Jules' biography is correct. Brief biography of Jules Verne for children the most important thing

Jules Verne is a world-renowned classic, writer and geographer.

Jules Verne, who is the recognized founder of science fiction, was born on February 8, 1828 in the family of a lawyer in the city of Nantes.

At the age of 20 he went to Paris to study at the College of Law. A year later, he presented his first literary work to the discerning Parisian public.

The play was staged on the stage of a theater owned by Alexandre Dumas père. On his advice, he gave the play to the press, but soon realized that dramaturgy would not bring him fame and livelihood.

Since childhood, he was attracted by distant countries, and he always dreamed of travel and adventure. While moonlighting in a popular magazine, he wrote a column for which he wrote historical and popular science notes.

In 1862, in just a few months, he wrote his first fantasy work, Five Weeks in a Balloon, which was published in the same year by the famous Parisian publisher Etzel. From that moment, Jules Verne began close cooperation with the Etzel publishing house, which lasted 25 years.

The novel made a splash and was soon translated into all European languages. A very dense activity of Jules Verne begins, because under an agreement with a publishing house, he had to hand over two novels a year or write one two-volume book.

Since 1857, Jules Verne has been married to a beautiful widow with two children. For the sake of marriage to Honorine Morel, Verne had to become a stockbroker and borrow 50,000 francs from his father in order to become a shareholder of the company and be able to support his family. A stable financial income allowed him to engage in literary activities and travel.

Jules Verne liked it very much. On a yacht, he went around the Mediterranean Sea, visited Italy, England, Scotland and the Scandinavian countries. Visited North America, saw the frozen Niagara Falls.

It can be assumed that the reason for writing Vern's first adventure novel was an acquaintance with an unusual person for his time. Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, who called himself simply Nadar, was a famous aeronaut, photographer, artist and writer. Nadar's passionate, addictive and even somewhat adventurous nature was in tune with Vern, who was thirsty for travel and adventure. He had long been interested in aeronautics and wrote his first novel very quickly.

The first work of Jules Verne appeared in a timely manner. The audience was very enthusiastic and interested in covering the adventures of travelers who tried to find the origins of the Nile in the jungles of Africa. Therefore, by the way, there were works in which the writer, with great knowledge of the matter and even with diagrams, drawings and maps, described adventures in different parts of the world, under water and on the moon.

Most of the works contain predictions of discoveries and inventions that were subsequently brought to life. Jules Verne considered this a mere coincidence, but before writing a new work, he always carefully examined all available sources, drew conclusions and relied on many facts. Therefore, a seemingly fantastically unthinkable situation or technical device has always had a scientific justification.

But intrigued readers did not have to know the whole background of the appearance of more and more new works of the science fiction writer. They sold like hot cakes. Published by Etzel in 1872, the novel Around the World in 80 Days became the best-selling novel, for which the writer received the largest fee.

Jules Verne died at the very beginning of the 20th century in 1905, leaving behind about a hundred wonderful works that are of interest not only to young people, but also to mature ones.

Jules Verne (1828-1905), French science fiction writer.

Born February 8, 1828 in Nantes. The son of a lawyer and a lawyer himself. He began to print in 1849. At first he acted as a playwright, but his plays did not enjoy success.

Glory to Verne brought the first novel "Five Weeks in a Balloon", which was published at the end of 1862 (although dated 1863).

Verne turned out to be an unusually prolific writer - he created 65 novels of science fiction and adventure-geographical nature. Sometimes he wrote satirical works, ridiculing contemporary French bourgeois society, but they succeeded much less and did not bring fame to the author. He was truly famous for Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864), Captain Grant's Children (1867-1868), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1869-1870), Around the World for 80 days" (1872), "The Mysterious Island" (1875), "The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain" (1878). These novels have been translated into many languages ​​and read with interest all over the world.

It is curious that the author of travel books himself did not make a single long journey and wrote based not on experience, but on knowledge and (mostly) on his own imagination. Jules Verne often made rather blunders. For example, in his novels one can find a statement about the existence of museums where octopus skeletons are exhibited; meanwhile, the octopus is an invertebrate animal. However, the entertaining stories of Jules Verne atoned for such flaws in the eyes of readers.

The writer adhered to democratic convictions, corresponded with utopian socialists, and in 1871 supported the Paris Commune.

Promoting science, he warned more than once about the danger of using its achievements for military purposes. It was Verne who became the first creator of the image of a mad scientist dreaming of world domination (“500 million Begums”, 1879; “Lord of the World”, 1904). Later, fiction has resorted to characters of this kind more than once. In addition to fiction, Verne wrote popular books on geography and the history of geographical research.

The writer has always been very popular in Russia - since his first novel was translated into Russian in 1864 (in Russian translation "Air travel through Africa").

A crater on the far side of the moon is named after Jules Verne. He died on March 24, 1905 in Amiens.

Somehow you helped me. So I would have to read a long time (that not a long time) biography ...

During his life, Vern changed three yachts, referred to as "Saint-Michel" - I, II and III. The first "Saint-Michel" was an ordinary fishing launch, the third - an ocean-going yacht with a steam engine.

The writer's son was engaged in cinematography and filmed several works of his father:

• « twenty thousand leagues under the sea"(1916);
• « The fate of Jean Morin"(1916);
• « Black India"(1917);
• « southern star"(1918);
• « Five hundred million begums» (1919).

Grandson - Jean Jules Verne(1892-1980), author of a monograph on the life and work of his grandfather, on which he worked for about 40 years (published in France in 1973, Russian translation was carried out in 1978 by the Progress publishing house). Great-grandson - Jean Verne(b. 1962), famous operatic tenor. It was he who found the manuscript of the novel " Paris in the 20th century”, which for many years was considered a family myth.

Study and creativity

The son of a lawyer, Verne studied law in Paris, but his love of literature prompted him to follow a different path. In 1850, Verne's play "Broken Straws" was successfully staged at the "Historical Theater" by A. Dumas. In 1852-1854, Verne worked as a secretary to the director of the Lyric Theater, then he was a stockbroker, while continuing to write comedies, librettos, stories.

Cycle "Extraordinary Journeys"

• “Five weeks in a balloon” (Russian translation - ed. M. A. Golovachev, 1864, 306 pp.; titled “ Air travel through Africa. Compiled from the notes of Dr. Fergusson by Julius Verne»).

The success of the novel inspired the writer. He decided to continue to work in this "vein", accompanying the romantic adventures of his heroes with increasingly skillful descriptions of the incredible, but nevertheless carefully considered scientific "miracles" born of his imagination. The cycle was continued by novels:

• "Journey to the Center of the Earth" (),
• "Journey and Adventures of Captain Hatteras" (),
• "From the Earth to the Moon" (),
• "The Children of Captain Grant " (),
• "Around the Moon" (),
• "Twenty thousand leagues under water" (),
• "Around the world in 80 Days " (),
• "Mysterious Island " (),
• " Michael Strogoff" (),
• "Captain at fifteen " (),
• "Robur the Conqueror" ()

and many others .

Jules Verne's creative legacy includes:

• 66 novels (including unfinished and published only at the end of the 20th century);
• more than 20 novels and short stories;
• over 30 plays;
• several documentary and scientific works.

The work of Jules Verne is imbued with the romance of science, faith in the good of progress, admiration for the power of human thought. He sympathetically describes the struggle of peoples for national liberation.

In the novels of the writer, readers found not only an enthusiastic description of technology, travel, but also vivid and vivid images of noble heroes (Captain Hatteras, Captain Grant, captain Nemo), pretty eccentric scientists (Professor Lidenbrock, Dr. Clowbonny, Cousin Benedict, geographer Jacques Paganel, astronomer Palmyrene Roset).

Late creativity

In his later writings, a fear of the use of science for criminal purposes appeared:

• "Flag of the motherland" (),
• "Lord of the world" (),
• "The Extraordinary Adventures of the Barsac Expedition" (; the novel was completed by the writer's son Michel Verne).

Belief in constant progress has been replaced by an anxious expectation of the unknown. However, these books never enjoyed the huge success of his previous writings.

After the death of the writer, a large number of unpublished manuscripts remained, which continue to be published to this day. Thus, the novel Paris in the 20th century in 1863 was published only in 1994.

travel writer

Jules Verne was not an "armchair" writer, he traveled the world a lot, including on his yachts "Saint-Michel I", "Saint-Michel II" and "Saint-Michel III". In 1859 he traveled to England and Scotland. In 1861 he traveled to Scandinavia.

In 1867, Verne made a transatlantic cruise on the steamer "Great Eastern" to the United States, visited New York, Niagara Falls.

In 1878, Jules Verne made a great voyage in the yacht "Saint-Michel III" in the Mediterranean, visiting Lisbon, Tangier, Gibraltar and Algiers. In 1879, Jules Verne again visited England and Scotland on the Saint-Michel III yacht. In 1881, Jules Verne traveled to the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark on his yacht. At the same time, he planned to reach St. Petersburg, but this was prevented by a strong storm.

Jules Verne made his last great journey in 1884. On the "Saint-Michel III" he traveled to Algeria, Malta, Italy and other Mediterranean countries. Many of his trips subsequently formed the basis of "Extraordinary Journeys" - "Floating City" (), "Black India" (), "Green Beam" (), "Lottery ticket No. 9672" () and others.

Last 20 years of life

On March 9, 1886, Jules Verne was seriously wounded in the ankle by a revolver shot by his mentally ill nephew Gaston Verne (Paul's son). I had to forget about travel forever.

Shortly before his death, Vern went blind, but still continued to dictate books.

• "Mysterious Island" (1902, 1921, 1929, 1941, 1951, 1961, 1963, 1973, 1975, 2001, 2005, 2012, etc.).
• The misadventures of a Chinese in China ()
• The Mysterious Island of Captain Nemo (1973), under this name it was in the Soviet box office
• "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" (1905, 1907, 1916, 1927, 1954, 1975, 1997, 1997 (II), 2007 and others).
• "Children of Captain Grant" (1901, 1913, 1962, 1996; 1936 CCCP, 1985 and others),
• "From the Earth to the Moon" (1902, 1903, 1906, 1958, 1970, 1986),
• "Journey to the Center of the Earth" (1907, 1909, 1959, 1977, 1988, 1999, 2007, 2008, etc.),
• Around the World in 80 Days (1913, 1919, 1921, 1956 Best Picture Oscar, 1957, 1975, 1989, 2000, 2004),
• "Fifteen-year-old captain" (1971; 1945, 1986 USSR),
• Michael Strogoff (1908, 1910, 1914, 1926, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1944, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1970, 1975, 1997, 1999).

• Wolfgang Holbein wrote a continuation of the stories about the Nautilus, creating a series of books "Children of Captain Nemo" ().
• In the 60s of the 19th century, the publication of Jules Verne's novel Journey to the Center of the Earth was banned in the Russian Empire, in which spiritual censors found anti-religious ideas, as well as the danger of destroying trust in scripture and the clergy.
• The 16th release of the Fedora operating system, codenamed Verne, is named after the writer.
• At the age of eleven, Jules almost fled to India, hiring as a cabin boy on the schooner Corali, but was stopped in time. Already a well-known writer, he admitted: "I must have been born a sailor and now every day I regret that a maritime career did not fall to my lot from childhood."
• The prototype of Michel Ardant from the novel "From the Earth to the Moon" was a friend of Jules Verne - writer, artist and photographer Felix Tournachon, better known under the pseudonym Nadar.
• Jules Verne could be at his desk literally from dawn to dusk - from five in the morning to eight in the evening. During the day he managed to write one and a half printed sheets, which equals twenty-four book pages.
• The writer was inspired to write Around the World in Eighty Days by a magazine article proving that if a traveler has good means of transport, he can travel around the globe in eighty days. Verne also calculated that one could even win one day by using the geographical paradox described by Edgar Allan Poe in the novel Three Sundays in One Week.
• American newspaper magnate Gordon Bennett asked Vern to write a story specifically for American readers - with a prediction of America's future. The request was granted, but the story, entitled “In the XXIX century. One Day of an American Journalist in 2889, was never released in America.
• In 1863, Jules Verne wrote the book Paris in the 20th Century, in which he described in detail the automobile, the fax machine, and the electric chair. The publisher returned the manuscript to him, calling him an idiot.
• Jules Verne was the fifth after H. K. Andersen, D. London, the Brothers Grimm and C. Perrault in terms of publishing in the USSR by a foreign writer for 1918-1986: the total circulation of 514 publications amounted to 50,943 thousand copies.

see also

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Notes

2. Newspaper "Book Review", No. 3, 2012
3. Vengerova Z. A.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
4. Schmadel, Lutz D. . - Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition. - B. , Heidelberg, N. Y. : Springer, 2003. - P. 449. - ISBN 3-540-00238-3 .
5. - search the document for Circular No. 24765 (M.P.C. 24765)
6. EuroCoins.News.. Retrieved July 17, 2012. .
7. EuroCoins.News.. Retrieved July 17, 2012. .
9. Dmitry Zlotnitsky// World of fantasy. - 2011. - No. 11. - pp. 106-110.
10. Leonid Kaganov. ""
11. Heinrich Altov"The fate of the predictions of Jules Verne" // World of Adventures. - 1963.
12. Vl. Gakov// If . - 2007. - No. 9.
17. Grekulov E. F. Chapter VIII. Persecution of education and science / . - USSR Academy of Sciences. Popular science series. - M.: Nauka, 1964.
18. Publishing house of the USSR. Figures and facts. 1917-1987 / E. L. Nemirovsky, M. L. Platova. - M .: Book, 1987. - S. 311. - 320 p. - 3000 copies.

Links

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• on YouTube
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• in the library of Maxim Moshkov.
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• (German).
• .

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Excerpt characterizing Verne, Jules

“And in order not to ruin the land that we left to the enemy,” Prince Andrei said angrily and mockingly. – It is very thorough; it is impossible to allow to plunder the region and accustom the troops to looting. Well, in Smolensk, he also correctly judged that the French could get around us and that they had more forces. But he could not understand this, - Prince Andrei suddenly cried out in a thin voice, as if escaping, - but he could not understand that for the first time we fought there for the Russian land, that there was such a spirit in the troops that I had never seen, that we fought off the French for two days in a row, and that this success multiplied our strength tenfold. He ordered a retreat, and all the efforts and losses were in vain. He did not think about betrayal, he tried to do everything as best as possible, he thought everything over; but that doesn't make him any good. He is no good now precisely because he thinks everything over very thoroughly and carefully, as every German should. How can I tell you ... Well, your father has a German footman, and he is an excellent footman and will satisfy all his needs better than you, and let him serve; but if your father is ill at death, you will drive away the footman and with your unaccustomed, clumsy hands you will begin to follow your father and calm him better than a skilled, but a stranger. That's what they did with Barclay. While Russia was healthy, a stranger could serve her, and there was a wonderful minister, but as soon as she was in danger; you need your own person. And in your club they invented that he was a traitor! By being slandered as a traitor, they will only do what later, ashamed of their false criticism, they will suddenly make a hero or a genius out of traitors, which will be even more unfair. He is an honest and very accurate German...
“However, they say he is a skilled commander,” said Pierre.
“I don’t understand what a skilled commander means,” Prince Andrei said with a sneer.
“A skillful commander,” said Pierre, “well, one who foresaw all accidents ... well, guessed the thoughts of the enemy.
“Yes, it’s impossible,” said Prince Andrei, as if about a long-decided matter.
Pierre looked at him in surprise.
“However,” he said, “they say war is like a game of chess.
“Yes,” said Prince Andrei, “with the only slight difference that in chess you can think as much as you like about each step, that you are there outside the conditions of time, and with the difference that a knight is always stronger than a pawn and two pawns are always stronger.” one, and in war one battalion is sometimes stronger than a division, and sometimes weaker than a company. The relative strength of the troops cannot be known to anyone. Believe me,” he said, “that if anything depended on the orders of the headquarters, then I would be there and make orders, but instead I have the honor to serve here in the regiment with these gentlemen, and I think that it’s really from us tomorrow will depend, and not on them ... Success has never depended and will not depend either on position, or on weapons, or even on numbers; and least of all from the position.
- And from what?
“From the feeling that is in me, in him,” he pointed to Timokhin, “in every soldier.
Prince Andrei glanced at Timokhin, who looked at his commander in fright and bewilderment. In contrast to his former restrained silence, Prince Andrei now seemed agitated. He apparently could not refrain from expressing those thoughts that suddenly came to him.
The battle will be won by the one who is determined to win it. Why did we lose the battle near Austerlitz? Our loss was almost equal to that of the French, but we told ourselves very early that we had lost the battle—and we did. And we said this because we had no reason to fight there: we wanted to leave the battlefield as soon as possible. “We lost - well, run like that!” - we ran. If we had not said this before evening, God knows what would have happened. We won't say that tomorrow. You say: our position, the left flank is weak, the right flank is extended,” he continued, “all this is nonsense, there is nothing of it. And what do we have tomorrow? One hundred million of the most varied accidents that will be solved instantly by the fact that they or ours ran or run, that they kill one, kill another; and what is being done now is all fun. The fact is that those with whom you traveled around the position not only do not contribute to the general course of affairs, but interfere with it. They are only concerned with their little interests.
- At a moment like this? Pierre said reproachfully.
“At such a moment,” Prince Andrei repeated, “for them, this is only such a moment in which you can dig under the enemy and get an extra cross or ribbon. For me, this is what tomorrow is: a hundred thousand Russian and a hundred thousand French troops have come together to fight, and the fact is that these two hundred thousand are fighting, and whoever fights harder and feels less sorry for himself will win. And if you want, I'll tell you that no matter what happens, no matter what is confused up there, we will win the battle tomorrow. Tomorrow, whatever it is, we will win the battle!
“Here, Your Excellency, the truth, the true truth,” said Timokhin. - Why feel sorry for yourself now! The soldiers in my battalion, believe me, did not begin to drink vodka: not such a day, they say. - Everyone was silent.
The officers got up. Prince Andrei went out with them outside the shed, giving his last orders to the adjutant. When the officers left, Pierre went up to Prince Andrei and just wanted to start a conversation, when the hooves of three horses clattered along the road not far from the barn, and, looking in this direction, Prince Andrei recognized Wolzogen and Clausewitz, accompanied by a Cossack. They drove close, continuing to talk, and Pierre and Andrei involuntarily heard the following phrases:
– Der Krieg muss im Raum verlegt werden. Der Ansicht kann ich nicht genug Preis geben, [The war must be transferred into space. This view I cannot praise enough (German)] - said one.
“O ja,” said another voice, “da der Zweck ist nur den Feind zu schwachen, so kann man gewiss nicht den Verlust der Privatpersonen in Achtung nehmen.” [Oh yes, since the goal is to weaken the enemy, then private casualties cannot be taken into account (German)]
- O ja, [Oh yes (German)] - confirmed the first voice.
- Yes, im Raum verlegen, [transfer to space (German)] - Prince Andrei repeated, angrily snorting his nose, when they drove by. - Im Raum then [In space (German)] I left a father, and a son, and a sister in the Bald Mountains. He doesn't care. This is what I told you - these gentlemen Germans will not win the battle tomorrow, but will only tell how much their strength will be, because in his German head there are only arguments that are not worth a damn, and in his heart there is nothing that alone and you need it for tomorrow - what is in Timokhin. They gave all of Europe to him and came to teach us - glorious teachers! his voice screamed again.
"So you think tomorrow's battle will be won?" Pierre said.
“Yes, yes,” Prince Andrei said absently. “One thing I would do if I had the power,” he began again, “I would not take prisoners. What are prisoners? This is chivalry. The French have ruined my house and are going to ruin Moscow, and have insulted and insult me ​​every second. They are my enemies, they are all criminals, according to my concepts. And Timokhin and the whole army think the same way. They must be executed. If they are my enemies, they cannot be friends, no matter how they talk in Tilsit.
“Yes, yes,” Pierre said, looking at Prince Andrei with shining eyes, “I completely, completely agree with you!”
The question that had been troubling Pierre from Mozhaisk Mountain all that day now seemed to him completely clear and completely resolved. He now understood the whole meaning and significance of this war and the forthcoming battle. Everything that he saw that day, all the significant, stern expressions of faces that he caught a glimpse of, lit up for him with a new light. He understood that latent (latente), as they say in physics, warmth of patriotism, which was in all those people whom he saw, and which explained to him why all these people calmly and, as it were, thoughtlessly prepared for death.
“Do not take prisoners,” continued Prince Andrei. “That alone would change the whole war and make it less brutal. And then we played war - that's what's bad, we are magnanimous and the like. This generosity and sensitivity is like the generosity and sensitivity of a lady, with whom she becomes dizzy when she sees a calf being killed; she is so kind that she cannot see the blood, but she eats this calf with sauce with gusto. They talk to us about the rights of war, about chivalry, about parliamentary work, to spare the unfortunate, and so on. All nonsense. In 1805 I saw chivalry, parliamentarianism: they cheated us, we cheated. They rob other people's houses, let out fake banknotes, and worst of all, they kill my children, my father and talk about the rules of war and generosity towards enemies. Do not take prisoners, but kill and go to your death! Who has come to this the way I did, by the same suffering...
Prince Andrey, who thought that it was all the same to him whether Moscow was taken or not taken in the same way as Smolensk was taken, suddenly stopped in his speech from an unexpected convulsion that seized him by the throat. He walked several times in silence, but his body shone feverishly, and his lip trembled when he began to speak again:
- If there was no generosity in the war, then we would go only when it is worth it to go to certain death, as now. Then there would be no war because Pavel Ivanovich offended Mikhail Ivanovich. And if the war is like now, then the war. And then the intensity of the troops would not be the same as now. Then all these Westphalians and Hessians led by Napoleon would not have followed him to Russia, and we would not have gone to fight in Austria and Prussia, without knowing why. War is not a courtesy, but the most disgusting thing in life, and one must understand this and not play war. This terrible necessity must be taken strictly and seriously. It's all about this: put aside lies, and war is war, not a toy. Otherwise, war is the favorite pastime of idle and frivolous people ... The military estate is the most honorable. And what is war, what is needed for success in military affairs, what are the morals of a military society? The purpose of the war is murder, the weapons of war are espionage, treason and encouragement, the ruin of the inhabitants, robbing them or stealing for the food of the army; deceit and lies, called stratagems; morals of the military class - lack of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, drunkenness. And despite that - this is the highest class, revered by all. All the kings, except for the Chinese, wear a military uniform, and the one who killed the most people is given a big reward ... They will converge, like tomorrow, to kill each other, they will kill, maim tens of thousands of people, and then they will serve thanksgiving prayers for having beaten there are many people (of which the number is still being added), and they proclaim victory, believing that the more people are beaten, the greater the merit. How God watches and listens to them from there! - Prince Andrei shouted in a thin, squeaky voice. “Ah, my soul, lately it has become hard for me to live. I see that I began to understand too much. And it’s not good for a person to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil ... Well, not for long! he added. “However, you are sleeping, and I have a pen, go to Gorki,” Prince Andrei suddenly said.
- Oh no! - Pierre answered, looking at Prince Andrei with frightened sympathetic eyes.
- Go, go: before the battle you need to get enough sleep, - Prince Andrei repeated. He quickly approached Pierre, hugged him and kissed him. "Goodbye, go," he shouted. - See you, no ... - and he hastily turned around and went into the barn.
It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out the expression that was on the face of Prince Andrei, whether it was malicious or gentle.
Pierre stood for some time in silence, considering whether to follow him or go home. "No, he doesn't need to! Pierre decided by himself, “and I know that this is our last meeting.” He sighed heavily and drove back to Gorki.
Prince Andrei, returning to the barn, lay down on the carpet, but could not sleep.
He closed his eyes. Some images were replaced by others. At one he stopped for a long, joyful moment. He vividly recalled one evening in Petersburg. Natasha, with a lively, agitated face, told him how, last summer, while going for mushrooms, she got lost in a large forest. She incoherently described to him both the wilderness of the forest, and her feelings, and conversations with the beekeeper whom she met, and, interrupting every minute in her story, said: “No, I can’t, I don’t tell it like that; no, you don’t understand, ”despite the fact that Prince Andrei reassured her, saying that he understood, and really understood everything she wanted to say. Natasha was dissatisfied with her words - she felt that the passionately poetic feeling that she experienced that day and which she wanted to turn out did not come out. “This old man was such a charm, and it’s so dark in the forest ... and he has such kind people ... no, I don’t know how to tell,” she said, blushing and agitated. Prince Andrei smiled now with the same joyful smile that he smiled then, looking into her eyes. “I understood her,” thought Prince Andrei. “I not only understood, but this spiritual strength, this sincerity, this openness of the soul, this soul that seemed to be bound by the body, this soul I loved in her ... so much, so happily loved ...” And suddenly he remembered about how his love ended. “He didn’t need any of that. He didn't see it or understand it. He saw in her a pretty and fresh girl, with whom he did not deign to associate his fate. And I? And he is still alive and cheerful."
Prince Andrei, as if someone had burned him, jumped up and again began to walk in front of the barn.

On the 25th of August, on the eve of the battle of Borodino, the prefect of the palace of the emperor of the French, m r de Beausset, and colonel Fabvier arrived, the first from Paris, the second from Madrid, to the emperor Napoleon in his camp near Valuev.
Having changed into a court uniform, m r de Beausset ordered the parcel brought by him to the emperor to be carried in front of him and entered the first compartment of Napoleon's tent, where, talking with Napoleon's adjutants surrounding him, he began to uncork the box.
Fabvier, without entering the tent, stopped talking with familiar generals at the entrance to it.
Emperor Napoleon had not yet left his bedroom and was finishing his toilette. He, snorting and groaning, turned now with his thick back, then with his fat chest overgrown with a brush, with which the valet rubbed his body. Another valet, holding the bottle with his finger, sprinkled cologne on the well-groomed body of the emperor with an expression that said that he alone could know how much and where to sprinkle cologne. Napoleon's short hair was wet and tangled over his forehead. But his face, although swollen and yellow, expressed physical pleasure: "Allez ferme, allez toujours ..." [Well, even stronger ...] - he kept saying, shrugging and groaning, rubbing the valet. The adjutant, who entered the bedroom in order to report to the emperor on how many prisoners had been taken in yesterday's case, handing over what was needed, stood at the door, waiting for permission to leave. Napoleon, grimacing, looked frowningly at the adjutant.
“Point de prisonniers,” he repeated the words of the adjutant. – Il se font demolir. Tant pis pour l "armee russe," he said. "Allez toujours, allez ferme, [There are no prisoners. They force them to be exterminated. So much the worse for the Russian army. shoulders.
- C "est bien! Faites entrer monsieur de Beausset, ainsi que Fabvier, [Good! Let de Bosse come in, and Fabvier too.] - he said to the adjutant, nodding his head.
- Oui, Sire, [I am listening, sir.] - and the adjutant disappeared through the door of the tent. Two valets quickly dressed His Majesty, and he, in the blue uniform of the Guards, with firm, quick steps, went out into the waiting room.
Bosse at that time was hurrying with his hands, setting the gift he had brought from the empress on two chairs, right in front of the emperor's entrance. But the emperor dressed and went out so unexpectedly quickly that he did not have time to fully prepare the surprise.
Napoleon immediately noticed what they were doing and guessed that they were not yet ready. He didn't want to deprive them of the pleasure of surprise him. He pretended not to see Monsieur Bosset, and called Fabvier to him. Napoleon listened, with a stern frown and in silence, to what Fabvier told him about the courage and devotion of his troops, who fought at Salamanca on the other side of Europe and had only one thought - to be worthy of their emperor, and one fear - not to please him. The result of the battle was sad. Napoleon made ironic remarks during Fabvier's story, as if he did not imagine that things could go differently in his absence.
“I have to fix it in Moscow,” Napoleon said. - A tantot, [Goodbye.] - he added and called de Bosset, who at that time had already managed to prepare a surprise, placing something on the chairs, and covering something with a blanket.
De Bosset bowed low with that courtly French bow that only the old servants of the Bourbons knew how to bow, and approached, handing the envelope.
Napoleon turned to him cheerfully and tugged him by the ear.
- You hurried, very glad. Well, what does Paris say? he said, suddenly changing his previously stern expression to the most affectionate.
- Sire, tout Paris regrette votre absence, [Sir, all Paris regrets your absence.] - as it should, answered de Bosset. But although Napoleon knew that Bosset should say this or the like, although he knew in his clear moments that it was not true, he was pleased to hear this from de Bosset. He again honored him with a touch on the ear.
“Je suis fache, de vous avoir fait faire tant de chemin, [I am very sorry that I made you drive so far.],” he said.
– Sir! Je ne m "attendais pas a moins qu" a vous trouver aux portes de Moscou, [I expected no less than how to find you, sovereign, at the gates of Moscow.] - Bosse said.
Napoleon smiled and, absently raising his head, looked to his right. The adjutant came up with a floating step with a golden snuffbox and held it up. Napoleon took her.
- Yes, it happened well for you, - he said, putting an open snuffbox to his nose, - you like to travel, in three days you will see Moscow. You probably did not expect to see the Asian capital. You will make a pleasant trip.
Bosse bowed in gratitude for this attentiveness to his (hitherto unknown to him) propensity to travel.
- A! what's this? - said Napoleon, noticing that all the courtiers were looking at something covered with a veil. Bosse, with courtly agility, without showing his back, took a half-turn two steps back and at the same time pulled off the veil and said:
“A gift to Your Majesty from the Empress.
It was a portrait painted by Gerard in bright colors of a boy born of Napoleon and the daughter of the Austrian emperor, whom for some reason everyone called the king of Rome.
A very handsome curly-haired boy, with a look similar to that of Christ in the Sistine Madonna, was depicted playing a bilbock. The orb represented the globe, and the wand in the other hand represented the scepter.
Although it was not entirely clear what exactly the painter wanted to express, imagining the so-called King of Rome piercing the globe with a stick, but this allegory, like everyone who saw the picture in Paris, and Napoleon, obviously, seemed clear and very pleased.
“Roi de Rome, [Roman King.],” he said, pointing gracefully at the portrait. – Admirable! [Wonderful!] - With the Italian ability to change the expression at will, he approached the portrait and pretended to be thoughtful tenderness. He felt that what he would say and do now was history. And it seemed to him that the best thing he could do now was that he, with his greatness, as a result of which his son in bilbock played with the globe, so that he showed, in contrast to this greatness, the simplest paternal tenderness. His eyes dimmed, he moved, looked around at the chair (the chair jumped under him) and sat down on it opposite the portrait. One gesture from him - and everyone tiptoed out, leaving himself and his feeling of a great man.
After sitting for some time and touching, for what he did not know, with his hand until the rough reflection of the portrait, he got up and again called Bosse and the duty officer. He ordered the portrait to be taken out in front of the tent, so as not to deprive the old guard, who stood near his tent, of the happiness of seeing the Roman king, the son and heir of their adored sovereign.
As he expected, while he was breakfasting with Monsieur Bosse, who had been honored with this honor, enthusiastic cries of officers and soldiers of the old guard were heard in front of the tent.
- Vive l "Empereur! Vive le Roi de Rome! Vive l" Empereur! [Long live the Emperor! Long live the king of Rome!] – enthusiastic voices were heard.
After breakfast, Napoleon, in the presence of Bosset, dictated his order to the army.
Courte et energique! [Short and energetic!] - Napoleon said when he himself read the proclamation written without amendments at once. The order was:
"Warriors! Here is the battle you have been longing for. Victory is up to you. It is necessary for us; she will provide us with everything we need: comfortable apartments and a speedy return to the fatherland. Act as you did at Austerlitz, Friedland, Vitebsk and Smolensk. May later posterity proudly remember your exploits in this day. Let them say about each of you: he was in the great battle near Moscow!
– De la Moskowa! [Near Moscow!] - repeated Napoleon, and, having invited Mr. Bosse, who loved to travel, to his walk, he left the tent to the saddled horses.

One of the greatest French writers of the 19th century, the author of the immortal "Around the World in 80 Days", "The Children of Captain Grant", "The Fifteen-Year-Old Captain", "The Mysterious Island" Jules Verne became popular as an outstanding novelist only at the age of 36. Before that, he had to spend a long time in the backyard of literature: editing other people's works, writing commissioned plays, short articles and dreaming, sitting at a table in Montmarte, about his own books and reader recognition.

And at the beginning of his literary career, and already being a venerable writer, Jules Verne got up every day at five in the morning. He drank a cup of excellent black coffee and sat down at his desk, laid out his file cabinets and began to write.

Jules Verne's file cabinets were self-made notebooks that he kept throughout his life. In this impromptu encyclopedia, Vern entered the facts that interested him, terms from various branches of science (physics, chemistry, geography), the names of researchers, travelers, extraordinary incidents. Memory, the writer argued, is an imperfect tool. Vern's file cabinets became his faithful assistants in the creation of adventure novels.

At the desk, Jules Verne forgot about the house, everyday bustle and was carried away with his heroes to the distant distances that they plowed. The family knew the established order very well - Jules devotes morning hours to literature. True, the path to this idyll was rather tortuous. And the story of Jules Gabriel Verne began in provincial Nantes, in February 1828.

The head of the Vern family, Pierre Verne, was a successful lawyer and owned his own firm in Nantes. It is no coincidence that the father saw the eldest of the children, Jules, as a worthy successor to the family business. At first, young Verne succumbed to parental influence - he successfully graduated from the Sorbonne with a degree in law and seriously thought about becoming a lawyer.

However, life in Paris, where the eighteen-year-old Jules moved, brought him together with a hitherto unfamiliar type of people - representatives of the literary beau monde, who were full of the metropolitan Montmart. It was then that the literary inclinations that Verne always noticed in himself manifested themselves with particular force. Now he knew that he would not return to Nantes and become his father's successor. The son repeatedly wrote about this in letters to his parent: “You understand, dad, it’s not even worth trying. What helper am I? Your office will fall into disrepair in my hands. Better to be a good writer than a bad lawyer.”

The father did not share his son's passion, he considered literature a whim of youth. A man, the future head of the family, needs a worthy profession - you can earn money by writing only if you are Hugo, or, say, Dumas. Then Paul Verne did not suspect that very soon his rebellious son would personally meet the celestials of the literary Olympus, whom he casually cited as an example, and subsequently share the pedestal with them.

Encounters with the Celestials: Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas

Jules Verne clearly knew that he wanted to connect his life with literature. What is true, the action plan of the novice creator was limited to this. One desire and talent was not enough, Vern was in dire need of patronage and a venerable mentor.

The meeting with Victor Hugo, whom Jules Verne considered an unsurpassed master, was organized by his friend. The young poet (at that time Jules Verne saw himself as a lyricist) was terribly worried. In a frock coat from someone else's shoulder and with a fashionable cane bought for the last money, Vern shifted awkwardly in the corner of Hugo's richly furnished drawing room.

The owner did not show insight to the next young talent. He talked about Paris, politics, weather and not a word about literature! And young Vern simply did not have the courage to take the conversation in a different direction.

Fortunately, a merciful fate gives Verne another chance to prove himself and brings him together with Alexander Dumas himself. The author of The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo immediately spoke to the young man about art. Word for word, and Jules Verne himself did not notice how he was invited to the Historical Theater by Alexandre Dumas.

At first, the newcomer did the rough work - he ruled the play, met with the actors and listened to their many whims. And a little later he showed himself in the role of a playwright. His creative debut took place in 1850, when the play Crumpled Straws was staged on the stage.

Birth of Extraordinary Adventures

True fame, success and material independence Jules Verne brought his novels. During his literary career, Verne wrote 66 novels (some of them were published posthumously, others remained unfinished). The first of these was born quite spontaneously under the influence of a love of science, travel and adventure.

In 1864, the 36-year-old writer Jules Verne, known only in narrow literary circles, placed the manuscript of Five Weeks in a Balloon on the desk of the editor of the periodical Review of Two Worlds, Francois Bulo. The novel was about the English doctor Samuel Ferguson, who, in the company of a friend and servant, goes on a trip in a hot air balloon. Having improved the aircraft with the help of a special mechanism, Ferguson was able to go a long way, visiting the Sahara, Lake Chad, the banks of the Niger River and many other places in mysterious and dangerous Africa.

Bulo approved the non-trivial plot, the geographical and scientific knowledge of the author, his writing style and immediately offered to start publishing "Five weeks in a balloon" in the "Review" ... though without a fee. “But I am a writer, sir!” - outraged insulted Jules Verne. "But you don't have any name!" Bulo retorted. “But I wrote an unusual novel!” - the author did not retreat. "Congratulations. But you still don't know anyone. To be published in such a wonderful magazine as the Review of Two Worlds is an honor in itself without any fee. So without coming to a compromise, both sides parted ways.

Fortunately, Verne Nadal's friend knew the successful Parisian publisher Pierre-Jules Hetzel. Having familiarized himself with the creation of a novice novelist, Etzel rubbed his hands, “This thing will work for me!” and immediately signed a contract with a novice writer.

The highly experienced Etzel did not fail - the success of the Five Days was stunning. He served as an impetus for the creation of the series "Extraordinary Adventures". It includes such masterpieces of the adventure genre as "Journey to the Center of the Earth", "From the Earth to the Moon", "Captain Grant's Children", "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea", "Around the World in 80 Days", "Mysterious Island", "Fifteen-year-old captain" and others.

Jules Verne and Russia

Jules Verne's books were very popular outside of his native France. His novels were very warmly received in Russia. So, the debut Five Weeks in a Balloon was translated into Russian a year after publication, in 1864. The work was published on the pages of Sovremennik under the title Air Travel Through Africa.

Translation of works by Jules Verne

Vern's constant translator was the Ukrainian-Russian writer Marko Vovchok. She has 14 novels by the eminent Frenchman, his short prose and a popular science article.

Jules Verne himself was attracted to Russia. The heroes of nine Vernov novels visit this huge mysterious country. However, Verne himself, far from being an armchair writer, but an avid traveler, did not have time to visit Russia.

The last years of Jules Verne's life were overshadowed by illness. Pain in the ankle haunted - in the 86th Vern received a severe gunshot wound. The mentally ill nephew of the writer Gaston shot, who in such a dubious way tried to attract attention to the person of his already famous uncle.

Jules Verne is a writer and geographer, a recognized classic of adventure literature, the founder of the science fiction genre. Lived and worked in the 19th century. According to UNESCO statistics, Verne's works rank second in the world in terms of the number of translations. We will consider the life and work of this amazing person.

Jules Verne: biography. Childhood

The writer was born in the small French town of Nantes on February 8, 1828. His father owned a legal office and was very famous among the townspeople. Mother, Scottish by birth, loved art and even taught literature at a local school for some time. It is believed that it was she who instilled in her son a love of books and directed him to the writing path. Although the father saw in him only the successor of his work.

Since childhood, Jules Verne, whose biography is presented here, was between two fires, brought up by such dissimilar people. No wonder he hesitated which path to take. In his school years, he read a lot, his mother picked up books for him. But having matured, he decided to become a lawyer, for which he went to Paris.

As an adult, he will write a short autobiographical essay in which he will talk about his childhood, his father's desire to teach him the basics of the legal business and his mother's attempts to raise him as a man of art. Unfortunately, the manuscript has not been preserved; only the closest people read it.

Education

So, upon reaching adulthood, Vern goes to Paris to study. At this time, the pressure from the family was so strong that the future writer literally runs away from home. But even in the capital, he does not find the long-awaited peace. The father decides to continue to send his son, so he secretly tries to help him enter the law school. Vern finds out about this, fails his exams on purpose and tries to get into another university. This continues until there is only one faculty of law left in Paris, where the young man has not yet tried to enter.

Vern passed the exams brilliantly and studied for the first six months, when he found out that one of the teachers had known his father for a long time and was his friend. This was followed by a major family quarrel, after which the young man did not communicate with his father for a long time. Nevertheless, in 1849 he became a graduate of the Jules Verne Faculty of Law. Qualification at the end of training - licentiate of law. However, he is in no hurry to return home and decides to stay in Paris. By this time, Verne was already beginning to collaborate with the theater and met such masters as Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas. He directly informs his father that he will not continue his work.

Theatrical activity

For the next few years, Jules Verne is in dire need. The biography even testifies that the writer spent half a year of his life on the street, since there was nothing to pay for the room. But this did not move him to return to the path chosen by his father and become a lawyer. In these difficult times, Verne's first work was born.

One of his friends at the university, seeing his plight, decides to arrange a meeting with his friend from the main Historical Parisian theater. A potential employer examines the manuscript and realizes that he has an incredibly talented writer in front of him. So in 1850, a production of Verne's play "Broken Straws" first appeared on the stage. It brings the writer the first fame, and well-wishers appear ready to finance his work.

Cooperation with the theater continues until 1854. Verne's biographers call this period the initial one in the writer's career. At this time, the main stylistic features of his texts are formed. Over the years of theater work, the writer has released several comedies, short stories and librettos. Many of his works continued to be staged for many years to come.

Literary success

Jules Verne learned a lot of useful skills from cooperation with the theater. The books of the next period are very different in their subject matter. Now the writer was seized by a thirst for adventure, he wanted to describe what no other author could yet. This is how the first cycle, called "Extraordinary Journeys", is born.

In 1863, the first work in the Five Weeks in a Balloon series was published. Readers highly appreciated it. The reason for the success was that Verne supplemented the romantic line with adventure and fantasy details - for that time it was an unexpected innovation. Realizing his success, Jules Verne continued to write in the same style. Books come out one after another.

"Extraordinary Journeys" brought fame and glory to the writer, first at home, and then in the world. His novels were so multifaceted that everyone could find something interesting for themselves. Literary criticism saw in Jules Verne not just the founder of the fantastic genre, but also a man who believed in scientific and technological progress and the power of reason.

Trips

Jules Verne's travels were not only on paper. Most of all, the writer loved sea travel. He even had three yachts that bore the same name - "Saint-Michel". In 1859 Verne traveled to Scotland and England, and in 1861 to Scandinavia. 6 years after that, he went on a transatlantic cruise on the then-famous Great Eastern steamer to the USA, saw Niagara Falls, and visited New York.

In 1878, the writer on his already yacht travels around the Mediterranean Sea. On this trip, he visited Lisbon, Gibraltar, Tangier and Algiers. Later, he also independently sailed again to England and Scotland.

Jules Verne's travels are becoming more and more ambitious. And in 1881 he went on a big voyage to Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. The plans also included a visit to St. Petersburg, but this idea was prevented by a storm. The last expedition of the writer took place in 1884. Then he visited Malta, Algeria and Italy, as well as several other Mediterranean countries. These travels formed the basis of many of Verne's novels.

The reason for the cessation of travel was an accident. In March 1886, Verne was attacked and severely wounded by his mentally ill nephew Gaston Verne.

Personal life

In his youth, the writer was in love several times. But all the girls, despite signs of attention from Vern, got married. This upset him so much that he founded a circle called "Dinners of Eleven Bachelors", which included musicians, writers and artists he knew.

Verne's wife was Honorina de Vian, who came from a very wealthy family. The writer met her in the small town of Amiens. Vern came here to celebrate his cousin's wedding. Six months later, the writer asked for the hand of his beloved.

Jules Verne's family lived happily ever after. The couple loved each other and did not need anything. In marriage, a son was born, who was named Michel. The father of the family was not present at the birth, as he was in Scandinavia at that time. Growing up, Verne's son took up cinematography seriously.

Artworks

The works of Jules Verne were not only bestsellers of their time, they remain in demand and loved by many today. In total, the author wrote more than 30 plays, 20 novels and short stories, and 66 novels, among which there are unfinished and published only in the 20th century. The reason that interest in Verne's work does not subside is the writer's ability not only to create vivid storylines and describe amazing adventures, but also to portray interesting and lively characters. His characters are attractive no less than the events that happen to them.

We list the most famous works of Jules Verne:

• "Journey to the Center of the Earth".
• "From the Earth to the Moon".
• "Lord of the world".
• "Around the Moon".
• "Around the world in 80 Days".
• "Michael Strogoff".
• "Flag of the Motherland".
• 15 year old captain.
• "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", etc.

But in his novels, Verne not only talks about the greatness of science, but also warns that knowledge can also be used for criminal purposes. This attitude towards progress is characteristic of the later works of the writer.

"The Children of Captain Grant"

The novel was published in parts from 1865 to 1867. It became the first part of the famous trilogy, which was continued by 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and The Mysterious Island. The work has a three-part form and is divided depending on who is the main character of the story. The main goal of the travelers is to find Captain Grant. For this they have to visit South America, Australia and New Zealand.

"Captain Grant's Children" is recognized as one of Verne's best novels. This is an excellent example of not only adventure, but also youthful literature, so it will be easy to read it even for a schoolboy.

"Mysterious Island"

This is a Robinsonade novel that was published in 1874. It is the final part of the trilogy. The action of the work takes place on a fictional island, where Captain Nemo decided to settle, having sailed there on the Nautilus submarine he created. By chance, five heroes who escaped from captivity in a balloon fall on the same island. They begin to develop desert lands, in which scientific knowledge helps them. However, it soon turns out that the island is not so uninhabited.

Predictions

Jules Verne (the biography does not confirm that he was seriously engaged in science) predicted many discoveries and inventions in his novels. We list the most interesting of them:

• A television.
• Space flights, including interplanetary ones. The writer also predicted a number of moments of space exploration, for example, the use of aluminum in the construction of a projectile car.
• Scuba gear.
• Electric chair.
• Aircraft, including those with an inverted thrust vector, and a helicopter.
• Construction of the Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Siberian Railways.

But the writer also had unfulfilled assumptions. For example, the underground strait located under the Suez Canal was never discovered. It also became impossible to fly in a cannon projectile to the moon. Although it was precisely because of this mistake that Tsiolkovsky decided to study space flights.

For his time, Jules Verne was an amazing person who was not afraid to look into the future and dream of scientific discoveries that even scientists could not imagine.