Library complex. The value of music as an art form

1. The matter of harmony is to draw those features that are not and cannot be in the melody. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
2. Avoid singing in the company of bad amateurs, so you will either be spoiled with excessive praise, which is always harmful, or they will make remarks from which you will be jarred. In the company of real musicians, sing boldly, because from them, except for useful instructions, you will not hear anything else. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
3. It is possible to combine the requirements of art with the requirements of the age and, taking advantage of the improvement of instruments and performance, write plays that are equally reportable to connoisseurs and ordinary public. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
4. I want the sound to directly express the word. I want the truth. (Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky)
5. Music not only gives us pleasure. She teaches a lot. She, like a book, makes us better, smarter, kinder.
6. Spiritual baggage, unlike ordinary baggage, has an amazing property: the larger it is, the easier it is for a person to follow the paths of life. (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
7. Music is an art that has a great power of emotional impact on a person, and that is why it can play a huge role in educating the clergy of children and youth. (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
8. Art is perhaps the most amazing miracle of all miracles. created by mankind throughout the history of its existence, and feeling, thought and beauty are inextricably linked in this miracle. Why deceive people, why impoverish their spiritual world by presenting mediocre deformities, devoid of feelings, thoughts, and beauty, as the highest achievements of art? (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
9. Music is most capable of expressing and conveying spiritual moods. (Caesar Cui)
10. I understand the people as a great personality, animated by a single idea. This is my task! I tried to resolve it in my opera.
11. ... For me, an important article is a faithful reproduction of folk fantasy, no matter how it manifests itself. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
12. What a vast, rich world of art, if a person is taken as the goal! (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
13. The demands of art from a contemporary figure are so enormous that they can absorb the whole person. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
14. Art is a means of talking with people, not a goal... Whatever speech I hear, no matter who speaks (the main thing is whatever they say), the musical presentation of such a speech is working in my brain... (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
15. I want to make people: I sleep and see, I eat and think about it, I drink - it seems to me, it is one whole, big, unpainted and without leaf. And what a terrible (truly) wealth of folk speech. What an inexhaustible ore for the grip of everything real - the life of the Russian people! (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
16. In the human masses, as in an individual, there are always the finest features that elude the grasp, features that have not yet been touched by anyone: to notice and study them in reading, in observation, by conjecture, to study with all their guts and feed humanity with them, as healthy a dish that I have not yet tried - that's the task! Delight and pure delight! (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
17. I put a cross on myself, and with my head up, I will cheerfully and cheerfully go against everyone to a bright, strong, righteous goal, to real art, loving a person, living by his joy, his grief and suffering. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
18. Life, wherever it affects; the truth, no matter how salty; bold, sincere speech to people point-blank, that's my leaven, that's what I want and that's what I would be afraid to miss. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
19. Life is calling for new musical work, broad musical work; further, even further on the good path, with great zeal to new shores of yet boundless art! To search for these shores, to search tirelessly, without fear and embarrassment, and to stand with a firm foot on the promised land - this is a great, fascinating task! (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
20. The time for writing at leisure has passed. Give your whole self to people - that's what is needed in art now. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
21. The composer, like the poet, sculptor, painter, is called to serve the person and the people. It should beautify human life and protect it. First of all, he must be a citizen in his art, sing of human life and lead a person to a brighter future. Such, from my point of view, is the unshakable code of art. (Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev)
22. Now is not the time when music was written for a tiny circle of aesthetes. Now huge crowds of people have come face to face with serious music and are waiting inquiringly. Composers, pay attention to this moment; if you push these crowds away, they will go to jazz or to where "Marusya has gone and is lying in the dead." if you keep them, you will get an audience that has never been anywhere and at any time, but it does not follow from this that you need to adapt to this audience. Pampering has an element of insincerity in it, and nothing good has ever come out of patching up. The masses want great music, great events, great love, merry dancing. They understand a lot more than some composers think and they want to improve. (Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev)
23. Music must first of all be loved; should come from the heart and be addressed to the heart. Otherwise, music must be deprived of the hope of being an eternal and imperishable art.
24. Composing music is an integral part of my existence, just like breathing or eating are necessary functions of life. (Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov)
25. The highest quality of any art is its sincerity! (Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov)
26. Music is the noblest, most cordial, most sincere, most charming, most subtle of all that the human spirit has invented! (Anton Rubinstein)
The performance is the second creation of a musical composition. (Anton Rubinstein)
27. You can talk a lot and beautifully, without saying anything wonderful; In music it will be an unusual and beautiful instrumentation of insignificant thoughts, in painting it will be a large boarded-up frame for a small, insignificant picture. (Anton Rubinstein)
28. An artist should not be born into wealth. Worries about his daily bread are even useful to him at first: they add drama to his work. (Anton Rubinstein)
29. Thinkers and scientists keep their heads down and mostly forward; artists and poets keep their heads thrown back and usually look up. (Anton Rubinstein)
30. The nationality of the country in which the writer was born and brought up will always be visible in his writings, even if he lives in a foreign country and writes in a foreign language. (Anton Rubinstein)
31. Beautiful women do not know how to grow old, artists do not know how to leave the stage in time: both are wrong. (Anton Rubinstein)
32. What can a person not be able to do if he wants to! He must be able to make the impossible possible. I choose this as my motto! (Anton Rubinstein)
33. Music is the noblest, most cordial, most sincere, most charming, most subtle of all that the human spirit has invented. (Anton Rubinstein)
34. The main and integral features of the new in the art of music are modernity and simplicity.
35. Real art, in addition to purely aesthetic pleasure, pleasure and beauty (and great art educates a sense of real beauty), brings enormous benefits: it educates a person! (Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov)
36. O life, O creative impulse,
All-Creating Desire:
You are everything. You are an ocean of passions, then raging. then calm.
I love your walls, I love your joy (I don't love only despair). (A.N.Scriabin)
37. It is impossible to fully explain creativity in words. everything is my creation. But it itself exists only in its creations, it is completely identical with them. I am nothing. I am only what I create. (A.N.Scriabin)
38. We must not forget that only that which has its roots in the people is lasting. (S.I. Taneev)
39. I personally have great confidence in the musical abilities of the Russian people. We must take care that the dormant creative forces of our people break through and manifest themselves in creations that stand at the level of those immortal folk melodies that constitute unattainable samples for us, learned musicians. (S.I. Taneev)
40. Glory makes people feel that there is strength in them, in themselves, and there is nothing more pleasant than to feel strength in oneself. (S.I. Taneev)
41. Only by mastering the experience of the great musicians of the past, by developing realistic traditions, is it possible to create works worthy in their content and in their level of our era. (T.N. Khrennikov)
42. Songliness, I think, is that melodic principle that should be present in every work of any composer, acquiring its own specific, individual features in any genre of music. (T.N. Khrennikov)
43. Beauty in music does not consist in a heap of effects and harmonic curiosities, but in simplicity and naturalness. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
44. Music is a treasury into which every nationality contributes its own, for the common good. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
45. Only that music can touch, shock and hurt, which has poured out from the depths of the soul excited by inspiration. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
46. ​​I wish with all the strength of my soul that my music spread, that the number of people who love it, find consolation and support in it, increases. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
47. I grew up in the wilderness, from my earliest childhood I was imbued with the inexplicable beauty of the characteristic features of Russian folk music. I passionately love the Russian element in all its manifestations. I am Russian in the fullest sense of the word. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
48. Russian folk song is the most precious example of folk art. Beauty in music does not lie in a heap of effects and harmonic curiosities, but in simplicity and naturalness. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
49. Dissonance is the greatest power of music. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
50. Inspiration is such a guest who does not like to visit the lazy. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
51. Where the heart is not touched, there can be no music. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
52. Even a person endowed with the seal of a genius does not create anything, not only great, but also average, if he does not work hellishly ... (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
53. Everyone in his own way serves the common good - and yet art is, in my opinion, a necessary need for humanity. Outside my musical sphere, I am incapable of serving for the good of my neighbor. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
54. What is alien to the human heart cannot be a source of musical inspiration! (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
55. Love and study the great art of music. It will open to you a whole world of high feelings, passions, thoughts. It will make you spiritually richer. Thanks to music, you will find new powers unknown to you before. You will see life in new tones and colors.
56. Lovers and connoisseurs of music are not born, but become ... To fall in love with music, you must first of all listen to it. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
57. Melody is a thought, it is movement, it is the soul of a piece of music. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
58. Music accompanies a person throughout his life ... It is difficult to imagine a person's life without music. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
59. Without the sounds of music, she would be incomplete, deaf, poor. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
60. People need all kinds of music - from the simple tune of a flute to the sound of a huge symphony orchestra, from a simple popular song to Beethoven's sonatas. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
61. The treasures of music are inexhaustible, and so are its possibilities in the future. It will forever grow and develop, just as the human spirit will forever grow and expand. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
62. Real music is capable of expressing only humane feelings, only advanced humane ideas... We do not know of a single piece of music that glorifies malice, hatred, robbery. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
63. The artist's talent is not his personal property, it belongs to the people. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)
64. Only that art will live, flourish, be deeply rooted in life, which sees its vocation in serving the great creator of history - the people. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich)

Aphorisms of foreign composers:

1. The purpose of music is to touch heartsJohann Sebastian Bach)
2. Music mediator between the life of the mind and the life of the senses. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
3. Music should strike fire from people's hearts. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
4. Give thanks wherever you can

Above all, love freedom

And even at the royal throne

Do not renounce the truth. (Ludwig van Beethoven)

1. To describe is the business of painting, poetry can also consider itself happy in this respect compared to music, its area is not so limited as mine. But on the other hand, mine extends much further into other realms, and my possessions are not so easily encroached upon. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
2. Music is a higher revelation than wisdom and philosophy. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
3. Music is a people's need. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
4. For a person with talent and love for work, there are no barriers. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
5. The highest distinction of man is perseverance in overcoming the most cruel obstacles. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
6. ... anyone who acts morally and nobly can, by virtue of this very thing, endure misfortune. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
7. A true artist who loves art most of all is never satisfied with himself and tries to go further and further. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
8. There is no rule that cannot be broken for the sake of something more beautiful. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
9. No such outposts have yet been erected that would say to the emerging talent: so far and no further. (Ludwig van Beethoven)
10. write music not difficult, the hardest thing is to cross out extra notes. ( Johannes Brahms)
11. Music cannot think, but it can embody a thought. ( Richard Wagner)
12. Melody is the only form of music; without melody, music is unthinkable, and music and melody are inseparable. ( Richard Wagner)
13. One has only to want, and there will be art! ( Richard Wagner)
14. The mistake in the artistic genre of opera was that the means of expression (music) was made the goal, and the goal of expression (drama) was made the means. ( Richard Wagner)
15. True art can rise from its state of civilized barbarism to its worthy height only on the shoulders of our great social movement; he and he have a common goal, and they can achieve it only on the condition that both recognize it. This goal is a beautiful and strong man; let the Revolution give him Strength, Art - Beauty. ( Richard Wagner)
16. ...outside of life, worthwhile art must perish... ( Richard Wagner)
17. Music is the true universal human speech. (Carl Maria von Weber)
18. To compose music, you must first of all have it in your soul! ( Giuseppe Verdi)
19. Music should not shield us from life. After all, everything we live by: our sufferings, our joys - all this should sound in full voice in music. We in it, as in life, must be sincere. ( Giuseppe Verdi)
20. Melody, harmony, recitation, passionate singing, orchestral effects and colors are nothing but means. ( Giuseppe Verdi)
21. Create good music with these tools. ( Giuseppe Verdi)
22. Good instrumentation does not consist in variety and extraordinary effects - it is good. when expressing something. ( Giuseppe Verdi)
23. The beauty of music is in the melody. ( Joseph Haydn)
24. I would be very sorry. if my music only entertained my listeners: I aspired to make them better. (Georg Friedrich Handel)
25. Simplicity, truth and naturalness - these are the three great principles of beauty in all works of art. (Christoph Wellibald Gluck)
26. Words sometimes need music, but music doesn't need anything. ( Edvard Grieg)
27. Art is a heart capable of thinking. ( Charles Gounod)
28. I managed to see the big world, but everywhere and always I remained what I was, a simple Czech musician. ( Antonin Dvorak)
29. Music is the arithmetic of sounds, just as optics is the geometry of light. ( Claude Debussy)
30. Artistic music grows out of folk music. It is its close continuation, an elegant advanced degree. ( Zoltan Kodaly)
31. Music is the language of the invisible world around us and, like everything mysterious, deeply excites my whole being. ( Ljubica Marich)
32. Music dominates autocratically and makes you forget about everything else. (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
33. Poetry is the obedient daughter of music. (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
34. Music, even in the most terrible dramatic situations, must always captivate the ear, always remain music! (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
35. Music is the architecture of sounds; this is a plastic art that forms the vibration of air instead of clay... ( Camille Saint-Saens)
36. Music has no fatherland; fatherland is her universe. ( Fryderyk Chopin)
37. The expression of thoughts through tones, the discovery of feelings through these tones, the art of expressing oneself in tones - there is music! ( Fryderyk Chopin)
38. Music is like drama. The queen (melody) has more power, but the decision is always with the king. ( Robert Schumann)
39. Who does not play with piano , does not play on it either. (Robert Schumann )
40. The fingers should create on the piano what the head wants - and not vice versa. (Robert Schumann )
41. Always play as if the artist is listening to you. ( Robert Schumann)
42. ... Music in its highest sense is capable of embodying all the multifaceted concreteness of real life: the most subtle and special states of the soul, the life of an individual and the life of peoples, the national character of the country and its nature! ( Robert Schumann)
43. For me, the poetic program is nothing more than a creative occasion both for creating an expressive form and for the musical development of my sensations, and not just a musical description of famous life events. ( Richard Strauss)
44. I draw... I draw a sonata... What a joy it is to work hard, furiously, without respite, almost to the point of losing consciousness, forgetting everything. (Mikalojus Ciurlionis)
45. Music must come from the heart to reach the heart. ( George Enescu)

Aphorisms of prominent foreign figures:

1. MUSIC IS THE GREATEST POWER. SHE CAN MAKE A MAN LOVE AND HATE, FORGIVE AND KILL.From the teachings of ancient Greek philosophers)
2. When we perceive with the ear rhythm and melody our mental state changes. (Aristotle )
3. Music washes away the dust of everyday life from the soul. (Berthold Averbakh )
4. Music alone is the language of the world and does not need translation, for the soul speaks. (Berthold Averbakh )
5. Music is the only world language, it does not need to be translated, soul speaks to soul in it. ( Averbakh)
6. We don't listen to music, but music listens to us. ( Theodor Adorno)
7. What is music but sounds that change and move in time. (Leonard Bernstein)
8. What is music ? It occupies a place between thought and appearance; like a pre-dawn mediator, she stands between spirit and matter; related to both, it is different from them; this is a spirit in need of measured time; is matter that does without space ( Heinrich Heine)
9. Music is the last word of art... ( Heinrich Heine)
10. The greatness of art is most clearly seen in music. ( Johann Wolfgang Goethe )
11. Music is the highest of the arts.(Johann Wolfgang Goethe )
12. Music "pleasant to the ear" is like a book "pleasant to look at". ( Joseph Hoffman)
13. The secret of music is that it finds an inexhaustible source where speech falls silent. (Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann)
14. Of all the noises known to man, music is the most expensive noise. ( Theophile Gauthier)
15. write about music It's like dancing about architecture. ( Frank Zappa)
16. Music with its melody brings us to the very edge of eternity and gives us the opportunity for a few minutes to comprehend its greatness ( Thomas Carlyle)
17. The destruction of any state begins with the destruction of its music. A people without pure and bright music is doomed to degeneration. (Chinese proverb)
18. Music unites peoples, its language is clear to everyone, it helps to comprehend the spiritual warehouse of the nation. ( Van Cliburn)
19. Music is the art of sadness and joy for no reason. (Tadeusz Kotarbinski)
20. There is no sweeter music in the world than the sound of your favorite voice. ( Jean de La Bruyère)
21. Music is the universal language of mankind. (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)
22. Music is the best solace for a sad person. ( Martin Luther)
23. Without music life would be a mistake. ( Friedrich Nietzsche )
24. God gave us music so that we would first of all be drawn upward by it... ( Friedrich Nietzsche )
25. Music inspires the whole world, supplies the soul with wings, promotes the flight of the imagination. ( Plato)
26. ...the greatest of the wonders of music that affects only movement is its ability to convey to them even the image of peace. Sleep, silence at night, solitude and even silence belong to the number of musical pictures. Painting, which does not have such power, is not able to imitate music in the way that the latter imitates it ... ( Jean-Jacques Rousseau)
27. Expressiveness is a quality by which a musician feels and conveys with force all the ideas that he must convey, and all those feelings that he must express ... ( Jean Jacques Rousseau)
28. The field of music is spiritual unrest. The purpose of music is to excite these emotional disturbances, and she herself is also inspired by them. ( George Sand)
29. Music revives in us the consciousness of our mental faculties; its sounds inspire us with the noblest efforts. (Anne-Louise Germaine de Stael)
30. Nothing evokes the past with such force as music; she achieves more: when she invokes it, it seems as if it itself passes before us, shrouded, like the shadows of those who are dear to us, with a mysterious and sad veil. (Anne-Louise Germaine de Stael)
31. ... Music, when it is perfect, undoubtedly gives the brightest happiness. ( Stendhal)
32. Music was perhaps my strongest and most costly passion ... I would have walked hundreds of leagues, I would have agreed to stay in prison for weeks, just to listen to Don Giovanni (Mozart's opera) or The Secret Marriage ( opera by Cimarosa), and I can’t imagine why else I would make such sacrifices. ( Stendhal)
33. With the help of the magical language of music, you can instantly find yourself in an amazingly mysterious and wonderful world of beauty and inspiration. (Leopold Stokowski)
34. Music - source of joy for wise people. ( Xun Tzu)
35. It is impossible to grow a full-fledged person without cultivating a sense of beauty in him. (Rabindranath Tagore)
36. Music encourages us to think eloquently. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Aphorisms of Russian composers:

1. The point of harmony is to draw those features that are not and cannot be in the melody. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
2. Avoid singing in the company of bad amateurs, so you will either be spoiled with excessive praise, which is always harmful, or you will be made remarks from which you will be jarred. In the company of real musicians, sing boldly, because from them, except for useful instructions, you will not hear anything else. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
3. It is possible to combine the requirements of art with the requirements of the age and, taking advantage of the improvement of instruments and performance, write plays that are equally reportable to connoisseurs and ordinary public. (Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka)
4. I want the sound to directly express the word. I want the truth. (Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky)
5. Music not only gives us pleasure. She teaches a lot. She, like a book, makes us better, smarter, kinder. ()
6. Spiritual baggage, unlike ordinary baggage, has an amazing property: the larger it is, the easier it is for a person to follow the paths of life. (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
7. Music is an art that has a great power of emotional impact on a person, and that is why it can play a huge role in educating the clergy of children and youth. (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
8. Art is perhaps the most amazing miracle of all miracles. created by mankind throughout the history of its existence, and feeling, thought and beauty are inextricably linked in this miracle. Why deceive people, why impoverish their spiritual world by presenting mediocre deformities, devoid of feelings, thoughts, and beauty, as the highest achievements of art? (Dmitry Borisovich Kabalevsky)
9. Music is most capable of expressing and conveying spiritual moods. ( Caesar Cui)
10. I understand the people as a great personality, animated by a single idea. This is my task! I tried to resolve it in my opera. (Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
11. ... For me, an important article is a faithful reproduction of folk fantasy, no matter how it manifests itself.
12. What a vast, rich world of art, if a person is taken as the goal!(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
13. The demands of art from the contemporary artist are so enormous that they can engulf the whole person.(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
14. Art is a means of conversing with people, not a goal... Whatever speech I hear, no matter who speaks (the main thing, no matter what they say), the musical presentation of such a speech is working in my brain...(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
15. I want to make people: I sleep and see, I eat and think about it, I drink - it seems to me, it is one whole, big, untinted and without leaf. And what a terrible (truly) wealth of folk speech. What an inexhaustible ore for the grip of everything real - the life of the Russian people!(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
16. In the human masses, as in an individual, there are always the finest features that elude the grasp, features that have not yet been touched by anyone: to notice and study them in reading, in observation, by conjecture, to study with all their guts and feed humanity with them, as a healthy dish, which I have not tried yet - that's the task! Delight and pure delight!(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
17. I have put a cross on myself, and with my head up, I will cheerfully and cheerfully go against everyone towards a bright, strong, righteous goal, towards real art, loving a person, living by his joy, his grief and suffering.(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
18. Life, wherever it affects; the truth, no matter how salty; bold, sincere speech to people point-blank, that's my leaven, that's what I want and that's what I would be afraid to miss.(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
19. Life is calling to a new musical work, a broad musical work; further, even further on the good path, with great zeal to new shores of yet boundless art! To search for these shores, to search tirelessly, without fear and embarrassment, and to stand with a firm foot on the promised land - this is a great, fascinating task!(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
20. The time for leisure writing is over. Give your whole self to people - that's what is needed in art now.(Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky)
21. The composer, like the poet, sculptor, painter, is called upon to serve man and the people. It should beautify human life and protect it. First of all, he must be a citizen in his art, sing of human life and lead a person to a brighter future. Such, from my point of view, is the unshakable code of art. (Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev)
22. Now is not the time when music was written for a tiny circle of aesthetes. Now huge crowds of people have come face to face with serious music and are waiting inquiringly. Composers, pay attention to this moment; if you push these crowds away, they will go to jazz or to where "Marusya has gone and is lying in the dead." if you keep them, you will get an audience that has never been anywhere and at any time, but it does not follow from this that you need to adapt to this audience. Pampering has an element of insincerity in it, and nothing good has ever come out of patching up. The masses want great music, great events, great love, merry dancing. They understand a lot more than some composers think and they want to improve. (Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev)
23. Music must first of all be loved; should come from the heart and be addressed to the heart. Otherwise, music must be deprived of the hope of being an eternal and imperishable art (Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov)
24. Composing music is an integral part of my existence, just like breathing or eating are necessary functions of life. (Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov)
25. The highest quality of any art is its sincerity! (Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov)
26. Music is the noblest, most cordial, most sincere, most charming, most subtle of all that the human spirit has invented! (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)

The performance is the second creation of a musical composition. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)

1. You can talk a lot and beautifully, without saying anything wonderful; In music it will be an unusual and beautiful instrumentation of insignificant thoughts, in painting it will be a large boarded-up frame for a small, insignificant picture. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
2. An artist should not be born into wealth. Worries about his daily bread are even useful to him at first: they add drama to his work. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
3. Thinkers and scientists keep their heads down and for the most part forward; artists and poets keep their heads thrown back and usually look up. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
4. The nationality of the country in which the writer was born and brought up will always be visible in his writings, even if he lives in a foreign country and writes in a foreign language. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
5. Beautiful women do not know how to grow old, artists do not know how to leave the stage in time: both are wrong. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
6. What a man can't do if he wants to! He must be able to make the impossible possible. I choose this as my motto! (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
7. Music is the noblest, most cordial, most sincere, most charming, most subtle of all that the human spirit has invented. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinshtein)
8. The main and integral features of the new in the art of music are modernity and simplicity. (Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov)
9. Real art, in addition to purely aesthetic pleasure, pleasure and beauty (and great art educates a sense of real beauty), brings enormous benefits: it educates a person! (Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov)
10. O life, O creative impulse,

All-Creating Desire:

You are everything. You are an ocean of passions, then raging. then calm.

I love your walls, I love your joy (I don't love only despair). (Alexander Nikolaevich Skryabin)

1. It is impossible to fully explain creativity in words. everything is my creation. But it itself exists only in its creations, it is completely identical with them. I am nothing. I am only what I create. (Alexander Nikolaevich Skryabin)
2. We must not forget that only that which is rooted among the people is lasting. (Sergei Ivanovich Taneev)
3. I personally have great confidence in the musical abilities of the Russian people. We must take care that the dormant creative forces of our people break through and manifest themselves in creations that stand at the level of those immortal folk melodies that constitute unattainable samples for us, learned musicians. (Sergei Ivanovich Taneev)
4. Glory makes people feel that there is power in them, in themselves, and there is nothing more pleasant than to feel power in yourself. (Sergei Ivanovich Taneev)
5. Only by mastering the experience of the great musicians of the past, by developing realistic traditions, is it possible to create works worthy in their content and their level of our era. (Tikhon Nikolaevich Khrennikov)
6. Songness is, I think, the melodic principle that should be present in every work of any composer, acquiring its own specific, individual features in any genre of music. (Tikhon Nikolaevich Khrennikov)
7. beauty in musicconsists not in a heap of effects and harmonic curiosities, but in simplicity and naturalness. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
8. Music there is a treasury into which every nationality contributes its own, for the common good. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
9. Only that music can touch, shock and hurt, which poured out from the depths of the soul excited by inspiration. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
10. I wish with all the strength of my soul that my music spread, that the number of people who love it, find consolation and support in it, increases. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
11. I grew up in the wilderness, from my earliest childhood I was imbued with the inexplicable beauty of the characteristic features of Russian folk music. I passionately love the Russian element in all its manifestations. I am Russian in the fullest sense of the word. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
12. Russian folk song is the most precious example of folk art. Beauty in music does not lie in a heap of effects and harmonic curiosities, but in simplicity and naturalness. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
13. Dissonance is the greatest power of music. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
14. Inspiration is such a guest who does not like to visit the lazy. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
15. Where the heart is not touched, there can be no music. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
16. Even a person endowed with the seal of a genius does not create anything not only great, but also average, if he does not work hellishly ... (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
17. Everyone in his own way serves the common good - and yet art is, in my opinion, a necessary need for mankind. Outside my musical sphere, I am incapable of serving for the good of my neighbor. (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
18. What is alien to the human heart cannot be a source of musical inspiration! (Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
19. Love and learn great art music . It will open to you a whole world of high feelings, passions, thoughts. It will make you spiritually richer. Thanks to music, you will find new powers unknown to you before. You will see life in new tones and colors. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
20. lovers and connoisseurs music are not born, but become... To fall in love with music, one must first of all listen to it. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
21. Melody - this is a thought, this is movement, this is the soul of a musical work. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
22. Music accompanies a person throughout his life... It is difficult to imagine a person's life without music. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
23. Without the sounds of music, it would be incomplete, deaf, poor. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
24. People need all kinds of music - from the simple tune of a flute to the sound of a huge symphony orchestra, from a simple popular song to Beethoven's sonatas. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
25. The treasures of music are inexhaustible, and so are its possibilities in the future. It will forever grow and develop, just as the human spirit will forever grow and expand. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
26. Real music is capable of expressing only humane feelings, only progressive humane ideas... We do not know of a single piece of music that glorifies malice, hatred, robbery. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
27. The artist's talent is not his personal property, it belongs to the people. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )
28. Only that art will live, flourish, be deeply rooted in life, which sees its vocation in serving the great creator of history - the people. (Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich )

Aphorisms of prominent Russian figures:

1. Music is a living speech, sensitively reflecting reality, just like verbal speech. (Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev)
2. ...music becomes a unity of content-form in the composer's creation...as the embodiment of the thought-idea intoned by him. (Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev)
3. ...melody has been and remains the most predominant manifestation of music and its most understandable and expressive element. (Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev)
4. Composers should strive for a language of music that would be heard by millions of hearts - from mass songs to operas, cantatas and symphonies as high intellectual generalizations. This is where the ideas and forms that bring out these ideas should be directed. We are not talking about cheap rusticity for "uncomprehending" and supposedly lagging listeners, but about majestic simplicity, always understandable to people who sincerely long for excitement from their native art, and always inherent in the generally significant works of the great democrats of music. (Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev)
5. The influence of music on children is beneficial, and the sooner they begin to experience it for themselves, the better for them. (Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky)
6. Of all the arts subject to man, only music is outside him, above him. Beyond life and beyond life. ( Pavel Vezhinov)
7. The role of music in shaping the human personality is truly invaluable. Possessing the ability to touch the innermost strings of the soul, to awaken bright, noble impulses in a person, to embrace the masses in a single mood, music is rightfully considered one of the highest manifestations of human culture. ()
8. Musical art is one of the most powerful means of uniting the broad masses in a single feeling, a single impulse. (Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser)
9. Only the greatest art - music - able to touch the depths of the soul. (Maksim Gorky )
10. I don't know any other art that can be so infinitely trusted as music ... even literature, which more than 30 years ago became my desired profession and subjugated my whole existence, even the wisest book of a great writer or the most exciting poems of the best poets, no matter how passionately I love them, they do not convince me that they are right and at the same time do not give me such independence of ideas. as it happens when I listen to music! ( Lev Kassil)
11. Music is an acoustic composition that arouses in us an appetite for life, just as well-known pharmaceutical compositions arouse an appetite for food. (Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky)
12. Happy music makes even happier, unhappy - even more unhappy. ( V. Krachkovsky)
13. Music... has an unusually invigorating and cleansing power. Word and action become highly significant when music takes them on its wings. ()
14. Music is sounds, but music is also a whole mass of feelings that open up in these sounds for sensitive people.(Anatoly Vasilievich Lunacharsky)
15. I don't know if there is a single great musician who can be said to be outdated. The simplest song coming from the depths of millennia is alive. (Anatoly Vasilievich Lunacharsky)
16. Music is a sphere in which human art has become immeasurably higher than nature. (Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov)
17. Music has more to do with the moral actions of man than is commonly thought. (Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoevsky)
18. Don't believe that a person can understand music right away. This is impossible. You have to get used to it first. (Vladimir Fyodorovich Odoevsky)
19. From the pleasures of life

Music yields to one love,

But love is a melody... (Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Stone Guest")

1. I have always loved music. If I didn't have to listen to it for a long time, I would miss it. (Ilya Efimovich Repin)
2. O music! Echo of a distant harmonious world! Sigh of an angel in our soul! ( Jean Paul Richter)
3. Art is inexhaustible, like life. And nothing allows us to feel it better than inexhaustible music. than the ocean of music that fills the ages. ( Romain Rolland)
4. Music is a higher revelation than wisdom. ( Romain Rolland)
5. Music is dear to us because it is the deepest expression of the soul, the harmonic echo of its joys and sorrows. ( Romain Rolland)
6. Music, like rain, seeps into the heart drop by drop and enlivens it. ( Romain Rolland)
7. You can't live without music. This, in my opinion, is the strongest, most powerful art that has amazing power over the souls of people. (Martiros Sergeevich Saryan)
8. For me, the phrase "man and song" sounds like "man and air". If there is not enough air, the person suffocates. (Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov)
9. Music is the language of the soul; it is the realm of feelings and moods; it is the life of the soul expressed in sounds. (Alexander Nikolaevich Serov)
10. Nowhere has the folk song played and does not play such a role as in our people, nowhere has it been preserved in such richness, strength and diversity as it is with us. This gave a special warehouse and physiognomy to Russian music and called it to its own special tasks. (Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov)
11. ...without thought there is no poetry, without melody there is no music. (Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov)
12. Music, just like any other human language, must be inseparable from the people, from the soil of this people, with its historical development. (Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov)
13. Music, melody, the beauty of musical sounds are an important means of moral and mental education of a person, a source of nobility of the heart and purity of the soul. Music opens people's eyes to the beauty of nature, moral relations, labor. Thanks to music, a person awakens ideas about the sublime, majestic, beautiful not only in the world around him, but also in himself. Music is a powerful means of self-education. ()
14. Music is a powerful source of thought. Without musical education, full-fledged mental development is impossible. (Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky)
15. Music unites the moral, emotional and aesthetic spheres of a person. Music is the language of feelings. (Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky)
16. Genius, opening the lid of the piano, opens the souls wide open to everyone! (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
17. True muses play on the strings of their soul. (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
18. The Muse is friends with those who are in the finest harmony with her. (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
19. The music of the soul is the unsung song of life. (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
20. The pianist left... But his piano plays in the shower! (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
21. The higher the good note, the more refined its harmony should be. (Leonid Semenovich Sukhorukov)
22. Music is shorthand for feelingsLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy )
23. Music is the mind embodied in beautiful sounds. (Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev)
24. Melody is music, the main basis of all music... (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov)
25. Great composers have always and above all paid attention to melody as the leading principle in music. Melody is music, the main foundation of all music, since perfect melody implies and brings to life its harmonious arrangement. (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov)

Music is the highest art in the world. (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy)

If you want your children to take the first possible step towards the Nobel Prize, start not with chemistry, but with music. For the vast majority of Nobel laureates in childhood were surrounded by music. For music is food for the brain, all subsequent scientific discoveries are hidden in the structures of music. Both Einstein with the violin and Planck at the piano are not an accident, not a whim, but a Divine necessity. ". ( Mikhail Kazinik)

“Of the pleasures of life, music is inferior to love alone, but love is also a melody!”

(A.S. Pushkin)

Music is the only world language, it does not need to be translated, soul speaks to soul in it. (Berthold Auerbach)

Music is the true universal human speech. (Carl Julius Weber)

Music is a powerful source of thought. Without musical education, full-fledged mental development is impossible. (Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky)

Music is a people's need. (Ludwig van Beethoven)

Music is the mediator between the life of the mind and the life of the senses. (Ludwig van Beethoven)

Music is the poetry of the air. (J.P. Richter)

Music is the universal language of mankind. (Henry Longfellow)

Music is the art of sadness and joy for no reason. (Tadeusz Kotarbinski)

Music is thinking noise. (Victor Marie Hugo)

Music is a higher revelation than wisdom and philosophy. (Ludwig van Beethoven)

Music is intelligence embodied in beautiful sounds. (Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev)

Music is shorthand for feelings. (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy)

Music has more to do with the moral actions of man than is commonly thought. (V.F. Odoevsky)

Music inspires the whole world, supplies the soul with wings, promotes the flight of the imagination ... (Plato)

Music washes away the dust of everyday life from the soul. (Berthold Auerbach)

Music drowns out sadness. (William Shakespeare)

Music, even in the most terrible dramatic situations, must always captivate the ear, always remain music. (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)

Music for me is the same poetry, and of all kinds of poetry, it is the most captivating.
(Romain Rolland)

Music should strike fire from people's hearts. (Ludwig van Beethoven)

Music is dear to us because it is the deepest expression of the soul, the harmonic echo of its joys and sorrows. (Romain Rolland)

Music is the unconscious exercise of the soul in arithmetic. (Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz)

Music is a treasury into which every nationality contributes its own, for the common good. (P.I. Tchaikovsky)

Music makes me forget myself, my true position, it takes me to some other, not my position ... (Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy)

Music has no fatherland; her homeland is the whole universe. (F. Chopin)

Music cannot think, but it can embody thought. (R. Wagner)

Music is not only an ennobling and educational factor. Music is the healer of health. (Vladimir Bekhterev)

Music says nothing to the mind: it is perfectly structured nonsense.
(Anthony Burgess)

Music ennobles morals, but morals corrupt music. (Krzysztof Bilica)

Music ennobles morals. (Aristotle)

Music forms the middle between thought and appearance. (Heinrich Heine)

Music unites the moral, emotional and aesthetic spheres of a person. Music is the language of feelings. (Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky)

Music alone is the language of the world and does not need translation, for it speaks to the soul.
(B. Averbakh)

Music encourages us to think eloquently. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Music is like drama. The queen (melody) has more power, but the decision is always with the king. (Robert Schuman)

Music shows a person the possibilities of greatness that are in his soul.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

Music with its melody brings us to the very edge of eternity and gives us the opportunity to comprehend its greatness within a few minutes. (Thomas Carlyle)

Music creates feelings that are not in life. (Stanislav Vitkevich)

Music is capable of exerting a certain influence on the ethical side of the soul. (Aristotle)

Music needs words as little as sculpture. (Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein)

Music, just like any other human language, must be inseparable from the people, from the soil of this people, with its historical development. (Vladimir Vasilyevich Stasov)

Music is terrible when there is no tact or measure in it. (William Shakespeare)

Music, like rain, drop by drop, seeps into the heart and enlivens it.
(Romain Rolland)

Musical ignorance has always loved to grab the conductor's baton. (Boris Andreev)

(P.I. Tchaikovsky)

Real music is always revolutionary, it unites people, disturbs them, calls them forward. (Dmitry Shostakovich)

Real music is capable of expressing only humane feelings, only advanced humane ideas. (Dmitry Shostakovich)

"Music accompanies a person throughout his life. Without music, it is difficult to imagine a person's life. Without the sounds of music, it would be incomplete, deaf, poor ... People need all kinds of music - from the simple tune of a flute to the sound of a huge symphony orchestra, from unpretentious popular songs to Beethoven sonatas" (D.D. Shostakovich).

Don't believe that a person can understand music right away. This is impossible. You have to get used to it first. (V.F. Odoevsky)

I don't know if the angels really only play Bach in the presence of God; but I am sure that in their home circle they play Mozart. (Karl Barth)

We don't listen to music, but music listens to us. (Theodor Adorno)

Don't shoot the pianist - he does his best. (Oscar Wilde)

Nothing evokes the past with such force as music; she achieves more: when she invokes it, it seems as if it itself passes before us, shrouded, like the shadows of those who are dear to us, with a mysterious and sad veil. (Germaine de Stael)

Need new ears for new music. (Friedrich Nietzsche)

O music! Echo of a distant harmonious world! Sigh of an angel in our soul! (J.P. Richter)

About music you need to write notes. (Boleslav Pashkovsky)

The field of music is spiritual unrest. The purpose of music is to arouse these emotions, and she herself is also inspired by them. (George Sand)

Music, even in the most terrible dramatic situations, must always captivate the ear,
always be music.
(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The musical material, i.e. melody, harmony and rhythm, is certainly inexhaustible.
(P.I. Tchaikovsky)
Music is shorthand for feelings.
(L. Tolstoy)

Music is the art of sound utterance, a special kind of thinking with sound images. Like other types of art, such as painting, sculpture, choreography, music reproduces the emotional experiences of people and the reality around them in a living, figurative form.

The works of great composers call for a struggle for a better future, awaken noble spiritual impulses and aspirations. This kind of music is not for everyone. Not everyone can understand the significance of her design, and the beauty of artistic images.

The famous novel by Jack London describes how working guy Martin Eden, having heard the performance of classical piano music for the first time, was discouraged.

Ruth's performance "stunned Martin, hit him like a hard blow to the head, but stunned and crushed, at the same time stirred his soul."

The ability of music with great impressive power to convey the subtlest shades of feeling in motion, in the process of continuous development, is one of its most powerful and attractive aspects.

Characterizing music as an area primarily of emotional experiences, one cannot say that the content of any musical work is entirely limited to a circle of deeply personal moods and feelings. By expressing feelings in musical works, the whole diversity of the surrounding reality is reproduced with great artistic power. Getting acquainted with the best works of musical creativity, it is clear that their content is not only emotional experiences and moods, but also serious reflection, the image of various human characters in their mutual clashes and life struggles, great social conflicts.

One of the outstanding "painters" in music was N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov.

As in any art, the content of a musical work is disguised into an artistic image, and often into a whole system of images. Images of musical art are perceived by ear. That is why no, even the most vivid verbal and literary description of a musical work can give a real idea of ​​its immediate sound.

And in any musical image - be it a simple tune of a folk song or a lyrical romance, a musical characteristic of a hero or the main idea of ​​an instrumental work - the phenomena of reality are reproduced by specific expressive means of the musical language.

The concept of musical language covers a variety of constituent elements and expressive means of musical art. These include the intonational and methodological nature of music, rhythm, modal organization of the sounds of musical speech, polyphonic presentation, performance tempo, high or low registers of sound, timbre, and much more.

An important aspect of music is rhythmic organization. Various aspects of reality are recreated by expressive means of musical rhythm. The development of a musical-rhythmic feeling in people was facilitated by various manifestations of rhythmic periodicity, starting from the vital activity of the human body itself: uniform breathing and heartbeats, pulse, regularity of the natural step when walking, orderliness of working movements during blows of an ax, shovel, swing of a scythe. It is no coincidence that one of the most ancient types of songs in origin were the so-called labor choruses, which contributed to the establishment of a measured labor rhythm of the work team. The chorus exclamations of such songs ("Once again", "Take", "Let's move", "Wow") served as signals for making a joint labor effort.

There are many types of music in the modern world. And each person chooses the one that suits him. But the main thing is that musical works should not lose their mission - to improve life, improve humanity, open the way to the future - radiant and beautiful.

Specificity of musical art. Like other types of human spiritual activity, music is a means of knowing the world, given to a person so that he learns to understand himself, see the beauty of the Universe and comprehend the meaning of life.

Music is the language of feelings, said Robert Schumann. But music began to learn to express feelings only at the end of the Renaissance, at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries. It was a time when a person realized himself as a person capable of thinking, feeling and creating, when secular art flourished and opera was born.

The expression of human passions-affects became the primary task of musical art in the 18th century, and in the era of romanticism, the world of emotions and sensations becomes the main area that composers turn to in search of themes, images, and even means of expression. Feelings, sounds, sketches of the surrounding life, movement But isn't the world of ideas subject to music? Every truly musical work has an idea, Beethoven argued.

The idea, expressed in his famous Fifth Symphony, was formulated by the author himself as follows: From darkness to light, through struggle to victory. It is not at all necessary that words help music in the embodiment of ideas - be it a literary program, an opera libretto, a poetic epigraph or author's explanations. We do not know the program of Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony, which, according to the composer himself, existed in his imagination, very few know the fragmentary statements of Tchaikovsky, concretizing the figurative and ideological content of the work.

However, it is unlikely that anyone will doubt that this music is about life and death, about the confusion of the human spirit, comprehending the tragic inevitability of departure. Kabalevsky D. Education of the mind and heart Moscow, Enlightenment, 1981 Emotions and sensations, movement and change, ideas and representations, life and nature, real and fantastic, the subtlest nuances of color and grandiose generalizations - everything is accessible to music, although not to the same extent.

What means does musical art have, what regularities are its basis, in what forms does it express such a diverse content? Music exists in a special coordinate system, the most important dimensions of which are sound space and time.

Both dimensions make up the primary, generic properties of music, although only the first one is specific to it - pitch. Of the thousands of sounds of the surrounding world, only musical sounds can become music. Noise and percussion effects are used very selectively even in the works of modern avant-garde composers. But the musical sound itself cannot be perceived either emotionally or aesthetically. Not music yet, but a set of musical sounds that can be likened to an artist's palette or a set of words that a poet has at his disposal.

It is believed that the main expressive means of music are melody, harmony and rhythm. The bearer of meaning and the smallest structural unit of the musical language is intonation, the existence of which again confirms the deep connection between the two worlds - verbal and sound - and proves that at the beginning of music there was also a word. However, here the concept of intonation acquires a different, much deeper and more comprehensive meaning.

Academician B. Asafiev very accurately said this. Music is the art of intoned meaning. Hence some musical terms - tonic, tonality, intonation, intonation. The progenitors of many musical intonations were the intonations of human speech, but not ordinary ones, but those that appear at the moments of the most vivid expression of passions or emotions.

The intonations of crying, complaints, exclamations or questions came into music from life and, even without being associated with a word, for example, in instrumental genres, retain their primary emotional and psychological meaning. Dido's lament from G. Purcell's opera Dido and Aeneas, the lament of the Holy Fool from M. Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov express mournful emotion as clearly as the fourth part of Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony or the Funeral March from F. Chopin's 2nd sonata. The ascending sixth - the so-called motive of the question - indeed perfectly reflects the interrogative intonation of human speech. It is no coincidence that it was so often used by romantic composers and found wide application in works of an emotional and lyrical nature, such as Schumann's famous miniature Why? from the piano cycle Fantastic Pieces. An obligatory attribute of the heroic principle in music is imperative, invocative intonations - in particular, an ascending quart, on the last sound of which a metrical stress falls.

True, its origin is connected not only with speech, but also with military and signal urban music, which was written mainly for wind instruments. Having entered professional musical creativity and having lost their applied function, these intonational elements have undergone significant changes, however, the very essence of their expressiveness has remained the same - it is energetic fourth and trisonic motifs that determine the nature of the main image of affect in the heroic arias of the Italian opera seria, in revolutionary songs and solemn hymns, in Beethoven's Eroica Symphony and Richard Strauss's symphonic poem Don Giovanni. Not all music reveals a direct connection with speech intonations. If it were so, the range of its expressive possibilities would not be so wide.

For example, in the themes of a song warehouse, speech elements turn out to be as if dissolved, smoothed out, and often they are not present at all - in such cases, the listener's attention is attracted primarily by the melodic line itself, the beauty of its pattern, the flexible, and sometimes bizarre plasticity of sound forms. Such is the Italian operatic cantilena, a classic example - Norma's cavatina from the opera of the same name by V. Bellini, the lyrical themes of Tchaikovsky or Rachmaninoff, let us recall the slow part of his 2nd piano concerto. Intonation in music has a certain expressive meaning, but it does not reveal all the facets of the artistic image and cannot play a constructive, formative role. These functions are assumed by the musical theme - the main semantic and constructive unit of any musical work, not identified with the melody.

The melody, however important it may be, is only one side of the theme. Moreover, there are works without a melody in the usual sense of the word, preludes and toccatas of the Baroque era, an introduction to Wagner's opera Gold of the Rhine, Lyadov's symphonic picture The Magic Lake, Debussy's preludes, or works by contemporary composers - O. Messiaen, K. Stockhausen, A. Schnittke and many others. However, there is no music without a theme.

The theme in the deepest and most universal sense is a kind of musical unity, in which all means of musical expression interact - melody, mode and harmony, meter and rhythm, texture, timbre, register and form-building components.

Each of these elements has specific properties inherent only to it and has its own field of activity, that is, it performs certain figurative and compositional tasks. Kabalevsky D. Education of mind and heart Moscow, Enlightenment, 1981 Melody.

It is no coincidence that she was at the top of our list.

A monophonic sequence of sounds, a monophonic musical thought - these are the theoretical definitions of a melody. But there are other interpretations as well. Melody is a thought, it is a movement, it is the soul of a piece of music, said Shostakovich. His words were perfectly complemented by Asafiev. Melody has been and remains the most predominant manifestation of music and its most understandable and expressive element. Indeed, at all times nothing was valued among musicians as highly as the talent to compose melodies from all elements of the musical language; affects the aesthetic sense of a person so directly and nothing can more fully than a melody restore in our minds a holistic image of a musical work.

But the melody cannot exist by itself. The sounds that make up the melody must be organized into a certain system, which is called mode; let us recall other meanings of the Russian word lad - order, agreement, reasonable, correct arrangement. The actions of all the elements of the mode are coordinated, each of them is functionally connected with the others; there is a central element - the tonic and the elements subordinate to it. Thanks to this, gravity arises in music - a certain field of attraction and repulsion, which makes us hear some sounds as stable, calm, balanced, and others as unstable, dynamically striving and requiring permission, we will not find analogues to this property of music in any other art, it can only be likened to the force of universal gravitation. Musical sounds have another peculiarity.

They can be combined with each other not only sequentially, but also simultaneously and form all sorts of combinations - intervals, chords.

On the contrary, sound combinations and the ability of our ear to capture them as something integral give rise to additional expressive properties of music, the most important of which is harmony. Combinations of sounds are perceived by us in different ways, either as euphonious - consonances with lat - agreement, consonance, harmony, or as dissonant, internally contradictory - dissonances.

A vivid example of a harmonic organization is the classical major or minor, which became the basis for the music of many eras and styles. In these seven-step modes, the center of attraction and the main stable element that subjugates unstable steps, intervals and chords is the tonic triad chord, which is on the first step of the mode. Any amateur who knows how to play three signature chords on the guitar - tonic T, subdominant S and dominant D triads, is familiar with the basics of the classical tonal system.

In addition to major and minor, there are many other modes - we find them in the musical systems of the ancient world, in ancient music, in folklore, their range was significantly expanded by the work of composers of the 20th century. Kabalevsky D. Education of the mind and heart Moscow, Enlightenment, 1981 Harmony arises in the conditions of harmony, that is, in a certain way organized sound space.

Harmony in the usual sense of this term was born only in the Baroque era, acquired clear forms in the works of the Viennese classics and was brought to the utmost complexity, refinement and diversity in romantic music, which shook the leading positions of the melody. In the music of the 20th century, many new systems of harmonic organization arose, for example, among the impressionists Debussy and Ravel, Messiaen or Stravinsky. Some composers - among them Rachmaninoff and Myaskovsky - remained true to the classical-romantic principles, and artists such as Prokofiev or Shostakovich, in the field of harmonic means, managed to organically combine tradition and innovation.

The functions of harmony are very diverse and responsible. Firstly, it provides a horizontal connection of consonances in a piece of music, that is, it is one of the main conductors of musical time. Due to the change of stable and unstable, consonant and dissonant harmonies, we feel the moments of accumulation of tension, rises and falls - this is how the expressive and dynamic properties of harmony are manifested.

Secondly, harmony gives rise to a sense of sound color, as it is able to bring subtle light and color gradations into music, create the effect of matching colorful spots and a smooth change of subtle color nuances. In different eras, different composers manifested certain properties of harmony differently; the classics valued in it, first of all, the ability to logically connect consonances, activate the process of musical development and build a composition, which was especially pronounced in the sonata form of romance, significantly enhanced the role of the expressive-emotional qualities of harmony, although not Impressionist composers were indifferent to sound colorfulness and completely immersed themselves in admiring sound coloring - it is no coincidence that the very name of this direction is directly related to a similar trend in European painting.

The manifestations of the expressive properties of the mode are very diverse.

Major and minor, familiar to everyone, have a well-defined emotional and coloristic coloring. Major sounds light, upbeat and is associated with joyful, bright images, music written in minor, as a rule, is gloomy in color and is associated with the expression of sad-melancholy or mournful moods. Each of the 24 keys is perceived by us in completely different ways. Even in the Baroque era, they were endowed with a special symbolic meaning, which has been preserved for them up to the present day. So, C major is associated with light, purity, the radiance of the divine mind. D major is best suited to express feelings of jubilation and triumph - this is the key of Beethoven's Solemn Mass, joyful, laudatory choirs of Bach's High Mass - such as Gloria Glory or Et resurrexit And resurrected si minor - the sphere of mournful-tragic images, it was not for nothing that Bach used this key in those numbers of the mass, where it is about the sacrifice and suffering of Jesus.

So, harmony and harmony ensure the existence of music in the sound space.

But music is unthinkable outside the second axis of coordinates - musical time, the expressions of which are meter, rhythm and tempo. The meter divides musical time into equal segments - metric shares, which turn out to be unequal in their meaning, are the shares of the supporting strong and non-supporting weak ones. In such an organization it is easy to see an analogy with poetry - this once again confirms the deep kinship of both arts. As in poetry, in music there are two-part and three-part meters, which largely determine the nature of the movement and even the genre features of a particular work. Thus, a three-beat meter, in which the first beat is accented, allows us to recognize a waltz, and a uniform alternation of durations under two-beat conditions helps to catch the marching beginning.

However, for all its significance, the meter is only the basis, it is only a grid, or canvas, on which a rhythmic pattern is applied. It is the rhythm that concretizes this or that genre in music and gives individuality to any melody.

The significance of rhythm is especially evident in various dance genres, each of which has a special rhythmic formula. Thanks to the rhythm, even without hearing the melody, one can accurately distinguish the waltz from the mazurka, the march from the polka, the bolero from the polonaise. Of great importance in music is the tempo - that is, the speed of performance, which depends on the frequency of alternation of metric beats. Slow, fast and moderate tempos are associated not only with different types of movement, but also with a certain area of ​​expressiveness.

It is impossible to imagine, for example, a romance-elegy at a fast tempo or a Krakowiak at the tempo of an adagio. The tempo has a strong influence on the genre mood - it is the slow nature of the movement that makes it possible to distinguish a funeral march from a military march or a scherzo march, and more radical changes in tempo can completely rethink the genre - turn a slow lyrical waltz into a dizzying scherzo, and a gallant minuet into a majestically imposing sarabande.

Often tempo and meter play a decisive role in creating a musical image. Let's compare two of Mozart's most famous works - the theme of the first part of the 40th symphony and Pamina's aria from the second act of the opera The Magic Flute. They are based on the same intonation of complaint - lamento, painted in the elegiac tones of G minor. The music of the first part of the symphony is akin to an agitated speech in which feeling is directly poured out; it creates a feeling of a quivering, almost romantic impulse. The lyrics of the aria are grief, deep, hopeless, as if chained from the inside, but full of hidden tension.

At the same time, the tempo in the first case has a decisive influence on the nature of the lyrical image, and in the second it is slow, as well as the size in the symphony - two-part, with iambic motifs striving for a strong beat of the beat, in Pamina's aria - with a three-part pulsation, softened and more fluid. . The means of musical expressiveness - melody, metrorhythm, mode and harmony - must be coordinated and organized in a certain way, must find some kind of material embodiment.

Texture is responsible for this in music, which can be defined as a type of presentation of musical material, a way of constructing musical fabric. There are many types of textures. We will single out only two most important principles in the organization of the musical fabric - polyphonic and homophonic. The first arises as a result of a combination of several independent melodic voices. If the same thematic material is used in all voices alternately or with some overlap, then imitation polyphony arises - this type of texture prevails in the secular and church choral music of the Renaissance, it is widely represented in the works of the baroque polyphony masters, in particular in Bach's fugues and Handel.

If different melodies are combined vertically, then we are dealing with contrasting polyphony. It is not as widespread in music as imitation, but is found in works of various eras and styles - from the Middle Ages to the present day. So, in the trio of the Commander, Don Giovanni and Leporello from Mozart's opera Don Giovanni, each of the participants is embraced by his own feeling, therefore the vocal parts of the heroes, merging in a polyphonic ensemble, are clearly contrasting with each other, pain and suffering are expressed in the lamentose phrases of the Commander, pity and the soul-chilling fear of death is embodied in the heartfelt cantilena melody of Don Juan, and the cowardly Leporello mumbles his patter in an undertone.

The second type of texture - homophony - implies the presence of a leading melodic voice and accompaniment.

A variety of options are also possible here - from a simple chord warehouse, where the upper voice of the choral chorale of Bach plays a melodic role, to a melody with a developed, individualized accompaniment of Chopin's nocturnes, Rachmaninov's preludes. Kabalevsky D. Education of the mind and heart Moscow, Enlightenment, 1981 Everything that has been discussed so far is of fundamental importance for music, but exists only on music paper until it is embodied in sounds, because sound is an indispensable condition the existence of musical art.

How does sound materialize, how does music convey its meaning to the listener? This secret lies in a special sphere of expressive means - the whole world of timbres. Human voices and instruments - woodwinds, brass, strings and percussion - give the music a lively breath and an amazing variety of colors.

They perform both individually and in countless combinations, each of which has very special expressive qualities and color. The vocal solo reveals the finest emotional nuances, and the monumental, fresco sonority of the mixed choir is capable of shaking the vaults of cathedrals and concert halls. The sound of the string quartet, amazing in its warmth and unity of timbres, at the same time creates the impression of plasticity and graphic clarity of lines; discordant woodwinds captivate with watercolor transparency and clarity of colors.

The individuality of voices and instruments has been noticed by composers for a very long time. Sincere solos, similar to the theme of the slow part of Tchaikovsky's 4th symphony, are often entrusted to the oboe. Brilliant and coldish-transparent graces are excellent for the flute - it is not in vain that Rimsky-Korsakov uses it, characterizing the beautiful, but devoid of human warmth, the Snow Maiden, the voice of nature traditionally becomes the call of the French horn. that in translation from German this word means a forest horn - it is he who performs pastoral themes in Weber's overtures to the operas Oberon and Free Gunner; Let us recall the famous secondary theme of the first movement of Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony. It is important to remember that all means of musical expression are closely related.

Most of them do not exist on their own at all, so a melody is unthinkable outside of rhythm and harmony, without harmony and texture harmony cannot arise, and rhythm, although more independent than all other elements, is one-dimensional and devoid of the primary essence of music - sound. The interconnection of all means of musical expression is found literally at every step. Indeed, from the mere sequence of sounds reproduced at an arbitrary pace and rhythm, it is difficult to recognize even a very familiar melody.

Let's compare a few examples - let it be the theme of Chernomor from Ruslan and Lyudmila Glinka, the leitmotif of Wotan's spear from Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung and the pas de deux theme from the ballet The Nutcracker. Their melodies are practically the same - they all represent the simplest descending scale.

But what makes these themes so different - to the extent that one of them embodies the forces of evil, the other symbolizes the victory of love and goodness, and the third expresses a completely abstract idea? The thing is that the same melodies are placed in completely different meter-rhythmic, harmonic, textural and timbre conditions; marching rhythm, ascetic unison presentation and deaf timbre colors of low strings and brass instruments determine the character of the Wagnerian leitmotif enlightened major coloring, colorfulness and flight of unstable harmony on a strong beat, rhythmic plasticity and warm, full sounding of strings make a simple scale one of the most beautiful lyrical themes of Tchaikovsky .

Kabalevsky D. Education of the mind and heart Moscow, Prosveshchenie, 1981 Now that we have examined the various elements of the musical language, we have seen the complexity and diversity of their connections, it is necessary to remember that all of them are only means of expressing an artistic image.

But after all, in temporary art, the image never remains unchanged, even for its display it takes time.

If there are several images, then both they and the listener's perception are all the more in need of some kind of force that organizes the entire set of means of expression in a temporal stream. This task is performed in music by a form, the complexity of understanding of which is aggravated by the fact that it is comprehensible only at the moment of performance of a musical work.

On the one hand, form is a composition, or the structure of a work, linking all its parts together. According to the harmony and balance of the composition, according to the harmony of the ratio of parts and the whole, the merits of a musical work are often judged, it was not in vain that Glinka said Form means beauty. At the same time, form is one of the highest manifestations of the procedural nature of music. It reflects the change of musical images, reveals their contrast or connection, development or transformation.

Only by embracing the musical form as a whole, we can understand the logic of the development of the artistic image and the course of the composer's creative thought. Speaking about the means and forms of expression in music, it should be remembered that, with a significant degree of conventionality, we can consider their totality as a single artistic language. In reality, each composer speaks his own language, or rather, is guided by the laws of his own musical speech. And this allows music to remain eternally alive, direct and infinitely diverse art, as if absorbing all the currents of life and reflecting and remelting the experience of other spheres of spiritual activity in a sensually comprehended form. It is probably no coincidence that some believe that music is elitist and requires special training and even certain natural data for its perception, while others see it as a force that can influence us apart from consciousness and experience.

Probably both of them are right. And the remarkable musicologist and writer Romain Rolland is certainly right when he said Music is an intimate art, it can also be a public art; it can be the fruit of inner concentration and sorrow, but it can be a product of joy and even frivolity. One calls it moving architecture, the other calls it poetic psychology. sees in it a purely plastic and formal art, the other - the art of direct ethical impact.

For one theorist the essence of music is in melody, for another it is in harmony. Music does not fit into any formula.

This is the song of the ages and the flower of history, which can nurture both human sorrows and joys. Aristarkhova L. About what and how music speaks Art September 1st. 1999 7 1.2.

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