1755 - Fonvizin enters the noble gymnasium at Moscow University.
1758 , December - Fonvizin is transferred to the upper classes of the gymnasium.
1759 , December - brothers Denis and Pavel Fonvizins visit St. Petersburg (until January 1760). First impression of the theatre.
1760 (?)
1761 - edition of the translation of "Instructive Fables" by L. Holberg. Publication in the magazine "Useful Entertainment". Work on the translation of Voltaire's tragedy "Alzira".
1762 , June- Fonvizin brothers are made into students of Moscow University.
October - Fonvizin leaves the university and goes to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs.
Winter (1762/63)- trip to Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Translations for the magazine "Collected Best Works". Release of the first volume of the translation of J. Terrasson's novel "Sif".
1763 - moving to St. Petersburg. Service under the leadership of I. P. Elagin. Translation of the novel by J. J. Barthelemy "The Love of Carita and Polydor". The first original poems by Fonvizin: “Message to my servants: Shumilov, Vanka and Petrushka”, “Message to Yamshchikov”, “To my mind”.
1764 - Fonvizin is made into titular advisers. Staging of the first comedy "Korion".
1768 - completion of the translation and publication of the book "Heroic Virtue, or the Life of Seth".
1769 - promotion to the rank of court counselor and appointment of the secretary of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia N.I. Panin. Translations of "Sydney and Scilly" by D'Arnot and "Joseph" by J. Bitobe. Beginning of cooperation with N. I. Novikov. Completion of work on the Brigadier.
1771 - the creation of the "Word for the recovery of his Imperial Highness the Sovereign Tsarevich and Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich."
1772 , August - the first production of The Brigadier at the court theater in Tsarskoye Selo.
1773 - N. I. Panin rewards Fonvizin with an estate in Belarus.
1774 - marriage to Ekaterina Ivanovna Khlopova.
1777 , August - journey to France (until October 1778). Letters to Sister Feodosia, Peter Panin and Yakov Bulgakov. Translation of "Words of Commendation to Marcus Aurelius" by A. L. Thomas.
1779 - appointment to the position of "adviser's office" at the Secret Expedition. Translation from French of the book "Ta-Gio, or the Great Science, which contains high Chinese philosophy."
1780 - production of the comedy "The Brigadier" in St. Petersburg.
1781 - takes the place of state councilor, member of the Public Expedition for Postal Affairs.
1782 - promoted to councilor of state and retired.
September - premiere of "Undergrowth" in St. Petersburg.
1783 - publications in the journal "Interlocutor of Lovers of the Russian Word". Work on the Dictionary of the Russian Academy.
1784 - journey to Italy. Edition of "The Life of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin" in French.
1785 - continuation of the journey to Italy, the first apoplexy. Visiting Austria, Germany. Translation from the German "Discourse on national piety" by I. G. Zimmerman. Return to Moscow.
1786 - creation of the story "Callisthenes".
June- travel to Austria.
1787 - publication of the fable "The Treasurer's Fox".
August - return to Russia.
1788 - preparation of articles for the magazine "Friend of honest people, or Starodum". Writing the article "Opinion on the election of pieces in the "Moscow Works"".
1789 , June - September - visiting Riga, Baldon, Mitava.
1790 , November December - arrival from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
1791 - the creation of "Reasoning about the vain life of man", dedicated to the death of Prince G. A. Potemkin-Tauride. Unfinished "Frank confession in my deeds and thoughts." Trip to Polotsk.
Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich - Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883). Biography in dates and facts
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (1818-1883). Biography in dates and facts
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev- Russian writer-
Realist
November 9, 1818 -
IN
1827
From 1838 to 1840 listened at the University of Berlin. In Germany, the writer became close with talented young representatives of the Russian intelligentsia: N. V. Stankevich, who later created the Moscow philosophical circle, from which many outstanding figures of Russian culture came out, the future revolutionary M. A. Bakunin, as well as the future famous historian and idol of Moscow students in 1840 -50s T. N. Granovsky. Upon his return to Russia, he entered the service of the Ministry of the Interior, but soon left it, deciding to devote himself to literary creativity.
1834
IN
1840s
1847
IN
1843
1852- the appearance of the collection of short stories "", perceived not only as a literary, but also as a social and cultural event in the life of Russia.
1850s- the heyday of the writer's talent. At the beginning of this decade, the novels "The Diary of a Superfluous Man" (1850), "Calm" (1854), etc., were written, which served as approaches to the first novel "" (1856). The model of love relationships outlined in this work was further developed in the stories "Asya" (1858), "First Love" (1860) and "Spring Waters" (1872), which form a kind of trilogy about love; and the theme of the ideological and spiritual quest of the intelligentsia, developed in Rudin, became the basis of the novels The Nest of Nobles (1859) and On the Eve (1860). The discussion about the last novel was the reason for Turgenev's break with Sovremennik, with which he had long-term close relations.
1862
1867
1877- the publication of the novel "" further deepened the misunderstanding between the writer and the Russian public.
1878
Start
1880s
September 3, 1883
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883). biography in dates and facts
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev- Russian writer-
Realist, who carried out the mission of an intermediary between domestic and Western European cultures. His prose, which raised topical issues of modern life and presented a gallery of various human types, reflects the historical path of Russia in the 40-70s of the 19th century, illuminates the ideological and spiritual searches of the Russian intelligentsia and reveals the deepest features of the national character.
The life of I. Turgenev in dates and facts
November 9, 1818 - Born in Orel, in a noble family. Childhood years were spent in the estate of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, which became the prototype of the noble "family nest", which the writer later repeatedly recreated in his works as a specific phenomenon of Russian culture.
IN
1827 The family moved to Moscow, where the systematic education of the young Turgenev began. Having been trained in private boarding schools, he continued his studies at Moscow and St. Petersburg Universities, and then,
From 1838 to 1840, listened to lectures at the University of Berlin. In Germany, the writer became close with talented young representatives of the Russian intelligentsia: N. V. Stankevich, who later created the Moscow philosophical circle, from which many outstanding figures of Russian culture came out, the future revolutionary M. A. Bakunin, as well as the future famous historian and idol of Moscow students in 1840 -50s T. N. Granovsky. Upon his return to Russia, he entered the service of the Ministry of the Interior, but soon left it, deciding to devote himself to literary creativity.
1834 The first great literary experience of I. Turgenev is dated, the poem "Steno", which was not published during the author's lifetime, but testified to the presence of his literary inclinations.
IN
1840s- appears in the press as the author of poems, poems, dramas and the first stories approved by the public and literary criticism. Among those who enthusiastically accepted the writer was V. G. Belinsky, who had a significant influence on the development of I. Turgenev's talent.
1847- in the journal Sovremennik, Turgenev's story "Khor and Kalinich" was published, to which the editors prefaced the subtitle "From the notes of a hunter." This story was a resounding success.
IN
1843 Turgenev met the singer Polina Viardot, who became the love of his life.
1852- the appearance of the collection of short stories "Notes of a Hunter", perceived not only as a literary, but also as a social and cultural event in the life of Russia.
1850s- the heyday of the writer's talent. At the beginning of this decade, the novels The Diary of a Superfluous Man (1850), The Calm (1854) and others were written, which served as approaches to the first novel, Rudin (1856). The model of love relationships outlined in this work was further developed in the stories Asya (1858), First Love (1860) and Spring Waters (1872), which form a kind of trilogy about love; and the theme of the ideological and spiritual quest of the intelligentsia, developed in Rudin, became the basis of the novels The Nest of Nobles (1859) and On the Eve (1860). The discussion about the last novel was the reason for Turgenev's break with Sovremennik, with which he had long-term close relations.
1862- the novel "Fathers and Sons" was published, which caused fierce disputes between representatives of different socio-political camps and movements. Insulted by the tactless controversy, Turgenev went abroad, where he spent the last 20 years of his life. In France, where the writer mainly lived, he was accepted into a select literary community, to which V. Hugo, P. Mérimée, George Sand, E. Goncourt, E. Zola, G. de Maupassant, G. Flaubert belonged.
1867- the novel "Smoke" was written, which differed sharply in mood from previously created ones and reflected the extremely Westernist views of the writer. In Russia, this work was received with irritation.
1877- the publication of the novel "Nov" further deepened the misunderstanding between the writer and the Russian public.
1878- Together with V. Hugo, I. Turgenev chaired the International Literary Congress in Paris.
Start
1880s was marked by the appearance of the so-called "mysterious" stories - "P
The Song of Triumphant Love" (1881) and "Klara Milic" (1882), as well as the collection "Poems in Prose" (1877-1882), which became the writer's swan song.
September 3, 1883- Due to a serious illness, Turgenev died in Bougival in the south of France. The writer was buried at the Volkovo cemetery in St. Petersburg.
The life and work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, the great writer of the 19th century, is distinguished by its originality and uniqueness. Especially for those who are interested in the fate of this classic of literature, a chronological table of Dostoevsky was compiled, with the help of which one can easily and briefly get acquainted with the events that took place in his life. This material is suitable for both students and ordinary connoisseurs of literature. Using this source, you will study the full biography of Dostoevsky by date. Here you will discover little-known facts that will be the highlight of your report or essay. But the main events and works of F. M. Dostoevsky in the chronological table, of course, are assigned the main role.
1834-1837 - The study of the brothers Fyodor and Mikhail Dostoevsky in the boarding school of L. I. Chermak.
1837, winter- Death of Dostoevsky's mother.
1839, early summer- Death of Dostoevsky's father.
1844, June-July- In the 6th and 7th books of "Repertoire and Pantheon" the story of O. de Balzac "Eugene Grande" translated by Dostoevsky is printed.
1845, end- The story "Double" is written.
1847, spring- Dostoevsky becomes a permanent member of the Petrashevsky circle.
1848 - The novel "White Nights" was written.
1849 - The novel "Netochka Nezvanova" was written.
1854, autumn- Acquaintance of Dostoevsky with the regional prosecutor A.E. Wrangel.
1859, second half of December- The return of Dostoevsky from exile to St. Petersburg.
1859 – Completed "Uncle's dream" and "The village of Stepanchikovo and its inhabitants."
1860 – The novel "Notes from the House of the Dead" was written;
in Moscow, the first collected works of Dostoevsky in 2 volumes, published by P.A.Osnovskiy, are published.
acquaintance with A.P. Suslova.
1862 summer- Dostoevsky's trip to Europe.
1863 – The series "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" was released.
1864 - Written "Notes from the Underground".
1867-1868 - Dostoevsky and his wife spend abroad.
1867 - Dostoevsky's three-month-old daughter Sophia dies in Geneva;
The novel "Crime and Punishment" was written.
1868 - The novel "The Idiot" was published in the magazine "Russian Messenger".
1870 - The story "The Eternal Husband" is written.
1872 – The writing of the novel "Demons" is completed.
1873-1874 - Dostoevsky is the editor of the weekly "Grazhdanin", from which the general reader becomes aware of the "Diary of a Writer".
1875 August 12- The Dostoevskys have a son, Alexei, who dies three years later from epilepsy.
1877 December 2- Dostoevsky is elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Department of the Russian Language and Literature.
1880 – Finished writing the novel "The Brothers Karamazov".
1881, February 1 (February 9)- The burial of the writer at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
February's most popular materials for your class.
Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky- Russian prose writer, thinker and publicist, who in his work raised the most important problems of spiritual life and expanded the boundaries of a realistic depiction of a person. Dostoevsky's attention was focused on the theme of the struggle between "God and the Devil" in the human soul, for the artistic recreation of which he developed new methods of psychological analysis. The writer himself called his creative style "fantastic realism."
The life of F. Dostoevsky in dates and facts
1837- entered the St. Petersburg Engineering School. In the same year, the writer's mother died, and two years later, under mysterious circumstances, his father passed away. After their death, Dostoevsky renounced the right to inherit land and serfs.
1843- completed a full course of study in the highest officer class and was enrolled in the engineering corps at the St. Petersburg engineering team, but the very next year he left military service and devoted himself to literary creativity.
1845- debuted as a novel "Poor people" which has been praised in literary circles.
1846- met M. Petrashevsky, a follower of the teachings of the French utopian philosopher C. Fourier, and became a member of a secret political circle, whose members set themselves the goal of carrying out a "coup in Russia" and were engaged in the distribution of illegal propaganda literature.
April 23, 1849- for participation in the activities of this circle, Dostoevsky was arrested and sentenced to death as "one of the most important" conspirators.
December 22, 1849- in St. Petersburg, a staged procedure was held to replace the execution of the "rebels" with a less severe sentence: a minute before the execution, the writer and his comrades were announced that they were sentenced to four years of hard labor with further military service. The period of punishment, which lasted ten years, enriched Dostoevsky with invaluable spiritual and life experience, which later nourished all his work. The immediate impressions of being in hard labor were reflected in his famous "Notes from the House of the Dead"(1862).
1857- the wedding of F. Dostoevsky and M. Isaeva took place. This marriage turned out to be unhappy and ended with the death of Isaeva in 1864.
1859- thanks to the efforts of friends, the writer got the opportunity to return to St. Petersburg and again engage in literary activities.
First half of the 1860s — together with his brother Mikhail, he published the magazines Vremya (1861-1863) and Epoch (1864-1865). Journalistic work not only gave impetus to the development of the journalistic talent of the writer, but also inspired him to create novels "with a sequel" that could be published in parts in periodicals. The first such work was the novel "Humiliated and Insulted"(1861).
1864- a "paradox story" appeared "Notes from the Underground", in which for the first time the type of “underground man” that was significant for Dostoevsky’s work appeared. In the same year, the writer's elder brother died, whose debts he took upon himself. material from the site
1866- Dostoevsky married his secretary-stenographer A. Snitkina, who became a faithful companion until the end of his life. Dated the same year "Crime and Punishment"- the first in the top five of his top novels, which also includes novels "Idiot"(1868), "Demons" (1872), "Teenager"(1875) and "The Brothers Karamazov"(1879-1880).
During 1876 -1878.- Published monthly "A Writer's Diary", in which he acted as a philosopher, moralist and preacher.
1880- At a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, he read Pushkin's speech, which became a bright event in the cultural life of the country.
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On this page, material on the topics:
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1818 , October 28 (November 9) - was born in Orel in a noble family. He spent his childhood in the family estate of his mother, Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, Oryol province.
1822–1823 - a trip abroad for the whole Turgenev family along the route: with. Spasskoye, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Narva, Riga, Memel, Koenigsberg, Berlin, Dresden, Karlsbad, Augsburg, Konstanz, ... Kiev, Orel, Mtsensk. The Turgenevs lived in Paris for six months.
1827 - The Turgenevs move to Moscow, where they acquire a house on Samoteka. Ivan Turgenev is placed in the Weidenhammer boarding house, where he stayed for about two years.
1829
, August - Ivan and Nikolai Turgenev are placed in the boarding house of the Armenian Institute.
november- Ivan Turgenev leaves the boarding school and continues his training with home teachers - Pogorelov, Dubensky, Klyushnikov.
1833–1837 - studies at the Moscow (language faculty) and St. Petersburg (philological department of the philosophical faculty) universities.
1834 , December - finishes work on the poem "Steno".
1836
, April 19 (May 1) - attends the first performance of The Inspector General in St. Petersburg.
The end of the year- submits the poem "The Wall" for consideration by P. A. Pletnev. After a condescending response, he gives him a few more poems.
1837 - A. V. Nikitenko sends his literary works: "Wall", "The Old Man's Tale", "Our Century". He reports that he has three completed short poems: “Calm at Sea”, “Phantasmagoria on a Midsummer Night”, “Dream” and about a hundred small poems.
1838
, beginning of April - the book is published. I of Sovremennik, in it: the poem "Evening" (signature: "---v").
May 15 (27)- went abroad on the steamer "Nikolai". E. Tyutcheva, the first wife of the poet F.I. Tyutchev, P. A. Vyazemsky and D. Rosen left on the same ship.
Early October- the book comes out. 4 of Sovremennik, in it: the poem "To the Venus of Medicine" (signed "---v").
1838–1841 - studies at the University of Berlin.
1883 , August 22 (September 3) - died in Bougival near Paris, was buried at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.
