings and recognizing only reason?”

Bazarov returns home to his parents a person different from what he was before. He begins to avoid the loneliness that used to be an integral part of his life and helped him to work.

He is always looking for company: he drinks tea in the living room, walks in the forest with his father, because being alone becomes unbearable for him. Alone, his thoughts are taken over by Odintsova, the woman he loves, who destroyed his unshakable faith in the absence of romantic feelings. Because of this, Bazarov becomes less attentive and less focused on work. And, due to this very inattention, he receives a slight cut, which later became fatal for him.

Bazarov, as an experienced doctor, is well aware that he has little time left to live. Understanding the imminent inevitable death tears off the mask of insensibility from him. He worries about his parents and tries to protect them from worries, hiding the disease from them to the last.

When Bazarov’s condition worsens completely, and he stops getting out of bed, it doesn’t even occur to him to complain about the pain. He reflects on life, sometimes inserting his characteristic ironic jokes.

Realizing that he had very little time left, Bazarov asks to send Odintsova to see her for the last time before his death. She arrives dressed all in black, as if to a funeral. Seeing the dying Bazarov, AS finally realizes that he does not love him. Bazarov tells her everything about what is in his soul. He still does not complain, but only talks about life and his role in it. When E.V. asks Odintsova to give him a glass of water, she does not even take off her gloves and timidly breathes in fear of getting infected. This once again proves the lack of romantic feelings in her towards Bazarov. The dying Bazarov still has a small spark of hope for reciprocity of love, and he asks for her kiss. AC fulfills his request, but kisses him only on the forehead, that is, in the way that the dead are usually kissed. For her, the death of Bazarov is not an important event, and she has already mentally said goodbye to him.

Analyzing this episode, we see that the illness and understanding of imminent death finally turns Bazarov from an independent nihilist into an ordinary person with his own weaknesses. In his last days, he no longer harbors any feelings and opens his soul. And he dies a strong man, without complaining or showing pain. Odintsova's behavior shows her lack of love for Bazarov. Her visit to the dying man is only politeness, but not the desire to see the hero for the last time and say goodbye.

This episode is inextricably linked with others in this work. It is the denouement of the main conflict of the work, logically continuing the whole idea of ​​the novel, and especially chapter 24. In this chapter, a duel takes place between Kirsanov and Bazarov, which is why the latter has to go back home to his parents.

From all of the above, we can conclude that this episode plays one of the key roles in the work. Being a denouement, it brings to an end the story of a man who rejected all feelings, and shows that it is still impossible to live, denying human joys and being guided only by reason.

The ending of each work, whether it be a novel or a play or a short story, always draws a line, as it were, sums up the whole book. And the way the finale of a single book turns out is of great importance in understanding the whole work. Fathers and Sons is no exception. I. Turgenev “kills” the protagonist, Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov, not out of pure fantasy. The last chapters, describing his death throes, carry a huge ideological meaning.

Throughout the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov presented himself as a nihilist, a man

Denying everything. But the nihilists are still only the seed of the revolutionary movement that is emerging in Russia. Their time had not yet come, they anticipated their own revolutionary era. This is the tragedy of the work itself and the fate of the protagonist.

Bazarov dies from an accidental cut on his finger during an autopsy of a man who died of typhus. Bazarov himself becomes infected with this deadly disease, and he has only a few days left to live.

However, the protagonist in the face of death shows willpower and courage. Even when he reports the infection to his father, he seems to casually talk about it: “Well, so I asked

County doctor [to open a typhoid peasant]; Well, he cut himself."

Bazarov feels the approach of the inevitable end: "If I got infected, it's too late now." But he was not afraid, he did not try to deceive himself, he remained true to his convictions. The death of Bazarov is heroic, but it attracts not only the heroism and stamina of Yevgeny, but also the humanity of his behavior. He becomes closer to us before his death: a romantic is clearly revealed in him, and he utters a phrase that he was afraid to utter before: “I love you!”

Despite the fact that Bazarov dies by accident, his very death is the natural end of the novel. I. Turgenev himself defines his main character as "doomed to perish."

There are two reasons for this: loneliness and internal conflict.

Bazarov is doomed to loneliness. Neither the parents, nor the Kirsanovs, nor Odintsova are close, understanding people. Bazarov is lonely, if only because he denies everything. But it is precisely this denial that confuses him when he asks: “What next?” But there is no answer to this question. Therefore, the beliefs of the hero himself are hopeless.

Bazarov dies because he was driven into a dead end by his theory. His return to his parental home looks like an escape from himself, from his own soul. On the one hand, Bazarov is confident in his views. But on the other hand, he understands that he cannot cope with all the complexity of feelings. Therefore, Turgenev leads to death not so much Bazarov as a person, but his ideas. He shows that nihilism has no future.

Before the very end in Bazarov, he is freed from nihilism, which constitutes his valuable picture of the world almost until his death. He acquires courageous features, so Eugene can boldly face death. He did not flinch before this last test that fell to his lot. Unable to fully reveal himself during his lifetime, Bazarov showed everything he was capable of in the face of death. A heavy, senseless death does not embitter Bazarov, but on the contrary, he tries not to show his suffering, he consoles his parents, takes care of them before his death, and finally finds peace.

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The question of why Turgenev killed his hero of the novel "Fathers and Sons" - Yevgeny Bazarov, was of interest to many. Herzen said on this occasion that the author of the novel wanted to kill his hero with "lead", that is, with a bullet, but he killed him with typhus, because he did not accept much in him. Is it so? Maybe the reason lies much deeper? So why did Bazarov die?

Why Turgenev killed Bazarov

And the answer lies in life itself, in the political and social situation of that time. Opportunities in order to implement the aspirations of raznochintsy for democratic reforms, the social conditions of Russia in those years did not give. In addition, they remained cut off from the people they were drawn to and fought for. They were not able to carry out the titanic task that they set for themselves. They could fight, but they could not win. They were stamped with doom. It turns out that Eugene was doomed to death and defeat, to the fact that his deeds would not come true. Turgenev was sure that the Bazarovs had come, but their time had not yet come.

The death of the protagonist of "Fathers and Sons"

Answering the question of what Bazarov died from, we can say that the cause was blood poisoning. He injured his finger while opening up the corpse of a typhus patient he was treating. But most likely, the reasons lie much deeper. How did the hero accept his death, how did he treat it? How did Bazarov die?

At first, Bazarov tried to fight the disease by asking his father for a hellish stone. Realizing that he is dying, he ceases to cling to life and gives himself into the hands of death rather passively. It is clear to him that to comfort both himself and others with the hope of healing is a vain thing. Now the main thing is to die with dignity. And this means not to relax, not to whimper, not to give in to despair, not to panic and do everything to alleviate the suffering of old parents. Such concern for loved ones before death elevates Bazarov.

He himself has no fear of death, he is not afraid to part with life. During these hours, he is very courageous, which is confirmed by his words that he will not wag his tail anyway. But his resentment does not leave him because his heroic forces are perishing in vain. He demonstrates his power. Raising a chair by the leg, weakened and dying out, he says, “The power, the power is still here, but you have to die!”. He overcomes his semi-forgetfulness and at the same time speaks of his titanism.

The way Bazarov died looks random and ridiculous. He is young, he is a doctor and an anatomist. Therefore, his death looks symbolic. Medicine and natural sciences, which Bazarov hoped so much for, turn out to be insufficient for life. His philanthropy turned out to be misunderstood, because he dies just because of an ordinary peasant. His nihilism is also inexplicable, because now life denies him.