Value orientations of modern youth (3) - Abstract. The system of value orientations of modern youth - abstract

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education

"Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University"

Institute of Youth Policy and Social Work

Department of Social Work

Sociological research

"Value Orientations of Youth"

Completed by a student of the group SR - 22

Specialty 040101.65 Social work

Specialization Social work with youth

Full-time form of education

Supervisor:

Novosibirsk 2012
Content:

Introduction ……………………………………………………….………………………….………….3

Section 1. The concept of value……………………………….…………………….………...…………4

1.1 Classification of values…………………………..…..…………………….…………..……..6

Survey by questionnaire;

Hypothesis:

Experimental base

Section 1. The concept of "value"

Value is a special kind of reality. It does not exist by itself, although it is connected not only with man, but also with the objective world. The world is full of values ​​- material (things, money, property...), artistic (works of art and literature...), natural (sunrise, seas, flowers, landscapes...), actually human (laughter, beauty of eyes, courageous act...).

Value is always and at the same time the value of something (someone), and the value for someone. We emphasize once again: its basis can be objective reality, products of human creativity and the content of consciousness: respectively, stone, water, car, theory, image, etc. But the value is necessarily anthropogenic, since it arises in the process of human action and comprehension, in the process human evaluations of people, society, ideas, objects of culture or nature.

Strictly speaking, all living beings are endowed with the ability to prefer one thing over another - the very need for self-preservation forces them to fear something in the world, to reach out for something. Moreover, the animal protects its offspring, and, therefore, can love. However, it is hardly possible to speak of values ​​in the full sense of the word in beings who are not able to give themselves an account of them.

Among all the creations of the Universe, only man is able to evaluate the nature, the results of his actions, and at the same time is capable of self-esteem.

Types of values ​​can be very different: objective, virtual, non-existent in nature (dreams, ideals), fantastic. But in any case, they acquire the status of values ​​with the potential or actual existence of a person, that is, one who is able to appreciate. A diamond has no value if it never falls into human hands. A car is nothing more than a pile of iron if it was abandoned by hijackers where no one will ever find it and if everyone forgot about it.

Values ​​exist where and when a person exists.

A specific sign of the existence of value is significance. Significance is synonymous with value, but only if it is a positive significance. Values ​​can also be negative.

Values ​​are material and spiritual, however, in any case, they are established (i.e., constituted) by a person, therefore they contain a certain virtuality associated with the fact that the assessment itself is a matter of a person’s mind, his taste, preferences, sympathies, needs , goals, ideals, etc.

It is clear that neither the mind, nor everything else connected with the evaluating abilities of a person, are not some kind of objects, but belong to the area of ​​his subjectivity, which is also transferred to values. However, in this case, we are not talking about subjectivism, understood as arbitrariness or uncontrollable whim, especially not about selfishness or selfishness, but about subjectivity as an area of ​​​​the inner world of a rational person who has consciousness, freedom, conscience and other purely human qualities.

Here we come to one very important point. It is necessary to distinguish the valuable as simply useful, advantageous or necessary, as a means to something else, from value in its full and highest, specifically human sense of the word. What is the difference? Value-benefit can always be measured and, accordingly, compensated by another value, but any higher value is absolute in its own way and its loss is irreplaceable; such value is what is often called "priceless". Roughly speaking, one cannot specify its price or monetary value (after all, money embodies the idea of ​​measure and exchange). This is what the English writer and playwright Oscar Wilde had in mind in his well-known aphorism: "The cynic knows the price of everything, but he does not know the values."

Higher values ​​are, as it were, self-valuable for a person; he is disgusted by the very idea of ​​using them only as a means to achieve his goals. This makes the concept of the highest value related to such a concept as a shrine (apparently, at the dawn of mankind, the highest values ​​of a person were still only religious). Emphasizing the exclusive nature of any value, we often use this term metaphorically.

The criterion of indispensability, self-worth easily separates the simple price from the true value: everything alive and everything truly loved by us, regardless of its scale, is irreplaceable. So, a favorite picture or a view from a window will never be replaced for us by others that are a hundred times more expensive, recognized or luxurious; any trinket associated, say, with the memory of a loved one, is dearer to us than the most useful thing of the same purpose; a missing kitten cannot be replaced by another bought on the market. And of course, according to the famous formula of Immanuel Kant, any person can be for us only an end (value in itself) and never a means.

Values ​​play a colossal, more than that, decisive role in people's lives. They have the functions of guidelines, form a complex world of meanings and symbols, form the basis of individual or collective judgments and actions. They have regulatory and regulatory components.

1.1 Classification of values:

It is possible to distinguish and classify values ​​according to many criteria: “by the objective characteristics of phenomena that act as values ​​(material and spiritual, large and small); by subject (values ​​of society, people, nation, class, party, collective, individual); according to the type of needs of the subject (moral, economic, political, religious, medical, etc. values)”.

Objective (natural good and evil, utility, social good and evil, moral good and evil) and subjective (social attitudes and assessments, imperatives and prohibitions, goals and projects expressed in the form of normative representations) values ​​are only two poles of a person's value attitude to the world; the first act as its objects (objects of need and interest, taken only in their subjective psychological expression, in the form of aspirations, preferences, etc.), and the second - as an expression of the same attitude on the part of the subject, in which interests and needs are translated into the language of the ideal, the conceivable, the imagined. Therefore, objective values ​​are the objects of evaluation and prescription, while subjective values ​​are the method and criterion for these evaluations and prescriptions.

Values ​​are arranged in a certain hierarchical system. Researchers classify values ​​in different ways. For example, from the point of view (of the author of the article “Value” in the Russian Sociological Encyclopedia), the value system of a social subject may include the following values:

Meaningful values ​​(ideas of good and evil, good, happiness);

· Universal values:

· Vital values ​​(life, health, personal security, welfare, family, relatives, education, qualifications, property rights, law and order, etc.);

· Democratic values ​​(freedom of speech, conscience, parties, national sovereignty, guarantees of social equality and justice, etc.);

· Values ​​of public recognition (hard work, qualifications, social status, etc.);

· Values ​​of interpersonal communication (honesty, disinterestedness, benevolence, decency, mutual assistance, tolerance, fidelity, love, etc.);

· Values ​​of personal development (self-esteem, desire for education, free development of one's abilities, unhindered access to universal culture, freedom of creativity and self-realization, values ​​of the national language and culture, etc.).

Section 2. Conducting a sociological study on the topic: "Value orientations of youth."

2.1 Research program.

Object of study: students of NSPU IMPiSR.

Subject of study: moral values ​​of modern society.

Goal of the work: find out what moral values ​​are a priority for today's youth.

Research objectives:

1. To study the literature on this issue;

2. Compose a questionnaire that would allow you to test the hypothesis;

3. Conduct a survey among students;

4. Process the received personal data and present the results;

5. Analyze the obtained data and test the hypothesis.

Research methods:

Analysis of scientific literature;

Survey by questionnaire;

Hypothesis: I suggested that for today's youth, those qualities that have been valued at all times have not lost their value: responsiveness, intelligence, kindness. I believe that in the course of the survey, these qualities will be named by our respondents as a priority. I also assumed that health, family, education, and a prestigious job would be valuable for our respondents.

Experimental base are students of the IMPiSR. The study involved 30 people.

2.2 Analysis of the results

30 people took part in the survey.

Picture 1

Basically, these are young people studying in 2-3 courses.

Well
Number of persons

Figure 2

The processed data indicate that most of the respondents think about their future and have the main goal in life (75%). This indicates that they purposefully carry out the implementation of their plans. 13% of respondents answered that they do not yet have a goal in life, and 12% of respondents have not yet thought about this issue.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/304/images/image004_2.png" width="512" height="298 id=">

Figure 4

The majority of respondents believe that the main life goal is to be healthy, this was noted by 35% of respondents. In second place is living in abundance, 26% of respondents answered this way. In third place is the desire to have a good family (24%). 8% consider it important for themselves to have good friends. Only 5% want to get a good education, and only 2% want to start their own business.

Figure 5

Most students are concerned about problems with finding a job (35%). Also, young people are afraid not to meet a loved one and be left without a livelihood (26-27%). Only 7% express fears in connection with the growth of crime. And only 5% are worried about the inability to get an education.

Free time exhibitions and museums, 14% of students answered this way.13% of respondents, of which 87% are men, prefer to play computer games.The most unpopular answers were: go shopping and sleep.The respondents also offered their own answers: go in for sports, dance, spend time with friends etc.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/304/images/image008_2.png" width="510" height="296 id=">

Figure 8

42% of respondents believe that studying will allow them to acquire a profession, a large number (22%) receive education in order to establish themselves among relatives, the answers “become educated” and “prepare for independent living” received almost the same number of votes. Only 7% of respondents study in order to become rich.

Figure 9

Among the qualities most valued by students are responsiveness, purposefulness, self-confidence, kindness, intelligence. Initiative and beauty are little valued.

Figure 10

The survey showed that the majority of respondents are self-centered and pursue only their own goals (92%)

Figure 11

The survey showed that 3/4 of IMPiSR students have never given a bribe in their lives and 19% do not condemn other people who give bribes. 16% of respondents gave a bribe once. And 4% have already repeatedly given bribes.

Figure 12

The result of the answers to this question was very pleasing: students tend to work in order to have fun. 38% of respondents want to work in order to get a lot of money, 4% of respondents prefer not to stand out among others. 6% of respondents offered their answers, including: good bosses, friendly team, not difficult work.

Figure 13

72% of respondents believe that it is necessary to show humanity, those who are financially successful should take care of those who are successful. For 17%, spiritual values ​​are more important, material ones do not matter much. 1/10 of the students surveyed believe that everyone should take care of themselves, the rich should not help the poor.

Figure 14

Almost half of the respondents (42%) believe that future work should bring a lot of money. I am glad that almost the same number (39%) believe that a person should bring help to people with his activity, and only 13% decided that the profession should be prestigious. 6% of respondents offered their own answers: work should be fun, my parents should like it, etc.

Figure 15

From the survey, it can be understood that 41% of the surveyed students of the IMPiSR, having received education, are not going to work in their specialty. For 35% of the students surveyed, life goals partially coincide with their future profession. And only 25% of respondents do not doubt the choice of their future.

Conclusion

After analyzing the obtained data, we came to the following conclusions:

Most of the students have a goal in life;

Health and family are of the greatest value;

· Money is not a priority value of students,
although a quarter of the respondents believe that the main value of life is
live in abundance. Here we see some contradiction in the answers of our respondents.

Most of all, students are afraid of problems with employment in the future
and not meet a loved one.

· In people, the respondents value responsiveness, kindness and intelligence most of all, but at the same time they do not value initiative.

Thus, I can conclude that my hypothesis turned out to be correct; in terms of the main indicators, the answers of my respondents coincided with my assumptions. Modern youth appreciates responsiveness, kindness, intelligence in people, and also consider health, family and education to be the main values ​​for themselves.

Today's youth are characterized by both spiritual and moral and purely pragmatic material life goals.

Application - questionnaire

Value orientations of youth.

Dear respondent, we are conducting a social survey on the topic "Value Orientations of the Youth of Novosibirsk (specifically IM&SR)" and we will be grateful if you answer the questions of our questionnaire. The survey is conducted anonymously.

Your age:

1. Do you have a purpose in life?

c) didn't think about it.

2. Choose the most valuable thing for you in life (no more than 3 answers):

a) career

c) money;

d) friends;

e) education

e) health.

3. What life goals do you consider the most important for yourself (no more than 3 answers):

a) open your own business;

b) have a good family;

c) live in abundance;

d) have good friends;

e) get a good education;

e) be healthy.

4. What causes fear and uncertainty in your future life (no more than 2 answers):

a) inability to get an education;

b) be left without means of subsistence;

c) crime;

d) problems with getting a job;

e) not to meet a loved one;

f) Your answer option ___________________________________________

5. What do you prefer to do in your free time:

c) play computer games;

d) go shopping

f) visit museums, exhibitions, theaters;

g) Your answer ________________________________________________

6. What feelings do you experience most often:

a) emotional uplift and a feeling of cheerfulness;

b) normal vitality, even feelings;

c) a state of imbalance, a feeling of anxiety;

d) a state of indifference;

e) when how;

e) find it difficult to answer.

7. What is the value of studying for you (no more than 2 answers):

a) study allows you to acquire a profession;

b) become educated;

c) become rich;

d) prepare for independent living;

e) establish yourself among relatives.

8. What qualities do you value most in people (no more than 3 answers):

b) kindness;

d) self-confidence;

e) purposefulness;

e) responsiveness;

g) initiative;

h) beauty;

i) Your answer _________________________________________________

9. Have you had to deliberately deceive someone to achieve your own goals:

10. Have you ever had to pay a bribe:

b) I didn’t do it myself, but I don’t blame others for it;

c) yes, once;

d) Yes, many times.

11. What is the main thing for you in your future work:

b) enjoy the activity;

c) not stand out among others;

12. Your opinion about material values:

a) people should achieve material success themselves, and those who do not want this, let them live in poverty - this is fair;

b) it is necessary to show humanity, those who have materially succeeded should help and care for those who have not succeeded.

c) for me, material values ​​are not of great importance.

13. Your future profession should:

a) bring great material wealth;

b) be prestigious;

c) to benefit people;

d) Your answer _______________________________________________

14. Do your life goals match your future profession?

b) yes, partially;

Bibliography:

1., Kudishina of modern humanism // http://*****/2011/05/16/gost/

2. Razin orientation and the good of man. // Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 7. Philosophy. - 1996. - No. 1. - S. 77-85.

3. // Encyclopedic Sociological Dictionary / Ed. ed. . M.: Ed. ISPI RAS, 19p. - S.871-872.

SUMMARY ON THE TOPIC: "Value Orientations of Modern Youth" On the discipline "Sociology"
Table of Contents Introduction 1. Definition of the concept of personality2. Youth3. Definition of the concept of value orientations4. Finding yourself in the youth subculture5. Description of psychological tests. Rokeach's "Value Orientations" Methodology6. Review of the results of scientific researchConclusionList of references

Introduction

Give the young what they need

to become independent from us

and able to make their choice.

K. Popper

More and more young Russians want to live

in an economically strong rule of law state,

without corrupt officials and

gangster lawlessness, where will

their talents and abilities are in demand.

Lisovsky V.

One of the topical branches of modern sociology is the sociology of youth. This topic is very complex and includes a number of aspects: these are age-related psychological characteristics, and sociological problems of upbringing and education, the influence of the family and the team, and a number of other aspects. The problem of youth and its role in public life is especially acute in Russia.

Recently, many complaints have been heard from parents and teachers about teenagers of middle and older age - they have become uncontrollable, disobedient, too independent. This is due both to the characteristics of this age, physiological and psychological, and to the peculiarity of the modern social situation in which adolescents grow up. So what are they - modern teenagers?

Any society is characterized by a complex process of formation of values ​​and attitudes towards them, especially young people. At a critical stage in the development of society, it is important to fix and understand the values ​​of the young. Understand which values ​​are being destroyed today and which remain. How does this happen and how predetermined are these processes? Does this mean that the world of values ​​is collapsing in general, or are we talking about temporary phenomena? What do young people live for today?

1. Definitions of the concept of personality

First of all, I would like to first understand what is meant by the word “personality” in our society. Because the youth that we are talking about now is, first of all, an individual, a part of the society in which they exist.

According to Professor Lavrinenko, the concept of "personality" can only be defined in relation to the concept of "man", because we are talking about a living human personality and no other.

The social properties of a person are manifested, on the one hand, as his universal human properties (each person acts as a subject of consciousness, activity and communication), and on the other hand, as the properties of certain social groups, of which he is a representative. His universal human properties do not reveal the features of his personality, for all people are subjects of consciousness, activity and communication. However, as individuals, they can differ significantly from each other.

The essence and specific social content of a particular person becomes clear when her social position is revealed, that is, to which social groups she belongs, what her profession and activities, her worldview, value orientations, etc.

The meaning of the concept (category) "human personality" is to reflect the specific social characteristics of individual individuals, to designate their specific "social faces". This concept does not simply capture the social experience embodied in the individual, that is, the knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired by him for this or that activity, but indicates a certain content and measure of this experience and the socially typical features of this individual.

Based on this approach to understanding personality, we can point out the following most important problems of its sociological study:

The specific historical content of the personality and the allocation of socio-typical features in it (for example, the identification of specific features of an entrepreneur, worker or representative of the humanitarian intelligentsia of a particular country and historical era);

The processes of personality formation, including its historical development (phylogeny) and the development of individuals in the process of their own social life (life path) in a particular society (ontogenesis);

The main components of the "personality system";

Social maturity of the individual;

The main manifestations of its spiritual content;

Personality as a subject of activity and social relations;

Social personality types;

Interaction of the individual with society.

2. Youth

What is youth? There are many interpretations of this concept, I decided to focus on the fact that youth is a large social group aged 14-30 years old, which has specific social and psychological traits, the presence of which is determined as the age characteristics of young people. The upper and lower age limits of the youth group are different in different countries and different branches of human activity (statistics, demography, sociology, education, criminalistics, etc.).

It can be seen that a large number of the population belongs to this social group, and each is an individual. According to the results of the All-Russian population census for 2002, it can be seen that the population of the Russian Federation is 145.2 million people. The age category of 10-19 years old was 23.2 million people in 2002. The share of this age category in the total population was 16.0% (in 1989 - 14.0%). Age category 20-29 years in 2002 - 22.1 million people. The share of 15.2% has not changed compared to 1989.

According to the data, the young generation aged 15-29 in 2002 was 34.9 million people.

In Russia, there is such a situation:

On the one hand, there is a state pursuing a certain youth policy.

Civil society, which is in its infancy and is trying to unite in social and public institutions focused on creating conditions for the socialization of the younger generation - on the other hand.

And between them - young people who have civil rights only nominally, and therefore raises the question of their expansion.

Finally, there is a situation in which young people are in demand, studying their problems and determining the modern type of relations in the new concept of youth policy in society.

“Young people are part of civil society from birth. And if it simply activates its participation in its activities, this will already be a powerful stimulus for the development of the entire community and the democratization of the state. The free activity of youth is the path to civil society, at the same time it is the path to a truly democratic state, which can and wants to receive a variety of youth organizations within the legal framework. Ultimately, the doctrine should contribute to the diversity of social action programs of youth organizations and groups within the framework of the laws of Russia.

3. Definition of the concept "Value orientations"

What are value orientations? “Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed by the life experience of the individual, the totality of his experiences and delimiting the significant, essential for a given person from the insignificant, non-essential. Value orientations, this main axis of consciousness, ensures the stability of the personality, the continuity of a certain type of behavior and activity and is expressed in the direction of needs and interests. “Developed value orientations are a sign of a person’s maturity, an indicator of the measure of his sociality ... A stable and consistent set of value orientations determines such personality qualities as integrity, reliability, loyalty to certain principles and ideals, the ability to make strong-willed efforts in the name of these ideals and values, the activity of a life position , the inconsistency of value orientations is a sign of infantilism, the dominance of external stimuli in the internal structure of the personality ... "

behavior. Because of this, in any society, the value orientations of the individual are the object of education, purposeful influence. They act both at the level of consciousness and at the level of the subconscious, determining the direction of volitional efforts, attention, and intellect. The mechanism of action and development of value orientations is associated with the need to resolve contradictions and conflicts in the motivational sphere, in the most general form expressed in the struggle between duty and desire, moral and utilitarian motives.

Values ​​are in constant motion: some are born, others die, others pass from one generation to another. But all elements of the value system are closely interconnected, condition each other, complement or oppose. Values, before turning into a value orientation, pass through the filters of consciousness and are systematized. The concept of value orientation is closely related to the concept of value. Term<ценностная ориентация>complements the term<ценность>, emphasizes its dynamic aspect. The mechanism of formation of value orientation is expressed in the scheme:<интерес – установка – ценностная ориентация>.

In the process of becoming a young person's personality, a certain system of value orientations is formed with a more or less developed structure of personality behavior. The system of value orientations of the individual, although it is formed under the influence of the values ​​that prevail in society and the immediate social environment surrounding the individual, is not rigidly predetermined by them.

The system of value orientations is not given once and for all: with changes in living conditions, the personality itself, new values ​​appear, and sometimes they are completely or partially reassessed. The value orientations of young people as the most dynamic part of Russian society are the first to undergo changes caused by various processes taking place in the life of the country. At present, interest in the problems and culture of youth is growing in Russian society.

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Introduction

Chapter I. Value Orientations of Youth as a Subject of Research in Sociology

Chapter III. Sociological study of value orientations among USPI students

3.1 Research methods and procedure

3.2 Analysis of the results and conclusions on the sociological study of the value orientations of USPI students

Conclusion

Bibliography

Applications

Introduction

The relevance of the research topic lies in the social need to study the life of modern Russian youth and the problems of choosing its value orientations, which determine the formation of the self-consciousness of Russian students. It is the value orientations in their correlation that determine the level of youth socialization. One of the elements of the level of socialization, for example, is the level of education that has been achieved by the time of social self-determination, thanks to which an image is formed in young people of their future, and, consequently, of their social status, as well as the prospects for changing it.

Any healthy society is interested in an adequate reflection of the mechanisms for the formation of values ​​and orientation of young people, the motives for obtaining professional education, which determine the life strategies and behaviors of modern students.

Sociological studies have shown that modern youth is a new generation of Russian citizens with behavioral motives, moral values, guidelines and problems that have radically changed over the past decade. The ideas about the values ​​that have developed among young people have a predominantly individual-personal orientation, are associated with an increase in the role of the material factor and a positive awareness of this circumstance, which ensures a focus on a career profession, that is, on those values ​​that provide a high social status of a young person.

The degree of development of the problem. The attention of domestic researchers has been drawn to the value system of society since the 60s. last century. The theoretical basis of Russian axiology is the work of such authors as Anisimov S.F., Antonovich I.I., Arkhangelsky L.M., Bakuradze K.S., Blyumkin V.A., Vasilenko V.A., Grechany V.V. , Drobnitsky O.G., Zdravomyslov A.G., Kagan M.S., Kislov B.A., Kon I.S., Korshunov A.M., Lyubimova T.B., Maizel I.A., Narsky I.S. ., Prozersky V.V., Ruchka A.A., Tugarinov V.P., Kharchev A.G., Sherdakov V.N., etc. In the works of these researchers, fundamental problems of axiology related to ontological issues of the theory of values ​​were considered . Also, the historical roots of the origin of the problem of values ​​in philosophy, cultural studies, ethics and aesthetics were investigated, the relation of the value system to the spiritual and material world was explained, the forms and ways of existence of values ​​were studied.

From the beginning of the 70s. the object of research in the works of Veretskaya A.I., Gruzdova E.M., Zdravomyslov A.G., Zolotukhina E.V., Penkov E.M., Sokolova E.F., Yadov V.A. and others become the structure and content of systems of social and personal values, the hierarchical structure of the value system, the influence of various factors on the formation and change of the value system.

In recent years, the attention of domestic researchers has been drawn mainly to the analysis of the crisis in the system of values ​​and those specific changes that are taking place with the value orientations of various groups of Russian society. There was an opportunity to turn to world experience in the analysis of the value system, fundamental research by Western authors in the field of axiology, as well as previously inaccessible works by domestic authors, became available.

Problematic situation - with the formation of new social values ​​due to the development of market relations in Russia, what place do family values ​​occupy in the student environment among value orientations aimed at civil and professional self-determination?

From this problematic situation, a problem arises - the determination, with the help of a sociological study, of measures to achieve an appropriate individual - personal and social - public orientation in the activities of young people.

Based on the methods proposed by T.V. Khlopova, Zh.G. Ozernikova, E.A. Kukhterina, the thesis aims to describe the change in the value orientations of young people when they receive higher education at USPI in the dynamics of five years of study.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Give a comparative assessment of the value orientations of USPI students.

2. To identify the composition of the most common fundamental values ​​in the minds of young people;

3. Make a hierarchy of these values ​​(their position on the scale of more or less significant) in the mass consciousness;

4. Reveal the structural characteristics (nature, quality, reference to different types) of these values;

5. Determine the dynamic characteristics (ability to change) of the value world of future specialists.

Object of study: students of the Ussuri State Pedagogical Institute.

Subject of research: the formation of family and universal values ​​among students.

Studies of the formation of value orientations were considered in the works of B.S. Bratusya, V.T. Lisovsky, N.L. Karpova, D.A. Leontiev, Yu.R. Vishnevsky, N.D. Sorokina, G.A. Cherednichenko and others.

Hypothesis - the process of forming professional value orientations among students will be more successful if the following conditions are met, if:

* the educational process is built on the basis of a value-oriented approach to future pedagogical activity;

* Purposeful activities are carried out to identify and bring together the values ​​of life and professional and pedagogical values ​​among students;

* they develop interest in the subject and creative activity in pedagogical activity.

To solve the set tasks and test the hypothesis, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis (analysis of sociological, psychological literature); sociological (use of sociological research data); design (development of a questionnaire for the study of the development of value orientations); statistical (data processing, tabulation).

The diploma consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, recommendations and applications.

The first chapter deals with the problem of value orientations in the range of problems associated with the formation of new generations, sociology explores the mechanisms of youth socialization. This is necessary, first of all, for the state to develop a youth policy designed to ensure the full socio-demographic reproduction of its citizens.

The second chapter reveals the concept of "value orientations". On the one hand, they are a concretization of worldview views, on the other hand, they determine the general direction of human actions. Thus, value orientations are very general and at the same time quite specific constructs that can be quite adequately formulated and studied using the research methods of sociology.

The third chapter of the diploma is devoted to a sociological study of the value orientations of USPI students. Development of research methods and procedures, as well as analysis of the results and conclusions on a sociological study of the value orientations of USPI students.

value orientation youth sociological research

Chapter I. Value Orientations of Youth as a Subject of Sociological Research

1.1 Dynamics of research on value orientations in sociology

In sociological theory, value orientations are not just one of the most important manifestations of mass consciousness, but its key component, according to the state and direction of development of which one can judge with a high degree of certainty the qualitative characteristics of young people's consciousness. That is why the analysis of the state and development of the basic value orientations of young people under the influence of social processes occupies a central place in sociology.

The theme of youth value orientations is reflected in the works of domestic and foreign authors, which examine the problems of social development, analyze the main philosophical, historical, political, economic, social aspects of the theory and practice of this phenomenon.

The priorities in posing the problems of value orientations belong to the theory of social mobility, which, objectively, is considered as a property inherent in the logic of the development of social structures and the dynamics of social processes, and subjectively, when internal, psychological mobility is studied, the driving force of which is the value orientations of the individual. In the sociology of the twentieth century. the main provisions of this theory belong to P.A. Sorokin and especially M. Weber.

The historical view on value orientations in changing the social mobility of young people is revealed by the works of R. Gromov, E.M. Avramova. Separate concepts can be attributed to the theory of subjective mobility in social changes (O. Spengler, A. Toynbee, B. Russell, M. Scheler, A. Bergson, A. Schopenhauer, A. Schutz and others). Cherednichenko G.A. The youth of Russia: social orientations and life paths (the experience of a sociological study). - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. - S. 73.

The systematic study of value orientations is associated with extensive research on vertical mobility, which unfolded in the United States in the 1960s and 70s. Most sociologists have chosen occupational orientation as an empirical indicator of ascent and descent analysis. Until now, Kukhterina notes, the “trajectory” approach to stratification processes, which was preached starting with the “New Cambridge Group” represented by R. Blackburn, K. Prandy, and A. Stuart, remains effective. Using the example of Western countries, they proved that the prospects for social advancement are assessed as an important element of the position of individuals, while a special role is given to such value orientations as a focus on education. Kukhterina E.A. Personal growth as the basis of vertical social
youth mobility // Vestnik USTU - UPI. Actual problems of sociology: Sat. scientific articles. Yekaterinburg: GOU VPO USTU - UPI, 2003. - No. 4 (24). - S. 284.

It is on the trajectory of social advancement that the scale of value orientations of young people corresponding to this trajectory is formed. In this case, value orientations are understood as social values ​​shared by the individual, acting as the goals of life and the main means of achieving these goals and, in view of this, acquiring the function of the most important regulators of the social behavior of individuals.

Values ​​and value orientations are diverse, they can be actual and fixed, fundamental, enduring and transient, fashionable, genuine and imaginary, etc. Each person can simultaneously have many different value orientations.

In Russia, sociological studies of the value orientations of young people, their preferences and behavioral motives have also been consistently and regularly conducted. The study of the social problems of young people, education and career choice, begun by V. N. Shubkin back in 1962, included the study of both values ​​and value orientations, and the real life paths of young people and their parents.

E.A. Kukhterina notes that the research projects of D. L. Konstantinovsky have also been carried out since the 1960s on the basis of mass surveys of young people. They quite clearly reveal the systems of interaction and interconnection of economic, educational, demographic, socio-psychological subsystems that definitely influence the professional self-determination of young people of various status groups, in conditions when their significant transformation is taking place. In addition, D.L. Konstantinovsky conducted research that makes it possible to study the value orientations and behavior of young people upon completion of general secondary education, the changes that occur in the orientations and behavior of young people under the influence of the dynamics of leading influences, and identify critical points that society should pay special attention to; analyzed, on the one hand, the totality of opportunities provided by society to young people after their exit from the sphere of general education; and on the other, the intentions of the young men and women who are to take advantage of these chances and opportunities; the key content and definition of what school graduates would like to receive in social and professional terms are considered. Kukhterina E.A. Personal growth as the basis of vertical social
youth mobility // Vestnik USTU - UPI. Actual problems of sociology: Sat. scientific articles. Yekaterinburg: GOU VPO USTU - UPI, 2003. - No. 4 (24). - S. 286.

Kukhterina emphasizes that in Russian sociology D.L. Konstantinovsky empirical material, on the basis of which it became possible to study the influence of factors on the social choice of young people, as well as the methods of its processing, the experience of its analysis and data presentation.

Such well-known scientists as V. Smirnov, I. Aryamov, A. Zalkind, V. Myasishchev, M. Rubinstein, V. Ignatiev, N. Rybnikov and others were engaged in the study of value orientations in Russian society.

An analysis of the results of the ongoing research is contained in the fundamental work of S.N. Ikonnikova and V.T. Lisovsky "Youth about themselves and their peers", published in 1969. Tsymlov V.F. Value Orientations of Youth in Soviet and Post-Soviet Culture [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http://www.ibci.ru/konferencia.

S.N. Ikonnikova and V.T. Lisovsky make a generalizing conclusion: "The qualities of the new man of socialist society - political activity, collectivism, ideological conviction, the desire for education and enthusiasm for work, which arose at the time of the formation of Soviet power, gradually became typical in our time." Researchers in 1966 interviewed 2204 people. To the question, "What qualities, in your opinion, are most characteristic of Soviet youth?" answers were received: the desire for knowledge - 97.4%; industriousness - 93.3%; responsiveness - 92.8%; honesty - 94.4%; intolerance to lies - 88.4%; adherence to principles - 89.1%; ideological conviction - 79.2%; modesty - 86.4%; high culture [Ibid.].

But already in the mid-1990s, according to an inter-survey, the following answers were given to the question: “What does today's youth want to become?”: 32% of respondents want to become businessmen; 17% - economists; 13% - bankers; 11% - bandits; 10% - "new Russians"; 5% - managers; 1% - astronauts; 1% - good people; 10% - other.

Tsimbal argues that it was on the identified value orientations that the youth subculture of the 1990s was formed, which is characterized mainly by an entertaining and recreational orientation, "westernization" (Americanization) of cultural needs and interests, the priority of consumer orientations over creative ones, weak individualization and selectivity of culture, lack of ethnocultural self-identification, apoliticality, immorality, etc. There.

The conclusion from the above can be that, considering the problems of value orientations in the range of problems associated with the formation of new generations, sociology explores the mechanisms of youth socialization. This is necessary, first of all, for the state to develop a youth policy designed to ensure the full socio-demographic reproduction of its citizens.

Having knowledge of youth social guidelines, it is possible to more effectively use the available resources for educating young people, providing social support in the process of its formation, which will ensure the success of youth self-realization in all spheres of society.

The most important side of socialization is the formation of a young person as a professional and a citizen.

1.2 Modern research on the value orientations of young people

With regard to the youth group, the study of value orientations makes it possible to identify the real degree of involvement of young people in social relations, to determine their adaptive abilities, to characterize the innovative potential of young people, on which the future state of society largely depends.

Modern research, including sociological research, suggests that in post-Soviet Russia several systems of value orientations coexist, to which both the young and the older generation of Russians belong. One approaches the post-industrial individualistic model of values ​​(the carrier of the pro-Western type is the inhabitants of the capital and the largest Russian cities), and at the moment, according to the most optimistic estimates, no more than 20% of the country's population adhere to it. Another system of value orientations is represented by the bearers of the traditional Russian mentality and gravitates toward the patriarchal-collectivist model (inhabitants of most Russian provinces) - approximately 35 - 40%. Zapesotsky, A.I. Youth in the modern world. Problems of individualization and socio-cultural integration / A.I. Zasopetsky. - M.: Format, 1996. - P.133. In addition to the above two types of systems of value orientations, another type is being formed in Russia - a mixed one. It should be regarded as an undecided type of value consciousness (inhabitants of medium-sized cities and industrial areas remote from the center) - approximately 20% of the country's population.

This group sympathizes with some value orientations of the Western type, but, if possible, adapts them to the traditional Russian system of values. The characteristics of this particular group, in our opinion, coincide with the characteristics of the most active middle strata of society that are emerging in Russia today.

The last two decades of liberal reforms have shown that the picture of the value orientations of modern youth is very diverse and depends on the level and profile of education, social status, regional factors, belonging to a national-ethnic group, religion, and much more.

However, studies conducted over the past decade in various regions of Russia show that these changes have not yet fatally affected such basic cultural values ​​of Russians as family, children, friends, work, religion. Although economic and political instability, mass impoverishment of the population, sharp social differentiation, and the protracted search for a way out of the crisis in a certain way influenced the mentality of the population, including the young, increasing uncertainty about the future and social anomie.

The values ​​of the material order were actualized, but at the same time, a sufficient layer of economically independent initiative citizens in the amount desired by the reformers has not yet been formed. Consequently, the priorities of collectivism and leveling, traditional for Russian culture, as well as paternalistic attitudes, have not been completely ousted from the mass, group and individual consciousness of Russians. Today, not all citizens rely on their own strength to overcome economic difficulties. A significant part of the population still needs state support, moreover, these are different age and sex categories.

According to the data of various all-Russian sociological surveys conducted in the 1990s, there were sharp changes in the mass consciousness of Russians, due to the impact of the transformational processes taking place in Russia. According to O.V. Vishtak, there are three periods in the change in the basic value orientations of the population of Russia, including young people. Vishtak, O.V. Motivational preferences of applicants and students / O.V. Vishtak // Socis. - 2006. - No. 2. - P.65.

The first period - the beginning of extensive reformations (late 80 - early 90s). At that time, despite the collapse of the usual living conditions and the aggravated material problems, the hierarchy of value orientations among people remained almost unchanged. Among the "values ​​- leaders" were those that were associated with the comfort of the inner microworld of a person: a calm conscience, a family, an interesting job. Among the "values ​​- outsiders" prevailed: self-interest, power, competition. Material values ​​were positioned as medium-significant, which is quite typical for Russian culture.

The second period - the middle and second half of the 90s. Here, the sociological cross-section recorded some erosion of value systems traditional for Russia. The processes of crowding out values ​​of a spiritual and moral nature and replacing them with a material-pragmatic value paradigm have intensified. Thus, the study of M.K. Gorshkov showed that in the first years of the reforms, the population was actively interested in socio-political issues, highly valued freedom as a value concept, showing, in fact, traits atypical for the Russian mentality.

But by the mid 90s. the majority of respondents valued material well-being significantly higher than the value of freedom. The value of interesting, creatively meaningful work has also changed places with the value of the value of wages. There was a noticeable increase in the number of people who placed higher the desire for power and the achievement of their own goals. In general, the change in value preferences covered more than a third of the country's population.

The turn of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century served as the start of the third stage and is associated with the formation of the conviction that nothing depends on ordinary people, that they are not able to stop negative processes, etc. Among the population, including young people, support for tougher methods of governance began to grow, the importance of a strong personality with the necessary charisma and the ability to lead the country out of chaos increased. A number of negative trends have appeared in the worldview attitudes and value orientations of young people.

Such necessary components of human life as the desire for knowledge, work, education, etc. have noticeably lost their significance, yielding to the upper rungs of the hierarchy of values ​​of material security. Scientists note that this is apparently a positive trend, however, it is known that a decrease in the authority of transpersonal values ​​leads to the primitivization of the spiritual principles of a person. Rigid individualism, pragmatism, which is professed by a significant part of today's youth, leads to an increase in the charge of selfishness, cynicism, extremism and aggressiveness in society.

However, in general, at the turn of the XX - XXI centuries. the tendency of the return of the mass consciousness of Russians to traditional value orientations is clearly visible. Slowly, but still, the importance of a clear conscience and spiritual harmony is increasing again. Significance of education, spiritual development, interesting work, freedom (but originally understood in Russian as an opportunity to express one's will), etc., became noticeably more active. Thus, the transformational shifts in the basic values ​​of the inhabitants of Russia, as if describing an arc, seem to be returning to the original paradigm.

“It should be noted,” writes L.I. Ledeneva, - that the value orientations of young people in relation to work in the last 30 - 40 years have undergone noticeable changes; especially when it comes to the importance of work. In Soviet times, in the 1960s - the first half of the 1970s. the value of interesting work among young people was in the first place, it was chosen by at least 2/3 of the respondents; now she is in fourth place. This is due, in particular, to the fact that in the course of the reforms the ideology of the special social significance of labor and labor education was abolished. In the media, the image of an honest worker, a leader in production, in general, any working person, has disappeared. Being a worker, a technician, an engineer has become unprestigious. There was a replacement of "heroes of labor" with "idols of consumption" (pop stars, comedians, parodists, astrologers, fashion journalists, sexologists, etc.). Ledeneva, L.I. Professional and migration intentions of Russian students studying abroad / L.I. Ledeneva. // Socis. - 2006. - No. 10. - P.69.

An unfavorable factor in the modern value structure of the younger generation, Ledneva notes, is the lack of a clear connection between work and money. If in Soviet times this connection was weakened due to the manifestation of “leveling”, now it is completely absent. A similar situation is observed in the case of an interesting job, which ranked 4-5 in the ranking of values ​​denoting a “good life”, and in assessing the opportunities to get such a job, approximately one in four respondents admitted that they regard this opportunity for themselves as extremely low. This characteristic of opportunities is complemented by the respondents' not very high assessment of getting a prestigious job. Every third respondent named this problem as particularly urgent for himself.

For a more holistic understanding of value orientations, scientists distinguish types of value systems, the main types according to the level of their organization. So V.V. Gavrilyuk and N.A. Trikoz, in one of his publications, four main types of value systems are distinguished: a life-meaning system that unites the values ​​of human life, determines the goals of being, human essence, the values ​​of freedom, truth, beauty, i.e. human values; the vital system - these are the values ​​of maintaining and maintaining everyday life, health, safety, comfort; interactionist system - these are values ​​and judgments important in interpersonal and group communication: good relations, a clear conscience, power, mutual assistance; socialization system - values ​​that determine the process of personality formation: socially approved and vice versa Gavrilyuk V.V., Trikoz N.A. Dynamics of value orientations in the period of social transformation // Scis. - 2002. - No. 1. - P.96. . Researchers use various methods to study the value orientations of young people. Sociologists, as a rule, conduct: questionnaires, in-depth interviews, use the focus group method.

Thus, we can conclude that research in the sociology of the system of value orientations determines not only the content side of the orientation of the individual and the basis of his relationship to the world around him, to other people, to himself, the basis of the worldview and the core of the motivation of life, the basis of the life concept and "philosophy life” of young people, but also allow developing strategies for the purposeful influence of society on the formation of a system of value orientations for future generations.

Chapter II. The concept of "value orientations"

In order to explore the concept of "value orientations", it is necessary to consider the concept of "value".

In modern scientific concepts, value is understood as desires, life ideals, a system of norms; determinants of decision making; complex generalized systems of value ideas, etc.

If we systematize all these definitions and formulate a definition of value, then value is an object significant for the subject (material or ideal), capable of satisfying his needs and interests.

When considering the concepts of "value" and "value orientation" D.A. Leontiev distinguishes three forms of the existence of values: social ideals, the substantive embodiment of these ideals, and the motivational structures of the personality that encourage it to the substantive embodiment of these ideals. Leontiev D.A. Value as an interdisciplinary concept: the experience of multi-dimensional reconstruction. // Questions of Philosophy. - 1996. - No. 5. - P.25.

N.I. Lapin believes that values ​​are generalized representations that act as generalized ideals of social and individual consciousness. When it comes to empirical research, value orientations act as a kind of substitute for values. However, if values ​​are understood as the third form of their existence, namely, the motivational structures of the personality that encourage it to the substantive embodiment of social ideals, then one cannot but reckon with the fact that values ​​can be an independent subject of research, as well as value orientations. Lapin N.I. About the many and the same in the Russian? transformation // Social sciences and modernity. - 2002. - No. 2. - S. 106

Following D.A. Leontiev, value orientations can be understood as the subject's conscious ideas about his own values. YES. Leontiev believes that the study of the factors influencing the system of value orientations will help to understand this phenomenon more deeply.

So, S.S. Bubnova identifies four factors that determine the development of a system of value orientations: cultural experience, moral principles, personal experience, the atmosphere of intra-family child-parent relationships. All these factors are secondary in relation to the social factor, since value orientations can change radically in the process of education and socialization of a person. Bubnova S.S. Personal value orientations as a multidimensional non-linear system. // Psychological journal. 1999. No. 5. P.38.

In the course of a theoretical analysis of the problem of the correlation of a large number of theoretical and empirical studies affecting various aspects of the problem of professional development, such as: the specifics of the development of the subject of labor at various stages of professional development, crises of professional development, factors and conditions for the formation of the necessary professionally important qualities and the achievement of professional mastery, the formation of an individual style of professional activity, changes in the professional consciousness and self-awareness of the subject of labor, occurring in the process of professional development; and on the other hand, a lack of research aimed, firstly, at studying the place and role of the value-semantic sphere in the process of professional development and, secondly, at studying its specifics depending on age-psychological characteristics.

This contradiction makes it necessary to single out the value-semantic regulators of professional activity, such as the types of professional values ​​and meanings that are realized in professional activity.

Today, there is a lack of research aimed at studying the content of values ​​and orientations realized by the subject of labor precisely in professional activity. In most works, the relationship between the stage (features) of professional development or the type of professional activity with the so-called "general" or "terminal" values ​​(cognition, health, communication, active active life, self-development, etc.) is considered, which can be implemented not only in within the professional sphere of human life, but also in others: family, socio-political, etc.

The views of many authors on the nature of values ​​are consistent in that the value of an object (process or phenomenon) arises only in an object-subject relationship, in the process of evaluating the activity of the subject, and is not inherent in them initially. Whether something is a value for the subject can be said by whether this something has a subjective meaning for him, therefore "value is the value of the object for the subject." Golovakha E.I. Life perspective and value orientations of personality. // Personality psychology in the works of domestic psychologists. St. Petersburg: Pi-ter, - 2000. - P.256.

The identification of the value of an object (phenomenon) occurs, according to a number of authors, in the process of a special form of activity - value-oriented. So, M.S. Kagan describes three types of activity: transformative (labor, transformation of society, transformation of a person), cognitive (practical and scientific) and value-oriented, the latter, unlike cognitive, allows you to get information about values, not about essences, and its originality lies in establishing relations not between objects, but between the object and the subject. This is an evaluation activity, during which the significance of certain objects, phenomena, events is assessed based on the needs and interests, ideals and aspirations of the subject. Voitsekhovsky K. Development of personality and values. // Moral values ​​and personality. / Under. ed. A.I. Titarenko, B.O. Nikolaicheva. M .: Publishing House of Moscow State University, - 1994. - P. 249. Moreover, not only a single subject can act as a subject, i.e. individual, but also the collective, social group, society as a whole. The whole variety of objects of human activity, social relations and natural phenomena can act as objects of value-oriented activity. Thus, as a result of value-oriented activity, an object, phenomenon, event becomes a value for the subject (individual or collective), i.e. acquires a certain human, social or cultural significance.

Some researchers point to the connection of values ​​with the needs of the subject: value is not any value of an object, phenomenon, event for the subject, but only a positive value, which reflects the extent to which these objects, phenomena are able to satisfy his needs. According to Yu.R. Vishnevsky and V.T. Shapko's value is "the formation of an ideological and target plan, the general line of a person's life", therefore it "penetrates all levels of the human psyche - from needs to ideals - includes a real behavioral component." Vishnevsky Yu.R., Shapko V.T. Sociology of Youth: Textbook. - Yekaterinburg: N, - 1999. - S. 108.

Values, as A.G. Common sense underlies our behavior, and therefore their set characterizes a certain “motivational type” with goals corresponding to this motivational type. In total, the author singled out 10 motivational-target types: self-regulation, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, universalism. For example, the motivational type "Conformity" corresponds to such a motivational goal as - limiting actions and motives that harm others or violate social expectations and norms; This motivational type is based on values: self-discipline, respect for elders, politeness, obedience, etc. Zdravomyslov A.G. Needs, interests, values. M.: Politizdat, - 2001. - S. 74.

According to N.I. Lapin, social value, being mastered by the subject in the process of activity and becoming the property of individual consciousness, begins to function as a value attitude of the individual to certain facts, phenomena of reality, acting in this capacity as a mechanism for regulating individual behavior and activity. Since a person is the subject of several types of activity and, thus, masters various values, value relations are a mobile, dynamic system, i.e. there is a possibility of transferring one or another value relation from one sphere of activity to another. The author identifies three main forms of value relations that form a hierarchy:

1) the system of the most stable and generalized value relations, acting as the "core" value standards of the individual, responsible for the formation of the general direction of social life as a whole;

2) value standards that are more specific and mediate behavior in certain areas of life;

3) “a set of standards that mediate only a rigidly fixed plan of individual actions that are implemented under strictly similar conditions. Lapin N.I. About the many and the same in the Russian? transformation // Social sciences and modernity. - 2002. - No. 2. - S. 107 ..

The author also points out that “value is an immanent characteristic of social activity: even regardless of subjective aspirations, social activity objectively realizes the social value hidden in it.

Thus, the value relations of the individual are nothing but a necessary moment of the intrapersonal existence of social value. Becoming a fact of consciousness and already acting as value representations, values ​​do not just exist in consciousness, but begin to perform certain functions. First, they act for the subject as some criteria for evaluating reality. Evaluation of any phenomenon, object, occurs in the form of reference to value, because the evaluating subject already possesses one or another established value representations. Secondly, values ​​also perform an incentive function.

P. Kaidu, considering value as a semantic formation, points to two main forms of its existence. On the one hand, it can act as an element of the cognitive sphere; in this incarnation, value implements a cognitive function. "Values ​​are the basis for a person's understanding and evaluation of the social objects and situations surrounding him, and, consequently, the basis for the knowledge and construction of a holistic image of the social world." Khaidu P. Education of value orientations. M.: School, - 2001. - P. 88. At the same time, many authors point out that the mechanisms of evaluation in identifying one or another value significance of an object, phenomenon for a subject, differ significantly from those that take place during simple evaluation. On the other hand, notes D. Haidu, value can also act as an element of the motivational-required sphere, regulating the social behavior of a person, determining the direction of his activity. In this case, the values ​​are represented in the mind in the form of ultimate ideal goals that the subject is guided by, and therefore in this case we are talking not so much about values ​​as about value orientations.

V.N. Myasishchev points out that personal values ​​"act as a specific form of functioning of semantic formations in personal structures." Myasishchev V.N. The structure of personality and the relationship of man to reality. Psychology of Personality: Texts. / Ed. Yu.B. Gippenreiter, A.A. Bubble. M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, - 1982. - P. 37. According to the author, semantic formations can determine the course of activity regardless of the degree of their awareness, but if they become conscious, they acquire the status of personal value. This happens only when a person turns his efforts to the semantic sphere, to his own "I": a person must somehow "treat" his own meanings, for which he needs not only to feel or experience them, but also to comprehend. The process of comprehension consists in establishing personal preferences regarding the various semantic contents of values ​​with the subsequent correlation of their "proximity" to one's own "I".

Thus, the formation of personal values ​​is associated with the dynamics of awareness processes (different types of verbalization) and cognitive efforts in relation to one's own semantic sphere (setting priorities and proximity to one's "I"). "This formation includes at least two components - the formation of personal meanings themselves and the formation of personal values."

Leontiev D.A. notes that, despite the many definitions of "value", there is a great ambiguity in understanding what is meant by this term. In one of his works, the author conducts a theoretical analysis of various definitions to identify a common space in which such a “multidimensional object” of research as “value” could be located. He identifies a number of theoretical views on the nature of values ​​that exist in the form of oppositions: values ​​as concrete objects that surround a person and satisfy his needs, or some kind of abstract entity; have a purely individual existence, or initially have a supra-individual nature; the ontological or sociological nature of supra-individual values ​​(these are entities of a special nature that exist objectively, but according to special laws that are different from the laws of the material world, or, they are a social “product” belonging to communities of various sizes); whether to understand values ​​as standards and norms or as life goals, ideals and meanings; whether individual values ​​have an effective force only as conscious formations or whether they function regardless of their awareness by the subject. When analyzing the last opposition, the author adheres to the point of view that values ​​function regardless of the degree of awareness, which, of course, does not change the position that values ​​can also exist as conscious beliefs or ideas. Such conscious values ​​Leontiev D.A. and calls it value orientations, noting the ambiguous, complex relationship that may exist between declared value orientations and real values ​​that encourage activity. As the author notes, the discrepancy between real and declared values ​​is due to the difficulty of understanding them, caused by the presence of a large number of value ideas that reflect both the subject's own values ​​and the values ​​of other people, small groups in which he is included. Also, the discrepancy may be due to insufficient structuring of the subject's value system, poorly developed ability to reflect, the action of various mechanisms of psychological protection and stabilization of self-esteem Leontiev D.A. The inner world of the individual. / Psychology of personality in the works of domestic psychologists. St. Petersburg: Peter, - 2000. - S. 373. . The author identifies three main forms of existence of values: social ideals, objectively embodied values ​​and personal values. Social or public ideals are values ​​developed by public consciousness and present in it as generalized ideas about perfection in a particular area of ​​public life. Objectively embodied values ​​are objectified forms of the existence of values ​​that exist in the form of the material and spiritual culture of mankind. Value ideals can only be realized through human activity, being embodied either through action, i.e. the process of activity itself, or by means of a work, i.e. creation of an objectified product of activity. Personal values ​​are components of the inner world of the individual; they set the direction for the transformation of reality in accordance with the "model of what should be", ideal chosen by the individual. Moreover, personal value has an "effective force", acts as a motivating factor, regardless of its awareness by the subject. Value orientations, which are conscious personal values, are not considered by the author as the main form of existence of values ​​in connection with the problem of their adequate representation in consciousness. Leontiev D.A. defines value as “a more or less conscious ideal model of the proper (desirable), reflecting the experience of the life of the social community, appropriated and internalized by the subject in the process of his participation in social practice, indicating the direction of the desired transformation of reality by the subject and acting as an immanent source of life meanings, which are objects and phenomena reality is acquired in the context of due, the meaning-forming function of personal values ​​is manifested both in situations of motive formation - the choice of the direction of actual activity - and in the generation of other semantic structures. Leontiev D.A. The inner world of the individual. / Psychology of personality in the works of domestic psychologists. St. Petersburg: Peter, - 2000. - S. 375.

So, personal values ​​are characterized as stable, extra-situational, generalized motivational formations - the "ideal model of what should be", - the function of which is to indirectly stimulate activity through the generation of concrete - situational motives that are relevant to a particular activity. At the same time, their motivating power does not depend on the fact of awareness (unconsciousness) by the subject. Value orientations - a system of fixed attitudes of the individual, characterized by a selective attitude of the individual to values. Value orientations are characterized by awareness, stability, positive emotional coloring, and varying degrees of motivation for activity. Value orientations determine the nature of the relationship of the individual with the surrounding reality, as well as the behavior of the individual, determining the choice of the method of behavior and acting as one of the criteria on the basis of which the decision is made. In addition to the regulatory role, value orientations also play an organizing and guiding role. Value orientations reveal themselves in a certain direction of consciousness and behavior. According to most authors, value orientations are values ​​that act as some final, ideal goals that an individual strives for. Value orientations make it possible to make a decision in a situation of choice.

2.2 Choice of value orientations by students

Modern Russian society is in the process of significant socio-economic and political changes, the creation of qualitatively new economic conditions for life, the formation of fundamentally new social relations. Over the past few years, the structure of society and the social status of most of its members have changed qualitatively. The key problems of its development were the problems of property and social inequality, differentiation of different socio-economic groups, material well-being, spiritual values.

The changes taking place in the political, economic, spiritual spheres of society in the last decade entail radical changes in the psychology, value orientations and actions of people. To a greater extent, these processes are reflected in the formation of the value structure of the younger generation, since the value priorities that are currently being formed are becoming the basis for the formation of a new social structure of Russian society. The inevitable reassessment of values ​​in the conditions of breaking the established foundations, their crisis is most manifested in the minds of young people as a social group.

Therefore, the study of value orientations, life priorities of modern students is very important, since it makes it possible to find out the degree of its adaptation to new social conditions and innovative potential. The future state of society largely depends on what value foundation will be formed among the younger generation.

In January - April 2005, a group of sociologists conducted an empirical study of the structure of students' values ​​as a special stratification group.

The study involved 105 people. The result of this study was the following empirical data. The percentage of value types is characterized by the following ratio: for students, to a greater extent (41%), orientation towards the values ​​of adaptation (survival, security, order, health, material wealth), reflecting the focus on eliminating anxiety about physical and economic security, on maintaining what has been achieved . The share of value-oriented socialization (family, career, social recognition) is somewhat less (39.1%). 18% of respondents belong to the intermediate type. A small percentage (1.9%) classified as an individualizing type (self-realization, freedom, tolerance). Social transformations in Russia: theories, practices. Comparative analysis. / Ed. V.A. Yadov. M.: Sotsium, - 2005. - S. 94.

The data obtained as a result of the study confirm the differences between modern Russian society and Western society described by many authors, which consist in a much greater orientation of Russians towards basic material values, which is associated with the unstable state of the country's economy. Despite the fact that the percentage of those classified as an individualizing type (self-realization, freedom, tolerance) is low (1.9%), nevertheless, it corresponds to the ideas of A. Maslow that about 1% of the total population can be attributed to self-actualizing personalities. any society. There. P. 98. In the system of values, health, love, a happy family life, a financially secure life, self-confidence, an active active life occupy the highest rank of significance. Values ​​such as the beauty of nature and art, the happiness of others, creativity, entertainment, knowledge, social recognition occupy the last places in the hierarchy of values.

The leading ranks in the general system of values-goals are mainly occupied by individual values ​​(health, financially secure life, active active life, self-confidence), as well as specific life values. At the bottom of the hierarchy of the studied student group are passive values ​​(beauty of nature and art, knowledge), interpersonal relationship values ​​(happiness of others), abstract values ​​(creativity, knowledge), individual values ​​(entertainment).

Consequently, the most significant in the system of values ​​are the values ​​of personal life: health (as a standard, common value passed down from generation to generation), love, a happy family life, as well as the values ​​of individualization: financially secure life, self-confidence, active active life.

The leading ranks in the hierarchy of instrumental values ​​form four blocks of values:

1) ethical values ​​(good manners, cheerfulness);

2) values ​​of professional self-determination (responsibility);

3) individual values ​​(independence);

4) intellectual values ​​(education).

At the level of individual priorities (specific actions), the most significant are such values ​​as independence, achievement, hedonism (enjoyment or sensual pleasure).

The least significant at the level of normative ideals are such values ​​as traditions, universalism, stimulation (excitement and novelty). At the level of individual priorities, such values ​​as traditions, conformity, and power are of the least importance.

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Moscow Institute of Humanities and Economics

Tver branch

Faculty of Law

By discipline: "Sociology"

Values ​​and value orientations of youth

Completed by: Ksenia Kuptsova

Student group U-462

Introduction

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The problem of value orientations of young people in a reformed society, their structure and dynamics remains invariably relevant throughout the existence of sociology in general, and the sociology of youth in particular. This problem takes on a special significance in the conditions of socio-economic and spiritual-cultural transformation of Russia's superethnic societies, caused by the situation transitional transition, accompanied by a radical reassessment political and economic values.

In our time, the question of the value orientations of modern Russian society and, in particular, youth is acute. Youth is a new generation, which should become a replacement for their parents and a support for society and the state. In today's transitional situation, significant attention should be paid to youth as a natural environment for the formation of the future and the elite of the state. Today's youth is making its historical choice.

The future state of society largely depends on what value potential will be formed. Value is social in nature and is formed only at the level of social community…. Formed in the process of activity, individual value values ​​are social, collective phenomena.

The study of the value orientations of young people makes it possible to identify both the direction of further development and the degree of adaptation of students to new social conditions and its innovative potential.

An analysis of the values ​​of young people is of fundamental importance for studying the evolution of the spiritual world of a given socio-demographic group and the social relations into which it is integrated in the process of socialization. The value orientations of young people express not only the personal interests and needs of young people, but also their attitude towards society and its problems. The study of value orientations makes it possible to adjust values ​​in the right direction. The value orientations of boys and girls serve as a kind of indicator of the development of society. Therefore, it is important that at this stage of socialization, young people should form “normal” values ​​that do not contradict the interests of society, which will remain fairly stable in the future.

Taking into account the dynamics of the value orientations of modern youth is a necessary prerequisite for an effective youth policy, without their knowledge, without knowledge of what worries young people today, whether they believe in anything, one cannot count on success.

1. The concept of value and value orientation

Values ​​are generally accepted ideas of people regarding goals and ways to achieve them, which prescribe certain socially accepted ways of behavior. They form the basis of moral principles. Each social system establishes its own system of social values. Awareness and assimilation of values ​​is carried out in the process of primary socialization of the individual. After that, they remain fairly stable, undergoing significant changes only during periods of crisis in a person's life and his social environment. Value orientations form the attitude of the subject of activity, which largely determines the direction of the individual's social behavior in his daily activities. They perform an integrative role in society, forming the most stable backbone of the social system. Emphasize individual and social values. The former regulate the behavior of the individual in everyday life, the latter - his value priorities in relation to the development of society.

Values ​​act as symbols of the integration of people into the human community. Thus, the value of "being Russian" integrates people into Russian society, the value of "being Chinese" into Chinese society, the value of "being a Christian" into Christian society. Values ​​are divided into integrating - those that basically consolidate the behavior of subjects, and differentiating - those that separate subjects, revealing their specificity and peculiarity in behavior.

In modern concepts of sociology, value is usually understood as any rational goal of consciousness, the pursuit of which fills this goal with meaning. A special place in this sense is occupied by the concept of "personal meaning" ... The fact is that a change in socio-economic conditions leads to a change in human life. At the same time, human activity does not historically change its general structure, but the ratio of goals and motives of activity does change. The function of motives is that they, as it were, “evaluate” the vital importance for the subject of objective circumstances, give them a personal meaning, which performs a regulatory function and is determined by the connection between the object or phenomenon and the motives and values ​​of the subject. In a personal sense, not only the significance itself, its emotional sign and quantitative measure is reflected, but also the meaningful connection of the object and phenomenon with specific motives, needs and values. In other words, value only becomes such when it is filled with meaning.

In sociology, values ​​represent a kind of prism through which one can understand the essence of the processes taking place in a particular social system, reveal their latent content and direction of functioning, ”because the system of value orientations can be used to judge the nature of the development of social relations, the prospects for the development of society. Sociology is interested in value orientations, first of all, as a determining factor in the regulation of social interactions. In this understanding, values ​​are considered as the main element of culture, the basis of the value-normative mechanism of social regulation of the behavior of groups and communities.

A change in social values ​​from the outside turns into a reassessment of values ​​from the inside, a change in the personal meaning of objects and phenomena is possible either by rethinking their place and role in the life of the subject, including them in a wider context of semantic connections with more diverse motives, needs and values, or as a result of restructuring the motives themselves and values.

2. Characteristics of modern youth as a social stratum of society

Every historical era had its own ideals and values. For example, in Orthodox Rus' there was faith, in the Russian Empire the tsar was the ideal of a person, in Soviet times there were such values ​​as work, comradeship, respect for elders, mutual assistance.

Currently, modern society is in a very difficult position. After the change of political regime, the country has not come to its senses yet. All foundations were shaken, value orientations were lost, spiritual and moral ideals disappeared. In search of new ideals, we lose our traditions and foundations and begin to destroy ourselves. We do not see the point in our existence, so we do not notice how we gradually disappear.

Modern youth goes through its formation in very difficult conditions of breaking many old values ​​and forming new social relations. Hence confusion, pessimism, disbelief in the present and future.

Some live in the past, listening to the stories of elders about the wonderful time when all problems were supposedly successfully solved. Others, on the contrary, behave aggressively towards all innovations, criticize everything and everyone. Still others, in despair, go nowhere, get drunk, use drugs, turn into homeless people, take the path of crime. Fourth start looking way to God , join "false-religious" sects of various kinds, are fond of mysticism and witchcraft. Fifth, realizing that only with the help of one's own activity one can achieve success in life, they are looking for ways to solve problems that arise. Therefore, young people are left to themselves in all respects. In our time, public opinion on certain actions on the part of the younger generation does not have the power and influence, as, for example, 40 years ago. Therefore, young people have no prohibitions. They learn from their own mistakes.

A vivid example can be given as a pioneer organization during the Soviet era. Every teenager should have been a pioneer. Those who did not belong to it and did not wear a red tie were considered hooligans and were not approved by society. This organization disciplined and educated the younger generation. The children were busy with social work.

Now we have the younger generation left to their own devices. Parents are at work, and teenagers, if they are not busy in any circle, then they have a lot of free time that they spend on a computer or on something else that is not very useful. As a result, not knowing what to do, what to do, informal movements are formed, a couple having a bad influence on young minds.

If we analyze the literature and the media in the 90s of the last century and the beginning of the 2000s, there was a time of crisis in the country. Addictions such as drug addiction, alcoholism, and smoking began to pick up pace sharply. Among young people it was considered prestigious.

Now the trend is reversed. Many young people go in for sports, especially new sports (skateboard, snowboard, cycling). A person who plays sports deserves respect. But basically, the sediment of that "troubled" time remained. Now, however, despite these gaps, if you go down the street you can see a lot of drinking companies wandering around the streets doing nothing.

valuable material moral youth

3. The main groups of value orientations of modern youth

The system of value orientations has a dynamic, mobile character. In the modern theory of value orientations, the entire system is divided into three large groups. They, in accordance with the triad of "eternal values" - Truth, Goodness, Beauty - are divided into rational ones; spiritual and humanitarian; material and economic.

1)Material and economic value orientations.

This type of values ​​today is distributed along the axis "planned economy - market economy". The choice on it is determined by the economic status of a person, his belonging to a particular social group, economically active or economically passive. If a particular social group is an economically dependent part of society and needs state support, it is extremely interested in state management of the economy and in the development of the public sector of the economy and supports the idea of ​​a socially oriented economy. Economically active subjects and communities are confident in the need to develop market relations and economic independence.

Since young people are an economically dependent part of society and need the full support of the state, they are extremely interested in state management of the economy and in the development of the public sector of the economy. Being the object of guardianship by the state, she stands up for a socially oriented economy. However, the paternalistic and, to some extent, infantilistic moods are being replaced by an awareness of the need, first of all, for personal efforts. However, on the other hand, young people, being a revolutionary and reformist part of society, are confident in the need to develop market relations, whose principles are inseparable from the principles of economic independence. Since economic independence is the basis of political independence and the guarantee of political freedoms, students are most actively in favor of the liberalization of the economy.

Modern Russian youth shows great interest in knowledge and education in the hope of a possible adequacy of material rewards for knowledge and skills realized in the professional field. The most important life orientation of young people is material security. On the other hand, there is a phenomenon of an exaggerated desire to have material goods, which is not supported by an equivalent desire to create these goods.

In the distribution of value orientations in the economic sphere, there is a bifurcation, there is a clear contradiction in the life attitudes of students. The closeness of the two positions (life comfort, success is possible, first of all, thanks to one's own efforts, entrepreneurship; but at the same time, the importance of getting to know the right people, the help of influential people is emphasized) is a reflection in the minds of young people of the specifics of the Russian economy, which eclectically combines the principles of two different economic models . The spirit of entrepreneurship, characteristic of a market economy, bizarrely coexists with the bureaucratic "connection market", which determines the ways and means of obtaining, acquiring material, status, professional benefits and values.

Young people believe that market relations have expanded the possibilities of the individual in terms of cultural identification, destroying the ideological dictate, undermining the power of traditions and giving scope for the formation of a wide range of ideas and value orientations. However, the realization of the opportunities provided by the market directly depends on the available material resources. Most young people intend to try their hand at business, or at least get into the private sector of the economy. At the same time, there is a nihilistic attitude towards the state, officials, political, financial and other elites everywhere. Many students claim that after graduating from the institute, they will not work in their specialty and consider the level of income as the only criterion for future activity.

Of particular importance is the fact that the new generation is learning to "make" money in a "wild" market, along with the market way of life in its worst form, absorbs all its inherent features: aggressiveness, moral nihilism, disrespect for the law, contempt for the creative labor.

) Spiritual and humanitarian value orientations are traditionally divided into individually oriented or ethical and collectively oriented or political value orientations.

Ethical value orientations among young people are distributed along the vertical axis "utilitarianism - spirituality" and the horizontal axis "collectivism - individualism".

IN Currently, the public consciousness of Russia professes a philosophy according to which a person must follow the natural (and even worse understood - spontaneous) laws of nature and society (in particular and, above all, in the economy) as the highest manifestation of wisdom and the absence of a social ideal. Abandoned to the mercy of fate, young people are looking for an ideal on their own.

The collectivist orientation of young people is weak and is associated with the general democratism of the student community, and their individualization is determined by the elitism of higher education and its specialty, peculiarity and uniqueness.

Among the new phenomena in the field of ethical value orientations, the return to religiosity, withdrawn from the public sphere in the USSR, stands out. However, there are some nuances here - turning to religion often has the character of a fashion, and so far we are talking about a kind of psychological religiosity as a certain state of mind (faith in God) and ritual traditional religiosity that practically does not manifest itself.

Modern Russian young people are apolitical people. During perestroika and the first post-perestroika periods, there was an opinion among democrats that democratization processes would lead to a sharp increase in the political activity of young people. However, in many respects the reverse process took place: the interest of the youth masses, including students, in politics fell sharply. A common phenomenon in this environment is the lack of mature political assessments and judgments, the existing value orientations.

) Rational-value orientations are based on the limitation of the meanings of value objects by the subject and are divided into subjective-rational and objective-rational orientations.

Subjective-rational orientations, as a rule, are based on idealistic views, in which a person is autonomous, independent of external factors, on the values ​​of freedom. The ultimate poles of the subjectivist theory of values ​​are value individualism, economic self-sufficiency and political independence.

Objectively rational orientations are based on a realistic and collective understanding of human nature, on the fact that a person is an integral part of a social team, a set of social relations.

The most urgent problems of youth are connected with the spiritual and moral sphere of being: the lack of worldview foundations for the sense-orientation and socio-cultural identification of young people; the destruction of the mechanism of continuity of generations due to the general disintegration of culture, the erosion of its value foundations and traditional forms of public morality; a decrease in the interest of young people in the national culture, its history, traditions, in the bearers of national identity; the decline in the prestige of education as a way of social adaptation, cultural continuity and a form of personal self-realization; low activity of young people in solving national, regional and local problems.

The end of the twentieth century in Russia became a time not only for the transformation of basic social institutions and new social differentiation, but also for a noticeable evolution of the Russian mentality. The desire of young people for economic independence, autonomy, and independence is growing, but the importance of the parental family is growing, and dependence on it is increasing. V.T. Lisovsky argues that the crisis in Russian society has given rise to a special non-traditional conflict of generations. In Russia, he dealt with the philosophical, ideological, spiritual foundations of the development of society and man, basic views on the economy and man, the material life of society. The generation of "fathers" found itself in a position where the transfer of material and spiritual heritage to successors is practically absent. At the same time, when analyzing the dynamics of student youth's value orientations, it is necessary to take into account the operation of two mechanisms - continuity and variability. Changing social conditions, changing social guidelines lead to the fact that the mechanism of reproduction of value orientations ceases to be the leading one, giving way to adaptation mechanisms.

Conclusion

Our life today is marked by global changes in society, public consciousness, and our future depends on our current choice of development paths.

Having analyzed the concepts of "values" and "value orientations", it should be noted that if the first of them (values) belongs to the categorical apparatus of sociology, then the second (value orientations) belongs to sociology and social psychology. That is, value orientations are to a greater extent a proper sociological concept, therefore, it is precisely its phenomena that, first of all, are subject to study in sociology. Youth, as a special socio-demographic group, is constantly in the focus of research by sociologists, since it is they who are a sensitive indicator of the changes that are taking place and determine the potential for the development of society as a whole. The effectiveness of measures that are developed in the field of education, in the field of work and employment largely depends on how well the world of values ​​of modern youth, their attitudes, life plans are studied. Without understanding the society in which young people live, one cannot understand young people and their specific problems.

It should be noted that young people need to be given independence, because without it they will not be able to form as individuals. The contradiction between the emerging self-awareness of the individual and the degree of readiness of society to accept it and promote its further self-development is one of the most fundamental contradictions of social life, associated with the desire to maintain stability and at the same time to constant self-renewal. The ability for such renewal depends on how this or that public organization takes into account the real needs and interests of young people. Their future and the future of society as a whole depend on the values ​​of today's youth, therefore it is important to instill such socially useful values ​​that are eternal, that existed in previous times. And distrust of youth, its values ​​is a distrust of one's future.

So, we can agree with domestic researchers that the opinion so widespread today about the commercialism of modern youth, its pragmatism, is due to the fact that young people who articulate these values ​​represent a not very numerous, but very active, purposeful and daring part of the new generation, capable of thinking and acting. not like the generation of parents. It should be noted that such behavior of young people is a response to the challenges of the time. Therefore, it is necessary to see the most important social resource in today's youth.

Bibliography

1.Bakirov V., Rushchenko I. Youth: needs and opportunities / V. Bakirov, I. Rushchenko // Sovrem. about. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 94-104.

2.Borinstein E.R. The system of value orientations of the individual in the conditions of socio-cultural transformation / E.R. Borinshtein // Facets. - 2012. - No. 3. - S. 95-100.

.Golovaty N.F. Sociology of Youth: A Course of Lectures. - K.: MAUP, 2010. - 224 p.

.Donskikh O.A. Transformation of value orientations / O.A. Donskikh // Philosophy of education. - 2013. - No. 2. - S. 121-127.

.Kovaleva A.I., Lukov V.A. Sociology of Youth: Theoretical Issues. - M.: Sotsium, 2011. - 351 p.

.Lisovsky V.T. Sociology of Youth: Textbook. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, 2012. - 460 p.

.Naumova N.F. Sociological and psychological aspects of purposeful behavior. - M., 2011. - 320 p.

.Petrov A.V. Value preferences of youth: diagnostics and trends of changes / A.V. Petrov // Sociol. research - 2013. - No. 2. - S. 83-90.

Tags: Values ​​and value orientations of youth Abstract Sociology

VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF MODERN YOUTH

The article attempts to determine the value system of today's youth on the basis of the study. The authors compare the categories of values ​​and human capital.

Keywords: modern youth, value orientations

At present, the value system of Russian youth differs significantly from the values ​​of past generations. The value orientations of young people are formed under the influence of two main aspects. The first of them is the spiritual content, which is manifested in moral attitudes, humanism, philanthropy. The second aspect, which influences the value orientations of young people, has become more relevant in recent decades - individualism, the frequent predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones. In the life of modern youth, the main priorities are: a successful career, family, friendships, building useful connections, the opportunity to realize oneself in creativity or one's hobbies. Semenov V.E., on the basis of his research, highlights the main life values ​​of modern youth: family, friends and health, interesting work, money and justice (the value of the latter value is currently increasing). Religious faith closes the seven main life values. In other words, the value orientations of modern youth are the creation of a family, health care, the formation and development of human capital. In the most generalized form, human capital is a set of knowledge, skills, health, etc., which allow a person through investments to receive higher incomes in the future.

Youth is a special social and age group, which is in the process of formation and development, facing the choice of professional and life path. In the process of a person's personal development, over time, his internal driving forces become more important, allowing him to more independently determine the tasks and direction of his activity, namely his value orientations. They act as a regulator and mechanism for the development and behavior of the individual, determining the form of achieving the goals.

Value orientations are beliefs shared in society regarding the goals that people should strive for and the main means of achieving them. Value is often called what has the greatest significance for a person, what we are willing to pay the highest price for. The philosophical approach defines value orientations as the main axis of consciousness, which ensures the stability of the individual, the continuity of a certain type of behavior and activity, and is expressed in the direction of needs and interests. Considering the value orientations of modern youth, we can conclude that some of them occupy a certain place in the structure of human capital. For example: quality education is a component of human capital, as well as one of the values ​​of modern youth, since it is quality education that guarantees youth employment after graduation.

The value system of an individual and various social groups is the foundation of the stability of society as a whole. For example: moral values ​​act as personal constraints on the behavior of each person individually and of society as a whole. Material value orientations induce a person to action, to development. And if people develop, then the whole society develops. Therefore, the presence of value orientations of individuals and various groups acts as a guarantor of the development and stability of society. The value orientations of young people reflect the actual values ​​of a certain society, which are directly related to the prospective development of its general economic and cultural level. That is why now much attention is paid to the value system of modern youth, because. it is she who is the future of our society.

To determine the value system of modern youth, we conducted a survey among students of some universities of the Far East (Amur State University named after Sholom Aleichem, Birobidzhan, Pacific State University, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk - on - Amur State Technical University). A total of 56 people took part in the survey, among them 64.2% (36 people) were girls and 35.8% (20 people) were young people. Age limits of the respondents: 17-25 years. Table 1 presents the questions of the questionnaire and the proposed answers.

social value youth society

Table 1

definition of the value system of modern youth

1. What do you understand by the term "value orientations"? provide ONE answer.	A. reflection in the mind of a person of the values ​​​​recognized by him as strategic life goals and general worldview guidelines B. this is a stable attitude to the totality of material and spiritual goods, values, ideals, causing a person to strive to achieve them and serving as a guide in his behavior and actions B. preferences and aspirations of an individual or group in relation to certain generalized human values ​​(welfare, health, comfort, knowledge, civil liberties, creativity, work, etc.)
2. Arrange in order of importance to you the following values:	A. material (money, wealth) B. spiritual (creativity) B. social (family, friends)
3. What do you think will help you achieve success in the future? Please provide ONE answer.	A. useful acquaintances B. personal qualities (human capital) B. creativity D. other (specify YOUR answer or DEFINITELY ANSWER)

As a result of the survey, we (for each question) revealed the following:

• 1. Among the total number of respondents, the majority (46.6% - 26 people) agreed with the following definition of value orientations: a reflection in the mind of a person of values ​​recognized by him as strategic life goals and general worldview guidelines. The smallest number of respondents (21.4% - 12 people) chose the third answer option and the definition of value orientations as the preferences and aspirations of an individual or group in relation to certain generalized human values ​​(welfare, health, comfort, knowledge, civil liberties, creativity, work, etc.). . P.).
• 2. Arranging the importance of material, spiritual, social values, the respondents answered differently, but the general result is as follows: the majority of respondents put spiritual values ​​in the first place in importance (50% - 28 people), material values ​​(30.4% - 17 people) in the second place , the third place was occupied by social values ​​(19.6% - 11 people).
• 3. Among the total number of respondents, the majority (57.1% - 32 people) felt that their personal qualities would help them achieve success in the future. The smallest number of respondents (16% - 9 people) noted that only useful contacts will help them succeed in the future.

In general, the results of the survey showed that today's youth, for the most part, perceives value orientations as certain goals, what they want to achieve, sometimes what they want to possess. Whether it's family, work or success in creativity. After analyzing the statements of the respondents, we ranked the types of values ​​they proposed, we saw that young people are interested not only in money and material goods, as many people sometimes think. More important than material values ​​were spiritual, such as faith, creativity. As for success, today's youth believes that the personal qualities and creativity of the youth themselves will help to achieve it most of all.

Bibliographic list

• 1. Kuzmina N.G. Formation and use of human capital at the regional level (on the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region) [Text]: dis. cand. economy Sciences: 08.00.05. M.: RSL, 2007. 181 p.
• 2. Semenov V. E. Value orientations of modern youth // Sociological research. 2007. No. 4. S. 37.
• 3. Dictionary / Ed. M.Yu. Kondratiev // Psychological Lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed.-sost. L.A. Karpenko. Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M.: PER SE, 2006. 176 p.
• 4. Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. M., 1989. 732 p.