"Dowry". Ostrovsky A

"Dowry" analysis of the work - the theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, heroes, problems and other issues are disclosed in this article.

Russian playwright Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky created a whole galaxy of Russian characters. Mostly they were merchants: sedate, with a bushy beard. And if in some plays of the playwright one can meet real "tyrants", then there are works where Ostrovsky continued the traditions of Turgenev in depicting female characters. The "Turgenev" girl is resolute, she can be the first to confess her feelings and will never give up her words.

In Ostrovsky's plays "Hot Heart", "Thunderstorm", "Snow Maiden" images of such heroines are created - resolute and courageous, but with a tragic fate. Even among such bright girls with a "hot heart", one can be singled out - Larisa Ogudalova, the main character of the play "Dowry". An outstanding personality, she stands out from her surroundings and is strikingly different from her mother, who is trying to find benefits in everything.

She, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, can be understood: she alone raised three daughters. Yes, only the two elders, married, had an unfortunate fate: the first Caucasian husband stabbed to death out of jealousy, the second was at the mercy of a cheater. Larisa is her mother's last hope: she sings beautifully, performs Russian romances, plays music, and dances. And the mother hopes that she will be able to marry such a talented and beautiful daughter well, so that she lives like Christ in her bosom. Therefore, she teaches: "It is better to humiliate yourself from a young age, so that later you can live like a human being."

In the view of a woman with a gypsy name Harita, humanly, this is when there are many men in the house, wine flows like water, compliments sound. It is no coincidence that Larisa's current fiancé, a poor official, Julius Kapitonych Karandyshev, compares life in the Ogudalovs' house with a camp. Only all the tricks of the mother are in vain, because Larisa is a dowry. And in the society that surrounds the girl, there is only money. The new masters of life, unlike the heroes of "Thunderstorm", are no longer petty tyrants: their power is based on money. “I have nothing cherished; I will find a profit, so I will sell everything, ”says another hero of the play, Sergei Sergeyich Paratov,“ a brilliant gentleman, ”in the author’s assessment.

And this is true: Paratov, whom Larisa fell in love with so much that she “almost died of grief”, easily exchanged her for a “millionth” bride - the daughter of the owner of gold mines. Having left her without explanation a year ago, now, when Larisa decides to marry the “first comer” Karandyshev, Paratov, having appeared again, accuses Larisa of treason. At a meeting, he reproachfully says that he would like to know “whether a passionately loved person is soon forgotten: on the next day after parting with him, in a week or a month ...”

And Larisa, who had already told her fiancé that "Sergei Sergeyich is the ideal of a man," loses her head again. She forgives her beloved, who disappeared unexpectedly a year ago, and "not a single letter." Larisa is a romantic person, therefore she does not notice the obvious things. She proudly tells Karandyshev how a year ago Paratov shot in cold blood at the watch she was holding in her hand. But this fact, rather, suggests that Larisa does not mean anything to him. In addition, Paratov is vindictive: having barely met Karandyshev, he manages to hurt the pride of a poor official, but insists that it is Julius Kapitonich who apologizes to him, the master of life. And then, at a dinner party, he gets drunk on him in order to once again humiliate him in front of people who measure everything with money.

It just so happened in Ostrovsky's plays: against the backdrop of resolute and courageous heroines, men turn out to be lethargic and lifeless. In the play "Thunderstorm", the husband of Katerina Kabanova depends on her mother in everything, which as a result leads to tragedy: his young wife voluntarily passes away.

In "Dowry" the situation is similar: out of desperation, agreeing to marry Karandyshev, she begs him to leave for the village to start a new life, little reminiscent of the former camp. But the petty official, who endured ridicule in the hope of waiting for reciprocity from Larisa, is now "spreading his wings." He wants to rub off the representatives of the upper class, and he gives a dinner in honor of Larisa Dmitrievna to say: she chose the most worthy man for her suitors - him, Yuli Kapitonych. This is his revenge for the envy that he had to experience every time he saw Larisa's beautiful and successful fans.

But by this act, he even more causes contempt from those who are used to drinking champagne in the morning and having lunch in a restaurant. After all, he, a poor official, has enough money only for cheap liquor, the bottles from which are carefully sealed with labels from expensive wine. And if Larisa, in response to reproaches of treason by Paratov, says that her fiancé has the most important advantage - he loves her, then in the final she is disappointed in him. She disgustedly tells her ex-fiance, who is kneeling before her: “You are too insignificant for me,” and then bitterly admits: “I was looking for love and did not find it.”

It is difficult to find love in a society where everything is just bought and sold. Paratov is selling his favorite ship, the Lastochka, because he has found a profit - a bride with a million dollar dowry. But he commits a much more vile act: having humiliated her fiancé in the eyes of Larisa, he gives hope for the future and, taking advantage of the situation, seduces the poor girl, and then confesses that he is engaged - he has “golden chains”. That's when the epiphany comes to the heroine. She understands that everyone around her, even her own mother, looks at her as a thing, for fun.

She does not have the courage to commit suicide, as Katerina did in The Thunderstorm, but she finds the strength to admit that no one has ever tried to look into her soul, she has not seen sympathy from anyone, has not heard a warm word. Larisa passes a terrible sentence to herself: "I did not find love, so I will look for gold." And she is really ready to ride to an exhibition in Paris with the middle-aged merchant Knurov, who won her in the "toss" from a younger rival, she is ready to become his kept woman, that is, to sell herself at a higher price, because for her there is only one consolation: if you really want to be a thing, then very Expensive.

The finale of this psychological play is a foregone conclusion. Sobered up, but rejected, Karandyshev shoots at Larisa, and for her this becomes a salvation. Now she cannot be bought or sold - she remains free and truly happy. She dies with words of forgiveness on her lips. Thus, the author shows that death is a tragic way out of the insoluble moral contradictions of the time, a sentence to a society that is not able to preserve the treasure of a spiritual personality, beauty and talent.

So, at the center of his narrative, Ostrovsky puts the heroine - Larisa Ogudalova. According to N. Skatov, “the titles of Ostrovsky's plays are, as a rule, symbolic. A terrible symbol sounds - "Dowry". The best of the best is a dowry."

- Prove the accuracy of the characteristic given by Nikolai Skatov to Larisa Ogudalava - "the best of the best."

Here Vozhevatov, talking over morning "tea" with Knurov, says about Larisa: "The young lady is pretty, plays various instruments, sings, circulation is free." Knurov gladly supports: “It’s nice to see her alone more often, without interference .... this woman is made for luxury.”

Vasily Danilych, who has known Larisa since childhood, notes the most important thing that distinguishes her from her mother, Harita Ignatievna Ogudalova: necessary". Knurov clarifies: “That is the truth?”

Moky Parmenych Knurov does not exaggerate at all when he assures Harita Ignatievna that in Larisa "there is no earthly, this worldly thing", that she was "created for brilliance."

Larisa, who dreams of “getting out of here as soon as possible”, “breaking out of here”, honestly admits: “Every word that I myself say and that I hear, I feel.” And with heartache, the heroine realizes the worst: “Everyone loves themselves! When will someone love me! .. I see that I am a doll for you; you play with me, break it and throw it away.

Larisa Ogudalova: a richly gifted person; endowed with a bright, unique character; distinguished by sensitivity, impressionability; it is characterized by gullibility, sincerity, straightforwardness; love lives in the heart of the heroine; the soul of the heroine is like a bird, etc.

Noting that Larisa's soul is like a bird, one of the writer's features of the playwright should be emphasized - the use of a "direct" etymology, that is, the correspondence of the original meaning of the name to the main qualities of the heroine's character. Larisa in Greek means "seagull".

- Name the characters in the play surrounding Larisa. Name the nature of the heroine's attitude to this person.

Harita Ignatievna Ogudalova. The relationship of an obedient, understanding daughter.

Julius Kapitonych Karandyshev. The heroine hopes that Karandyshev will take her away from here, save her from a vulgar, low life.

Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov. Larisa has known this young man since childhood, she believes that they have friendly relations.

Moky Parmenych Knurov. He sees devotion, support of the elder in this respectable person.

Sergei Sergeyevich Paratov. Larisa loves him.
What do these actors have in common? What is the difference?

The first reaction of students is surprise: what do absolutely different characters have in common?

But even in Ostrovsky’s text we read how Karandyshev is surprised: “Well, why am I worse than Paratov?” Larisa remarks to this question: "The comparison will not be in your favor." Karandyshev demands proof. Let us also turn to the estimates given by Paratov and
Karandysheva by those who know them, saw and met them in various situations.

According to Larisa, Paratov is the “ideal man”, because he has some kind of special courage. What she witnessed remained in the heart and memory of the heroine: “I myself saw how he helped the poor, how he gave away all the money that was with him.”

Everyone in the city of Bryakhimov knows Sergey Sergeyevich. To the question of Kharita Ignatievna, who arrived, the gypsy Ilya replies: “Such a gentleman, we can’t wait: we’ve been waiting for a year - that’s what a gentleman is.”

“Well, what is Karandyshev!” - Mokiy Parmenych is perplexed, indignant at the fact that it is precisely this insignificant person that Larisa Dmitrievna is marrying. Vozhevatov calls him an eccentric: “He should get married as soon as possible and leave for his little estate, while the conversations subside ... and he drags Larisa to the boulevard, walks arm in arm with her, raised his head so high that, just look, he will stumble upon someone. Yes, I put on glasses for some reason, but I never wore them. Bows, hardly nods; what a tone he took: before it was not even heard, but now it’s all “I, yes I, I want, I want.”

“... from nothing, but hit people” - this is the opinion of Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova.
We note the differences in the summary: Paratov is a brilliant gentleman, charming, good-looking; everyone knows; Larissa loves him.

Karandyshev is a petty official; insignificant, we humiliate everyone; nobody knows; Larisa does not love him. Here, perhaps, is all that distinguishes these heroes.

Karandyshev - a victim? Yes. Unhappy person? Undoubtedly. Scoundrel? In a certain sense, certainly. And Julius Kapitonych is cunning, and dodges, and everything in his behavior, especially in the presence of Larisa and Paratov, indicates that he can make a scandal at the first opportunity, and aims for aristocrats ... Isn't Paratav's pride so wounded by this circumstance that in a happy rival - an insignificant little man Karandyshev - he sees himself as in a mirror!

Let us turn to the interpretation of the names of these actors of the "Dowry". Most likely, the playwright formed the surname Paratava from the dialect word flogged, which means "brisk, strong, hefty." Such an explanation is given in Dahl's dictionary. In some
reference books also have such an explanation of the surname: paraty is a dexterous, predatory beast. But the name of Yulia Kapitonych Karandyshev according to Dahl is “short, undersized, undersized person.”

- Give examples of statements by Paratov and Karandyshev that could be called key, that is, characterizing their life positions.

Paratav: “What is “sorry”, I don’t know this, I have ... there’s nothing cherished, know the benefit, so I’ll sell everything, anything.”

Karandyshev: “I suffered many, many injections for my pride, my pride was offended more than once; now I want and have the right to be proud and magnify. Well, why am I worse than Paratov?

Both characters are getting married. What does marriage mean for each of them?

Both heroes marry in order to improve their position: neither Paratava has anything (he simply squandered everything), nor Karandyshev “And the master, I heard, he completely squandered, he sold the last steamboat,” Yuli Kapitonych explains the turmoil that has risen in the city. — Who came? A squandered reveler, a depraved person. Paratov himself says this to Kharita Ignatievna about the reason for his unexpected disappearance a year ago: “My stewards and stewards reduced my house into a nutshell without me, sir. With their operations, my steamboats and all movable and immovable property were brought to auction sale ... a decent gap remained.

Paratov is going to solve such a problem as follows: “I am marrying a very rich girl, I take gold mines as a dowry ... I have to say goodbye to my freedom ... the father of my bride is an important bureaucratic gentleman; the old man is strict: he cannot hear about gypsies, about revelry and other things, ”

- How can one explain this situation of Paratov and Karandyshev?

Paratov and Karandyshev are deprived of business acumen, the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions, to humble their desires. In a small provincial town, where everyone knows each other, the business qualities of the smallest official are thoroughly known, but there is not a word about the ability to conduct any business by the Karandyshevs or Paratovs.

- How do Paratov and Karandyshev relate to Larisa?

Sergey Sergeyevich is frank with his friends: “After all, I almost married Larisa - if only I would make people laugh! Yes, I played the fool. Sergey Sergeyevich has long chosen a beautiful life beyond his means, mindlessly squandering money that he does not know how to earn himself, and in the end he sells himself.

Remembering how the girl in love “couldn’t look at him enough”, Paratov, having arrived in Bryakhimov, is going to spend his last single days as cheerfully as possible, for which, with a clear conscience, he takes Larisa away from the dinner party. When Larisa Dmitrievna asks for an answer, who is she to him, wife or not, she shows the engagement ring: “These are the chains with which I am shackled for life.”

It is no coincidence that the playwright builds the scene of explanation in this way: Paratov makes a terrible confession for the heroine not alone with Larisa, but when Knurov and Vozhevatov appear from the coffee shop: the “brilliant gentleman” leaves his victim to be torn to pieces by other predators.

Julius Kapitonych Karandyshev represents the type of "little man" in the drama "Dowry". It is important to remember that this play was created in 1878, the ideas of individualism associated with the cult of the great Napoleon also affected the worldview of a petty official.

Here Karandyshev invites Knurov and Vozhevatov to dinner, speaks of the desire to see Larisa Dmitrievna surrounded only by selected people. And a few minutes later, in a conversation with Larisa, he calls Vozhevatov an empty, stupid boy.

Reproaching Larisa for the simplicity of communicating with people, undemandingness, Karandyshev, at the same time, is eager to join the world of the strong with all his might, dreams of a beautiful, luxurious life for show, so that others would envy him.

He has destroyed everything human in himself and with a fatal shot puts an end to it: this woman should belong to him! Otherwise - "don't get it to anyone!". The cruel morals prevailing in the city of Bryakhimov completely corrupted the petty official.

An entry appeared in the abstract reflecting what Paratov and Karandyshev had in common: they get married in order to improve their financial situation; deprived of business acumen and the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions; completely inhuman towards Larisa; virtues turn out to be imaginary, and so on.

The next stage in compiling the abstract is the analysis of issues related to the images of Vozhevatov and Knurov. The surname of Mokiya Parmenych Knurov is formed from the word knur - “boar, laid boar, boar” (according to Dahl).

The surname Vozhevatova comes from zhevevaty, vozhevatenky, that is (again according to Dahl) this is the one “who knows how to get along with people, a courteous, polite, affable, entertaining interlocutor”, in combination vozhevaty people are cheeky, shameless.

Compiling a description of the images of Knurov and Vozhevatov, students talk about how these merchants differ from Wild, that is, the merchant depicted in the drama Thunderstorm, explain how the merchants relate to each other and to Larisa. As a result - an entry in the abstract: a new type of merchants; complete disregard for public opinion; wariness and distrust of each other; cold prudence and callousness.

One more, the last link, closing the circle of indifference and cruelty, beyond which the “hot heart” of the heroine of the drama “Dowry” is torn. This is Harita Ignatievna Ogudalova, mother of Larisa Dmitrievna.

The characterization of this character, who is number one on the list of characters, A.N. Ostrovsky begins with a name in which all three constituent parts (first name, patronymic, surname) speak volumes.

So, the name Harita comes from the Greek word charis, which means "grace, charm, beauty." Every gypsy was called Ignat in Moscow at the time of the playwright.

The surname Ogudalova is formed from the verb “ogudat”, which is interpreted as follows: to deceive.

Let's combine everything into a single whole and get the following: in front of the audience is not just a middle-aged widow, but a charming gypsy who dresses elegantly and, unlike her daughter, boldly and beyond her years.

- What is the opinion of the influential merchants of the city of Bryakhimov about Kharita Ignatievna?

Moky Parmenych Knurov calls Kharita Ignatievna a “brisk woman,” with which Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov fully agrees, who, meanwhile, suggests: “She. must not be Russian ... very agile.” And the addition “she loves to live happily herself” explains a lot in her cold, prudent nature.

Did she think about the happiness of her eldest daughter, giving in marriage to some highlander, a Caucasian prince, who stabbed his young wife out of jealousy on the way, without taking her to the Caucasus?

It is hard to believe in the naivety and simplicity of Kharita Ignatievna, who seemed to be unable to discern in a rogue, posing as a foreigner, an ordinary cheater.

What are the life principles of this woman?

“You won’t live in the world without cunning” - that’s what she inspires her daughter in the first place. This principle is a direct, literal roll call with the surname: to bawl, that is, to deceive. And Harita Ignatievna is convinced of one more thing: “We are poor people, we have to humiliate ourselves all our lives. So it's better to be humiliated from a young age. then to live like a human being." She presents her life position to her daughter. (In the abstract we enter these two statements of Harita Ignatievna.)

- How does Harita Ignatievna feel about her daughter?

Harita Ignatievna cannot understand the desire of her daughter, who dreams of leaving Bryakhimov for the village as soon as possible after the wedding. What is going on in Larisa's soul, she has no idea.

Kharita Ignatievna has a lot in common with Knurov, Vozhevatov and other persons included in this circle. But the main thing is that they all look at Larisa as a thing.

- Based on the provisions indicated in the summary, show the main features of the play "Dowry".

1. A.N. Ostrovsky placed the heroine in the center of the play “Dowry”, because in the conditions of Russian post-reform reality, the playwright did not find a hero endowed with high moral qualities, capable of performing such acts that would clearly speak of his desire to fight the evil reigning in the world. Successful businessmen, if they did some good, it was only a beautiful gesture, the purpose of which is to attract attention, and not a sincere desire to do good.
Share your opinion

1. Calculation and feelings, their role in the development of the plot.
2. The image and fate of Larisa Ogudalova.
3. Representatives of the business world in the play.
4. Drama of injured pride: Julius Karandyshev.

In the play "Dowry" A. N. Ostrovsky clearly demonstrated that the main driving force in society is money. It is they who give a person the opportunity to manage others, to feel confident and independent: successful businessmen Knurov and Vozhevatov are respected people in the city, all doors are open to them, and they themselves are fully aware of all the advantages of their position: “Yes, you can do business with money, you can . Well, Vasily Danilych, who has a lot of money. There is no such “goods” that could not be purchased for money: for them, the squandered nobleman Paratov sells his “volushka”, Larisa’s mother fishes them out from rich guests with various tricks, for money Larisa herself, disappointed in love, is ready to go with Knurov, who is not averse to having fun. The cunning swindler, the actor Schastlivtsev, is trying to extract all the material benefits from his acquaintance with rich people, having incurred debts at their expense, and the petty official Karandyshev is trying his best to catch up with the rich, whom he secretly envies. Thus, we see that, to one degree or another, money influences the behavior of all the characters in the play.

And what role do feelings play in the development of the plot, primarily love? Larisa, the main character of the play, is constantly in the spotlight, they talk about her, admire her. However, only she experienced true love from all the characters: “I was looking for love and did not find it. They looked at me and look at me as if they were fun. No one ever tried to look into my soul, I didn’t see sympathy from anyone, I didn’t hear a warm, heartfelt word, ”Larisa comes to this conclusion. In fact, who from her environment is capable of high feelings? “No, somehow I, Mokiy Parmenych, don’t notice this at all in myself,” says the young merchant Vozhevatov about love. “What is “sorry”, I don’t know. I, Moky Parmenych, have nothing cherished; I’ll find a profit, so I’ll sell everything, anything ”- this is the true essence of Paratov, who for a long time seemed to Larisa the “ideal man”. And this man shamelessly lied to Larisa: “... There is no innate huckstering in me; noble feelings still stir in my soul. Knurov is at least honest: "... I am ready to offer you such an enormous content that the most evil critics of someone else's morality will have to be silent and gape in surprise." Yes, and Karandyshev, who declares that he loves Larisa, treats her the same way as everyone else - as a thing, believing that he has the right to control her fate, her life: “So don’t get you to anyone!”

The internal conflict of the play lies in the fact that with significant attention from others, Larisa is actually immensely lonely. Not only that, its concepts and aspirations do not fit into the system of values ​​prevailing in society. Larisa is alien to calculation and pretense, and this becomes the cause of her mental suffering. But she, with all her high merits, does not know how to evaluate people. She takes Paratov's external brilliance for the true breadth of the soul; she believes this man even after he has disappeared, having previously spoken beautiful words about his love. Since there is no lie in Larisa, she does not see it in others either; indignant that “everyone loves himself,” that everyone thinks only of themselves, she also, in essence, does not see those around her, measures them by her own standards. Her decision to marry Karandyshev is an extremely unreasonable decision: even before the wedding it is clear that she, sensitive, vulnerable and proud, will not get along with this man, in whom the base possessive instinct is extremely developed and self-esteem is painfully aggravated. And Larisa does not want and does not know how to look soberly at her fiancé, as well as at her loved one - she fences herself off from the real Karandyshev with ghostly pictures of a future family life in which the girl hopes to find peace of mind. But is it possible to find spiritual harmony, being in the company of a person whom you do not love and even respect? “... You are too petty, too insignificant for me,” but is this true only in relation to Karandyshev? And Paratov? After all, he, too, with all his brilliance, which Karandyshev so lacks, does not deserve respect.

In the play "Dowry", Ostrovsky masterfully showed not only the character of the main character, but also the people around her. The hereditary merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov, despite the cynicism with which they cast lots on who to take Larisa for maintenance, nevertheless turn out to be more honest than the nobleman Paratov. “Honest merchant's word” still has value in the views of Knurov and Vozhevatov: “... Having given your word, hold on; and not giving, be strong! The honesty of these practical people, albeit not burdened by high spiritual ideals, distinguishes them favorably from Paratov, whose immoral and cruel lies become one of the reasons for the death of Larisa.

Ostrovsky also shows other characteristic features of successful businessmen: the arrogance of Knurov, who talks only to a select few, the witty hypocrisy of Vozhevatov, who drinks champagne as if it were tea in order to avoid unnecessary gossip.

Clever businessmen secretly laugh at Paratov, who pays too much attention to secular gloss, loves to spend money, not counting why he squandered. Ostrovsky shows the shift in value priorities that has taken place in society: if before the nobleman was more respected than the representatives of the merchant class (this theme sounds, for example, in the play “Our people - let's get along”), now the merchants allow themselves to make fun of noble inexperience, ostentatious chic: “ ... Where is he! This is not a bar business. Here you will find a benefit if you buy something cheap. ”

In stark contrast to self-confident entrepreneurs and the brilliant gentleman Paratov is the image of Yuli Karandyshev, Larina's fiancé. The desire to "magnify" exposes this person in a pitiful, ridiculous way. The main misfortune of Karandyshev is not even in his insignificant income, but in the fact that he is trying to get on a friendly footing with the rich, forgetting the ancient wisdom: "A goose is not a comrade to a pig." This person has a painfully heightened self-esteem - deep down, aware of his own insignificance, Karandyshev suffers painfully from jealousy. He is ready to be jealous of Larisa for anyone; wanting to somehow raise his own importance in her eyes, he gets into conversations with inappropriate remarks, tries to tell Larisa how she should behave, reproaches her for her behavior, which, from his point of view, is wrong. But all these miserable attempts to appear smart and significant suffer a crushing collapse - Karandyshev increasingly reveals his personal failure. The murder of Larisa is the highest manifestation of base emotions that cover Karandyshev.

Summarizing the above, we can say that Ostrovsky not only skillfully recreated the features of life in certain circles of society, showed the tragic discrepancy between the world of a chistogan and the desire of the human soul for selfless love, but also showed the characters that, with minor changes, still exist in society. .

Administration of the city of Solikamsk, Perm Territory

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Evening (shift) comprehensive school No. 3"

618556, Solikamsk, Perm Territory, st. Frunze, 114. tel/fax 4-34-35

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Literature lessons

for grade 10

on the topic: “Analysis of the text of the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry"

Performed:

Mankova Lyudmila Nikolaevna

teacher MBOU "Higher School No. 3", Solikamsk

Subject: Analysis of the text of the drama A.H. Ostrovsky "Dowry" (2-3 lessons on this topic).

Purpose of the lessons: learn to work with text.

Tasks:

Test knowledge of the text.

Disassemble the images of the characters in the text by reading excerpts from the play.

Summarize the studied material in preparation for writing.

Lesson plan:

Organizing time.

Analytical conversation (checking d / z. on knowledge of the text).

Discussion of the image of Ogudalova.

Characteristics of Paratov.

Discussion of the images of the merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov.

6. Analysis of the image of Karandashev.

Summing up and compiling a supporting summary.

Homework instruction.

During the classes:

Organizational moment.

Analytical conversation

What do you learn from the first two appearances of the play? What is their role in the development of the plot of the play?

Student. At first glance, the first two phenomena of the play are an exposition containing purely informational material. But it is very important to notice a few details that are the basis for the further development of the dramatic action of the play. In the dialogue between Knurov and Vozhevatov, events such as the imminent marriage of Larisa, an invitation to dinner with Karandyshev are mentioned - these news are the main ones for the heroes.

What is the role of the scene of Larisa's explanation with Karandyshev?

Student. From it we learn that Larisa still has not forgotten Paratov.

What do we know about Paratov?

Exercise.

How does Paratov behave when he learns about Larisa's imminent wedding?

Student. His pride is hurt, but he does not show it, mockingly recalls how he courted her and almost got married. But his pride is hurt so much that he even forgets to ask who will become Larisa's husband, he has only one thought - he was preferred to another!

What do you think is the role of this scene?

Student. This scene is the beginning of the conflict. Paratov decides to avenge the betrayal and show his superiority.

How do the events of the second act develop? Which of them do you consider the most important?

Student. The events of the second act are the development of the conflict, the approach of the climax. The most important are the scene of the meeting between Larisa and Paratov, the quarrel with Karandyshev. (students read these scenes in roles).

How did lunch at Karandyshev turn out for its participants?

Student. Paratov, Knurov and Vozhevatov showed Larisa what a stupid thing she had done by agreeing to marry Karandyshev, they humiliated him in the eyes of the bride and made him a laughingstock.

What is the climax of the play?

Student. Larisa recklessly follows Paratov, she believes in his sincere desire to free her from such a miserable future. But Karandyshev is not going to be inactive, he decides to take revenge!

Exercise.

Retell the events of the fourth act

What decision does Larisa make and why?

Student. Larisa was unable to commit suicide, but she cannot return to Karandyshev either, therefore, in despair, she decides to accept Knurov's offer to go abroad with him, i.e. become a "thing".

Student. The murder of Larisa is shown as a beneficence, as her salvation from shame, as deliverance from a humiliating life as a kept woman.

III. Discussion of the image of H.I. Ogudalova

What do we learn about the moral character and life principles of H.I. Ogudalova?

Student. The moral image of Ogudalova is determined by her social position. Harita Ignatievna - a host for noble gentlemen. Perhaps in her youth she led a luxurious life at the expense of her admirers, but now she is selling the beauty and talent of her daughter. In order to lead a former way of life and ensure her old age, Ogudalova is ready to humiliate herself. She objects to Larisa: “We are poor people, we have to humiliate ourselves all our lives.”

How does she relate to Vozhevatov, Knurov, Paratov and Karandyshev? How does her speech change when talking to different people? Read and comment on small excerpts from Ogudalova's conversations with Knurov and Paratov.

Student. She has her own approach to each of Larisa's fans. She treats Knurov prudently: "... Moky Parmenych, I am very grateful that they honored ...". He agrees with him in everything, obsequiously repeats his words.

With Paratov Ogudalova conducts a casual friendly conversation: “Ah, Sergey Sergeyevich! Ah, my dear! "What wind brought it?" “Oh, you prankster. The remark to the last remark is characteristic: "He takes Paratov by the ear." With Karandyshev, Harita Ignatievna speaks contemptuously, with irony. After all, he is a poor fiancé. There is nothing to profit from him.

How does Harita Ignatievna feel about Larisa and what role does she play in her fate? What is the purpose of Ogudalova, talking with Larisa in 3 yavl. D. II about life in the countryside, about Karandyshev?

Student. The attitude towards his daughter is clearly revealed in a conversation with Knurov. Knurov hints that he is ready to take Larisa for maintenance: "The warm participation of a strong, rich man ...". Ogudalova, as it were, does not understand the hint and at the same time encourages Knurov: “Well, how will this participation be found.” The trade took place. As a deposit, Larisa receives a wardrobe, and Ogudalova 300 rubles. This is the money for which she sells her daughter. After a conversation with Knurov, Ogudalova gradually prepares Larisa for a break with

Karandyshev, to life on the payroll of Knurov. He talks about the insignificance of Karandyshev, about the unattractive aspects of life in the countryside.

For what purpose does Ostrovsky introduce into the text of D. II the romances "Do not tempt me without need ..." and "Mother Dove ..."?

Student. Larisa's feelings are expressed in the romances that she sings. Larisa asks to have pity on her, not to subject her to new trials. But Harita Ignatievna at the dinner party again paints Karandyshev in the most unfavorable light for him; and when Larisa decides to go for a picnic across the Volga, Harita Ignatievna does not keep her.

Characteristics of Paratov

Who is Paratov? How do other actors Knurov, Vozhevatov, Karandyshev characterize him? Why did Larisa fall in love with Paratova? What is the difference between Paratov and those people who surround her and what are the similarities?

Student. The essence of Paratov's personality is defined in the list of characters as "brilliant master". But this is not a brilliance of mind, character or culture, it is an external, ostentatious brilliance. Paratov's characterization is given from different points of view. “Paratov lives with chic,” Knurov says about him with condemnation. “What else, but enough glamor,” Vozhevatov agrees with him. Before the arrival of Paratov, a commotion arose in the city. He is greeted with a salute - a shot from a cannon. Gypsies, servants, coachmen - everyone is glad of his arrival: the master pays generously. When he appears, Ivan "runs out of the coffee shop with a whisk and rushes to sweep Paratov." And to that signs of servility are pleasant.

What are the moral principles of Paratov? How are they revealed in relationships with Larisa? Comment on the dialogues of Paratov and Larisa in yavl. 8, D. II, in yavl. 12, D. III and in yavl. 7, D. IV.

Student. A person is judged by his actions. In episodes while traveling along the Volga and with a bet, he reveals himself as a gambler. The rate is your own life and the life of your beloved girl. And it's all for the thrill. In his actions there is boldness, dashing, but one cannot but agree with the words of Karandyshev: "There is no heart, that's why he was so bold." Yes, and Paratov himself says about himself: “What is “sorry”, I don’t know this. I, Moky Parmenych, have nothing cherished; I will find a profit, so I will sell everything, anything.

What is the relationship between the sale of Lastochka and Larisa's fate? What is the life philosophy of Paratov?

Student. How easily he parted with the "Swallow", just as easily left Larisa. "Swallow" - a seagull (translation of the name Larisa). Paratov's life philosophy is revealed in his words: "Yes, gentlemen, life is short, philosophers say, so one must be able to use it." The main thing for him is money. For them, he sacrifices love, ready to sell his freedom. In conversations with Larisa, we see his posturing, heartlessness, spiritual callousness.

What are the similarities and differences between Paratov and Pechorin?

Student. He, like Pechorin, is an egoist who bears suffering in a loving ear. But Pechorin is a deeper nature. This is a person who is not satisfied with the petty life of society, who does not find work according to his strength. Paratov is a narcissistic egoist. He is more reminiscent of Grushnitsky. Money, position in society - something that Pechorin calmly passed by, make up Paratov's life.

Discussion of the images of the merchants Knurov and Vozhevatov

Comparing the merchants of the old and new formations, G.I. Ouspensky wrote in his essay “The Book of Checks”: “The old-fashioned merchant ... lived by deceit, wealth came to him in dark ways ... The merchant was a cash cow for everyone who represented some kind of power ... the old type considered his business in depth soul “not quite so divinely,” but the new one, on the contrary, has no doubt that his work is real and that the fatherland even owes him gratitude for the fact that he donates his capital for the common good, and although he acts “out of personal benefits, but gives others bread ... ".

How do Knurov and Vozhevatov differ from the merchants depicted in the drama "Thunderstorm"? What imprint does the social position leave on the characters, psychology, and behavior of merchants?

Student. Knurov and Vozhevatov belong to a new type of merchants. Unlike the Scavs, they received a decent education. Knurov reads a French newspaper, is going to go to an exhibition in Paris. From the conversation between Gavrila and Ivan, we learn that Knurov is closed, taciturn. In the city, he has no equal in position. Even with Vozhevatov, he behaves patronizingly and condescendingly. Tyrant merchants are characterized by a complete disregard for public opinion. Now the merchants have to reckon with what they say about them. They develop a special tactic based on the deception of public opinion. Such is Vozhevatov's idea to drink champagne from teapots - "so that people do not say bad things to him."

What is the relationship between merchants?

Student. According to the dialogue between Knurov and Vozhevatov, we judge the relationship between merchants. They are united in relation to people dependent on them, but behind external complacency one can feel wariness and distrust towards each other. When Knurov asks Vozhevatov about his commercial affairs, Vozhevatov gives evasive answers.

How does Knurov's attitude towards Larisa characterize? What is the real reason behind his relationship?

Student. In relations with Larisa, Knurov's cynicism is hidden behind a mask of deference and ostentatious goodwill: everyone was thinking about Larisa Dmitrievna, ”he turns to Vozhevatov before throwing lots. - It seems to me that she is now in such a position that we, close people, are not only not allowed, but we are even obliged to take part in her fate. In reality, they decide to take advantage of Larisa's hopeless situation. Knurov has no doubts who Larisa will accept his offer to go to his maintenance, as he knows the measure of his power over people. He tells her: “For me, the impossible is not enough. Do not be afraid of shame, there will be no condemnation ... ".

What is Vozhevatov's attitude towards Larisa?

Student. Vozhevatov, like Knurov, is a prudent egoist. He talks about the fate of Larisa with a laugh. It is a great pleasure for Vozhevatov to visit the Ogudalovs' house, joke with Larisa, and listen to her singing. But he never loses his head, subordinates his feelings to a sober calculation: “No, somehow I, Moky Parmenych, don’t notice this at all in myself ... what is called love,” he says to Knurov. And he approves of him: "Commendable, you will be a good merchant."

When is Vozhevatov's soulless attitude towards Larisa most clearly manifested? How does this characterize him as a merchant? What was the basis of the life of merchants of that time?

Student. The cold prudence and soullessness of Vozhevatov is especially prominently revealed in the fifth act. "Vasya, I'm dying! - in desperation, Larisa turns to Vozhevatov, we have known each other since childhood ... what should I do - teach me! But he refused to help her. Because, firstly, in this society, every man is for himself, and after Vozhevatov realized that Larisa could not be his mistress, his toy, he lost interest in her; secondly, the matter is in a peculiarly understood merchant's honor. Vozhevatov gave Knurov his word and could not break it, even if a person died before his eyes. Honest is a merchant's mark.

Analysis of the image of Karandyshev

Who is Karandyshev?

Student. Karandyshev grew up in a middle-class environment, experiencing humiliation from the powers that be from childhood. He condemns their morals, behavior, but at the same time envies them and claims to be the master of life, he is very ambitious. A petty official, Karandyshev is trying to prove to everyone that he is no worse than others. He constantly teaches, reads instructions.

How does he deal with Vozhevatov, Knurov, Paratov and others?

Student. We can judge his attitude towards other heroes by his speech. With Vozhevatov, he is familiar: "Vasily Danilych, here's what: come and have dinner with me today!" It sounds casual, familiar. Respectfully, he talks to Knurov: “Moky Parmenych, would you like to dine with me today?” With servants, Karandyshev is arrogant. And in this change in the shades of the hero's speech, his servile, bureaucratic nature is revealed. Everyone mocks him: both merchants and servants. Knurov, on the other hand, ignores Karandyshev, covering himself with a newspaper.

How is the relationship between Karandyshev and Larisa developing? (D. I, yavl. 4; D. II, yavl. 6; D. III, yavl. 11,13,14; D. IV, yavl. 10-11).

Student. Challenging Paratov's fickleness, Larisa is ready to marry Karandyshev. Let's see how Larisa's attitude towards Karandyshev changes (an excerpt is read from the words “You mean something by yourself, but from comparison with Sergey Sergeevich you lose everything ...” to “I am too dear to you.”)

Of course, Larisa did not like Karandyshev. She decides to marry him, trying to find something good in him. Betrothal to him is an attempt to escape from home, a desire to forget Paratov, a search for a quiet corner where she can become a free seagull. But Karandyshev failed to understand her. Marriage with Larisa for him is an opportunity to enter the society of the elect, those whom he hates, but whom he blindly imitates.

What is the complexity of the image of Karandyshev? What feelings does it evoke in you?

Student. But Karandyshev causes us not only laughter and condemnation. We understand that behind his self-confidence lies an inner timidity. His attempts to stand in line with the merchants are ridiculous, but with bitterness we follow the brazen mockery of him by the owners of life. Larisa's flight with the merchants is a terrible catastrophe for him. He feels both confusion, and bitterness, and a sense of offended human dignity, and impotent rage. He decides to take revenge on his offenders.

Summing up the discussions

Let's sum up our lessons and make a reference summary. Drafting

of the reference abstract, we will begin by indicating the dates of writing the plays "Thunderstorm" and "Dowry": 1859 and 1878, we will place the titles of dramatic works and dates on opposite sides of the upper part of the abstract.

Let's ask the students:

What can be seen in these two works of the playwright?

We will fix the answer to this question in a short form in the abstract, placing this entry in the line between the titles of the works.

1) Volga; Kalinov and Bryakhimov are small towns;

2) the cruelty of the customs prevailing in these cities is combined with a thirst for profit;

3) in both cities lives and suffers an outstanding personality who does not accept lies, striving for freedom, beauty and love;

4) the play ends with the tragic death of the heroine, who is the center of the drama.

So, at the center of his narrative, Ostrovsky, as in the drama "Thunderstorm", puts the heroine - Larisa Ogudalova. According to N. Skatov, “the titles of Ostrovsky's plays are, as a rule, symbolic. A terrible symbol sounds - "Dowry". The best of the best is a dowry." (We mark the center of the abstract and write down: “Larisa Ogudalova.”)

Prove the accuracy of the characteristic given by Nikolai Skatov to Larisa Ogudapova - "the best of the best."

Student. Vozhevatov, talking over morning "tea" with Knurov, says about Larisa: "The young lady is pretty, plays various instruments, sings, circulation is free." Knurov gladly supports: "It's nice to see her alone more often, without interference ... this woman was created for luxury." Vasily Danilych, who has known Larisa since childhood, notes the most important thing that distinguishes her from her mother, Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova: “That mother has all cunning and flattery, and this one suddenly, for no reason at all, will say that it is not necessary.” Knurov clarifies: “That is the truth?”

In the course of the students' performances, an entry is made in the abstract (under the name of the heroine):

Larisa Ogudalova: a richly gifted person; endowed with a bright, unique character; distinguished by sensitivity, impressionability; it is characterized by gullibility, sincerity, straightforwardness; love lives in the heart of the heroine; the soul of the heroine is like a bird, etc.

The stage history of the play "Dowry" indicates that the success of the drama directly depended on the understanding of the author's intention by the actress who played the role of Larisa. In 1896, Vera Fedorov played Larisa on the stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater on Komissarzhevskaya Street.

Larisa, performed by VF Komissarzhevskaya, appeared as a heroine, detached from the little things of everyday life, standing above worldly vulgarity, endowed with amazing spiritual purity, striving to escape from the circle of indifference and cruelty.

The word "circle" is the key in drawing up the next part of the abstract. We set the task to determine the circle of indifference and cruelty.

Name the characters in the play surrounding Larisa. Name the nature of the heroine's attitude to this person.

Student. Harita Ignatievna Ogudalova. The relationship of an obedient, understanding daughter.

Julius Kapitonych Karandyshev. The heroine hopes that Karandyshev will take her away from here, save her from a vulgar, low life.

Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov. Larisa has known this young man since childhood, she believes that they have friendly relations.

Moky Parmenych Knurov. He sees devotion, support of the elder in this respectable person.

Sergei Sergeyevich Paratov. Larisa loves him.

What do these characters have in common? What is the difference?

The first reaction of students is surprise: what do absolutely different characters have in common?

But even in Ostrovsky’s text we read how Karandyshev is surprised: “Well, why am I worse than Paratov?” Does Larisa notice this question?

Student. "...the comparison will not be in your favor." Karandyshev demands proof. Let us also turn to the assessments given to Paratov and Karandyshev by those who know them, have seen and met them in various situations. According to Larisa, Paratov is the “ideal of a man”, because he has some kind of special courage. What she witnessed remained in the heart and memory of the heroine: “I myself saw how he helped the poor, how he gave away all the money that was with him.”

The opinion of Kharita Ignatievna Ogudalova, we note the differences in the summary: Paratov is a brilliant gentleman, charming, good-looking; everyone knows; Larissa loves him. Karandyshev is a petty official; insignificant, we humiliate everyone; nobody knows; Larisa does not love him. That, perhaps, is all that distinguishes these heroes. Karandyshev - a victim? Yes. Unhappy person?

Let us turn to the interpretation of the names of these actors of the "Dowry". Most likely, the playwright formed Paratov's surname from the dialect word poraty, which means "brisk, strong, hefty." Such an explanation is given in Dahl's dictionary. Do some reference books have such an explanation of the surname? Paraty is a dexterous, predatory beast. But the surname of Yuliya Kapitonych Karandysheva is formed from a pencil, a pencil, that is (according to Dahl) "short, undersized, undersized person."

Give examples of statements by Paratov and Karandyshev that could be called key, that is, characterizing their life positions. (The statements will be recorded in the abstract.)

Student. Paratov: “I don’t know what “sorry” is. I ... have nothing treasured, I will find a profit, so I will sell everything, anything.

Karandyshev: “I suffered many, many injections for my pride, my pride was offended more than once; now I want and have the right to be proud and magnify.” “Well, why am I worse than Paratov?”

Both characters get married. What does marriage mean for each of them?

Student. Both heroes marry in order to improve their situation: neither Paratov has anything (he simply squandered everything), nor Karandyshev.

How can one explain this position of Paratov and Karandyshev?

Student. Paratov and Karandyshev are deprived of business acumen, the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions, to humble their desires. In a small provincial town, where everyone knows each other, the business qualities of the smallest official are thoroughly known, but there is not a word about the ability to conduct any business by the Karandyshevs or Paratovs.

How do Paratov and Karandyshev relate to Larisa?

Student. Sergei Sergeyevich is frank with his friends. And it is no coincidence that the playwright builds the scene of explanation in this way: Paratov makes a terrible confession for the heroine not alone with Larisa, but when Knurov and Vozhevatov appear from the coffee shop: the “brilliant gentleman” leaves his victim to be torn to pieces by other predators.

Julius Kapitonych Karandyshev represents the type of "little man" in the drama "Dowry". At the same time, Karandyshev is trying with all his might to join the world of the strong, dreaming of a beautiful, luxurious life for show, so that others would envy him. He has destroyed everything human in himself and with a fatal shot puts an end to it: this woman should belong to him! Otherwise - "don't get it to anyone!". The cruel morals prevailing in the city of Bryakhimov completely corrupted the petty official.

An entry appeared in the abstract reflecting what Paratov and Karandyshev had in common: they get married in order to improve their financial situation; deprived of business acumen and the ability to think and act sensibly, to curb their emotions; completely inhuman towards Larisa; virtues turn out to be imaginary, and so on.

The next stage in compiling the abstract is an analysis of issues related to the images of Vozhevatov and Knurov.

The surname of Mokiya Parmenych Knurov is formed from the word knur - “boar, laid boar, boar” (according to Dahl).

The surname Vozhevatova comes from zhevevaty, vozhevatenky, that is (again according to Dahl) this is the one “who knows how to get along with people, courteous, polite, affable, entertaining interlocutor”, in combination, zhevevaty people are cheeky, shameless.

Let's remember the characteristics of the images of Knurov and Vozhevaty?

Compiling a description of the images of Knurov and Vozhevatov, students talk about how these merchants differ from Wild, that is, the merchant depicted in the drama Thunderstorm, explain how the merchants relate to each other and to Larisa. As a result - an entry in the abstract: a new type of merchants; complete disregard for public opinion; wariness and distrust of each other; cold prudence and callousness.

Another, last link, closing the circle, indifference and cruelty, beyond which the “hot heart” of the heroine of the drama “Dowry” is torn. This is Harita Ignatievna Ogudalova, mother of Larisa Dmitrievna. The characterization of this character, who is number one on the list of characters, A.N. Ostrovsky begins with a name in which all three constituent parts (first name, patronymic, surname) speak volumes.

So, the name Harita comes from the Greek word charis, which means "grace, charm, beauty." Every gypsy was called Ignat in Moscow at the time of the playwright. The surname Ogudalova is formed from the verb "ogudaty", which is interpreted as follows: to deceive. Let's combine everything into a single whole and get the following: in front of the audience is not just a middle-aged widow, but a charming gypsy who dresses elegantly and, unlike her daughter, boldly and beyond her years. (In the abstract we write down the meaning of the name.)

How does Harita Ignatievna feel about her daughter?

Student. Harita Ignatievna cannot understand the desire of her daughter, who dreams of leaving Bryakhimov for the village as soon as possible after the wedding. What is going on in Larisa's soul, she has no idea.

Kharita Ignatievna has a lot in common with Knurov, Vozhevatov and other persons included in this circle. But the main thing is that they all look at Larisa asthing.

Based on the provisions indicated in the summary, show the main features of the play "Dowry".

Student. 1. A.N. Ostrovsky put the heroine in the center of the play “Dowry”, because in the conditions of Russian post-reform reality, the playwright did not find a hero endowed with high moral qualities, capable of performing such acts that would clearly speak of his desire to fight evil, reigning in the world. Successful businessmen, if they did some good, it was only a beautiful gesture, the purpose of which is to attract attention, and not a sincere desire to do good.

2. The play "Dowry" is a psychological drama, since all attention is focused on the feelings, movements of the soul of the heroine, and not on actions. “The line of struggle,” we read in the article by A. I. Zhuravleva “The Millennium Monument of Russia”, which opens the collection of selected works of the writer “Theater and Life”, “passes through the soul of Larisa herself, her personality is devoid of integrity, and she herself is a battlefield between the elemental the desire for purity and false ideas about life values. Thus, in the center of the play is a contradictory nature, and the psychological drama turns out to be the most suitable genre for embodying such a character. (Annex 1)

VIII. Homework

Drawing up topics and plans for essays.

Bibliography

Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson developments in literatureXIXV. Grade 10 1st semester. 2nd semester. Ed. 3rd, rev. and additional Updated set of lessons. M.: "WAKO", 2004

Show a deeper acquaintance with the work of A. N. Ostrovsky. During his forty years of work, he wrote about fifty original plays. It is clear that in the lessons of literature it is impossible to give a truly complete picture of the wealth of the entire Ostrovsky theater. But all the same, it is necessary to show the main stages of the playwright's path, not only according to the textbook, but on the example of one work that is textually studied at school ("Thunderstorm"). It is important to trace how the playwright's worldview, his attitude towards the merchants, is changing from the first work “Our people - let's settle!” to the work of a later period: "Mad Money", "Snow Maiden", "Dowry", without bypassing the study of the program work "Thunderstorm".

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Lesson Analysis

based on the play by A.N. Ostrovsky

"Dowry"

Lizunkova Irina Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature

The article is classified under the section: teaching the Russian language

Lesson layout:illustrations of the performance of the play at the Maly Theatre; screen adaptations by E. Ryazanov (experience shows that it is recommended to get acquainted with the film before discussing the play in class in order to have a more emotional perception of the work); poster: “Dowry on the stage of various theaters” (students prepare the poster on their own).

Lesson Objectives: a deeper acquaintance with the work of A. N. Ostrovsky. During his forty years of work, he wrote about fifty original plays. It is clear that in the lessons of literature it is impossible to give a truly complete picture of the wealth of the entire Ostrovsky theater. But all the same, it is necessary to show the main stages of the playwright's path, not only according to the textbook, but on the example of one work that is textually studied at school ("Thunderstorm"). It is important to trace how the playwright's worldview, his attitude towards the merchants, is changing from the first work “Our people - let's settle!” to the work of a later period: "Mad Money", "Snow Maiden", "Dowry", without bypassing the study of the program work "Thunderstorm".

This is where beauty leads ... to the very pool.

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

During the classes

I. The word of the teacher.

1. Features of the work of A. Ostrovsky in 1870-1880.

The works of this period are characterized by:

Sustainable themes;

Strokes to the psychological physiognomy of the Russian character;

Strengthening of social and political generalizations, on the one hand, deepening of lyricism, appeal to universal values, on the other hand;

Increased attention to an unprotected person, who is sharply distinguished by moral qualities, a complex spiritual world;

Folklore is replaced by classical literature (Paratov, for example, quotes Hamlet);

The folk song is supplanted by romance (Larisa sings Boratynsky's romance "Do not tempt me needlessly").

II. The history of the creation of the play "Dowry".

Performances of students with individual tasks.

III. Work with students based on Ostrovsky's play "Dowry" (1879).

The need to comprehend and ridicule social relations and interest in the life of the heart - this, as a rule, “coexisted” with Ostrovsky in one work of art. On this feature we will build our conversation.

Conversation Plan

1. The realm of predatory, chain and smart businessmen (checking homework - table "Life position of significant persons in the city").
2. "The Women's Question" in Russia in the 1870s-1890s (individual task).
3. "I was looking for love..." The image of Larisa Ogudalova.
4. Katerina Kabanova and Larisa Ogudalova. Comparative characteristics.

1. "The realm of predatory, chain and smart businessmen"or "significant persons in the city".

Merchants from small merchants become millionaires, establish international relations, receive a European education. Merchant characters become thinner and more complex. It is now a cultural bourgeois-entrepreneur.

What is the life position of Knurov, Vozhevaty and Paratov?

(Students read quotes from the table they filled out at home.)

Working with a table.

So, we see that the merchants of post-reform Russia are far different from the bearded tyrant merchants. Many of the businessmen of recent times have studied finance, they know the secrets of banking operations. Unlike the Zamoskvoretsk primary accumulators, they have studied and are studying the European enrichment experience. It is no coincidence that Knurov, visiting Bryakhimov, is mostly silent: there are no interesting interlocutors. He travels abroad to talk, sometimes to St. Petersburg or Moscow. To keep abreast of business, the owners of mines, steamships, factories attend industrial exhibitions in Paris, read European newspapers, and look for the society of diplomats. Some of them are art lovers.

What, for example, is the charm of Knurov and Vozhevaty?

Hold on with dignity, are able to appreciate beauty, sincerely admire talent.

And yet, what was hidden under the external veneer of "civilized", "Europeanized" businessmen?

At the heart of the actions of the post-reform bourgeois, in terms of the scope of their activities, methods of accumulation, lifestyle, outward gloss, so unlike the pre-reform bearded merchants, lay the same predatory law: "To yourself, to yourself alone."

Knurov seemed to take care of Larisa, offering his help and asking her mother if she thought enough, passing off her daughter as a poor man. In reality, he finds out whether it is possible in this "respectable" way, with the assistance of the mother, to make the girl my mistress. Like patriarchal tyrants, these people never give up their desires, they are cruel in achieving their goals. “For me, the impossible is not enough,” admits Knurov.

What is the complexity of Paratov's character?

- What reflects the paradox of the breadth of the Russian people: the ideal coexists with the greatest disgrace; emotional ups and downs end with the triumph of sober prose.

- Paratov is a simulated image of a living person who decides his own destiny, having both his vices and his positive features. The positiveness of this image lies in the breadth of his soul, firmness and determination in taking life steps. Features inherent in the original Russian character.

- when communicating with people, he keeps at a level corresponding to the status of a “brilliant gentleman”. Paratov wins, makes mistakes, sins and forgives himself... The strength of this image is in its contradiction. Attractiveness - in his vices. Extremes coexist in it organically. Scope and extravagance in everything: money, feelings, material and spiritual costs. This cannot leave anyone indifferent: in men, it causes envy, a desire to imitate; women have admiration. But even those who have enough life experience and sanity to appreciate the danger of his being around, for the most part surrender to the seducer's mercy, succumbing to the magic of his brilliance, excitement, male attraction. “Who are you equal to? Is such blindness possible? Sergey Sergeich ... This is the ideal of a man. Not only Larisa, but also hundreds of modern readers sympathize with him, forgiving him everything in advance, like Larisa in a play, and dooming themselves to burn in his flame; they do not want to notice what he himself does not hide: his destructive essence.

- Paratov is accustomed to success, accustomed to taking all the best in life and not burdening himself with price considerations, even if in the form of responsibility for the fate of those "whom he has tamed." His life principle: "... I will find a profit, so I will sell everything ..." He has nothing cherished.

Conclusion. The only living soul in the world of cold and prudent businessmen is Larisa Ogudalova.

1. Ostrovsky's drama was usually called the drama of a heroless era. The "hero in a tailcoat" (nobleman) and the intellectual are not wealthy. The cultural bourgeois-entrepreneur, as we have just seen in the example of the heroes of the play, does not fit the role of a hero on closer examination either.

From the point of view of many, Ostrovsky is limited to ridiculing everyone.

At the center of Ostrovsky's drama is, as a rule, a woman, a pure nature, who becomes the object of the struggle of morally bankrupt applicants for the role of a hero.

It is this woman who becomes the heroine of Ostrovsky's works. And this is no coincidence.

During this period, the “women's issue” became more acute in connection with concrete successes in the struggle for higher education (in 1872, Higher Women's Courses were opened in Moscow and St. Petersburg). A striking example of the fact that a woman is no longer satisfied with the role of being with her husband or “behind her husband” is Sofya Perovskaya, who headed the Narodnaya Volya organization. She was an educated, resolute and courageous woman (she was hanged along with four Narodnaya Volya members on April 3, 1881).

Here is how F.M. wrote about a woman during this period. Dostoevsky:

“In our woman, more and more, sincerity, perseverance, seriousness and honesty, the search for truth and sacrifice are noticed; and always in a Russian woman all this was higher than in men ... A woman is more persistent, more patient in business; she is more serious than a man, she wants business for the business itself, and not in order to seem." Dostoevsky is quite deep in understanding women.

And yet, Ostrovsky is deeper: he has no doubt that, despite all the desire of women for equality and education, it is in love that the main thing happens for them, the main thing. Freedom does not give a woman happiness. She fights, but the subject of her struggle is still not education, not legal freedoms, but the love of the chosen one. In this battle, she suffers and grows spiritually, but since her lover is not ready to possess such a woman, disappointment inevitably awaits her, her perfections are in vain.

Larisa is a vivid example of such a woman. You can say about her - she fights with illusions ...

1. The image of Larisa Ogudalova. Meaning of the name.

Larisa - a significant name, like any name from Ostrovsky: translated from Greek - gull. Larisa is prone to various types of art, loves everything beautiful. Women with the name Larisa are charming, smart, neat, always in the spotlight, especially among men. Such is Larisa at Ostrovsky's. Dreamy and artistic, she does not notice the vulgar sides in people, sees them through the eyes of the heroine of the Russian romance and acts in accordance with it. For her, there is only a world of pure passions, selfless love, charm.

Characteristics of Larisa (according to the text and the textbook).

Student responses:

"Larisa is a young girl dressed richly but modestly."

She commands respect and admiration from those around her. Knurov says about her: “It’s nice to see her alone more often, without interference ...” Or: “Larisa was created for luxury ...”.

His opinion is also shared by Larisa's longtime friend, Vozhevatov: "The young lady is pretty, plays different instruments, sings, circulation is free, and it pulls." He tells Knurov the story of Larisa's love for Paratov: “And she loved him, she almost died of grief. How sensitive!

Larisa did not know how to hide her feelings from others. Knurov says about her: “Not stupid, but there is no cunning in her. To whom it is located, does not hide it at all.

In conversation, she is open and direct. Always has an opinion. Doesn't like being pointed out to her. When Karandyshev forbids her to sing, she is indignant: “Are you forbidding? So I will sing, gentlemen.

Bargaining for Larisa covers all the male heroes of the play. A whole circle of applicants is formed around her. But what do they offer her? Knurov and Vozhevaty - content. Karandyshev - the position of an honest married woman and a dull existence. Paratov wants to spend the last days of his bachelor's freedom in style. Larisa is just a strong hobby for him. Who didn't get involved? That is his philosophy.

The main thing for Larisa is love. She completely trusts her chosen one and is ready to follow him to the ends of the world:

"Paratov. Now or never.

Larisa. Let's go.

Paratov . How do you decide to go beyond the Volga?

Larisa . Wherever you please."

And neither the persuasions of the mother, nor the reproaches of the future husband can keep her from the opportunity to be close to her beloved: “All kinds of chains are not a hindrance! We will carry them together, I will share this burden with you, I will take on most of the burden.

Larisa sings to Paratova on the verses of Baratynsky "Do not tempt me unnecessarily." In the spirit of this romance, Larisa perceives both the character of Paratov and her relationship with him. For her, there is only a world of pure passions, selfless love, charm. In her eyes, an affair with Paratov is a story about how, shrouded in mystery and mystery, the fatal seducer, despite the entreaties of Larisa, tempted her. (fragment from the movie "Cruel Romance".)

But gradually the inconsistency with the romantic ideas of Larisa and the prosaic world of the people around her and worshiping her grows as the drama develops.

Challenging Paratov's fickleness, Larisa is ready to marry Karandyshev. She also idealizes him. In her presentation, she endows him with kindness and a loving soul. But the heroine does not feel the wounded, conceited, envious basis of Karandyshev's soul. He triumphs rather than loves. He amuses his pride that a woman like Larisa chose him. But Larisa does not notice this for a long time, because she does not see anything vulgar in people at all, acting in accordance with romances, living according to their laws.

But insight is coming. The deepest disappointment for Larisa is that all people treat her like a thing. “Thing… yes, thing! They are right, I am a thing, not a person. I am now convinced that I have tested myself ... I am a thing! she wanted something completely different: “I was looking for love and did not find it. They looked at me and look at me as if they were fun. No one ever tried to look into my soul, I did not see sympathy from anyone, I did not hear a warm, heartfelt word. But to live like this Cold …"

In a fit of desperation, Larisa challenges the world of profit: "Well, if you are a thing, then one consolation is to be expensive, very expensive."

Larisa herself is not capable of a more decisive step, but Karandyshev's shot is perceived by her as a boon. This is probably the only act committed not by calculation, the only manifestation of a living feeling. Larisa dies with words of forgiveness on her lips: “My dear, what a blessing you have done for me! Pistol here, here on the table! It’s me myself ... myself ... Oh, what a boon!”

Critics about Larisa. (Statements about Larisa are written on the board.)

P.D. Boboryrykin:"This girl with her suffering could attract ourattention, whether she is a colorful, large, socially significant person. Alas ... there is nothing of this in her, Larisa speaks banalities, her story about why she considers Paratov, a “libertine and impudent”, a “hero”, is simply ridiculous with her mental and moral “baseness”.

V.Ya. Lakshin: “It is difficult to judge Larisa for this emptiness of the soul.”

B.O. Kostelyanets: “The spiritual strength of Larisa is reflected in the fact that when her lovetrample when it causes her anger, depression, cowardice, bitterness, anger, she is still able to understand what she is doomed to. She resists the situation, does not give herself up to temptation.”

V. Korovin: “Larisa is the heroine of a psychological drama only because, becausethe action is centered around her. But by its very nature it lacks wholeness.”

Conversation on:

1. Can you agree that Larisa cannot “get your attention” because she is not “large”, not “colorful” as a person, there is nothing “socially significant” about her?
2. Could you call Larisa's speeches "banal", "funny", "mentally base"? Justify your opinion.
3. Can you agree that the heroine demonstrates the "emptiness of the soul"? If you agree with this, then why is it difficult to blame the heroine herself for this?
4. Can you agree that at a certain moment Larisa experiences “anger, depression, cowardice, bitterness, anger”? Justify your answer with reference to the text.
5. Do you agree with the idea of ​​the critic V. Korovin that Larisa is the heroine of a “psychological drama”?
6. Do you agree that the heroine of the drama lacks "wholeness"?
7. How and by whom is “temptation” presented in “Dowry”? Is it worth it for Larisa not to give herself into the “prey of temptation”?
8. Do you agree that Larisa is characterized by "spiritual strength"?
9. Whose attitude towards the heroine do you think is more logical, correct?

Conclusion. Larisa is a wonderful image: a charming, pure, intelligent, richly gifted girl. She greedily reaches for a bright life full of love (“I, like a butterfly to a fire, strove so irresistibly ...”), but is doomed to die in the conditions of golden chains (“Love is a deceitful country, and everyone in it is unhappy ...”). This is a "hot heart" in the heartless world of buying and selling, cynical bargaining. This is a white gull caught in a flock of vultures.

1. Katerina and Larisa.Comparative characteristics. Compiling a table.

Miscellaneous.

General.

According to the apt expression of A.I. Revyakina, Katerina and Larisa are "images of great human passions." Both Larisa and Katerina wanted to love and be loved, but they were deceived. Both Larisa and Katerina differ from others in that they do not have double standards. (Katerina - that “with people, that without people” - is the same; according to Knurov, there is “no cunning” in Larisa.) And they are also united by the image of the great Russian Volga - a symbol of beauty, strength, power. She alone freely carries her waters, absorbing the beauty, “which is spilled in nature”, and the beauty of the “hot heart”, tormented by bondage, thirsting for light, air, liberation. In the waves of the Volga, Katerina found her only possible liberation; almost two decades later, on the banks of the same fabulously beautiful river, Larisa, a man of "hot heart", found freedom.

“Here is beauty - where it leads ... to the very pool.”

IV. Summarizing.

In "Dowry" Ostrovsky comes to the disclosure of complex, psychologically polyphonic human characters and life conflicts. It is no coincidence that V.F. became famous in the role of Larisa. Komissarzhevskaya, an actress of refined spiritual insights.

The main idea of ​​the “Dowry” is the assertion that a heartless “chistogan” rules in society, turning the poor into one obsessed with an insatiable thirst for profit and enrichment. To be a self-conscious personality and not be able to manifest it - such is the tragic situation in which a person deprived of material security found himself in these conditions. Here, "idols" like the millionaire Knurov triumph, with their cynicism, wolf's grip, and honest people perish, entering into an unequal struggle. The statement of A.I. Revyakin, that "for the plots of his plays, Ostrovsky chose not small everyday facts and events, but the most significant, typical, general interest, capable of touching millions of people from the most diverse social strata ...".

The accuracy of Ostrovsky's work is confirmed by the fact that in many theaters of the country the play "Dowry" is being performed with great success, as evidenced by the poster you prepared. And in the review of the performance of the theater critic we read: Every time I am convinced how modern Ostrovsky is. It feels like today is on stage.”

V. Homework.

Composition on the topic: “Why do people lie that Ostrovsky is outdated?”.