Garshin V., fairy tale "Attalea princeps"
Genre: literary fairy tale
The main characters of the fairy tale "Attalea princeps" and their characteristics
- Attalea princeps, a huge southern palm. Proud and brave, freedom-loving, resolute, disobedient.
- Little grass. Weak, defenseless, kind, knows how to support a friend.
- Greenhouse director. Arrogant, proud, boastful.
- Big greenhouse
- beautiful palm
- Brazilian and native name
- plant spores
- Palm Solution
- little weed
- broken glass
- Frost and snow
- End of palm and little grass
- Various southern plants grew in a large greenhouse, among them the huge Attalea princeps
- The Brazilian called the palm tree by another, native name, but the director said that it was correct to call it in Latin.
- Attalea decided to grow up to the windows and be free.
- All plants condemned her and only a small grass at the roots supported her.
- Attalea broke through the windows and began to freeze under the snow, and the director ordered to saw her
- Along with the palm tree, a small grass was also thrown away.
The fight for freedom can be better than freedom itself.
What does the fairy tale "Attalea princeps" teach
The fairy tale teaches you to always strive for freedom, teaches you not to give up and not to submit to circumstances. Teaches that bondage cannot be good. It teaches that even a brief moment of freedom will be better than centuries spent in prison. It teaches that in the dispute of the great, the small and defenseless often suffer.
Feedback on the fairy tale "Attalea princeps"
I liked this story, despite its sad ending. But life doesn't always end well. The proud palm tree longed for freedom, but it turned out that freedom brings death to it. The palm died in vain in disappointment. But even more sorry for the little grass, which dreamed of just hearing about freedom, but died along with the palm tree.
Proverbs to the fairy tale "Attalea princeps"
Seven times measure cut once.
When you take your head off your hair, you don't cry.
The will of a bird is more precious than a golden cage.
Will destroys, captivity exhausts.
Every blacksmith of his own happiness.
Read the summary, a brief retelling of the tale "Attalea princeps"
In one large city there was a botanical garden and its pride was a greenhouse made of glass and iron. Wide metal-framed windows let a lot of light into the greenhouse, it was warm and humid there.
Plants from distant hot southern countries grew in the greenhouse, and they were cramped in the greenhouse, despite all its huge size. They collided with branches, broke each other's leaves, intertwined roots and robbed each other of moisture.
In winter, the greenhouse was covered with snow and then it became dark in it. Sometimes gusts of wind shattered glass, and where cold jets of wind and hoarfrost fell, the leaves shrank and withered.
One palm tree grew taller and more beautiful in the greenhouse. The director called her Attalea in Latin, but she also had another name that no one knew.
One day, a Brazilian came to the greenhouse and, seeing a palm tree, called it by its native name. The director dryly corrected him, but the Brazilian said that scientists gave this name to the palm tree, but in his homeland it is called differently.
He stood, clinging to the trunk of a palm tree and she reminded him of his home. He remembered that he had traveled to many countries, but nowhere was he as happy as in his native Brazil. And the next day he boarded the ship and sailed home.
After that, the palm tree became quite lonely. She was taller than other plants and they considered her too proud. And the palm tree was closest to the windows and often saw the sky, albeit a stranger, but just as blue. She silently yearned, listening to the conversations of her neighbors.
The sago palm was worried about watering as it loved moisture. Her words surprised the cactus, which needed very little water, but it was still juicy and pot-bellied. Cinnamon was glad that no one would rip her off here. And the tree fern said that for some, even this prison seems like paradise, compared to the conditions in which they lived in the wild.
And Attalea urged the plants not to quarrel, but rather to try all together and squeeze out these damned glasses in order to go free.
Other plants began to object that it would not work anyway, that gardeners would come and close up the windows, and cut them off. But Attalea proudly replied that she would still break free.
And the sago palm quietly said that she would then look at how the proud woman would be cut off her head.
Only one small and nondescript herb, which was used in the greenhouse to cover the ground, listened to Attalea and thought she was right. She affectionately wrapped around the mighty trunk of a palm tree and sent her words of love and support. The little grass said that she would never see the sky, because she was too small, but she knew that there were beautiful trees in the wild - pines and firs, and that Attalea could grow and break through to the top.
Attalea called for the grass to grow on her trunk to leave together, but the grass refused, saying that it was too weak. She only asked not to forget the palm tree about her little friend.
And Attalea began to grow. Visitors to the greenhouse were amazed at the mighty tree, and the director was proud and attributed the growth of the palm tree to his cares. The palm trembled as he tapped the trunk with his cane and grew.
And then her leaves touched the glass. The plants below were agitated.
Another month passed and Attalea ran into thick frames. Its top was washed away, leaves and branches broke, but Attalea did not spare them. She stubbornly pressed on the grate and the metal bars began to give way.
The little grass below felt sorry for her and asked if it would be better to retreat, because the palm tree was in such pain. But Attalea angrily interrupted her and demanded to be silent, she dreamed of dying or freeing herself.
And then there was a sharp crack, the iron strip burst and shards of glass fell on the headmaster's hat. He ran outside and looked up. Above the conservatory rose the top of a palm tree, which now straightened up.
And Attalea was disappointed. It was late autumn, it was raining with snow, the wind was driving low clouds. The trees around were already bare and only pines and firs were green. They seemed to be telling the palm tree that it would freeze, that it did not know what frost was.
Attalea froze and realized that it was all over for her. There was dirt and dullness around, and she could no longer return to the greenhouse.
And the director decided to cut down the palm tree. He ordered the gardeners to cut it to the very root and the saws grabbed a small grass that wrapped around the trunk of a tree. Then the director pulled out a whole bunch of this grass and threw it out into the street, right on the trunk of a dead palm tree, lying in the mud and already half covered with snow.
Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "Attalea princeps"
Symbol and allegory in "Attalea princeps" by V.M. Garshin.
"Attalea princeps" is an allegorical story, called the first fairy tale written by Garshin. It should be noted that the author did not call this work a fairy tale, this definition was given by the publisher.
"Attalea princeps" was published in the first issue of the magazine "Russian wealth" for 1880. Initially, Garshin submitted the allegory to the journal Domestic Notes, but Saltykov-Shchedrin refused to publish it. Researchers interpret the motives for refusal in different ways: from unwillingness to arrange a political dispute on the pages of the magazine to rejection of the insufficiently revolutionary ending of the fairy tale.
Let's try to decipher the name of the fairy tale "Attalea princeps". As the researcher V. Fedotov points out, in “the philosophical meaning princeps means - the basic rule, the leading position, in the military meaning - the first ranks, the front line” [cit. according to 26]. Here the name can be interpreted as the first line, the avant-garde, the first attempt to fight for freedom.
On the other hand, the first part of the name is due to the botanical genus-species name. As indicated in the "Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words", "Attalea" "bot. palm tree with large feathery leaves growing in the tropics of America.
The second part of the title of the tale, princeps", has several meanings. First, translated from Latin,« princeps" stands for " first in order (princeps senatus first senator on the list). Close to this meaning is the second: “(by position) the first, noblest, most eminent, chief, head, main person” and the third: “sovereign, king” [cit. according to 33]. It should also be noted that during the Roman Empire, starting from the reign of Octavian Augustus, the title "Princeps of the Senate" meant emperor. Thus the title "Attalea princeps" can be reduced to the meaning "Queen of Palms".
The plot of the tale is that in the greenhouse of the botanical garden, among other exotic plants, the palm tree Attalea princeps grows. This is the name given to it by botanists. Her native, real name is pronounced only once by a compatriot of the palm, "Brazilian" (and it remains unknown to the reader).
The allegory in the fairy tale begins already with a description of the place of action - the greenhouse. This is a beautiful building, a fusion of glass and metal. But in essence it is prison. “Plants live in it, they are cramped, they are slaves, prisoners. Brought from hot countries, they remember their homeland and yearn for it. The author uses ambiguous epithets designed to prompt the reader to the correct reading: “prisoned trees”, “crampedness”, “iron frames”, “still air”, “cramped frames”. Thus, already at the beginning of the work, the theme of freedom and lack of freedom is declared.
The palm tree is burdened by life in the greenhouse: it is stuffy there, the roots and branches of plants are closely intertwined and constantly fight for moisture and nutrients.
The reader becomes a witness to a dispute between exotic plants about life in a greenhouse. Some are quite happy: the cinnamon is happy that “no one will rip it off” here, and the cactus even reproaches the sago palm for whims: “Is it really not enough for you that huge amount of water that is poured on you every day?” . But there are those who, like Attalea princeps, grumble: “But not all of us were ripped off,” said the tree fern. “Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.”
As B.V. Averin, “usually the meaning of this work is seen in the opposition of small, insignificant plants that have lost their desire for freedom, a freedom-loving palm tree. This is true, primarily because the author's sympathies are really on the side of the palm tree. But this point of view, sharpening the socio-political content of the work, overshadows its philosophical content, for the expression of which Garshin chooses an allegorical form. It is important for the writer that almost all points of view expressed by plants are fair and confirmed by practice.
Each of the plants is right in its own way, but their point of view is philistine, even if they are oppressed by the dull and stuffy present, they are not able to wish otherwise, but only sigh about the past.
Attalea, the tallest and most luxurious of the palms, sometimes sees through the glass "something blue: it was the sky, although alien and pale, but still a real blue sky." The homeland is perceived by the palm tree as something inaccessible, “becomes a symbol of the distant and beautiful Fatherland of the Soul, a symbol of unattainable happiness” [Cit. according to 22].
Absorbed by dreams of a real, living sun and a fresh breeze, the palm tree decides to grow up in order to break the hated metal frames, break the windows and be free. The main thing for Attalea is the desire for freedom. She calls the rest of the plants in the greenhouse to riot, but they think she's insane. And only a small grass, a native of the northern country in which the greenhouse is located, supports the palm tree and sympathizes with it. It is this sympathy that gives Attalea princeps strength. Palma gets her way, destroying the greenhouse fetters, is free. But outside the glass prison, deep autumn, rain and snow: “She had to stand in the cold wind, feel its gusts and the sharp touch of snowflakes, look at the dirty sky, at the impoverished nature, at the dirty backyard of the botanical garden, at the boring huge city, seen in the mist, and wait until the people down there in the greenhouse decide what to do with her.
The motive of non-freedom emphasizes the image of the director of the greenhouse, who "looked more like an overseer than a scientist:" he did not allow any disorder, "he sat in a special glass booth arranged in the main greenhouse." Concern for order makes him kill a living tree, striving for freedom. according to 22].
The ending of the tale is sad: the palm tree is cut down, and the grass that sympathizes with it is uprooted and thrown "on a dead palm tree, lying in the mud and already half covered with snow."
Andersen's influence is clearly felt in the fairy tale with his manner of transforming pictures of real life with fantasy, while often doing without magical miracles, the smooth flow of the plot and, of course, a sad ending. As V. Fedotov points out, “among the foreign writers, Garshin was especially fond of Dickens and Andersen. The influence of the latter's tales is felt in Garshin's tales not by plot moves, but by the tempo-rhythm of prose, intonation" [cit. according to 26].
Thus, allegory becomes the main artistic device used by the author to convey intentions (motive and purpose of creating a work that determine its meaning).
Radchenko A.N. Images-symbols in V. Garshin's fairy tale "Attalea Princeps" [Electronic resource] Access mode:
Skvoznikov V.D. Realism and romance in the works of V.M. Garshina // Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Dep. lit. and yaz. 1957. T. 16. Issue. 3.
Sokolova M. Romantic tendencies of critical realism in the 80s-90s (Garshin, Korolenko) // Development of realism in Russian literature: In 3 vols. M., 1974. T. 3.
Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L. P. Krysina M: Russian language, 1998.
Fedotov V. Reality and fairy tales of Garshin. [Electronic resource] Access mode:
Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. – M.: Sov. Encycl., 1989.
Shestakov V.P. Allegory // Philosophical Encyclopedia. – M.: Sov. Encycl., 1960.
Shubin E.A. The genre of the story in the literary process // Russian literature. 1965. No. 3.
Shustov M. P. Fairy tale tradition in Russian literature of the 19th century Nizhny Novgorod, 2003.
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron / under. ed. I.E. Andreevsky. T. 1. - St. Petersburg, 1890.
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron / under. ed. K.K. Arseniev and F.F. Petrushevsky. T. 19. - St. Petersburg, 1896.
Electronic Latin-Russian Dictionary. [Electronic resource] Access mode:
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Electronic literary dictionary [Electronic resource] Access mode:
Open lesson for 1 category
Theme: "Forward, to the light, to freedom, to the sky!" (according to the tale of V.M. Garshin "Attalea princeps")
Epigraph to the lesson: "Life has only the meaning that we give it"
T. Wilder
The purpose of the lesson: the formation of skills in meaningful, analytical reading, detailed and concise retelling of the text, the ability to find answers to the questions asked in the text.
Lesson objectives: Practicing independent reading skills
Development of students' creative abilities
Training on finding linguistic means of expression in the text
On the desk:
|
fairy tale hero |
Name of the fairy tale |
What difficulty did you encounter? |
Helpers (people or magic items) |
What quality did the hero show in overcoming difficulties? |
|
palm |
V.M. Garshin "Attalea princeps" |
Survival in unusual conditions, misunderstanding of others and their hostility, loneliness, homesickness and will, difficulties in achieving the goal |
A small creeping grass that grew at the foot of a palm tree |
The ability to defend one's positions, steadfastness, courage, determination, love of freedom, love for the motherland |
During the classes
1). A word about the writer. (student's message)
Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin is a famous Russian writer of the 19th century. You know his most famous fairy tale "The Traveling Frog" (1887). Also known are his fairy tales "That which was not", "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose". Garshin writes articles about painting, essays, poems, poems in prose. The writer participated in the Russian-Turkish war, where he went voluntarily. In battle, he was wounded, was an example of courage in attacks. Garshin is seriously interested in the natural sciences, especially botany - the science of plant life.
Garshin lived only 33 years. He died early, but in literature he remained one of the most cordial, philanthropic writers.
Love for nature and the desire for independence, love of freedom were reflected in his works, and above all in the fairy tale "Attalea princeps".
We studied the types of fairy tales in the lessons: folk tale and literary tale
What is a literary tale?
2). Components of a fairy tale:
The main compositional technique used by the author is contrast.
Fairy tale idea- desire for freedom.
Conflict- clash of different life positions.
climax“And then the palm tree began to grow. Grew up, spending all the juices to stretch out ... "
denouement“Go back under the roof again? She had to resist. The director ordered to cut it down. "A dead palm lying in the mud and half-covered with snow."
3). And now let's turn to the fairy tale "Attalea princeps".
At home, you were given the task to prepare a concise retelling of the episode, (work in groups)
4). Let's try to formulate questions that reveal the essence of the tale. To the questions asked, it is necessary to find and read the answers in the text.
|
Episodes |
Questions |
Answers |
|
1st episode |
1. What does the greenhouse look like? 2. How do you feel plants in the botanical |
Very beautiful large greenhouse made of iron and glass, twisted columns, patterned arches. In bright light, everything burned and shimmered like a precious stone. The greenhouse is the beauty and pride of the big city. Plants are prisoners. In the greenhouse they are cramped, stuffy: there is not enough moisture and food. Fenced off from the outside world, they painfully experienced their imprisonment. |
|
Conclusion, summary. A beautiful greenhouse is a dungeon (prison) for its inhabitants. |
||
|
2nd episode |
1. What is a greenhouse director? 2. How did the visiting guest (Brazilian) react to the palm tree? |
Botanist scientist. All the time he sits in a glass booth, working with a microscope. Does not tolerate disorder. He is interested in plants only from a scientific point of view, he does not know and does not want to know another name for the royal palm. He is just as fenced off from the outside world as his greenhouse. Very tenderly and touchingly, he called her by the name that was familiar to his country (palm princess). The palm tree reminded him of his homeland: “its sun and sky, its magnificent forests with wonderful animals and birds ...” He became sad because the palm tree grows in captivity and cannot board a ship like him and go home. |
Conclusion, summary.
Two characters - two characters. The director is a closed person, a slave and servant of science. He is a voluntary prisoner of his work - his whole life is regulated by science. The Brazilian is an open and sincere, compassionate person. These images are opposed to each other.
We have considered only two episodes, but you have already noticed that both of them are built on the same technique - on contrast (antithesis). On the one hand, a beautiful botanical garden, on the other - plant prisoners. And this technique helps the writer to create the image of a garden-dungeon, a garden-prison. The same technique in the second episode contrasted two worlds: the world of the director, limited by science, in which there is no place for living life, nature, and the world of a sensitive traveler, an open, sincere person.
Another technique used by the author is allegory- the image of a palm tree and its neighbors are endowed with human properties.
5). Conversation on questions
1. Can these episodes be called the main ones in the fairy tale? What function do they have in the text?
(No, they are not the main ones. They perform the function of a prelude, they are exposition to the development of the action in the story).
(In these episodes, information is given about the greenhouse, its inhabitants - plants, the director and a visitor from Brazil.).
Pay attention to the description of the greenhouse, the author uses a lot epithets to highlight her beauty. Read the description. (“Very beautiful: slender twisted columns, light patterned arches intertwined with a web of iron frames”).
Garshin emphasizes the beauty of the greenhouse metaphor: "When the sun went down, she was all on fire, the reflections played and shimmered, as if in a huge precious stone."
And now look at the main technique - the antithesis - in the next paragraph, the picture of what is happening inside this “precious stone” is clearly shown: “prisoned plants”, “roots took away moisture and food from each other”, “branches bent and broke the leaves of neighboring trees” , "the wind hummed", "the plants listened to the howl of the wind." personification helps us imagine what a terrible life these plants had.
2. Which of the episodes you retold is the main one? Why?
(An episode revealing the world of the inhabitants of the greenhouse, their conversation with the royal palm.)
Let's read this episode by roles.
3. How did we see the world of plants? Let us characterize each participant in the conversation, what they say about the desire of the palm tree to escape from the greenhouse to freedom.
sago palm- spiteful, irritated, arrogant, arrogant. (Let's see, let's see how they cut off your big head so that you don't get too conceited, proud girl.)
pot-bellied cactus- ruddy, fresh, juicy, satisfied with his life, soulless.
Cinnamon- hides behind the backs of other plants (“I am almost satisfied with my position, I am sure that no one will rip me off”), a disputer.
tree fern- in general, he is also satisfied with his position, but somehow faceless, not striving for anything. ("To many, even this prison may seem like a paradise after a miserable existence in the wild").
Fat cicada with barrel-like trunk- well adapted to this prison (“Now, if she managed to get fat like me. And what stretches, she still won’t do anything”).
And among them is the royal palm - lonely, but proud, freedom-loving, fearless
4. Why did the inhabitants of the greenhouse react negatively to the proposal of the palm tree to break free together? Why was her lofty aspirations for freedom, light called stupidity, nonsense, absurdity?
(They were frightened - fear was to blame for everything. They were frightened of a new life, frightened of light, air. Life in a dungeon is better than any freedom. Plants, seized with fear, cannot get out of the old, established norms of life. They do not even understand the very motive of the palm princess - for what does she want this freedom?
5. What conflict is depicted here?
(On the one hand, a proud palm tree, on the other, the inhabitants of the greenhouse. Reality and a dream. One opinion and another: leave everything as it is or break free?)
6. If we transfer this conflict to society, to people, what will we see?
(The indifference of the surrounding world to an individual, proud and freedom-loving.)
7. Who supported the palm princess in her quest for freedom?
(“Little, despicable grass” is an insignificant creature, they didn’t even notice it, their opinion was not taken into account. Look at what epithets Garshin uses to describe grass: the most pathetic, despicable, pale, she says about herself: “I am insignificant.” But, as it turned out, a big soul was hiding in a small creature. She not only supported the palm tree, but tightly wrapped around it, protected it, gave it strength. And this "despicable grass" turned out to be a real friend. In her image, the writer embodied the features of a fearless friend, ready come to the rescue at any time and, if necessary, even accept death together.)
8. Was the director right when he said that the palm tree is growing rapidly, gaining strength due to good care for it?
(The director rejoiced at the rapid growth of the palm and attributed it to his scientific achievements, because "such tall specimens" of the southern palm are "rarely found" in the wild. Therefore, his scientific approach to plants gives a good result, and he was extremely proud of this.)
9. You paid attention to the fact that the writer awards the same epithet to both the palm tree and the director - both of them are proud. What is the pride of the director and the pride of the palm?
(Pride - 1) self-esteem - 2) a sense of satisfaction from something - 3) arrogance, an excessively high opinion of oneself).
10. Which of these meanings do we apply to the royal palm, which - to the director?
(The pride of the palm tree is manifested in self-esteem, it does not change its decision, its desire to experience happiness in freedom. The director is proud of his scientific achievements, he speaks arrogantly to the Brazilian, he behaves as if he is always right, he does not allow a shadow doubts As you can see, the pride of the royal palm and the pride of the director are not the same thing.)
11. And, finally, the last question: why does the fairy tale end so sadly? And is this a fairy tale?
We have already paid attention to the fact that everything in this work is based on opposition, contrast. Find these contrasting lines.
Beautiful greenhouse - prisoner plants.
Images of the director and the Brazilian.
The inhabitants of the garden are the royal palm.
The pride of the director is the pride of the palm princess.
Dream and reality
These worlds are incompatible: the director does not understand the Brazilian visitor, does not know what feelings swarm in his soul; the inhabitants of the greenhouse, except for a small grass, do not understand the palm tree - why does it strive to break free? General alienation, deafness, misunderstanding. What is it like for a palm tree or a person in such a world? They are sad and dreary in this world, they are doomed to loneliness. Faced with a world of soullessness, alienation, general deafness, they can die. What happened to the royal palm.
6).Conclusion on the lesson.
What a fairy tale, you say. All fairy tales end with good triumphing over evil, and everyone is happy in the end. And this tale is about something completely different - it is about how lonely a person is in a world where there is no place for high ideals and aspirations. So, if this is a fairy tale, then it is a philosophical fairy tale, because it makes you think about the place of man in the world.
In addition, in the lesson we repeated the following literary terms and language means of expression:
A literary fairy tale is a fairy tale created by a writer.
An exposition is a prehistory of the events that underlie a work of art.
Conflict - a collision, struggle, on which the development of the plot in a work of art is built
The climax is the highest point of tension in the development of the action of the work.
Decoupling of action -
Antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.
Allegory is an allegorical depiction of an abstract concept with the help of a concrete, life image.
An epithet is an artistic, figurative definition.
Metaphor is the use of a word in a figurative sense based on the similarity in some respect of two objects or phenomena.
Personification is the endowment of an inanimate object with qualities or actions inherent in a person.
7) Homework. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic "In life, you can live in different ways." You need to express your attitude to the problem raised, argue it, based on the knowledge of the fairy tale.
Life can be lived in different ways:
In sorrow it is possible and in joy,
Eat on time, drink on time
Do stupid things right away.
And it's possible like this:
Get up at dawn
And, thinking of a miracle,
Reach out the sun with your bare hand
And give it to people.
A fairy tale is one of the genres of oral folk art. It is popular with people of all ages, because the works contain the great wisdom of the Russian people and reveal a variety of topics of friendship, love, courage, duty to the Fatherland. Therefore, it is not surprising that many writers created their own fairy tales, which are usually called literary, or author's.
The compilers of school programs pay enough attention to literary fairy tales, so schoolchildren have the opportunity to get acquainted with the best works of this genre, revealing the main literary topics.
One of the author's fairy tales, which is studied by schoolchildren and arouses their sincere interest, is "Attalea Princeps" by Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin.
Many children consider this work to be their favorite, because the topic that the author raises is close and understandable to many readers.
The work was written in the second half of the 19th century, but has not lost its relevance in the 21st century. The story is without a doubt magical. Garshin used a technique traditional for Russian folk fairy tales: giving human features to plants and animals. Heroes are endowed with the ability to think and talk.
The author focuses on the botanical garden and the large greenhouse made of glass and metal located in it. From the first lines, the reader understands the author's attitude towards the greenhouse and its employees. The plants that inhabited it were called prisoners, the greenhouse itself was called a prison, and the gardeners were called overseers. The theme of freedom finds its heroes.
The inhabitants of the greenhouse: sago palm, cactus, cinnamon, fern, cicada, Attalea princeps and other plants live in captivity, longingly remember their homeland and dream of freedom. They are all sad, but only the main character - the palm tree Attalea Princeps - decides to go beyond empty talk and resist fate. The turning point in her life is a meeting with a Brazilian, after which the palm tree realizes its loneliness and unenviable position among the other inhabitants of the greenhouse. The rest of the plants envy her growth and greatness, consider her proud.
The palm tree can only see the blue sky through the dirty glazing of the roof. But she never ceases to dream of seeing him live and feeling the breath of fresh wind. To make her dream come true, she decides to put all her strength into growth. It grows until its branches and leaves hit the ceiling and eventually make a hole in the roof.
Her act is courageous and stupid at the same time. She gains the long-awaited freedom, but the price for this is her life and the life of the grass growing at the roots of the tree.
The main difference between Garshin's fairy tale and folk tales is the tragic end. Readers are accustomed to the fact that in their favorite fairy tales, the hero goes through many trials and withstands them with honor. Next to him are heroes-assistants: animals, birds, people. And in the finale, good necessarily defeats evil, and the hero is reunited with his beloved. Not so with Garshin.
The palm tree is lonely in its desire for freedom, other plants turn away from it. Only a small grass growing nearby worries about her, and eventually dies. The last lines of the work reveal to the reader a sad picture of a felled palm tree, powdered with snow, and a small grass carelessly thrown from above. Freedom remains an unattainable dream.
It is easy to guess why many schoolchildren call "Attalea Princeps" their favorite literary fairy tale. Raising children in such a turbulent time is very difficult, dangers can lurk around every corner. Therefore, many parents unnecessarily protect their children, limit their freedom. And the theme of gaining freedom in spite of everything becomes for the younger generation not just a set of words and letters. It becomes personal.
Parents should trust their beloved children and allow them to make their own mistakes, because learning from the mistakes of others is easy only in theory, in practice it will be more effective to rely on your own life experience, albeit not always successful. Therefore, the essay on the topic “My favorite fairy tale” is dedicated to the work of V.M. Garshin, who tells the sad story of a freedom-loving palm tree.
IN . M . Garshin ."Attalea princeps." Tale of a proud and strong palm tree
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Goals:
Continue acquaintance with the literary tale on the example of the work of V. M. Garshin "Attalea princeps";
Help to understand the content of the tale and its main idea, to identify the moral problems of the tale;
To form moral ideals among students;
Develop the skills of analyzing a literary text, attentive attitude to the word.
Equipment:
Artistic text (textbook-reader V. Ya. Korovina for grade 5).
Computer.
Projector.
During the classes
1. Greeting.
Setting goals and objectives.
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2. Conversation
An article from the textbook "Russian Literary Tale" was used for the conversation.
What is a literary tale?
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When did fairy tales appear?
Give examples of literary fairy tales, name their authors.
The guys give examples of the read works - fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, V.F. Odoevsky, A. Pogorelsky, V.M. Garshin, K.G. X. Andersen and others.
- What works of V. M. Garshin have you already read?
The works of V. M. Garshin "The Frog-Traveler", "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose".
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Why are the works of this writer interesting for us?
In his works, as in a fable, the characters and events teach us something, but they do not speak about it directly, but hint that we ourselves should draw a conclusion.
3. Analysis of the work.
Guys, in literature lessons, we talked about the fact that writers, when creating their works, want the reader to think about some events, the actions of the characters, and draw certain conclusions for themselves. So today, analyzing Garshin's fairy tale, we will try to understand what the author wanted to teach us, what questions he thought about, what lessons from this fairy tale can help us in everyday life.
What mood did you have when you read the story? Did it change while reading?
A person can experience many feelings and emotions.
Is there anything in common between Garshin's fairy tale and Pogorelsky's work "The Black Hen, or Underground Dwellers"?
Garshin's text is a riddle that must be painstakingly solved, to learn to read between the lines - to look for semantic ideological subtext.
The plot of the fairy tale "Attalea Princeps" was developed by Garshin back in 1879, when the writer was only 24. And three years earlier, in 1876, Vsevolod Garshin composed the poem "The Captive".
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The epigraph to our lesson will be the words from this poem:
Beautiful high top palm tree
It knocks on the glass roof;
Broken glass, bent iron,
And the way to freedom is open:
We will talk about the path of the palm tree to freedom today in the lesson.
How does the narrative of "Attalea Princeps" by V. M. Garshin begin?
From the description of the greenhouse.
How does Garshin talk about her? (read the episode)
"She was very beautiful:" We admire the greenhouse as a wonderful work of art. The writer even compares it to a precious stone.
Why does the description of the greenhouse then abruptly change its tone? Did the plants live so well in this beautiful greenhouse?
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Let's find in the text and write down the key words that tell about this life:
Plants in prison
Closely
They robbed each other of moisture and food
Bent and broke
Couldn't grow where they want
The air is still
Conclusion. For plants, the greenhouse was a real prison, not for nothing that the author calls the plants "prisoners".
What did the plants need, what did they dream about?
The plants were homesick. "The plants needed a wide expanse, a native land and freedom. They were natives of hot countries, gentle, luxurious creatures:"
"No matter how transparent the roof was, but it is not a clear sky" - in these words the authoropposes "native land and freedom" in a cramped and dark greenhouse.
In Garshin's fairy tale, plants act like people, they even have different reasoning and thoughts, a different attitude to what is happening. What is the nature of plants?
Episodes from "Attalea Princeps" are read.
Conclusions.
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sago palm - spiteful, irritable, arrogant, arrogant, envious.
pot-bellied cactus - ruddy, fresh, juicy, satisfied with his life.
Cinnamon - hides behind the backs of other plants ("no one will rip me off"), unpretentious, likes to argue.
tree fern - not entirely satisfied with his position, but does not seek to change anything.
Tell us about Attalea Princeps. Why such a name?
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So the director called the palm tree in Latin. This name was not native to the palm, it was invented by botanists. The palm tree was taller and more beautiful than all.
Latin is a dead language that is the ancestor of modern Romance languages. Perhaps the palm tree is doomed from the very moment it got into the greenhouse and was given a "dead" name? After all, they say that the name determines the fate.
Among the characters of the tale, there are two very different people: the director of the greenhouse and the traveler from Brazil. What is their dissimilarity? Which of them is closer to the main character of the fairy tale?
- Director - a man of science, cares only about external well-being, soulless, not understanding what plants can experience, feel pain: ": with a satisfied look, he patted a hard tree with a cane, and the blows resounded loudly around the greenhouse. The leaves of the palm tree trembled from these blows. Oh, if only she could moan, what a cry of anger the headmaster would hear!"
- Brazilian - argues with the director about the name of the palm tree, he knows her native, real name. Looking at the palm tree, he remembers his homeland. He understands the palm tree, its loneliness and the fact that only at home can one be happy.
Why did the meeting with the Brazilian become decisive for the palm?
The Brazilian is the last thread that connects the palm tree with the homeland. He seemed to say goodbye to her. It was perhaps at this moment that Attalea felt her loneliness most keenly, all the hopelessness of the situation.
- Why did the palm tree's desire for freedom not find support from other trees? What did they care about? What were you proud of? Why were they hostile to the palm tree?
All plants yearned for their homeland and freedom. But only Attalea and the little grass resisted such a life and wanted to break free. The rest just adapted to prison. They are afraid for their lives, afraid of change. The plants are angry with Attalea for her proud words. They hate her for her pride, for her love of freedom, for not stopping her at the thought of "people with knives and with axes" who will come and cut off her branches if she raises her peak too high.
Perhaps they envy the palm tree because it has the strength to fulfill its dreams.
Why did grass, unlike other plants, understand the palm tree?
"She did not know the southern nature, but she also loved the air and freedom. The greenhouse was a prison for her too."
How does weed make us feel?
We feel sorry for her and admire her ability to empathize, to understand the feelings of the palm tree. She becomes a true friend to Attalea, willing to help her with all her heart.
How did the palm fight for freedom? What price did she pay for wanting to see the real sky?
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“Then the trunk began to bend. Its leafy top crumpled, the cold rods of the frame dug into the tender young leaves, cut and disfigured them, but the tree was stubborn, did not spare the leaves, in spite of everything, pressed on the gratings, and the gratings were already giving in, although they were made of strong iron."
4. Dynamic pause.
Now we will try to visit the site of the plants ourselves and experience what they felt while in the greenhouse.
A game:
So imagine that you are the plants and your hands are the roots. Clasp your hands together and try to portray the following episode: "The roots intertwined with each other and took away moisture and food from each other."
Now stand in a circle. Raise your hands and press your palms into the palms of your neighbor. Your arms are branches and your palms are leaves. Try to show the following fragment: "the branches of the trees interfered with the huge leaves of the palm trees, leaned on the iron frames."
Tell me, please, what feelings and emotions did the plants experience at the time of the struggle for moisture and food? (I wanted to move away from my neighbor, get food in any way)
Guys, did you really experience such feelings while doing this exercise?
- With the help of exercises, you tried to put yourself in the place of plants and experience similar feelings.
5. Fairy tale conversation (continued)
Let's return to our epigraph (read again)
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The palm reached its goal. How did the fairy tale end? Why did the director decide to cut down the palm tree?
Building a special cap over a palm tree is expensive.
How do we feel when we read about how the palm tree died?
Pity for Attalea, hatred for the director, but at the same time admiration and respect for the palm tree.
Why did the director order the small weed to be thrown away?
"Tear out this rubbish and throw it away: It has already turned yellow, and the drink has spoiled it very much. Plant something new here."
What thoughts come to mind after reading the story? What did the author want to tell us with this work?
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All plants feel pain, all have a soul.
It is very difficult when others do not understand you, when they are hostile.
Contradiction of dreams and acquired reality.
Everything in this work is built on opposition, contrast. Find those contrasting lines.
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Beautiful greenhouse - prisoner plants
Images of the director and the Brazilian
Plants - Attalea
Director's Pride - Attalea's Pride
Dream and reality
6. Summing up.
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Choose proverbs that do not fit this tale, explain why?
There is safety in numbers;
Everyone is a blacksmith of his own happiness;
One bee will bring some honey;
That love does not exist anymore, how it dies for each other;
Does Garshin's work correspond to the fairy tale genre?
If it were a folklore tale, what type would it be classified as? Prove? (magical, plants come to life, unusual (exotic) environment, domestic: an introduction to the plot of a person).
If you had the opportunity to become one of the plants described in a fairy tale, who would you be? (This final question will be the result of the perception of the whole work. Some of the children will name a palm tree, and this will be the majority, and someone will want to become a grass or, in extreme cases, a fern, cactus or other plant).
The tale of Vsevolod Garshin reflected the love of nature, the desire for independence and love of freedom. The ending of the tale is tragic, but also bright at the same time, because it contains not only an understanding of the doom of fighting alone, but also admiration for this courageous struggle.
7. Homework.
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Answer the question in writing:What feelings did you experience when reading the fairy tale by V.M. Garshin "Attalea Princeps"? How did they change? Why?
